world war i was all about the place of germany in europe
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World War I was all about the place of Germany in Europe
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France and Germany hated each other! When Germany became united country in 1870-1, France went to war to try to stop it … but got WHOPPED!
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France also lost Alsace-Lorraine in 1870-1.The French never forgave the Germans.
They wanted REVENGE.
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Germany in the Middle
That made it VULNERABLE if it came to a war.
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Causes of the Great WarCauses of the Great War
Europe @ its peak by 1914Europe @ its peak by 1914
- Industrial Revolution- Industrial Revolution 4 conditions lead to the Great War4 conditions lead to the Great War
- M.A.I.N.- M.A.I.N.1.1. MilitarismMilitarism
2.2. Alliance SystemAlliance System
3.3. ImperialismImperialism
4.4. NationalismNationalism
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ImperialismImperialism
Competition Competition among nations among nations for colonies, for colonies, resources, resources, markets, etc.markets, etc.
GB and France GB and France successful successful while Germ and while Germ and Austria-Austria-Hungary not!Hungary not!
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Imperialism and the Balance of Power
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MilitarismMilitarism Pride in fighting for Pride in fighting for
country, glory, country, glory, heroismheroism
Increased build-up Increased build-up of military spending of military spending & military forces& military forces
1.1. Germany: naval Germany: naval forces to rival forces to rival EnglandEngland
2.2. Increase size of most Increase size of most Euro armiesEuro armies
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Militarism & Arms RaceMilitarism & Arms Race
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br.,
Rus.] in millions of £s.
1910-1914 Increase in Defense
Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany
73%
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NationalismNationalism
Desire of a people to Desire of a people to rule themselvesrule themselves
– Americans vs British Americans vs British (1776)(1776)
– Bosnian Slavs vs AH Bosnian Slavs vs AH (1914)(1914)
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Alliance SystemAlliance System
Triple Alliance 1882Triple Alliance 1882
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Ottoman Empire Italy, and Ottoman Empire
Triple Entente 1907Triple Entente 1907
France, Russia, France, Russia, Great Britain Great Britain
Effect: If two countries have a conflict, this Effect: If two countries have a conflict, this will bring in all of their allies= WORLD will bring in all of their allies= WORLD CONFLICT!CONFLICT!
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Stage is SetStage is Set
Nationalism in Bosnia and SerbiaNationalism in Bosnia and Serbia Competition for BosniaCompetition for Bosnia
– Russia and A-H compete Russia and A-H compete
for control of Balkan Peninsulafor control of Balkan Peninsula– 1908, A-H annexes Bosnia; 1908, A-H annexes Bosnia; – Serbia wants independenceSerbia wants independence
for Bosnia!for Bosnia!– Serbian Nationalists scheme Serbian Nationalists scheme
to assassinate Archduke of to assassinate Archduke of
Austria-Hungary (heir to the Austria-Hungary (heir to the thrown)thrown)
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War Breaks OutWar Breaks Out Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, June 1914June 1914 Serbian Nationalist Group called the Black HandSerbian Nationalist Group called the Black Hand July 5, 1914 Germany issues A-H “blank check” July 5, 1914 Germany issues A-H “blank check”
– pledging military assistance if A-H goes to war against pledging military assistance if A-H goes to war against RussiaRussia
ADFFADFF Gavrilo PrincipGavrilo Princip
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Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?
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TimelineTimeline AH and Germany vs AH and Germany vs
SerbiaSerbia Russia defends Slavic Russia defends Slavic
country of Serbiacountry of Serbia France supports ally France supports ally
Russia Russia Germany invades Germany invades
Belgium (“Belgium is a Belgium (“Belgium is a country, not a road”)country, not a road”)
Belgium gains British Belgium gains British supportsupport
WORLD WAR I Begins WORLD WAR I Begins – July 28, 1914 – July 28, 1914
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Alliances GrowAlliances Grow
Triple Entente Triple Entente “Allied Powers” “Allied Powers”– France, Great Britain, Russia, BelgiumFrance, Great Britain, Russia, Belgium
Triple Alliance Triple Alliance “Central Powers” “Central Powers”– Germany, A-H, Bulgaria, Ottoman Germany, A-H, Bulgaria, Ottoman
EmpireEmpire
Where is the US in all of this?
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What plan do you think What plan do you think Germany had to end the Germany had to end the
war?war?
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““Race to the Sea”Race to the Sea”
Paris then MoscowParis then Moscow von Schlieffen Planvon Schlieffen Plan Belgium. . . BritainBelgium. . . Britain 11stst Battle of the Marne Battle of the Marne
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MobilizationMobilization
Home by Christmas!
