World Outlook para o Uso da Tecnologia Trenchless

Dr. Samuel T. Ariaratnam, Ph.D., P.E., P.Eng.

Arizona State University • Tempe, AZ USA

II No-Dig Latin America 2010July 21-22, 2010 • Sao Paulo, Brazil

World Outlook for the Use of Trenchless Technology

Dr. Samuel T. Ariaratnam, Ph.D., P.E., P.Eng.

Arizona State University • Tempe, AZ USA

II No-Dig Latin America 2010July 21-22, 2010 • Sao Paulo, Brazil

195 countries in the world today

What’s down below?

Global Water Facts• 2.2 M people/yr die from illness

caused by contaminated water• Five times more children die from

dirty water and inadequate sanitation than from AIDS

• 1.1 B or one in six people lack access to safe drinking water

• Daily loss of drinking water to line leakage is 4 liters per person worldwide

• In the US, 30-40% of drinking water leaks from pipes before a drop even reaches a single home

Source: Underground Infrastructure Management, Sept/Oct 2007

Estimated Leakage Rates as Percent Loss

EU Jan 2000 and various other sources Note: For illustration purposes only. Leakage rates in % can be misleading.

“The percentage of households with piped or well water on the premises or with flush toilets generally decline with city size.”

United Nations Human Settlements Programme

Developing Countries

• Water and Sanitation

• Poor lack of political clout to initiate change

Foreign Funding Sources

The World Bank Asian Development Bank

Water main

Sewer

Tucson, AZSeptember 7, 2002

Watermain break in Cleveland, OHMarch 5, 2008

South American Market

• South America is expanding and is in need of utilities & gas to support this growth.

• Trenchless market is primed for expansion.

• Pipelines are critical for future economic growth and increasing natural gas exports to become a main energy hub

Barriers

• What is holding back to the use of trenchless methods use in SA?– Lack of education and awareness

– Trained operators and engineers

– Cultural and different languages

– Countries like Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador have no idea of trenchless

– Unwillingness to take risk on new technology

State of Trenchless Applicationsin South America

• Factors forcing the implementation of Trenchless Technology– Mountains– Rivers– Higher water table

• Innovative methods of construction are needed for the pipelines to be installed in such areas

• Many energy producers are turning to HDD method of trenchless construction to install petroleum and natural gas pipelines

South America• Brazil

– Petrobas’ GASTAU project involves 97km of 28” diameter natural gas pipeline between Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro with numerous crossing utilizing auger boring

– Water pipeline program in Campinas to rehabilitate 2.4km using trenchless methods including pipe bursting

• Colombia– Numerous project involving microtunneling, CIPP, and HDD in

Bogota and Medellin

• Venezuela– Various oil & gas pipelines and telecommunications using HDD

North American Market

• New construction in the Western States

• Rehabilitation in the Eastern States

• Telecommunication buildup is on-going

• Energy utilities are strong

• Water/Wastewater condition rated as D-

Percent of Trenchless Market

16.2%22.1%

69.2%

30.9%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

New Construction Rehabilitation

Sewer Water

Courtesy of Underground Construction, Feb 2007

United States• Honolulu, HI

– Currently undergoing a $516USD Million wastewater improvement upgrade program

• Portland, OR– 6.7 m TBM of a 9.5km tunnel as part of a two decade

$1.4USD Billion sewer overflow reduction

• New Orleans, LA– $196USD Million over 5 years to address sewage leaks

• San Francisco, CA– $4.3USD Billion SF Water System Improvement Program.

Microtunneling installation of 1,280m, 96” concrete cylinder pipe at $55.67USD Million

Canada• Alberta, Canada

– Installation of 900mm diameter twin sanitary sewer forcemains 1,350m and 1,200m crossings of the Athabasca River by HDD

• Peace River, Alberta– River crossing installation of 1,100 m, 42” natural gas line

using HDD intersect methods (1.1 M & 160K lb rigs)

• Hamilton, Ontario– Major inspection program for Western Sanitary Intercept

(WSI) using GPR, Sonar, CCTV. Over 1.5km of 1,525mm diameter pipe.

