World War OneWorld War OneThe War to end all Wars ?The War to end all Wars ?

The Big OneThe Big One

I’ll take a job there

Sammy

                                                                                 

Yikes Scoob those Germans sure are scary

or is that American

propaganda ?

The lessonThe lesson What you just witnessed was What you just witnessed was

not pure entertainment but a not pure entertainment but a lesson as to how WW 1 lesson as to how WW 1 started. Races believed they started. Races believed they are better and should control are better and should control Europe. They formed Europe. They formed Alliances with others and Alliances with others and wanted to dominate wanted to dominate countries.The fight was built countries.The fight was built up by the preachers of up by the preachers of nationalism and militarism.nationalism and militarism.

Thus the 4 causes of WW1 Thus the 4 causes of WW1

Remember the MAINMAIN

Militarism –the build up of armies/ navies

Alliance forming –Nations form treaties to protect themselves

Imperialism –stronger countries dominating weaker ones

Nationalism –People having excessive pride in their countries

Alliance FormingAlliance FormingDual Alliance/ Triple EntenteAlso called allies

Triple AllianceAlso called central powers, axis powers)

France1904 Germany

Russia1904 Austria Hungary

Britain joins in 1907

Italy

Alliance FormingAlliance Forming

The treaties were The treaties were defensive treaties so if a defensive treaties so if a Nation was attacked, their Nation was attacked, their alliance would come help alliance would come help them. Italy withdrew from them. Italy withdrew from their Alliance at the start their Alliance at the start of the war when the cited of the war when the cited Germany as an Germany as an aggressor and not aggressor and not attacked.attacked.

There was no TV during WW1

The Spark of the WW 1 1914The Spark of the WW 1 1914America does not get in til 1917America does not get in til 1917 Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the throne of

Austria-Hungary and his wife Sophie were Austria-Hungary and his wife Sophie were assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist. This happened assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist. This happened at Sarajevo onat Sarajevo on

June 28, 1914 June 28, 1914 Bosnia and Herzegovina wereBosnia and Herzegovina were annexed in 1908annexed in 1908 Many Many Bosnians, particularlyBosnians, particularly Bosnian Serbs, resentedBosnian Serbs, resented the occupation, preferringthe occupation, preferring instead unification with Serbia. instead unification with Serbia.

The Shots that started WW1The Shots that started WW1

Gavrillo Princip was the Gavrillo Princip was the assassin of Franz assassin of Franz Ferdinand. Before the Ferdinand. Before the gunshot, a bomb just gunshot, a bomb just missed killing Franz and missed killing Franz and his wife Sophie. his wife Sophie. Surprisingly in America, Surprisingly in America, most people paid no most people paid no attention to the event in attention to the event in the newspapers.the newspapers.

AHS WRESTLERS WIN

The SerbianThe SerbianAustrian problem was Austrian problem was

known as the Balkan known as the Balkan Powder KegPowder Keg

Car Sophie and Franz were in.

The sidesThe sidesDual Alliance/ Triple EntenteAlso called allies

Triple AllianceAlso called central powers, axis powers)

France1904 Germany

Russia1904 Austria Hungary

Britain – only came in war

when Germany marched into Belgium

Serbia

The U.S. Stays NeutralThe U.S. Stays Neutral

Although there is evidence that we really Although there is evidence that we really favored the Alliesfavored the Allies

1.1. Great Britain had ties to our language Great Britain had ties to our language and history more than other nationsand history more than other nations

2.2. Morgan LoansMorgan Loans

We will remain neutral

Morgan LoansMorgan Loans

In 1915, Britain and In 1915, Britain and France asked the U.S.for France asked the U.S.for loans to buy munitions. loans to buy munitions. President Wilson said President Wilson said yes. JP Morgan yes. JP Morgan organized the loans. organized the loans. When asked how this When asked how this was neutral, Wilson said was neutral, Wilson said that Central powers could that Central powers could apply for loans too. apply for loans too. However a British However a British Blockade prevented this.Blockade prevented this.