No major war in 50 years!
Nationalism!
Home by Christmas!
No major war in 50 years!
Nationalism!
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A Young Australian Recruit
A Young Australian Recruit
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Recruits of the Central PowersRecruits of the Central Powers
Austro-Austro-HungariansHungarians
Austro-Austro-HungariansHungarians
A German Soldier A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Says Farewell to His
MotherMother
A German Soldier A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Says Farewell to His
MotherMother
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New French RecruitsNew French Recruits
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A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier
A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier
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Soldiers Mobilized
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
France Germany Russia Britain
Mil
lio
ns
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Modern WarfareModern Warfare
Stalemate- situation where neither Stalemate- situation where neither side is able to gain the advantageside is able to gain the advantage
Both sides thought quick warBoth sides thought quick war
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Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
Dug themselves Dug themselves into the groundinto the ground
Horrible conditionsHorrible conditions– Dead bodiesDead bodies– RatsRats– LiceLice Trench Fever Trench Fever
Caused the war to Caused the war to drag ondrag on
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US ResponseUS Response
Neutral Neutral Personal involvementPersonal involvement
– Why would a third of the population feel Why would a third of the population feel personally involved?personally involved?
– ¼ German, 1/8 Irish: Didn’t like GB¼ German, 1/8 Irish: Didn’t like GB US opposed Kaiser WilhelmUS opposed Kaiser Wilhelm
– Autocrat: Ruler with unlimited powerAutocrat: Ruler with unlimited power
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US ResponseUS Response
Why would the US stay neutral?Why would the US stay neutral? TradeTrade
– US investment: 3.5 billion US investment: 3.5 billion German ships disrupting tradeGerman ships disrupting trade
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Preparation and PeacePreparation and Peace
GB urged US to prepareGB urged US to prepare– To help aid: supplies or troopsTo help aid: supplies or troops
1914: Patriotic Education1914: Patriotic Education 1915: Gov’t setup camps to train1915: Gov’t setup camps to train 1916: Congress ok’d an increase in 1916: Congress ok’d an increase in
armed forces armed forces PeacePeace
– Progressives, women, CongressProgressives, women, Congress
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ReviewReview
What was US response to the war?What was US response to the war? What did the US do to prepare for the What did the US do to prepare for the
war?war?
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U BoatsU Boats
U-boat- Unterseeboot/submarine U-boat- Unterseeboot/submarine Changed naval warfareChanged naval warfare
– How?How? Passenger and merchant ships Passenger and merchant ships Issued no warning to their targets Issued no warning to their targets
– Americans dislikedAmericans disliked
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LusitaniaLusitania
May 7, 1915- British passenger ship May 7, 1915- British passenger ship – Carrying weaponsCarrying weapons– 1,200 passengers died1,200 passengers died
Media Media – Ran wild with this issueRan wild with this issue
Wilson= patience Wilson= patience – Germany repay the familiesGermany repay the families
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Sussex PledgeSussex Pledge
Germany Germany – Still went after passenger ships w/o Still went after passenger ships w/o
warningwarning US threaten to cut off relations w. US threaten to cut off relations w.
Germ.Germ. Sussex PledgeSussex Pledge
– U Boats warn ships before attackingU Boats warn ships before attacking US gives the Allies a huge loanUS gives the Allies a huge loan
– What does this mean?What does this mean?
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Election of 1916Election of 1916
““He kept us out of war”He kept us out of war” Wilson won a close raceWilson won a close race Germany tested WilsonGermany tested Wilson
– Broke Sussex PledgeBroke Sussex Pledge
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Zimmermann NoteZimmermann Note
Filibuster- Tactic where senators take Filibuster- Tactic where senators take the floor and talk to prevent a vote to the floor and talk to prevent a vote to occuroccur
Zimmermann NoteZimmermann Note– Germany to MexicoGermany to Mexico– Mexico and Wilson took it lightly Mexico and Wilson took it lightly – Inching the US towards warInching the US towards war
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RevolutionRevolution
Russia 1917Russia 1917– GETTING GETTING
CRUSHED!!!!!!!CRUSHED!!!!!!!– 1.8 Million dead, 2.4 1.8 Million dead, 2.4
Mil. POWs, 2.8 mil Mil. POWs, 2.8 mil sick or wounded sick or wounded
– No food or supplies No food or supplies – March 197 Tsar is March 197 Tsar is
outout April 6, 1917April 6, 1917
– US declares warUS declares war