world of insects copy
DESCRIPTION
one of the great material whch can ma entomologist with proper knwledgeTRANSCRIPT
World of InsectsWorld of InsectsCharacteristics, Orders, Characteristics, Orders,
and Collectingand Collecting
What You Should Know What You Should Know About Insects …About Insects …
Taxonomy•Kingdom – Animalia•Phylum – Arthropoda
•Class - Insecta
Insects Are Insects Are ArthropodsArthropods
• Insects are the largest group of Arthropods
• Jointed appendages (bendable)• Segmented bodies• Exoskeleton of Chitin that
must be molted to grow• Related to spiders, ticks,
scorpions, millipedes, crustaceans
MAIN CHARACTERISTICSMAIN CHARACTERISTICS
•Three body regions – head, thorax, and abdomen
•One pair antenna (head)•Six legs or 3 pairs (thorax)•One-two pairs of wings
(thorax)
Count the Legs!Count the Legs!
There are ALWAYS SIXSIX legs, and they are attached to the THORAXTHORAX
AntennaAntenna• One Pair on head• Jointed• Sensory (smell)• Called “feelers”• Filiform most
common shape (segments = size)
• May be modified
FILIFORM
Antenna Modifications
Wings or No WingsWings or No Wings•Most adults have
2 pairs•Called forewings
and hindwings•Some insects are
wingless (silverfish, fleas, some termites and ants)
More on WingsMore on WingsA network of Veins strengthens
wings
MEMBRANEOUS (clear) MEMBRANEOUS (clear) WINGSWINGS
Some Wings Are Covered With Powdery Scales
BUTTERFLIES & MOTHSBUTTERFLIES & MOTHS
Wings May Be ModifiedWings May Be Modified• Order Diptera
(flies)• 2nd pair of
wings modified into HALTERES
• Used for balance
• Makes flies hard to catch!
Beetle WingsBeetle Wings
• Hard Forewing called Elytra• Meet in straight line down the abdomen• Membranous hindwings folded underneath (flight)
ELYTRA
CIRCLECIRCLE THE INSECTSTHE INSECTS
INSECT ORDERSINSECT ORDERS
INSECTS WITH WINGSINSECTS WITH WINGS
Why Can’t I Call All of Why Can’t I Call All of Them Bugs?Them Bugs?
• EVERY BUG EVERY BUG is an insect, but NOT ALL NOT ALL INSECTSINSECTS are bugs!
• True BUGS are in the Order HEMIPTERAHEMIPTERA
• Posterior thorax is Posterior thorax is triangulartriangular; called ; called SCUTELLUMSCUTELLUM
• Last 3Last 3rdrd of wing of wing CLEARCLEAR
Which of these are Which of these are BUGS?BUGS?
ALLALL
More Hemipterans
Assassin Assassin BugBug
Giant Giant Water BugWater Bug Leaf HopperLeaf Hopper
Water BoatmanWater Boatman
ColeopteraColeoptera• Called beetlesbeetles• Tough exoskeletonexoskeleton• Forewings called ElytraElytra•Fly with membranous hindwings•Larva called grubs Rhinoceros Rhinoceros
beetlebeetle
Cucumber Cucumber beetlebeetle
Ladybird beetleLadybird beetle
Ephemeroptera• Called MayfliesMayflies• Juveniles are
aquaticaquatic; called naiadsnaiads
• Adults found near Adults found near water & water & don’t feeddon’t feed
• Adults reproduce & Adults reproduce & die in 24 hoursdie in 24 hours
• SoftSoft bodies with 2 bodies with 2 long long CeriCeri (tail (tail fibers)fibers)
ADULT
NAIAD
Diptera
• Contains mosquitoesmosquitoes & fliesflies
• One pair One pair functional wings
• Club-shaped haltereshalteres for balance
• Bodies often hairyhairy
Green Bottle Green Bottle flyfly
Hover FlyHover Fly
Fruit Fly
Aedes MosquitoAedes Mosquito
Dermaptera• Called earwigsearwigs• Long, flatflat bodies• ForcepsForceps (pincers)
on end of abdomen
• Short, hard Short, hard forewings forewings (membranous wings folded underneath
• Large jaws (mandiblesmandibles) on head
EARWIG EATING EARWIG EATING CATERPILLARCATERPILLAR
PINCERS
Orthoptera• Grasshoppers, Grasshoppers,
locusts, crickets, locusts, crickets, katydidskatydids
• Very longlong bodies• Rear legs modified
for jumpingjumping• Females with egg
laying tube (ovipositor on end of abdomen)
• Often communicate with chirping sounds
Lepidoptera• Moths, butterflies, & Moths, butterflies, &
