Essential Question

• Who was responsible for World War II?

• Who fought in the war?

• What was the outcome?

The treaty of Versailles had taken much of German lands and forced them to pay huge FINES for damages done during the Great War

To cope with the fines, Germany started printing more money.

But they printed too muchand it lost its VALUE

By 1923 German money was practically WORTHLESS

1

In 1923 an ex-soldier named

Adolph Hitler attacked the

German GOVERNMENT in Bavaria

He lost and was sent to jail

Many Germans supported him

His followers were called the National

Socialist party, or NAZIS

2

By the 1930’s, much of the world was suffering from a DEPRESSION

Food was scarce, money had lost value, and jobs were hard to find

Hitler used PROPAGANDA to convince Germans that their nation was superior and could once again become strong

pro·pa·gan·da: ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and that are spread in order to help a cause, a political leader,

a government, etc.

3

Hitler taught that Germans were the

MASTER RACE and were meant to rule

the world

His political party, the NAZIS, blamed the

Treaty of Versailles and the Jews for the

depression that Germany was in

4

Hitler was able to gain control of

Germany in 1933

Hitler was a fascist dictator

He formed an alliance with MUSSOLINI,

in Italy

Hitler taught his followers to hate the

JEWISH people

5

Hitler Speech

fas·cism

a political philosophy, movement, or

regime that exalts nation and often race

above the individual and that stands for a

centralized autocratic government headed

by a dictatorial leader, severe economic

and social regimentation, and forcible

suppression of opposition

Hitler broke the Treaty of Versailles in

1938 when he ordered his troops to move

into AUSTRIA

He next took

control of

Czechoslovakia

in 1939

Hitler next looked to take over POLAND

Britain and France promised to defend

Poland, war was about to begin again

6

From Star Wars, creepy,

huh?

From World War II

Hitler and Josef Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, moved troops into Poland in a BLITZKRIEG (lightning attack) on Poland

Britain and France declared war on Germany

German forces now moved west and took control of Belgium, and then Paris

By June of 1940, Hitlerhad seized control ofFRANCE

Britain was next…

7

The people of Britain prepared for the Nazi attack The Battle of Britain began in August of 1940 German planes dropped bombes on the city

almost nightly for nearly a YEAR

8

Many people hid

UNDERGROUND

Over 12,000 British

people were killed

Britain fought

back, and they

would not

SURRENDER

9

“We shall fight on the seas and

oceans, we shall fight with

growing confidence and growing

strength in the air, we shall

defend our island, whatever the

cost may be… We shall never

surrender”

-Prime Minister of Britain,

Winston Churchill-

Never Surrender

In June of 194, Hitler stopped his attack of Britain

He had lost more than 2,000 planes He broke his TREATY with Josef Stalin and

started moving into the Soviet UnionThey fought for three years to move into the

Soviet citiesMillions died on both sides

The Soviet Unionwas furious, theysided with BRITAIN

10

Hitler attacks Russia (Soviet Union)

In the winter of 1942, the Germans were close to

capturing MOSCOW, the Soviet capital

The only thing that was able to stop the German

troops was a deadly winter STORM

On December 6th, the Germans began to

RETREAT

11

In the late 1920’s, Japan had begun to create an EMPIRE for itself

In 1931 Japan invaded China and conquered several islands off the coast of Asia

Japan wanted toEXPAND their nation and take control ofanywhere that had

raw materials

12

In 1940, Japan and Germany formed an

ALLIANCE

Japan’s continual expansion and the

treaty with Germany created tension

between Japan and the United States

The United States did not like the

EXPANSION POLICY Japan had started

Japan did not want the United States to

interfere in their expansion plans

13

Day of Infamy On December 7th, 1941, The United States

naval base at PEARL HARBOR, Hawaii was

bombed by the Japanese

More than 2000 people died in the attack

President FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT

declared war the next day

Three days later, Germany

and Italy declared war on

the United States

14

The AXIS powers were Japan,

Germany, Italy and others.

The ALLIES fighting against them

were Britain, the United States,

France, the Soviet Union, and China

The fighting was taking place all

over the world

15

Which countries were fighting in the war?

The United Stated and its allies fought the Nazis for THREE years

Soviet union forces continued to push the Germans out of their nation

Allied leaders devised an attack that would surround the Axis powers

On June 6th, 1944 the Allies carried out a surprise attack on the beaches of NORMANDY, France, which was then occupied by the Germans

16

If the plan worked, the Axis powers would be SURROUNDEDon three sides, the east, west, and south

Over 11,000 planes, 2,700 ships, and 200,000 men stormed the beaches of Normandy at 6:00 in the morning.

17

At the end of the day, the Allied forces held the

beaches, they moved in to free PARIS

The enemy was now surrounded

18

Nearly a year after D-Day, Allied forces had pushed the Nazi troops back into Germany.

The Soviet Union had moved their troops all the way into Germany’s capital of BERLIN

On May 7th, 1945 Adolf Hitler killed himself to avoid being captured

Germany SURRENDERED Japan refused to stop FIGHTING

19

Japans leaders refused to give up

United States knew that INVADING Japan

would lead to many deaths on both sides

They decided to use a newly developed

deadly weapon, the ATOMIC BOMB on

Japanese cities

20

On August 6th, 1945 the first atomic bomb

was dropped on the city of HIROSHIMA

The entire city was destroyed in

SECONDS

21

50,000 people died instantly. Over 80,000 people

would ultimately die from the bombing

Japan did not surrender

Three days later the United States dropped another

bomb on the city of NAGASAKI

Japan surrendered on August 14th, 1945

The second world war had come to an end

22

Shortly before the German defeat, the

Nazis tried to hide the evidence of the CONCENTRATION CAMPS

These were places where

the Nazis had taken the

Jews to be tortured and

MURDERED

23

About SIX MILLION Jews were murdered

during this war

The deliberate destruction of human life is

called the HOLOCAUST

24

The people that were murdered in the concentration camp were men, women, and children

They had done NOTHING wrongThey were killed only because they were

JEWISHAbout another six million people were also

killed in these camps that were not JewishThese other people included Gypsies,

Poles, Russians, and Slavs

25

The war was fought across the entire world,

nearly every continent was involved

Over FIFTY MILLION people died during

the war

Cities were destroyed

Governments had collapsed

Nations had to be REBUILT

26

Soon the United

States began to fear

the Soviet Union

and their

COMMUNIST

government

The United States and the Soviet Union, who had once been allies, would soon become bitter ENEMIES

Another, much more dangerous war was looming ahead…

27

Essential Question

• Who was responsible for World War II?

• Who fought in the war?

• What was the outcome?

Power Point created by James Reese, 2014 Primary source Harcourt Social Studies Ancient Civilizations, Volume Two Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 2010 Edition