world war ii
TRANSCRIPT
World War II
Causes, Events, Aftermath
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2
Global
Depression
plagues Interwar
Period
3
Appeasement Helps Lead to World War II
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5
Germans in Sudetenland
Czechoslovakia
6
Start of WW 2
Germany & Russia Invade Poland - 1939
Battles of World War II
Blitzkrieg (1939)• German “lightning war”
• Rapid assault backed by tanks, artillery,
infantry and airmen.
• Invasion of Poland, then throughout Eur.
• France defeated clip
Battle of Britain (summer 1940)
• German air force (Luftwaffe) outnumbers British
(RAF) 4 to 1 in military planes.
• British losing until Hitler changes plans to attack
cities. Airfields + RAF rebuild.
• End Result: Britain wins; remains in the war
Pearl Harbor(Dec. 7, 1941)• Surprise attack by Japanese planes on
Pacific Fleet in Hawaii.
• 4 U.S. battleships sunk
• Result: 2,402 Americans killed;
– U.S. declares war on Japan
Midway (June 1942)• Most important naval battle of the Pacific
Campaign.
• Failed Japanese attempt to finish off U.S. in
the Pacific.
• Japanese fleet destroyed
El Alamein (Oct.-Nov. 1942• Allied Victory & major turning point in the
German North African Campaign.
• Erwin Rommel (desert fox) is defeated and
will move up to Normandy.
Battle of Stalingrad
(Aug. 1942-Feb. 1943)• Successful Soviet defense of Stalingrad
• Turning point on the eastern front.
• Soviets gain initiative, German army
weakened
• Bloodiest of modern day warfare – nearly 2
mill. died.
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Battle of Stalingrad
D-Day (June 6, 1944)• Allies storm beaches of Normandy, France;
– Operation Overlord
• Successfully established a western front
• Led by General Eisenhower; largest amphibious attack
ever.
• 5,000 ships and 13,000 aircraft were used D-Day clip
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Battle of the Bulge
(Dec. 1944 - Jan. 1945)
• Failed German attempt to divide/defeat allied
line on western front & force a peace treaty.
• Decisive Allied victory
• Led to Germany’s final retreat
clipclip2
Germany Surrenders
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- Allies close on
Germany from 2 sides.
- War ends in Europe
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Germany Surrenders
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Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
(August 6 and 9, 1945)
• Hiroshima bombed first; three days later
Nagasaki bombed.
• Reasons:– Avoid high casualties of invasion
– Demonstrate atomic strength to other nations
Japanese Surrender
Sept. 2 1945
• Hostilities of WW 2 over
• U.S./Allied occupation of
Japan begins; ends 1951.
Winston Churchill
British Prime Minister
during WW II; responsible
for British resistance
against German air
assaults.
Dwight D.
EisenhowerSupreme Commander of
Allied forces in Europe
during WW II.
Planned & Commanded
D-Day invasion
Franklin D. Roosevelt
- U.S. President during
most of WW II
- worked with Churchill &
Stalin leading Allies
against Germany &
Japan
Douglas MacArthur- Allied Commander in Pacific
Theatre during WW II
- defeated Japanese in S.
Pacific/Philippines
- Accepted Japanese surrender
Harry S. Truman
- U.S. President 1945-52
-authorized use of atomic
bomb against Japanese
-Truman Doctrine = support
any country resisting
communist aggression.
- developed policy of
“Containment” against
Russia/Communism
Kamikaze
Aerial Japanese suicide bomber.Goal = destroy U.S. warships
Erwin Rommel
“The Desert Fox”- One of Germany’s most respected
military leaders of WW II
- Successfully commanded N.
African campaign until El Alamein
- Commanded D-Day defenses
Iron Curtainmilitary, political, and ideological
barrier established between the
Soviet bloc and western Europe
from 1945 to 1990
Aftermath of World War 2
I. Outcomes of World War 2A. Loss of empires by European Powers
B. Establishment of 2 major powers in the
world: The U.S. and U.S.S.R.
