WORLD WAR II“Germany must either be a world power or there will be no Germany” Adolph Hitler 'Mein Kampf'

World War II: Causes

World War II: Causes•The Treaty of Versailles:

▫Never fully enforced by countries that signed the treaty.

▫Weak peace in Europe.

World War II: Causes•The Treaty of Versailles:

▫Never fully enforced by countries that signed the treaty.

▫Weak peace in Europe.•The League of Nations:

▫U.S. didn’t join

World War II: Causes•The Treaty of Versailles:

▫Never fully enforced by countries that signed the treaty.

▫Weak peace in Europe.•The League of Nations:

▫U.S. didn’t join•Economic Depression in Europe:

▫People lost their jobs and stores had very little to sell.

▫People very scared about their future.

Germany’s role:

Germany’s role:

•The Nazi Party promised jobs, increased services, and military might.

Germany’s role:

•The Nazi Party promised jobs, increased services, and military might.•January 30, 1933: Adolf Hitler appointed

chancellor of Germany

Germany’s role:

•The Nazi Party promised jobs, increased services, and military might.•January 30, 1933: Adolf Hitler appointed

chancellor of Germany▫3/23/33: Enabling Act is passed: gives

Hitler absolute power for 4 years.▫Blames Jews and Gypsies for all of

Germany’s problems.▫Germany needed “Lebensraum” (living

space)

Germany’s role: 1934

Germany’s role: 1934

•6/30/34: Night of the Long Knives: Hitler’s personal guard, the SS, kills about 1,000 people who have “plotted against Hitler”.

Germany’s role: 1934

•6/30/34: Night of the Long Knives: Hitler’s personal guard, the SS, kills about 1,000 people who have “plotted against Hitler”.

•Creates the Gestapo: Secret police.

Germany’s role: 1934

•6/30/34: Night of the Long Knives: Hitler’s personal guard, the SS, kills about 1,000 people who have “plotted against Hitler”.

•Creates the Gestapo: Secret police.•Permanent labor camps are built.

Germany’s role: 1935

Germany’s role: 1935

•January 1935: Saar plebiscite: Saar valley “vote” on whether to be French or German ….. Germany wins the election.

Germany’s role: 1935

•January 1935: Saar plebiscite: Saar valley “vote” on whether to be French or German ….. Germany wins the election. Treaty of Versailles said this should happen!!

Germany’s role: 1936

Germany’s role: 1936

•3/7/36: Hitler sends troops into the Rhineland.

Germany’s role: 1936

•3/7/36: Hitler sends troops into the Rhineland.▫Goes against the Treaty of Versailles!

Germany’s role: 1938

Germany’s role: 1938

•3/11/38: Hitler threatens the Austrian government

Germany’s role: 1938

•3/11/38: Hitler threatens the Austrian government

•3/13/38: The Anschluss: Hitler annexes Austria

Germany’s role: 1938

•3/11/38: Hitler threatens the Austrian government

•3/13/38: The Anschluss: Hitler annexes Austria ▫Goes against the Treaty of Versailles.

Germany’s role: 1938

•3/11/38: Hitler threatens the Austrian government

•3/13/38: The Anschluss: Hitler annexes Austria ▫Goes against the Treaty of Versailles.

•9/29/38: Munich conference (Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France) allows Germany to occupy the Sudetenland (was Czechoslovakia) ▫Policy of appeasement:

Germany’s role: 1939

Germany’s role: 1939

•March 1939: All of Czechoslovakia is occupied by German forces.

Germany’s role: 1939

•March 1939: All of Czechoslovakia is occupied by German forces.

•3/31/39: France and Great Britain guarantee to support Poland.

Germany’s role: 1939

•3/39: All of Czechoslovakia is occupied by German forces.

•3/31/39: France and Great Britain guarantee to support Poland.

•4/7/39: Italy invades and annexes Albania.•8/23/39: Molotov – von Ribbentrop Pact is

signed (Soviet Union and Germany non-aggression pact)

World War II: 1939

•9/1/39: Germany invades Poland.

World War II: 1939

•9/1/39: Germany invades Poland.•9/3/39: Great Britain and France declare

war on Germany.

World War II: 1939

•9/1/39: Germany invades Poland.•9/3/39: Great Britain and France declare

war on Germany.•9/17/39: Soviet Union sends troops to

Poland.

World War II: 1939

•9/1/39: Germany invades Poland.•9/3/39: Great Britain and France declare

war on Germany.•9/17/39: Soviet Union sends troops to

Poland.•9/28/39: Poland surrenders to Germany.