Germany sought to stop that Germany sought to stop that blockadeblockade

German U-boatsGerman U-boats ( subs) used surprise ( subs) used surprise

tactics to stop trade. tactics to stop trade. This violated This violated international law. This international law. This created a major created a major incident with Americaincident with America

LusitaniaLusitania

On May 7, 1915 an On May 7, 1915 an ocean liner going ocean liner going from NY to England from NY to England was sunk by a was sunk by a German U-Boat. German U-Boat.

1198 died1198 died 726 were rescued726 were rescued 128 Americans died128 Americans died

LusitaniaLusitaniaNOTICE!NOTICE!

TRAVELLERS intending to embark on the TRAVELLERS intending to embark on the Atlantic voyage are reminded that a state Atlantic voyage are reminded that a state of war exists between Germany and her of war exists between Germany and her allies and Great Britain and her allies; that allies and Great Britain and her allies; that the zone of war includes the waters the zone of war includes the waters adjacent to the British Isles; that, in adjacent to the British Isles; that, in accordance with formal notice given by the accordance with formal notice given by the Imperial German Government, vessels Imperial German Government, vessels flying the flag of Great Britain, or any of her flying the flag of Great Britain, or any of her allies, are liable to destruction in those allies, are liable to destruction in those waters and that travelers sailing in the war waters and that travelers sailing in the war zone on the ships of Great Britain or her zone on the ships of Great Britain or her allies do so at their own risk.allies do so at their own risk.

IMPERIAL GERMAN EMBASSY,IMPERIAL GERMAN EMBASSY,Washington, D.C. April 22, 1915Washington, D.C. April 22, 1915

The LusitaniaThe Lusitania was carrying was carrying armsarms

LUSITANIALUSITANIA sailed with sailed with 4200 cases of 4200 cases of

Remington .303 rifle cartridgesRemington .303 rifle cartridges

A thousand rounds to a box, A thousand rounds to a box, 18 cases of fuses 18 cases of fuses 1248 cases of 3 inch Shrapnel 1248 cases of 3 inch Shrapnel

shells filledshells filled Some people think it was the Some people think it was the

munitions that started the 2munitions that started the 2ndnd explosion that sunk the shipexplosion that sunk the ship

The Lusitania sunk 10 miles off The Lusitania sunk 10 miles off the coast of Irelandthe coast of Ireland

Did the Germans have the Did the Germans have the right to sink the Lusitania ?right to sink the Lusitania ?

The SussexThe Sussex

The SussexThe Sussex was was mistaken for a minelayer mistaken for a minelayer and torpedoed by a and torpedoed by a German U-boat. The German U-boat. The SussexSussex did not sink and did not sink and managed to limp into a managed to limp into a French port. Fifty persons French port. Fifty persons were killed in the incident; were killed in the incident; no Americans lost their no Americans lost their lives, but several were lives, but several were injured.injured.

Sussex PledgeSussex Pledge

President Wilson President Wilson addressed the Congress addressed the Congress in April and issued an in April and issued an ultimatum to the ultimatum to the Germans: End the attack Germans: End the attack on unarmed ships or risk on unarmed ships or risk the severing of diplomatic the severing of diplomatic relations. relations.

Germany responded to Germany responded to Wilson's demands on Wilson's demands on May 4 with what is called May 4 with what is called the the ""SussexSussex Pledge." Pledge."

He kept us out of WarHe kept us out of War

Wilson won re-Wilson won re-election on this election on this campaign slogan in campaign slogan in 1916, but by 1917 we 1916, but by 1917 we are in warare in war

War is

here

He kept us out of War

The Sussex Pledge stated The Sussex Pledge stated End the sinking of passenger ships End the sinking of passenger ships Search merchant ships for contraband Search merchant ships for contraband

and make provisions for passengers and make provisions for passengers and crews before sinking merchant and crews before sinking merchant ships ships

The German guarantees were generally The German guarantees were generally honored until the announcement of the honored until the announcement of the resumption of unrestricted submarine resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in February 1917.warfare in February 1917.