Asian Market

• Utility and pipeline construction in China

• Water rehabilitation in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore

• Sewer rehabilitation and microtunneling/pipe jacking in Japan

• Telecommunications in India employing HDD

Asia• Malaysia

– Major sewer infrastructure projects using microtunneling

– Three TBM’s used on a 44.6 km raw water tunnel

• Sri Lanka– HDD pipeline shore approach and lagoon crossing

• India– Delhi and Jaipur sewerage upgrade programs

– Oil pipeline projects using HDD

Indian Market

• Excellent market for trenchless

• Rapid growth of urban population coupled with urban challenges

• Deterioration of existing infrastructure

Open Sewer in Chennai, India

Taiwan Market

• Watermain- Un-payment Rate: Average 25%- Aged pipe- Varying pipe material

• Sewer - Low connection rate- Industry Park was the main market- Most Metropolis sewer are new

Taipei

Kaohsiung38%

72%Tao-yuan

Hsin-chu

Hua-lienTaichung

Tainan

Cha-yi

Ping-tung

Rate of population ServedDrinking Water: 92%Sanitary Sewer: 15%

Total sewer length: over 14,000 km

Aging sewers:Kuala Lumpur

Georgetown

Seberang Perai

IpohJohorPetaling JayaLabuan

Malaysian Market

Issues in Malaysia

• Large network with little to no maintenance/repair since 1950’s

• Smell of sewerage in river and ditches• Want to be a developed nation by 2030• Increasing urban population• Little education wrt to trenchless construction and

design• Funding of infrastructure renewal/construction

Asia Cont.

• China– Major oil and gas project including 2.6 km West-East gas

pipeline crossing of the Changjiang River using HDD

– $23.3USD Billion West-East gas pipeline project involving the installation of 8,704 km using HDD

– Major tunneling projects in Wuhan, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chengdu

• Singapore– 50 miles of CIPP rehab valued at $18.5USD Million as part of

a major $295USD Million sewer rehab program (2009-14)

Chinese Market

• No National Standards or historical records for payment (unit rates) making estimating difficult

• Poor safe water measures poorly when compared to other developed nations!

• 8-10% unemployment rate in China

Current HDD Market in China

Small-sized

57.9%

Large-sized11.2%

Medium-sized

30.9%

• Total = 5,209 rigs

• Over 30 manufacturers

• Small (<25 t)

• Medium (26 to 50t)

• Large (>51t)

Note: increase in rigs >100t

7th Annual China Trenchless Technology IndustrySurvey and Analysis (Yan Chenwun, 2009)

Hong Kong Water Supplies Dept (WSD) watermain rehabilitation program

• Total length of mains -7,200km

• 3000km to be rehabilitated in 4 stages over a 15 year period

• First stage started in late 2000

• Major construction contracts for approximately 550km of mains are currently being implemented – completion in 2007 to 2010

• HK$3.7 billion (US$477 million) allocated to Stage 1

(Courtesy of Ian Vickridge)

The first wastewater network was built in Singapore in the 1910’s.

The network now consists of:

• 3400 km of sewers• 260 km of pumping (pressure) mains• 130 pumping installations

Conveying used water to 6 wastewater treatment plants

Singapore Market

Pipelines Rehabilitation in SingaporeSewer Rehabilitation• Paya Lebar Catchment (pilot Project) - S$9m (US$5.8m)

From 1993 to1995

• Pulau Saigon Pumping Station - S$11m (US$7.27m)From 1995 to 1997

• 1st phase of sewer rehabilitation Prog - S$160m (US$106m)Implemented in 1997 (420km)

• 2nd phase of sewer rehabilitation Prog – S$110m (US$73m)Implemented in 2001 (350km)

PUB has put about $270 m (US$178m) into rehabilitating 790km of public sewers over the last 10 years

Pipelines Rehabilitation in Singapore

Sewer  Rehabilitation (con’t)

• 3rd phase of Sewer Rehabilitation Programme– From 2006 to 2012 (300km)– sewers prone to exfiltration – S$153m (US$101m)

• Rehabilitation of Sanitary Drainlines (house sewers) inMarina Reservoir Catchment

– From 2006 to 2012 (300km)– S$150m (US$99m)

Australasian Market

• Sewer and watermain rehabilitation

• Telecommunications

• Oil and gas

Australasia Region

• Sydney, Australia – Wastewater project at Sydney Harbour using HDD

• Western Australia– $10.9USD Million relining of mining pipelines

• Auckland, New Zealand– HDD and CIPP projects are currently underway

European Market• Europe is one of the most densely

populated continents– Sometimes the only option is the use

of trenchless technology

• Rapid development in Eastern Europe is promoting the use of trenchless technology– Factors include

• Lower Cost – than traditional dig in urban areas

• Environment – EU has many environmental initiatives in place and no-dig construction is being promoted

• Millions of Euros of contracts are already in place to complete infrastructure improvements of water treatment and distribution and sewer lines

• “European countries would save at least €10B if they developed better locating techniques and made more use of trenchless technologies.”