World War II: 1939

•9/1/39: Germany invades Poland.•9/3/39: Great Britain and France declare

war on Germany.•9/17/39: Soviet Union sends troops to

Poland.•9/28/39: Poland surrenders to Germany.•11/30/39 Soviet Union invades Finland.

World War II: 1940

World War II: 1940

•4/9/40: Germany invades Denmark and Norway.▫Denmark surrenders on 4/9 and Norway on

6/9.

World War II: 1940

•4/9/40: Germany invades Denmark and Norway.▫Denmark surrenders on 4/9 and Norway on

6/9.•5/10/40: Germany attacks France, The

Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Belgium.▫Luxembourg surrenders on 5/10, The

Netherlands on 5/14, and Belgium 5/28.

World War II: 1940

•4/9/40: Germany invades Denmark and Norway.▫Denmark surrenders on 4/9 and Norway on

6/9.•5/10/40: Germany attacks France, The

Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Belgium.▫Luxembourg surrenders on 5/10, The

Netherlands on 5/14, and Belgium 5/28.•6/10/40: Italy invades Southern France.

World War II: 1940

•6/22/40: France surrenders.▫Same railroad car is used that was used to

have Germany sign their surrender ending WWI.

World War II: 1940

•6/22/40: France surrenders.▫Same railroad car is used that was used to

have Germany sign their surrender ending WWI.

World War II: 1940

•6/22/40: France surrenders.▫Same railroad car is used that was used to

have Germany sign their surrender ending WWI.

•7/10 to 10/31: Battle of Britain: Ends in German “defeat”.

World War II: 1940

•6/22/40: France surrenders.▫Same railroad car is used that was used to

have Germany sign their surrender ending WWI.

•7/10 to 10/31: Battle of Britain: Ends in German “defeat”.

•9/13/40: Italy invades Egypt.

World War II: 1940

•6/22/40: France surrenders.▫Same railroad car is used that was used to

have Germany sign their surrender ending WWI.

•7/10 to 10/31: Battle of Britain: Ends in German “defeat”.

•9/13/40: Italy invades Egypt.•9/27/40: Germany, Italy, and Japan sign

the Tripartite Pact.

World War II: 1940

•6/22/40: France surrenders.▫Same railroad car is used that was used to

have Germany sign their surrender ending WWI.

•7/10 to 10/31: Battle of Britain: Ends in German “defeat”.

•9/13/40: Italy invades Egypt.•9/27/40: Germany, Italy, and Japan sign

the Tripartite Pact.•10/28/40: Italy invades Greece.

World War II: 1940

•6/22/40: France surrenders.▫Same railroad car is used that was used to have

Germany sign their surrender ending WWI.•7/10 to 10/31: Battle of Britain: Ends in

German “defeat”.•9/13/40: Italy invades Egypt.•9/27/40: Germany, Italy, and Japan sign the

Tripartite Pact.•10/28/40: Italy invades Greece.•11/40: Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania join

the Axis.

World War II: 1941

World War II: 1941

•3/1/41: Bulgaria joins the Axis.

World War II: 1941

•3/1/41: Bulgaria joins the Axis.•4/6/41: Germany, Hungary, and Italy

invade Yugoslavia and Greece.

World War II: 1941

•6/22/41: Operation Barbarosa begins at 3:30 A.M.

World War II: 1941

•6/22/41: Operation Barbarosa begins at 3:30 A.M.▫ Germany invades the Soviet Union with

3 million troops 3,500 tanks More than 7,000 artillery More than 2,000 aircraft

World War II: 1941

•6/22/41: Operation Barbarosa begins at 3:30 A.M.▫ Germany invades the Soviet Union with

3 million troops 3,500 tanks More than 7,000 artillery More than 2,000 aircraft

▫ Goal is Lebensraum (living space) Agricultural areas Mineral resources Established industry

World War II: 1941

•6/22/41: Operation Barbarosa begins at 3:30 A.M.▫ Day 1: 1,600 Soviet planes destroyed.▫ Panzer units (tanks) move 50 miles per

day.

World War II: 1941

•6/22/41: Operation Barbarosa begins at 3:30 A.M.▫ Day 1: 1,600 Soviet planes destroyed.▫ Panzer units (tanks) move 50 miles per

day.•By early December:

▫ German loses = 740,000▫ Soviet loses = 3,000,000 and 3,500,000

captured.

World War II: 1941

•12/7/41: Japan attacks the U.S. at Pearl Harbor Hawaii.

World War II: 1941

•12/7/41: Japan attacks the U.S. at Pearl Harbor Hawaii.