America enters war because of the unrestricted submarine warfare

IsolationistsIsolationists – those that – those that favored America staying out of favored America staying out of

the warthe war

After a 9 month layoff, the German violated the Sussex Pledge and America entered

the war.

Causes America Europe

Spark Zimmerman Note Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

Root Cause Unrestricted SubmarineWarfare

MA ?IN

Zimmerman noteZimmerman note Britain intercepted a Britain intercepted a

message sent by foreign message sent by foreign minister Zimmerman minister Zimmerman (Germany) to the (Germany) to the Mexicans saying that if Mexicans saying that if they attacked the U.S, they attacked the U.S, Germany would help Germany would help them recover lands taken them recover lands taken from them in Arizona and from them in Arizona and New Mexico, maybe even New Mexico, maybe even Texas ?Texas ?

Actually went through The German embassy in

Washington D.C. telegraph office

The British DilemmaThe British Dilemma

The British actually The British actually found out about the found out about the telegraph because they telegraph because they were monitoring were monitoring (spying) on telegraph (spying) on telegraph offices. To come offices. To come forward would mean the forward would mean the Americans would know Americans would know this. President Wilson this. President Wilson allowed both sides to allowed both sides to use the telegraphs use the telegraphs offices which is why the offices which is why the ZimmermanZimmerman note went note went thru DC first. thru DC first.

Zimmerman clarified Zimmerman clarified his position before the his position before the U.S. declared war. He U.S. declared war. He said that the message said that the message was intended only if was intended only if the U.S. declared war the U.S. declared war first.first.

U.S. - Preparing for WarU.S. - Preparing for War

Lets list all the Lets list all the things that have to things that have to happen to prepare happen to prepare war for warwar for war

11 22 33 44 55 66

789101112131415

The way to organize your thinking is to take the 4 major The way to organize your thinking is to take the 4 major Social studies strands (OGT) and make a chart. The way to Social studies strands (OGT) and make a chart. The way to

remember these is to know the core Social studies topic remember these is to know the core Social studies topic areasareas

EconomicsPolitics/

GovernmentSocial/

CitizenshipGeographically

$ Leadership PeoplePlace

& Region

EconomicsEconomics Factories had to be changed over to making weapons, Factories had to be changed over to making weapons,

jeeps…jeeps… Workers were needed to replace male soldiers to Workers were needed to replace male soldiers to

fight…womanfight…woman Raise money for the war…led to the selling of war Raise money for the war…led to the selling of war

bonds- the war would cost 33.5 billionbonds- the war would cost 33.5 billion Increasing of taxes on wealthy helped pay for some –Increasing of taxes on wealthy helped pay for some –

large business benefiting from war products were taxed large business benefiting from war products were taxed the mostthe most

You guys need me now- You had better give us the right to

vote

In fact the 19In fact the 19thth amendment amendment was passed just after WW 1 was passed just after WW 1 when males realized when males realized how valuable how valuable woman were towoman were tosociety.society.

Social/CitizenshipSocial/Citizenship Conservation of Food, Farmers had to grow Conservation of Food, Farmers had to grow

moremore Buy war bonds…school children clubs Buy war bonds…school children clubs

promoted thesepromoted these Many African Americans moved to the North Many African Americans moved to the North

to take jobs in major cities with factoriesto take jobs in major cities with factories

Politics/Politics/GovernmentGovernment

1.1. Military had to be recruited, trained to use equipmentMilitary had to be recruited, trained to use equipment2.2. Deal with labor problems that may arise because of the war emergency Deal with labor problems that may arise because of the war emergency

of goods..Gov’t accepted the of goods..Gov’t accepted the 8 hour work day and allowed Unions8 hour work day and allowed Unions3.3. Direct operations to conserve Food…Herbert Hoover directed the Food Direct operations to conserve Food…Herbert Hoover directed the Food

Relief Program Relief Program 4.4. Organize the selling of war bonds to raise moneyOrganize the selling of war bonds to raise money

5.5. Woodrow Wilson created the Committee of Public information…Woodrow Wilson created the Committee of Public information…100,000 workers promoting (some propaganda) the war to the public100,000 workers promoting (some propaganda) the war to the public

6.6. Wilson enacted the Espionage Act- censored foreign magazines, Wilson enacted the Espionage Act- censored foreign magazines, spyingspying

7.7. Wilson enacted the Sedition Act (Speak against the war) . Anyone Wilson enacted the Sedition Act (Speak against the war) . Anyone making remarks against the US effort was fined and jailed.making remarks against the US effort was fined and jailed.