skippersskippers• SiphoningSiphoning mouthparts
coiled under head• Powdery scales Powdery scales on
wings• Butterflies fold wings
flatflat above body at rest
• MothsMoths are night activenight active• Important plant
pollinators
Neuroptera• LacewingsLacewings• Net veined Net veined
wings• Small, delicate
insects• Long antennaLong antenna• Predators on
other insects• May feed on
nectar
Thysanoptera• ThripsThrips• Two pairs of fringed wingsfringed wings• Feed on plant sapplant sap
Isoptera• TermitesTermites• Live in coloniescolonies• Feed on woodwood• Soft bodies Soft bodies &
short antenna• CastesCastes –
workers, soldiers, kings, and queen
Mecoptera• Scorpion fliesScorpion flies• Last abdominal abdominal
segments curved segments curved like scorpion
• Two pairs of narrow wingsnarrow wings
• Head elongated into a beak beak (rostrum)(rostrum)
• LongLong antenna
Homoptera
• Cicadas, leaf Cicadas, leaf hoppers, hoppers, wingless aphidswingless aphids
• If wings present, held roof like roof like over body & membranousmembranous
• Piercing-suckingPiercing-sucking mouthparts
Aphids
Cicada
Leafhopper
Odonata• Dragonflies & Dragonflies &
damselfliesdamselflies• DragonfliesDragonflies hold
clear wings spread perpendicularperpendicular to body at rest
• DamselfliesDamselflies hold clear wings together over together over abdomenabdomen
Plecoptera
• StonefliesStoneflies• Aquatic Aquatic
nymphsnymphs• Aerial adultsadults
are short livedshort lived• Make
drumming drumming sound sound to find mates
Hymenoptera
• Bees, ants, Bees, ants, waspswasps
• Narrow waiNarrow waist connects thorax & abdomen
• Abdomen Abdomen curved curved downward
• May have stingerstinger on end of abdomen
Carpenter bee
Red ant
Yellow jacket
INSECT ORDERSINSECT ORDERS
WINGLESS INSECTSWINGLESS INSECTS
ThysanuraThysanura• Called Silverfish• Found around
houses or outside under stones or wood
• Fast runners• Damage books• Secretive and
active at night. • Flat, long bodies• Long antennae• Three, long, tail like
appendages
SiphonapteraSiphonaptera
• FleasFleas• EctoparasitesEctoparasites• Bodies
laterally compressed
• Enlarged hind hind jumping legsjumping legs
• Very short antenna
Collembola• Called springtailsspringtails• Small & soft
bodied• FurculaFurcula (jumping
mechanism) on abdomen
• Furcula folds folds under the body under the body at rest
• Found in decaying decaying plant materialplant material
Anoplura• Sucking liceSucking lice• ParasitesParasites of
mammals• Very smallsmall• HeadHead and body body
licelice are examples
• Attracted to children’s fine hair
• Carry disease
Mallophaga• Biting liceBiting lice• External
parasites on birds & birds & mammalsmammals
• Broad head Broad head & flattened body
• Feed on dead skin, feathers, and fur
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
CHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULTCHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULT
IncompleteINCOMPLETEINCOMPLETE
METAMORPHOUMETAMORPHOUSS
Insects change shape gradually!
CompleteCompleteMetamorphosisMetamorphosis
Four stages that all look
different
Amorphic InsectsAmorphic Insects
SpringtailsSpringtailsSilverfishSilverfish
Insects with Insects with CompleteComplete MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
• ColeopteraColeoptera (beetles)• HymenopteraHymenoptera (bees,
ants, wasps)• DipteraDiptera (flies)
LepidopteraLepidoptera (butterflies)
EGG EGG LARVA LARVA PUPA PUPA ADULT ADULT
Insects with Insects with IncompleteIncomplete MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
• SiphonapteraSiphonaptera (fleas)• IsopteraIsoptera (termites)• OrthopteraOrthoptera
(grasshoppers & crickets)
• HemipteraHemiptera (true bugs)• HomopteraHomoptera (cicadas &
hoppers)
EGG EGG NYMPH NYMPH ADULT ADULT
Wings NOT fully
developed