•12/8/41: U.S. declares war on Japan

World War II: 1941

•12/7/41: Japan attacks the U.S. at Pearl Harbor Hawaii.

•12/8/41: U.S. declares war on Japan•12/11/41: All axis powers declare war on

U.S.

World War II: 1942

World War II: 1942

•8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad:

World War II: 1942

•8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad:▫ Stalin refuses to allow retreat (draws a line in

the sand)▫ City doesn’t fall.

World War II: 1942

•8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad:▫ Stalin refuses to allow retreat (draws a line in

the sand)▫ City doesn’t fall.▫ 11/23/42: Soviet troops encircle the German

Sixth Army.

World War II: 1942

•8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad:▫ Stalin refuses to allow retreat (draws a line in

the sand)▫ City doesn’t fall.▫ 11/23/42: Soviet troops encircle the German

Sixth Army.▫ 11/25/42: German general (Von Paulus) pleads

with Hitler to allow negotiations with Stalin.

World War II: 1942

•8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad:▫ Stalin refuses to allow retreat (draws a line in

the sand)▫ City doesn’t fall.▫ 11/23/42: Soviet troops encircle the German

Sixth Army.▫ 11/25/42: German general (Von Paulus) pleads

with Hitler to allow negotiations with Stalin.▫ 1/30/43: Hitler promotes General von Paulus.

World War II: 1942

•8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad:▫ Stalin refuses to allow retreat (draws a line in

the sand)▫ City doesn’t fall.▫ 11/23/42: Soviet troops encircle the German

Sixth Army.▫ 11/25/42: German general (Von Paulus) pleads

with Hitler to allow negotiations with Stalin.▫ 1/30/43: Hitler promotes General von Paulus.▫ 1/31/43: von Paulus surrenders himself, 22

other generals, and 91,000 troops (5,000 live to go home)

World War II: 1942

•8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad:▫ Stalin refuses to allow retreat (draws a line in

the sand)▫ City doesn’t fall.▫ 11/23/42: Soviet troops encircle the German

Sixth Army.▫ 11/25/42: German general (Von Paulus) pleads

with Hitler to allow negotiations with Stalin.▫ 1/30/43: Hitler promotes General von Paulus.▫ 1/31/43: von Paulus surrenders himself, 22

other generals, and 91,000 troops (5,000 live to go home)

▫ 1,700,000 to 2,000,000 dead on both sides.

World War II: 1943

World War II: 1943• 5/13/43: Axis forces in Tunisia surrender

(ends war in Africa).

World War II: 1943• 5/13/43: Axis forces in Tunisia surrender

(ends war in Africa).• 7/5/43: Massive German offensive in Kursk,

Soviet Union.▫ 7/12/43: Largest tank battle ever.

World War II: 1943• 5/13/43: Axis forces in Tunisia surrender

(ends war in Africa).• 7/5/43: Massive German offensive in Kursk,

Soviet Union.▫ 7/12/43: Largest tank battle ever.

• Fall of 1943 Germany is in full retreat on the Eastern front.

World War II: 1943• 5/13/43: Axis forces in Tunisia surrender

(ends war in Africa).• 7/5/43: Massive German offensive in Kursk,

Soviet Union.▫ 7/12/43: Largest tank battle ever.

• Fall of 1943 Germany is in full retreat on the Eastern front.

• 7/25/43: Italian dictator Mussolini overthrown.

World War II: 1943• 5/13/43: Axis forces in Tunisia surrender

(ends war in Africa).• 7/5/43: Massive German offensive in Kursk,

Soviet Union.▫ 7/12/43: Largest tank battle ever.

• Fall of 1943 Germany is in full retreat on the Eastern front.

• 7/25/43: Italian dictator Mussolini overthrown.

• 9/8/43: Italy surrenders to the Allies.▫ Germany immediately sends in troops, frees

Mussolini, and puts him back in charge

World War II: 1943• 5/13/43: Axis forces in Tunisia surrender (ends

war in Africa).• 7/5/43: Massive German offensive in Kursk,

Soviet Union.▫ 7/12/43: Largest tank battle ever.

• Fall of 1943 Germany is in full retreat on the Eastern front.

• 7/25/43: Italian dictator Mussolini overthrown.• 9/8/43: Italy surrenders to the Allies.

▫ Germany immediately sends in troops, frees Mussolini, and puts him back in charge

• 9/9/43: U.S. troops land in Salerno, Italy (near Naples).