LedTo the Albert Schenk Case

Albert Schenk was General Secretary of Albert Schenk was General Secretary of the Communist Party in the U.S. He the Communist Party in the U.S. He distributed around 15,000 flyers that distributed around 15,000 flyers that said the war was a wall street said the war was a wall street conspiracy ? Why would he say that ? conspiracy ? Why would he say that ?

He also said that a conscript (draftee) He also said that a conscript (draftee) was no better than a convict (criminal).was no better than a convict (criminal).

Schenk could hurt our recruiting

effort

Schenck was arrested under the Schenck was arrested under the Espionage Act of 1917Espionage Act of 1917

His trial that went all the way to the His trial that went all the way to the Supreme Court. What do you think his Supreme Court. What do you think his defense was ?defense was ?

Shenck vs. The U.S.Shenck vs. The U.S.

Judge Oliver Wendell Judge Oliver Wendell Homes heard the case. Homes heard the case. Many in the US..feared A Many in the US..feared A socialist rebellion. socialist rebellion. Socialism is a Command Socialism is a Command Economy. An economy Economy. An economy where the government where the government owns and operates owns and operates factories. Communism is factories. Communism is a tougher brand of a a tougher brand of a Command EconomyCommand Economy

Hells’ Bells Loretta,

America does not need Socialists

Clear and Present Danger Clear and Present Danger speechspeech

                  

“the character of every act depends upon the

circumstances in which it is done. . . .

Judge Oliver Wendell Homes

The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic

The Towering Inferno starring OJ Simpson

The question in every case is The question in every case is

whether the words used are used whether the words used are used

in such circumstances and are of in such circumstances and are of

such a nature as to create a such a nature as to create a

clear and presentclear and present danger that they danger that they

will bring about the substantive will bring about the substantive

evils that evils that Congress has a right Congress has a right

to preventto prevent. It is a question of proximity. It is a question of proximity

and degree. When a nation is at war manyand degree. When a nation is at war many

things that might be said in time of peacethings that might be said in time of peace

are such a hindrance to its effort that theirare such a hindrance to its effort that their

utterance will not be endured so long asutterance will not be endured so long as

men fight and that men fight and that no Court couldno Court could

regard them as protected by any regard them as protected by any

constitutional rightconstitutional right

While hardly anyone While hardly anyone would deny that there would deny that there are limits to freedom of are limits to freedom of speech, but what about speech, but what about in a time of war.in a time of war.

Because, Congress Because, Congress declares War, not the declares War, not the people, and our system people, and our system is one of checks and is one of checks and balances, do the people balances, do the people not have the right to not have the right to question the war.? question the war.?

I am right, Don’t you

question me on this

power point

My decision

is final you

American people

The draft is no longer The draft is no longer used but is still an used but is still an option of the Federal option of the Federal Gov’t and could be Gov’t and could be brought back.brought back.

Imagine it was in place Imagine it was in place and you were drafted to and you were drafted to a recent U.S. War. a recent U.S. War. What part of our What part of our Constitution would you Constitution would you use to site an use to site an argument that would argument that would defend one’s right to defend one’s right to write a public article write a public article that asks draftees not that asks draftees not to sign up. to sign up.