Jo Parker, UK Civil EngineerExcerpt from Keynote speech at No-Dig 2006 in Brisbane

Background & Demographicsof Europe/European Union

• European Union (EU) (v. Europe the continent)– Political and Economic Union of 27 countries mostly in Europe and

including Scandinavian countries and Eastern states formerly part of USSR-with the possibility of more to join

– the remainder countries are part of Europe (the continent)

• 710 million population on the entire European continent– 7.3% of the world’s population contained on only 3% of the earth

– EU is one of the most densely populated regions in the world

– 80% of the people live in urban areas

• EU has more global cities than any other part of the world– 16 cities in the EU have populations over 1 million

General Economy of EU & Condition of Infrastructure

• Highest GDP globally– 31% of the world’s output

• Budget for 2007-2013 = €864.3 billion (approx. $1.1 trillion)– 30.4% dedicated to infrastructure improvements

• EU trying to bridge huge gaps in infrastructure between developing and newly admitted countries (i.e. eastern countries)

– ‘Structural and Cohesion Funds’ are available to the developing/poorer countries to bring their infrastructure to current EU standard

– Additional budget of €347.4 billion ($436 billion) for 2007-2013

Europe• London, United Kingdom

– £5 Billion water and sewer upgrade by Thames Water

• Russia

– Major gas pipeline construction using HDD including 108 crossing on the Kasimovskoye UGS-Voskresensk CS trunkline

• Sarajevo

– World Bank funded $35USD Million to rehabiltate wastewater infrastructure damaged in conflict

• Amsterdam, Holland

– Sliplining and pipe jacking program at Schipol Airport to repair cracks in sewer pipes under runways

Europe Cont.• Czech Republic

– Pipe jacking of 56m or 1,200mm Hobas pipe and parallel DN1,400mm steel pipe for water

• Aarhus, Denmark– CIPP of 400m sewer pipe with a cross –section of 2 sq.m

• Dalum, Denmark– Pipe jacking 750m of 2.5 and 1.6m pipe to reduce

overflow of combined sewer system

Africa• Microtunneling in Egypt

& Tanzania for sewer/water upgrades

• HDD in Tanzania for natural gas transport

• South Africa has used CIPP, HDD, MT

• Water continues to be a critical issue

Africa•Africa faces an infrastructure financing gap of US$35 billion per year.

•Africa’s infrastructure deficit is hindering economic growth and sustainable development.

•Africa’s growth performance has improved markedly during the last decade. Ten out of 48 countries experienced sustained economic growth in excess of 5 percent for the past three years or longer.

Africa’s Infrastructure

• The limited coverage and high cost of Africa’s infrastructure—even when measured against the modest standard of other low-income countries around the world—are extreme.

• Improved infrastructure can make a critical contribution to sustaining and improving the recent upturn in the continent’s growth performance.

Africa• Tunisia

– HDD activities currently underway

• Durban, South Africa– $205USD Million Asbestos Cement Pipe Replacement

Project involving 1,750km of water pipe replacement using pipe cracking

• Johannesburg, South Africa– $1.7USD Million project involving the installation of multi-

duct pipe (electrical, gas, fibre optic, hot/chilled water) using HDD

Middle East• Among the various Middle-East

countries, the rich Gulf countries are the ones that lack renewable (ie. natural) water the most: Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, implying that these countries offer the greatest opportunities for water infrastructure development.

• Water infrastructure is probably the third most important infrastructural investment in Saudi Arabia for the coming years (US$80B over the next 20 years), after oil and gas, and electricity.

Middle East Region

• Bahrain– National Master Plan for Sanitary Engineering involves the

installation of over 20km of new trunk sewer using microtunneling over the next 20 years

• Egypt– Various trenchless projects using microtunneling and HDD

• Abu Dhabi– Various trenchless projects using HDD

Conclusions

• We are living in a global society

• Population growth necessitates infrastructure investment

• Technological advancements are critical

• Educational initiatives are important in “spreading the word” about trenchless technology and capacity building

• ISTT is seeing continued growth globally

OBRIGADO

Dr. Ariaratnam’sContact Information

Samuel T. Ariaratnam, Ph.D., P.E., P.Eng.Professor, Arizona State UniversityDel E. Webb School of ConstructionSchool of Sustainable Engineering & the Built EnvironmentIra A. Fulton Schools of EngineeringP.O. Box 870204Tempe, Arizona 85287-0204Tel (480) 965-7399Email: ariaratnam@asu.edu