World Malaria Report

Background information

UNICEF

The United Nations Children's Fund was created by the United Nations General Assembly on December 11, 1946, to provide emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that had been devastated by World War II. In 1953, UNICEF became a permanent part of the United Nations System and its name was shortened from the original United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund but it has continued to be known by the popular acronym based on this old name. .

Headquartered in New York City, UNICEF provides long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries.

UNICEF relies on contributions from governments and private donors and UNICEF's total income for 2006 was $2,781,000,000. Governments contribute two thirds of the organization's resources; private groups and some 6 million individuals contribute the rest through the National Committees.

UNICEF's programs emphasize developing community-level services to promote the health and well-being of children. UNICEF was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965 and the Prince of Asturias Award of Concord in 2006.

Mark Allen Young, is a board-certified specialist in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and a licensed acupuncturist. His subspecialty interest is in pain management. He graduated from the Finch University Chicago Medical School, did his residency at the Albert Einstein Montefiore Medical Center, and was recruited to the faculty of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1991.

He is an active member of the Johns Hopkins Physicians and Surgeons Association, and is a past president of the Maryland State Society of PM&R. He also serves as Chairman of the Dept. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at the Maryland Rehabilitation Center at the Maryland State Department of Education. He has authored many professional publications relating to rehabilitation medicine,

which have appeared in JAMA, The New England Journal of Medicine, and the New York Times, among other publications, and he has written and edited four rehabilitation textbooks that have been translated into many foreign languages. He has lectured extensively in this country and abroad. He lives in Baltimore, Maryland.

Words and Expressions

malariaa common tropical disease caused by the bite of

a certain mosquito

eg. Malaria is a kind of disesse, and it can cause death.

mosquito-borne

mosquito: a small flying insect that pricks the skin of people or animals and then drinks blood

-borne: carried as stated

eg. Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease that can both be prevented and treated.

UNICEFUnited Nations International Children’s Emerge

ny Fund

eg. UNICEF is a kind of organization that can give help to the children in malaria disease.

eradicateto completely destroy something

eg. Many tropical diseases have still not been successfully eradicated.

eradication noun.

occasionalhappening from time to time

eg. 1.I get the occasional business trip abroad.

2. There will be occasional showers during the day.

prevalent existing commonly, generally, or widely

eg. Eye diseases are prevalent in some tropical countries.

prophylaxispreventive treatement agsinst disease,etc

eg. I took prophylaxis to prevent malaria every week

insecticidea chemical substance used to kill insects

eg. The farmers use the insecticide to kill all the pests.

protectivegiving protection against harm

eg. 1.All workers must wear protective clothing.

2. Other friends of mine though who did not take those protective measures did get malaria .

parasitea plant or animal that lives on or in another and g

et food from it

eg. The parasite itself is present in so many people and the mosquito can pick up the parasite from one person, go and bite the next person and that person comes down with malaria.

subsidize(of government or large organizations) to pay pa

rt of the costs of something in order to keep prices lower or help an organization

eg. Farmers have been heavily subsidized by the government.

subsidized: adj. being subsidized

eg. In our school you can buy subsidized meals.

intrigueto interest someone greatly

eg. 1. Your story intrigues me greatly.

2. I’m very intrigued by this new idea for saving paper.

fraction A very small piece or amount

eg. We are selling it at a fraction of the original price.

endemicfound regularly in a particular place(used of dise

ases)

eg. This chest disease is endemic among miners in this area.

inroadsmake inroads into:

to take away or use up large amounts of something; to advance into a new area

eg.1. My holiday made terrible inroads into my savings.

2. Their new soft drink is already making inroads into the market.

measlesan infectious illness that gives you a fever and s

mall red sports on your skin(麻疹）

vaccinateto put vaccine into someone’s body as a protecti

on against a disease

Vaccination

eg. He’s had his vaccination against typhoid.

chloroquinean antimalarial drug used to treat malaria and am

ebic dysentery and systemic lupus erythematosus

eg. Choloroquine is a kind a drug which can treat malaria.

advocacygiving of support (to a cause,etc)

eg. She is well known for her advocacy of women’s rights.

interactive(of two or more people or things) interacting

eg. The psychotherapy is carried out in small interactive groups.

fatalisticshowing a belisf in fate

eg. She is never a fatalistic person, so she will never give up in her business.

immunitythe condition in which an organism can resist dis

ease

eg. This vaccine will give you immunity for two years.

macabreshockingly repellent; inspiring horror

eg. He told me many macabre tales of violent murders. I could not sleep well at night.

convulsionsviolent uncontrollable contractions of muscles

eg. The child reacted to the drug by going into convulsions.

anemiaa deficiency of red blood cells

eg. A child gets repeated infections with malaria, he recovers partly and then gets malaria again and it causes very severe anemia.

malnourishednot being provided with adequate nourishment

eg. Don't always eat hamburgers for meals, or else you'll get malnourished.

diarrheafrequent and watery bowel movements; can be a

symptom of infection or food poisoning or colitis or a gastrointestinal tumor

eg. I have diarrhea. I wonder if I ate something bad yesterday.

pneumoniarespiratory disease characterized by inflammatio

n of the lung parenchyma (excluding the bronchi) with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants

eg. 1.The patient caught pneumonia and went out shortly before midnight.

2.He was indebted to her for nursing him through pneumonia.