More Social IssuesMore Social Issues

German sauerkraut German sauerkraut was renamed liberty was renamed liberty cabbagecabbage

German music and German music and language was banned language was banned in schoolin school

And then take the Liberty cabbage with your olive oil and

cook it at…

NEW ITEMS OF WW 1NEW ITEMS OF WW 1

A. A. TRENCH WARTRENCH WAR

B.B.                CHEMICAL WAR CHEMICAL WAR

C.C.                SUBMARINESSUBMARINES

D.D.                CONVOY SYSTEMCONVOY SYSTEM

E.E.                AIRPLANEAIRPLANE

F.F.                MACHINE GUNMACHINE GUN

Trench War Trench War

No-Man's LandThe land that separated the Allies and the

German trenches was a wasteland of craters, blackened tree stumps and the occasional shell of a building. It was normally around 250 yards but could vary between 7 yards to 500 yards

Gasses – mustard was named after color of the puss in the

blister it produced 

Chlorine gasChlorine gas – used early in the war – took weeks to die painfully

It stripped mucous membranes in the bronchial tubes 

Gas gangrene Gas gangrene   There was  so much manure in the fields of France in FLANDERS that a bacillus in the horse intestines developed.

      A soldier that was shot sometimes picked up the bacillus and entered body and ballooned the wound with gas and gangrene

would set in. It was a painful death

Ammonia in urine helped Ammonia in urine helped neutralize the chlorine. neutralize the chlorine. Soldiers would pee into Soldiers would pee into pads and breathe into pads and breathe into them during attacksthem during attacks

TanksTanks

Indicates German

Tank

The name Tank came from the British who transported the first

one to the front to be built and to hide its secret, they labeled the parts as “water

tanks”

SubmarinesSubmarines

U- boat comes from U- boat comes from UnterseebootUnterseeboot

meaning: "undersea meaning: "undersea boat“boat“

Trade ships started Trade ships started

traveling in convoys to traveling in convoys to help protect themhelp protect them

Many pilots simple spied or dropped bombs off their plane by hand

The AeroThe Aero(“Arrow”)(“Arrow”)

plane plane

Manfred von Richthofen

80 confirmed aces.

I successfully have been part of 80,000 pizza meals

by citizens all over the world

EddieEddie Rickenbacker Rickenbacker

26 aces was the most for an American pilot inWW1

Billy MitchellBilly Mitchell The Father of the American The Father of the American Air force. Mitchell was a Air force. Mitchell was a great pilot in WW 1 and great pilot in WW 1 and advocating building our advocating building our air force for future wars air force for future wars in the 1920’s. When the in the 1920’s. When the military did not listen and military did not listen and

he persisted, he was he persisted, he was court-maritaled. . court-maritaled. .

Everything he said came Everything he said came true in WW 2 and the true in WW 2 and the

U.S. was behind U.S. was behind because it did not believe because it did not believe air power would replace air power would replace other avenues of war as other avenues of war as

the most important the most important

In 1924 Mitchell In 1924 Mitchell issued with a 324-issued with a 324-page report that page report that predicted future war predicted future war with Japan including with Japan including an attack on Pearl an attack on Pearl Harbor.Harbor.

Because of a lack of Because of a lack of experience and technical experience and technical knowledge, the US knowledge, the US decided to adopt British, decided to adopt British, French, and Italian-French, and Italian-designed combat planes designed combat planes for productionfor production

The Machine gun changed WarThe Machine gun changed War

No longer could armies cross land and No longer could armies cross land and charge like during the Civil War. They were charge like during the Civil War. They were cut down by the machine gun.cut down by the machine gun.

1917 Russia withdraws as 1917 Russia withdraws as America entersAmerica enters

Russia had a Communist Russia had a Communist (Bolshevik Party ) (Bolshevik Party ) Revolution. They made a Revolution. They made a separate peace with separate peace with Germany. Eventually, the Germany. Eventually, the Czar Nicholas and his Czar Nicholas and his family are murdered and family are murdered and Russia become the Russia become the USSR USSR

Union of Soviet Union of Soviet Socialistic RepublicSocialistic Republic

Romonav family

Anastasia ?

XXX

XX X

X

President WilsonPresident Wilson

President learned that President learned that Russia, Britain and Russia, Britain and France had wanted to France had wanted to divide up spoils of war divide up spoils of war including territory. He including territory. He was upset at this and was upset at this and decided to work on decided to work on his own plan as the his own plan as the war was ending. war was ending.