World War II: 1944

World War II: 1944

• 1/22/44: U.S. troops land at Anzio, Italy (Rome)

World War II: 1944

• 1/22/44: U.S. troops land at Anzio, Italy (Rome)

• 6/6/44: D-Day – British and U.S. troops land at Normandy, France with 5,000 ships, 11,ooo aircraft, and 2,000,000 troops.

World War II: 1944

• 1/22/44: U.S. troops land at Anzio, Italy (Rome)

• 6/6/44: D-Day – British and U.S. troops land at Normandy, France with 5,000 ships, 11,ooo aircraft, and 2,000,000 troops.

• 7/25/44: Normandy is under allies control.▫Starts the race to Paris.

World War II: 1944

• 1/22/44: U.S. troops land at Anzio, Italy (Rome)

• 6/6/44: D-Day – British and U.S. troops land at Normandy, France with 5,000 ships, 11,ooo aircraft, and 2,000,000 troops.

• 7/25/44: Normandy is under allies control.▫Starts the race to Paris.

• 8/25/44: Paris is liberated.

World War II: 1944

• 1/22/44: U.S. troops land at Anzio, Italy (Rome)

• 6/6/44: D-Day – British and U.S. troops land at Normandy, France with 5,000 ships, 11,ooo aircraft, and 2,000,000 troops.

• 7/25/44: Normandy is under allies control.▫Starts the race to Paris.

• 8/25/44: Paris is liberated.• 12/16/44: Germans launch their final

offensive in the West.

World War II: 1944

• 1/22/44: U.S. troops land at Anzio, Italy (Rome)

• 6/6/44: D-Day – British and U.S. troops land at Normandy, France with 5,000 ships, 11,ooo aircraft, and 2,000,000 troops.

• 7/25/44: Normandy is under allies control.▫Starts the race to Paris.

• 8/25/44: Paris is liberated.• 12/16/44: Germans launch their final

offensive in the West.▫Battle of the Bulge.▫Germany loses and retreats again.

World War II: 1945

World War II: 1945

• 4/16/45: Soviet troops encircle Berlin.

World War II: 1945

• 4/16/45: Soviet troops encircle Berlin.• 4/30/45: Hitler commits suicide.

World War II: 1945

• 4/16/45: Soviet troops encircle Berlin.• 4/30/45: Hitler commits suicide.• 5/7/45: Germany surrenders to the Western

Allies.

World War II: 1945

• 4/16/45: Soviet troops encircle Berlin.• 4/30/45: Hitler commits suicide.• 5/7/45: Germany surrenders to the Western

Allies.• 5/9/45: Germany surrenders to the Soviets.

World War II: 1945• 4/16/45: Soviet troops encircle Berlin.• 4/30/45: Hitler commits suicide.• 5/7/45: Germany surrenders to the Western

Allies.• 5/9/45: Germany surrenders to the Soviets.• 8/6/45: U.S. drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima,

Japan (population 255,000).▫ 75,000 people dead that day.▫ 75,000 more dead within 4 months.

• 8/9/45: U.S. drops atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan (population 240,000).▫ 35,000 people dead that day ▫ 35,000 more dead within 4 months.

• 8/14/45: Japan surrenders ending WWII.

Counting our losses: Allies Mobilized Military

DeadCivilian Dead

Total 1940 Population

USSR 20,000,000 8,700,000 16,900,000 190,000,000

U.S.A. 16,400,000 292,000 132,000,000

France 5,000,000 250,000 170,000 39,000,000

Great Britain

4,700,000 240,000 65,000 48,000,000

Axis:

Germany 10,800,000 3,250,000 2,000,000 70,700,000

Totals:

Allies: 14,170,000 35,597,000

Axis: 5,680,000 3,757,000

The Holocaust

The “End” of the Jewish religion:•4/1/33: Boycott on Jewish run businesses.•9/15/35: Nuremberg laws: Begins to

exclude Jews from public life.•11/9&10/38: Night of the Broken Glass.•Ghettos: All Jews were forced to live in

certain areas of cities.▫Warsaw ghetto = 445,000 Jews in 1941.

The “End” of the Jewish religion:•Concentration Camps:

▫Medical experiments on prisoners Babies taken from their mother to see how

long they would survive without milk.▫Dachau: opened 3/20/33▫Over 1,000 were constructed.▫Treblinka: over 870,000 dead, 100 known

survivors, 150 German staff

The “End” of the Jewish religion:•Death Camps:

▫Chelmno▫Belzec▫Sobibor▫Treblinka▫Auschwitz: over 1,250,000 prisoners killed

Soviet troops found 15,400 pounds of human hair.

▫Majdanek