C. War crimes trials
D. Division of Europe; Iron Curtain
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Aftermath of World War 2
E. Establishment of the United Nations
F. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
G. Marshal Plan
H. Formation of North Atlantic Treaty
Organization & Warsaw Pact
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Aftermath of World War 2
I. Efforts for the Reconstruction of Germany
A. Democratic government installed in
West Germany and West Berlin
B. Germany & Berlin divided among 4
Allied powers
C. Emergence of West Germany as
economic power in postwar Europe
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Aftermath of World War 2
II. Efforts for the Reconstruction of Japan
A. United States occupation of Japan
under MacArthur’s administration
B. Democracy and economic development
C. Elimination of Japanese offensive
military capabilities; guarantee of Japan’s
security by the United States
D. Emergence of Japan as dominant
economy in Asia
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Aftermath of World War 2
III. International Cooperative Organizations
A. United Nations
B. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO)
C. Warsaw Pact
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Aftermath of World War 2V. The Universal Declaration of Human
Rights- 1948
A. What is it?
B. Established and adopted by members of
the United Nations
C. Provided a code of conduct for the
treatment of people under the protection of
their government
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Yalta Conference
The Big ThreeChurchill, Roosevelt, Stalin
Feb. 1945 Meeting of Big Three
Goals:
-Post-war Europe
-Partition of Germany
-Borders of Poland
-Russian help w/Japan for lands
given to Russia
-Framework for U.N. and NATO
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Potsdam Conference – July – Aug. 1945
Finalized Post-War Germany
- Different occupation zones
of Germany & Berlin
- Soviet zone & Allied zones
Addressed surrender of Japan
- Ultimatum to Japan for
unconditional surrender
Poland's borders reestablished
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Division of Germany and Berlin
Berlin Blockade
• Soviet Blockade of Berlin began on June 24, 1948
• Road, rail and canal links with West Berlin were cut, hoping to starve them into submission.
Berlin Airlift
• In 11 months, U.S. and British planes airlifted 1.5 million tonsof supplies to the residents of West Berlin.
• On its biggest day, the "Easter
parade" of April 16, 1949, the
airlift sent 1,398 flights into
Berlin -- one every minute.
• After 200,000 flights, in May
1949, the Soviet Union
admitted defeat and lifted the
blockade.
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Nuremberg War Crimes Trials – 1945-49
What: Trials of German war
criminals for their actions before
and during World War 2.
- Aggressive war
- War Crimes
- Crimes against humanity
Result: 11 sentenced to death
by hanging.
- Others received life or
less sentences
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“ From Stettin in the Baltic to
Trieste in the Adriatic an iron
curtain has descended
across the continent…
behind that line lie all the
capitals of the ancient states
of Central and Eastern
Europe” – Winston Churchill -
1946
The Iron Curtain – Capitalism vs.
Communism
The figurative “curtain”/wall between the
capitalist nations of Western Europe and the
communist Soviet Union and Eastern European
states under the control of the Soviets.
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The Iron Curtain
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Timeline of United Nations Action
The United Nations – October 24, 1945 - Present
International governing body
- Resulted from WW 2
- Improvement on LON
- General Assembly &
Security Council – Veto
power
Goals
- International security &
peace
- Address econ., soc.,
humanitarian problems
- Collective organization to
achieve good for the world
46
Universal Declaration of Human RightsEstablished by United Nations – Dec. 10, 1948
- Rights of the individual
- Freedom of thought, conscience, religion
& association
- Social, economic, cultural rights
- “Most Translated Document” in the world
- Adopted in or has influenced most national constitutions
since 1948
-Human Rights Day celebrated each year on Dec. 10th.
“Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set
forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind”
Marshall Plan -1948
-considered one of the most successful foreign policy
initiatives in U.S. history.
- contributed to the containment of the spread of communism.
European Recovery Act- provided 13.3 billion dollars to participating Western European countries and was based on George Marshall’s conviction that economic recovery and stability were vital to the rebuilding of a democratic Europe.
“The U. S. should provide aid to all European nations that
need it. This move is not against any country or doctrine,
but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.”
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UN
NATO
WARSAW
PACT
Organization Mission
Peace keeping organization
(troops). Provide a forum to settle
disputes. Humanitarian aid
Military alliance among W.
European nations and U.S. Pledge
support:
“An attack on one is an attack on all”
Military alliance among E. European
nations and USSR. Pledge support:
Direct response to NATO
Growth of International OrganizationsCold War Impact =
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6 Countries Surrounding Turkey
Greece, Bulgaria, Soviet Union, Iran, Iraq, Syria