World War II: Germany

Objective

Analyze how the ambitions of Hitler/Germany paved the way for the outbreak of WWII

Germany’s Path to War

- Hitler’s theory of racial domination laid the foundation for aggressive expansion of Germany

- Hitler starts by - violating the Treaty of Versailles

Hitler violates the Versailles TreatyHitler violations: Begins military draft

plans for air force

Sent German troops into Rhineland – demilitarized area

Reaction: Italy, GB, and France

condemned Hitler’s actions BUT nothing else

France is nervous but lets it go

Britain sees this is “Germany going into its own backyard”

APPEASEMENT

AlliancesItaly - Germany

GB and France mad about Mussolini invading Ethiopia

He turned to Hitler

Rome-Berlin Axis

Austria - Germany

Forces chancellor to put Nazis in charge of gov’t allow Hitler’s troops to

enter

Annexed Austria

Japan - Germany

• against Communism

• Anti – Comintern Pact

Munich Pact : Great Britain and France

Hitler demands Sudetenland German-speaking part of

Czechoslovakia

Pact: Allows him to take Sudetenland (nothing more!) Appeasement Chamberlain: “Peace for out time”

What does this tell Hitler? What is next?

Hitler’s Demands and the Munich Pact

Non Aggression Pact

Germany & USSR : To avoid 2 front war for Germany Agree to conquer then split up

Poland Hitler believes GB & France

won’t step up and follow through on their promise to protect Poland

World is shocked

Germany Invades Poland

Non Aggression pact gives Hitler the freedom to enter Poland Hitler hates the Polish

corridor German & Soviet

forces invade Poland Britain and France

declare war on Germany

Objective

Describe the course of events of World War II. (Germany)

Blitz vs Sitz Blitzkrieg – Poland

Lightening war – Sept 1939 Attack quickly & overpower Poland

Tanks. airplanes, bombs 5 weeks later Germany and Soviet Union divide Poland

Sitzkrieg - The West - France phony war – “sitting war”

Border France – Maginot Line After Poland, nothing was going on in the west

Germany was hoping GB & France would give up GB & France were hoping Germany was done

Another Blitzkrieg – Other countries – April 1940 Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, and France

Fall of France Broke through French lines

Went around Maginot Line (French border) through Belgium

Split Allies British trapped on Dunkirk Beach

Heroic efforts evacuate 338,000 troops Churchill called it a “miracle”

Germans still want to get Britain

France Falls– June 1940 France is divided into zones Germans control 3/5 of France Vichy France is created in the other 2/5

Puppet government – led by Petain (WWI Hero)

Battle of Britain Britain turns to US

US responds with isolationism didn’t want to get involved (think WWI)

Battle of Britain Luftwaffe – air attack on military sites

Britain’s radar and sonar provided early warning

German Shift of Strategy Bombed major cities – civilians – Why?

Britain remained strong and attacked back – fixed bases

Hitler did not win!!! 1st major defeat Says he will return, but never does

Attack on Soviet Union Breaks the Non-Aggression Pact Why?

Crush the USSR Eliminate Great Britain’s support system (Ally)

Gain resources Wants quick defeat

Delayed – problems in the Balkans June start instead of spring

First time Germany is stopped. Why? Early winter Not prepared Soviet resistance

World War II: Japan

Objective

Analyze how the ambitions of Japan paved the way for the outbreak of World War II.

Describe the course of events of World War II. (Japan)

Japan’s Path to WarMain Idea:

-Japan has their own plans to seize other countries.

Why?- The need for natural

resources

Japan takes over Manchuria Japanese created state of Manchukuo out of Manchuria• puppet ruler Henry Pu Yi• Direct or Indirect Rule?

League of Nations investigates

• Japan removes itself• US refused to recognize new state

but is also not willing to use force

Japan wants to conquer more and expand

Japan Keeps going - China

Like Hitler: Japan takes more & more

Japan Attacks China• Established control of some

areas in the east & north• Overall China remained

strong & refused to surrender

Japan wants China to join a “New Order” , an alliance of: Japan, Manchuria, & China

Japan wants to seize resources in Siberia• China – Not interested• Plan “B” - Work with Hitler

Seize, conquer, and divide Soviet Union

Plans change after Nonaggression Pact, can’t attack the USSR if it is allied with Germany.

And Going….Siberia

Japan changes its path – SE Asia

SE Asia (American and European colonies)

• Take over colonies to get raw materials

• risk losing US oil & iron

US retaliates with sanctions

Debate – • Stop invading Asia to

please the US?• Attack the US?

