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THE RUNDOWN:There are about 7 billion people on the Earth

right now.

More babies make more babies, who make more babies, who make more babies.

What is going to happen eventually?

NATURAL INCREASE (NATURAL GROWTH)Birthrate - Death rate = Natural

GrowthBurgsville

850 (births per 1000 Burgses per year) – 25 (deaths per 1000 Burgses per

year) =825

Per 1000 Burgses per year

If Bursgville has a population of 10,000, what will be the population of Burgsville be next year?

825 x10 = 8,250

So, my population will be 18,250 next year

THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL

Series1

02468

10

BirthrateDeath ratePopulation

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

The pattern of human settlement

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION: USA

POPULATION DENSITYThe number of people living on a square mile (How

crowded places are)

Population divided by land area

Population/land area

MOVEMENTThere Is migration, but there is also urbanization.

About half of the world lives in cities.

Movement leads to the spread of ideas, and cultures.

Movement leads to globalization.

CULTURE“the way of life of a group of people who share

similar beliefs and customs”

Culture is everything. Culture is everywhere.

What are some examples of culture?

• Food

• Language

• Religion

• Government/Economy

• Social Groups

LANGUAGESharing ideas through language

There are many differences within a single language too

We also communicate with our bodies, and this varies throughout the world

RELIGIONReligion influences aspects of daily life

(moral values)

In many cultures, religion enables people to find a sense of identity

SOCIAL GROUPSIn all cultures, the family is the most important group

Social classes are also social groups (rich, poor, etc.)

The group influences the individual

Ethnic group: people who share a common language, history, place of origin, or a combination of these elements

GOVERNMENT/ECONOMY

The way we spend money tells a lot about ourselves

Think about the Cold War: Capitalism is extremely different to Communism, and they both encompass daily life of a people

We vote for our officials. Our officials reflect our needs/desires. What about in North Korea?

CULTURE REGIONSThe world can be divided into culture regions:

countries that have certain traits in common

Cultural Diffusion: the process of spreading new knowledge from one culture to another

THE FIVE CULTURE HEARTHS

The world’s first five civilizations were:

1. Egypt (Nile Valley)

2. Iraq (Mesopotamia)

3. Pakistan (Indus Valley)

4. China (Huang He Valley)

5. Mexico (Middle America)

They set the stage for all modern civilization today

THREE REVOLUTIONS THAT LEAD TO GLOBALIZATION

The Agricultural Revolution (Farms)

The Industrial Revolution (Factories, engines, cars)

The Information Revolution (Phones, computers, internet)

Now I can talk to my sister in London as if she were in Florida.

Distance hardly matters anymore.

Our cultures are diffusing. What will we look like in 100 years?

POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

Every country and society on Earth has some sort of political and economic systems?

What is the difference between an economic system and a political system?

Political System: answers the question “how is a country governed?”, and “who rules a country and how is it ruled?”

Economic System: answers the question “how is money circulated?”, and “how do we spend our money?”

POLITICAL SYSTEMS: LEVELS OF

GOVERNMENTThere are two levels of government:

Unitary System: gives all key powers

to the national or central government

Federal System: divides the powers of government between the national government and state governments

POLITICAL SYSTEMS: TYPES OF GOVERNMENTSThere are many types of governments, but you have to

know 3:Autocracy: Power of rule belongs to a single individual (North

Korea)

Oligarchy: Power of rule belongs to a small group (China)

Democracy: Citizens vote for their leaders (USA)

POLITICAL SYSTEMS:

TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS

A lot of people have a say in the government

A few people have a say in the government

Autocracy Oligarchy Democracy

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS:

TRADITIONAL ECONOMY

In a Traditional Economy, habit and custom determine the rules for all economic activity.

Example: Back in the day, it was tradition that Inuit hunters would share the food from the hunt to other families in the village.

Traditional economies hardly exist today

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS:

MARKET ECONOMY AND MIXED ECONOMY

In a Market Economy, individuals and private groups make decisions about what to produce.

Example: Capitalism in the United States

In a Mixed Economy, the government supports and regulates free enterprise that affects the market place.

Example: Capitalism in the United States for real (actually)

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: COMMAND ECONOMY

In a command economy, the government owns or directs the means of production.

Communism is intense. There is one political party that controls the government and the country.

Socialism is a much more mild form of communism. Socialism has three goals:

1. Reasonable distribution of wealth opportunity

2. Society’s control, through its government, about public goals

3. Public ownership of essential services and factories

Communist Cuba

Countries like Norway, Sweden, and Finland are Socialist

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS:

MARKET, MIXED, AND COMMAND

The people decidewhat to produce/ howmuch $ to make

The government decideswhat to produce/ how much $ to make

Market Mixed Socialism Communism

RESOURCES, TRADE, AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Natural Resources: Elements from the Earth that are not made by people, but can be used for food and materials

ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

There are 4 Economic Activities:

1.Primary2.Secondary3.Tertiary4.Quaternary

PRIMARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

The most basic, or primary, economic activities in all societies involve the production of foods and the extraction of resources.

What are some examples of economic activities that would

be considered primary?

Do you think a country would be considered more or less developed if it had a HIGH level of primary

economic activities? Explain

your answer.

SECONDARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

The manufacture and production of goods (like making textiles and furniture) is considered the secondary level of economic activity. Secondary economic activities add value to raw materials by processing them or by changing their form.

Examples of secondary economic activities

would be a log being cut into wooden planks and then made

into furniture or iron ore

changed into steel and

then made into rail road

tracks.

What is another example of a secondary

economic activity?

Tertiary Economic Activity

Tertiary economic activities deal with services. Services

include occupations such as a teacher, nurse, doctor, accountant,

retailer, truck driver or musician.

In the US, more than 80% of the labor force are tertiary workers.

They perform some form of service rather than

producing a good.

Is it important that a country has an equal

percentage of people

participating in each level of

economic activity?

Why or why not?

Quaternary Economic Activity

Quaternary activities consist of

those involving information

processing and management.

Occupations in this category would

include computer programmers or

the general manager of a

company.

What countries do you think would have a high level of people employed at the quaternary economic level?

What are some countries that would have low percentages of people employed at the quaternary level?

LET’S SEE WHAT YOU KNOW….

Use your fingers to show whether the image is primary, secondary, tertiary or

quaternary.

Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary

Quaternary

Primary

TERTIARY

Primary

Secondary

Primary

Secondary

TERTIARY

Quaternary

Secondary

Primary

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES VS. DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

D E V E L O P I N G

Subsistence farming and famine

D E V E L O P E D

Technology and manufacturing

WORLD TRADEWe trade with the rest of the world. Ever had non-American

cheese? Or anything else?

Barriers to Trade: Some government add a tax (a tariff) to the price of imported goods. Some governments set a quota. These are barriers to trade

Free Trade: Governments around the world move towards free trade so that can flow freely among countries