world war i 12.1 world war i begins. the start cause: the assassination of franz ferdinand
TRANSCRIPT
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World War I
12.1 World War I Begins
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The Start
Cause: The assassination of Franz Ferdinand
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June 1914: The Assassination
• Archduke Ferdinand• - Heir to the throne of Austria-
Hungary• Sympathetic to the Slavic Cause• Visited Sarajevo – capital of Bosnia
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June 1914: The Assassination
• Archduke Ferdinand• Shot by Gavrilo Princip• - Serbian nationalist – member of the
Black Hand• Also killed wife Sophie• Will Cause: The Great War
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Alliance Dominoes
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Alliance Dominoes• Austria-Hungary - declared
war on Serbia• Russia – bound by treaty to
Serbia• - declares war on Austria-
Hungary.
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Alliance Dominoes• Germany – (ally of Austria
Hungary) declares war on Russia and its ally France• - wants Alsace-Lorraine from
France• Germany declares war on
Belgium to attack France
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Alliance Dominoes• Britain – (ally of Belgium and
France) declares war on Germany• Ottoman Empire enters the war
as a Central Power• - Hopes to gain land in the Middle
East
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Allied Powers• Great Britain• France• Russia• Italy – remained neutral until 1915
before joining the Allies• United States – remained neutral
until 1917 before joining the Allies
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Central Powers• Germany• Austria-Hungary• The Ottoman Empire (Turkey)• Bulgaria
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Alliance Dominoes• A local conflict has now ballooned
into a global war….How?• Militarism• Alliances• Imperialism• Nationalism
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The Schlieffen Plan Named for designer Alfred von SchlieffenOffensive and DefensiveBased on idea that Germany could not win on two fronts at same time.
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Original German Military Strategy
• Quickly defeat France on the “Western Front” before Russia can mobilize – 6 weeks• British forces would be stranded and
unable to cross English channel – destroy them• Then turn focus at Russia on the
“Eastern Front”
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The Schlieffen Plan in Action• Germany invaded France through
neutral Belgium (Aug 1914)• =Re-supply and communication
difficult for Germany • Belgian Army defends against
German troops• - Gave French and British forces time
to rush troops to battle
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• Germans able to push Allies back to Marne River (France)• First Battle of Marne• -Allies push advancing Germans back 40
miles• - Germans dig deep trenches• -French dig shallow trenches• By the end of 1914 – War is a potential
stalemate = Trench Warfare