Attack on Pearl Harbor

Japan underestimated US strength, thought US had soft leaders and was unable to fight

Now the US has reason to enter the war (think 911)

• Declared war on Japan• Japan launched

attacks in SE Asia• same day as Pearl

Harbor

Hitler Responds Declares war on the

US because he believes the war in the Pacific would make the US ineffective

Conflict turned into another global war

Objective

Explain which events brought the devastation to an end in WWII. Europe Asia

World War II: The End of the

War

How did it end?

The Grand Alliance

The Grand Alliance Meet in Tehran (1943)

The Big 3: Great Britain, US, and USSR Focus on military goals

and ignore political differences for now

Force unconditional surrender and nothing less - no discussion

European Theater: The Tide Turns… Africa

North Africa Allies are able to push them out and force surrender

in May 1943

Eastern Front Stalingrad – major industrial center

Bad winter conditions and supply lines were cut off

Forced to surrender (Spring 1943)

Italy Sicily fell to the Allies Mussolini was arrested (1943), Germans

liberated him Later… resistance fighters shot him

European Theater: Last Years - France France: D-Day – June 6, 1944

Allied forces under Eisenhower landed on Normandy Greatest naval invasion in history Mines, barbed wire, gun fire

Falsely led Germans Thought attack was a diversion Germans responded slowly

Freed France Agreed to meet with Soviets at the

Elbe River YouTube - D-DAY invasion(3 min)

Last Years of the War: Soviet Union Soviets expand

take over Warsaw then Berlin swept through Hungary, Bulgaria,

and Romania

Hitler realizes the end is near Goes into a bunker under Berlin

Still blames the Jews for the war Commits suicide

VE Day 5/7/1945 Germany surrenders

In the Pacific Battle of Coral Sea

Saved Australia from been taken over

Battle of Midway – turning point US planes destroyed Japanese

aircraft carriers US established Naval superiority

New strategy – Island Hopping Capture some Japanese islands and

skip some Effective – able to weaken Japanese

forces

Asian Theatre: The tide turns

The Last Years: Asian Theater Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa

Deadly battles were foresight of what was to come on the main island

Other Options? Atomic bomb?

Reasons for or against?

Hiroshima and Nagasaki (8/6 & 8/9)

Japan surrendered - 8/14

Lesson Learned? Even the casual observer of history can see that America made dramatically different choices after WWII than it had after WWI. Instead of retreating into an isolationist shell American helped build a new world order that would promote peace and stability. Look at the differences:

After WWI Refused to join League of

Nations

Became isolationist. High Tariffs helped to create a depression in Europe.

The Treaty of Versailles ignored Wilson's 14 points and punished Germany.

After WWII America played a leading role in

the creation of the United Nations.

America got seriously involved in European affairs. Rebuilding Europe and Japan helped to stave off a depression.

The treaties signed by Germany and Japan did not strongly punish either nation. America actually rebuilt them. This created long term, positive relationships between the US and these former enemies.

Objectives

Describe the problems faced after World War II.

Explain how these problems led to the Cold War. Describe decisions made at the following

conferences: Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam How did these decisions lead to the Cold War?

The Beginning of a Cold War After WWII

No real peace Political tensions just months after the war

Cold War Ideological conflict b/t the US and USSR Until the 80’s

Problems started during the war In a series of meetings between the Big Three As we discuss the meetings, think about how

they would cause tension.

The Tehran Conference11/1943

Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill: The Big 3 Met to discuss future course of war

Final assault on Germany through France Unconditional surrender

The Big 3 would meet soon in defeated Germany

Soviet forces would liberate Eastern Europe Other Allies would liberate France

The Yalta Conference 2/1945

Big 3 met again Just before Germany’s surrender Both sides were worried about each other

now

Disagreed on free elections FDR favored idea of self-determination / free

elections Stalin did not want to, but agreed

Creation of the United Nations

Germany to be divided into 4 zones Big 3 plus France to occupy and govern

them

The Potsdam Conference (In Germany) 7/1945

Began with mistrust over free elections Truman (replacing Roosevelt

demanded free elections Stalin worried about free elections

Elections prohibit his goal of controlling eastern Europe

Wanted security for USSR Announces no elections

West was worried Did not want to invade

A New Struggle

Capitalism VS Communism West worried

Stalin would lead a worldwide Communist revolution

Soviets worried West would enforce global capitalist expansion

Churchill declared ‘iron curtain’ divided Europe into two hostile areas World wondered if WWIII was going to happen