United StatesWorld War II

Political and Economic Upheaval• Political and Economic Struggles in Europe:

1. Devastation of World War I2. Communist Revolution in Russia3. Problems of Paris Peace Conference4. Great Depression•Economic Crisis showed failure ideals of democracy.•People received no help from government•People turned to strong leaders who provided limited civil liberties for help.

The Rise of Communism

• Karl Marx• Command Economy• Socialism• Communism• February 1917 Russian Revolution•Overthrew Czar Nicholas II

• Bolshevik Revolution•Vladimir Lenin

The Rise of Communism• Lenin’s Slogan: “Peace, Bread and Land”•Pull Russia out of the war with the central powers•Ample food and land for the people of Russia

• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk – Peace with Germany• Lenin had strict control of government and

people.• New Economic Policy• Mixed Economy• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Problems Created By The Paris Peace Conference1. World Powers wanted Germany to suffer

for World War I2. Germany signed an Armistice hoping for

a favorable peace agreement.3. Germany set up a democratic

government.4. Germany was excluded from League of

Nations5. Powers forced Germany to accept the

Treaty of Versailles6. Debilitated Germany’s military7. Made Germany pay War Reparations8. Made Germany admit sole responsibility

for World War I9. Broke up the Austro-Hungarian Empire,

which broke up ethnic groups.

Economic Crisis• World War I crushed the economies of the

European nations.• Large debts• Losing countries struggled to pay reparations and the

victorious nations counted on that payment to repay the United States.• Soldiers could not find jobs after the war.• October 29th, 1929 New York Stock Market crashed.• Great Depression• United States passed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff

Nationalism• Mass unemployment•Poverty•Despair

• Unstable economy and societies, people lost confidence in their elected leaders.• People turned to political movements• Nationalism grew the most in the

poorest countries.•Each country pushed for their own interest

The Rise of Totalitarianism

•Totalitarian government•Dictatorship

Italy• Benito Mussolini•Fascism•Fascist Party•Constitutional Monarchy•Expansionism• Francisco Franco

•Glorification of the State•Xenophobia and Racism• Pogroms

Japan• 1925 Japan allowed a switch from nobility and military to democratic ideals• Emperor Hirohito•Showa

• Japanese army invaded Manchuria• Japanese military established control

Germany• Armed gangs of fascists and communists•NAZIS•Fuhrer – Adolf Hitler• Aryan Race• Genocide• Anti-Sematic•War Reparations• Scapegoating• Gestapo

The Union Of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR)

• Joseph Stalin (1930)•Brutal violence•Had all opposition to Communism put to death. 1.5 to 7 million.

Communism Fascism

Goal Goal

Marx wanted factory workers to revolt.Workers to control production.Wanted to eliminate religion.Strong centralized government.

Mussolini and Hitler felt they were heirs to great empires.National dominance by strong central government and strict control over their people.Ignored peoples rights.

PracticeStalin eliminated private enterprise.Established strict government control on economy.One Party Rule – Strong inner circle.Spread Communism

PracticeMussolini held strict control over societyAligned himself with big businessHitler aligned himself with big businessHitler used torture and murder to place entire country under Nazi rule.

ResultIncreased industrial productionAgriculture failedUniform control over societyEliminated Church influenceStrong MilitaryNo Civil Liberties

ResultMussolini went economic decline, rich kept wealth and worker’s suffered.Hitler pulled Germany out of the depression.Eliminating unemploymentDeveloped strong militaryNational PrideUnited Protestant Churches

Rejection of Peace• 63 Nations signed the Paris Peace Pact (Kellogg-

Briand Pact)• Except Russia• Promised to use negotiations rather than war to solve

problems.• Except for self defense.• Germany Italy and Japan ignored the pact

Japanese Aggression• Invaded Manchuria• Withdrew from the League of Nations• China signed a treaty with Japan ceding

Manchuria• Japan seized all major cities along the coast

Italian Aggression• Invaded Ethiopia• Joined forces with Germany• Joined the Rome/Berlin/Tokyo Axis (Axis

Powers)• Allied Powers (Britain and France)• Italy invaded Albania

German Aggression• Hitler moved troops into the Rhineland• Annexed Austria• Annexed part of Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland)

through Appeasement at the Munich conference.

• Hitler agreed to a non aggression pact with Russia.

The Invasion of Poland-World War II Begins• Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia• Invaded Poland• Hitler used Blitzkrieg method• 1939 France and Britain declared war on Germany

The United States Remains Neutral• Strong Isolationists• Sad memories of World War I• Unpaid war debts from European countries• Afraid of another depression• Believed arms manufacturers and Wall Street pushed

United States into World War I

• Neutrality Acts• Passed the Ludlow Amendment• United States used a “cash and carry” policy

Germany Attacks France and Britain• Germany invaded

1. Denmark and Norway2. Belgium and Holland3. France

• Winston Churchill new Prime Minister in Britain• Battle of Britain• RAF• Radar

United States Tries To Help• Peace time Draft• Franklin Roosevelt elected to 3rd term (4)• Continued to aid Great Britain• Selective Training and Service Act• Only excused by religious training and beliefs

• Conscientious Objectors• Neutrality Policy hurt rather than helped• Lend Lease Act• Atlantic Charter• Soviet Union used the Scorched Earth Policy

The French Resistance• French Resistance• Communists and Non Communist

• Charles de Gaulle• Forces of France

Problems In Southeast Asia• United States cut off