World War I, 1914 - 1918

MAIN CAUSES OF WORLD

WAR I:

M = Militarism

A = Alliance Systems

I = Imperialism

N = Nationalism

Cause # 1 = NATIONALISM - - GERMANY

Prussia started the 1870

Franco-Prussian War in

order to unify the

Lutheran Northern

German states with the

Catholic Southern

German states.

Cause # 1 =

NATIONALISM - -

SERBIA

Eastern Question?

Sick Old Man of

Europe?

The Assassin:

Gavrilo

Princip

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

The Archduke

and his wife

were

assassinated by

the Serbian

nationalist

leader, Gavrilo

Princip.

1878 Congress of Berlin

removed Bulgaria from

Russia & made it

independent!

Cause # 2 = Imperialism

Bosporus Strait

Dardanelles Strait

Fashoda

Incident 1898

Cause # 2 = Imperialism

Cause # 3 = Militarism

Kaiser Wilhelm II started to

build a German Navy. This

set off an arms race with

Britain!

Cause # 4 = Alliance Systems

Triple Alliance 1882

Germany

Austria – Hungary

Italy

Triple Entente 1907

Britain

France

Russia

Pre – World War I Alliance Systems

The

“Spark” that

Caused War!!

The Assassination: Sarajevo

The Assassin:

GavriloPrincip

ALLIES IN WWI CENTRAL POWERS IN WWI

Serbia Guatemala **Austria-Hungary

**Russia Nicaragua **Ottoman Empire

**France Costa Rica Bulgaria

Belgium Haiti **Germany

**Britain Honduras

Montenegro

Japan

**Italy (started in Central Powers)

San Marino

Portugal

Romania

**United States (entered in 1917) (** = major power)

Panama

Greece

Cuba

Thailand

Liberia

China

Brazil

Fighting World War I

The Schlieffen

Plan

Attack & quickly

defeat France. Then

send troops across

Germany on railroad

and attack Russia

before she had time

to mobilize.

The Schlieffen

Plan =

Germany’s Plan

to Win WWI

Soldiers Mobilized

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

France Germany Russia Britain

Mil

lio

ns

The Western

Front:

A “War of

Attrition”

A Multi-Front War

Western Front

The Western Front

Trench warfare

began at the

Battle of the

Marne, in

September of

1914.

Trench Warfare

“No Man’s Land”

Trench Warfare - - Men slept during the day, in underground bunkers that

had rats and lice!!

French

German

Trench Foot

War is

Hell!

World War I Mortar

Gas Attack!!

The Airplane

“Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

The Flying Aces of World War I

Eddie

Rickenbacher, US

Francesco

Barraco, It.

Rene Pauk

Fonck, Fr.

Manfred von

Richtoffen, Ger.

{The “Red

Baron”}

Willy Coppens de

Holthust, Belg.

Eddie “Mick”

Mannoch, Br.

World War I Tank - British

French Renault Tank

Adolf Hitler as WWI Courier

Sacrifices in War

The

Eastern

Front

The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

America

Joins

the

Allies

The Sinking of the Lusitania

U-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

Back to

the

Western

Front

Verdun – February, 1916

German offensive.

Each side had over 500,000 casualties.

The Battle of the Somme – July, 1916

60,000 British soldiers killed in 5 days!

Over 1,000,000 killed in five months.

The Zimmerman Telegram

Pancho Villa Venustiano Carranza

The U.S. had a long history of imperialistic interference in many Latin American

nations. In order to improve relations with Mexico, President Woodrow Wilson tried

to support the most popular Mexican candidate for President in 1915. Wilson first

supported Pancho Villa and then switched to Carranza at the last minute. Carranza

won and Pancho Villa was angry!!

American General John

J. Pershing was sent

into Mexico with 5000

National Guard troops

for the purpose of

finding Pancho Villa.

The Tsar with General Brusilov

Germans arranged for

Vladimir Illich Lenin

to be returned to

Russia via sealed

train car and a

roundabout journey in

1917.

Train Route Lenin Took to Return to

Russia - - With German Assistance

The YanksAre Coming!

Americans in the Trenches

The Zeppelin

Spies

e “Mata Hari”

e Real Name:MargareethaGeertruideZelle

e German Spy!

Poison Gas

Machine Gun

11 a.m., November 11, 1918

The Armistice is Signed!

9,000,000 Dead

The Somme American Cemetary, France

116,516 Americans Died

World War I Casualties

0

1,000,0002,000,000

3,000,0004,000,0005,000,000

6,000,0007,000,000

8,000,0009,000,000

10,000,000Russia

Germany

Austria-Hungary

France

Great Britain

Italy

Turkey

US

FlameThrowers

GrenadeLaunchers

Turkish Genocide Against Armenians

A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

Turkish Genocide Against Armenians

Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey

1914 1922

Erzerum 215,000 1,500

Van 197,000 500

Kharbert 204,000 35,000

Diarbekir 124,000 3,000

Bitlis 220,000 56,000

Sivas 225,000 16,800

Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey

Western Anatolia 371,800 27,000

Cilicia and Northern Syria 309,000 70,000

European Turkey 194,000 163,000

Trapizond District 73,390 15,000

Total 2,133,190 387,800

1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies

50,000,000 –100,000,000 died

Europe in 1914