Here are some of the 14 Here are some of the 14 pointspoints

Openly negotiated treaties

Freedom of Seas Free trade

Reduction in arms Elimination of wars for Empire

Self determination for governments

Political boundaries set by cultural and language ties.

1414thth point pointA League of Nations

Most important point

Talks were scheduled at Talks were scheduled at Versailles palace near Versailles palace near Paris. The Big Four met Paris. The Big Four met here. It was here that 4 here. It was here that 4 leaders set to negotiate leaders set to negotiate conditions for a peace conditions for a peace for Germany to sign. In for Germany to sign. In the process, they set the process, they set the world up for World the world up for World War 2 War 2

Georges ClemenceauFrance

                    

     

David Lloyd GeorgeEngland

Vittorio OrlandoItaly

Woodrow Wilson USA

The Big 4

The Versailles Treaty WW 1The Versailles Treaty WW 1

The harshness of the The harshness of the Versailles treaty on Versailles treaty on punishing Germany punishing Germany led to World War2led to World War2

Germany expected a Germany expected a fair peace ,but Britain fair peace ,but Britain and France wanted and France wanted them to pay. them to pay.

Germany will rise again if

you don’t give us a fair treaty

The harshness of Versailles on The harshness of Versailles on GermanyGermany

German border lands Alsace and Loraine were given away

Germany was charged 33 billion dollars in war damages called reparations

Armies and Navies of Germany were restricted in size

Germany must accept charges that they were responsible for the war

Austria- Hungary was divided into Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia

How to remember the How to remember the harshness of Versaillesharshness of Versailles

Guilt of starting the war

Reparations

Undersized army & Navy

Border Lands given away

The Germans were upsetThe Germans were upset

A fanatical preacher A fanatical preacher came to Germany came to Germany and preached that and preached that they had been they had been punished unfairly in punished unfairly in WW 1 and so they WW 1 and so they started the process of started the process of WW2WW2

Check the next slide Check the next slide to see howto see how

Here’s HowHere’s How

Germany built up their armies and Navy because they Germany built up their armies and Navy because they were told not too and thus were told not too and thus WW 2 WAS NECESSARY WW 2 WAS NECESSARY

Germany sought to take back border lands and thus Germany sought to take back border lands and thus WW 2 WAS NECESSARYWW 2 WAS NECESSARY

The Germany economy suffered from the reparations The Germany economy suffered from the reparations and the build of armed weapons helped them get out and the build of armed weapons helped them get out of it and thus of it and thus WW 2 WAS NECESSARYWW 2 WAS NECESSARY

Germany felt they had received a bad peace and their Germany felt they had received a bad peace and their pride was angered and thus pride was angered and thus WW 2 WAS WW 2 WAS NECESSARYNECESSARY

The Versailles treatyThe Versailles treaty

The Germans said the treaty violated Wilson’s 14 points, but signed it anyway. The treaty may have been worse had Wilson not been there

AMERICA never signed the Versailles treaty as the Senate opposed it.

ARMISTICE DAYARMISTICE DAY

1111thth Month Month

11th Day

11th Hour

The League of NationsThe League of Nations Woodrow Wilson traveled the country giving speeches to the people Woodrow Wilson traveled the country giving speeches to the people

to drum up support to join the League of Nations, but the Senate to drum up support to join the League of Nations, but the Senate rejected this because of the work of Henry Cabot Lodge he rejected this because of the work of Henry Cabot Lodge he campaigned against it.campaigned against it.

Wilson suffered a stroke on his travels also. Wilson suffered a stroke on his travels also. The chief argument against it was that it was another form of The chief argument against it was that it was another form of

Alliance formingAlliance forming

Warren Warren HardingHarding

In 1920 Warren In 1920 Warren Harding was elected Harding was elected under the slogan under the slogan Return to NormalcyReturn to Normalcy

Harding’s Presidency Harding’s Presidency was far from normal, was far from normal, corruption returned to corruption returned to the White house the White house