Unit 3: Land-Based Empires Document-Based Question (DBQ)

Directions: Please use the rubric below as a guide and type your response after the prompt at the end of the documents. Also, please use the graphic organizer below if it helps you to plan your writing. It is not required.

1. Evaluate the extent to which rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate their power in the period circa 1450 to 1750 CE.

Contextualization

describe a broader historical context relevant to the prompt; 3-4 sentences of background information to start your response

1 pt.

Thesis w/ Line of Reasoning

respond to the prompt w/ a historically defensible claim that establishes a line of reasoning; 1-2 sentences; place at end of intro paragraph after context

1 pt.

Evidence from the Documents to Support an Argument

support an argument in response to the prompt using at least 4 documents

- describe content from 2 docs = 1 pt.

- use content from 2 docs to support an argument = +1 pt.

- describe & use content from 4 docs to support an argument = +1 pt.

3 pts.

Additional Outside Evidence

use at least 2 additional pieces of specific historical evidence (beyond that found in the documents) relevant to an argument about the prompt

- use 1-2 sentences to describe an additional piece of evidence = 1 pt.

- use 1-2 sentences to describe a second additional piece of evidence = + 1 pt.

2 pts.

Source Analysis & Evaluation

for at least 2 documents, explain how or why the document’s point of view, historical context, purpose &/or audience is relevant to the argument

- use 1-2 sentences to analyze/evaluate the sourcing of 1 doc = 1 pt.

- use 1-2 sentences to analyze/evaluate the sourcing of a 2nd doc = + 1 pt.

2 pts.

Complexity

use evidence to corroborate, qualify, or modify an argument that addresses the prompt

1 pt.

Optional Planning Graphic Organizer

Prompt (determine the time period & historical thinking skill)

Time Period

(19th c. = 1800s)

Compare/Contrast

Cause/Effect

Change & Continuity Over Time (CCOT)

Document Analysis

Main Ideas & Arguments

Additional Outside Evidence

Sourcing (POV, context, purpose, audience)

Document 1

Document 2

Document 3

Document 4

Document 5

Document Themes/Groupings

Theme:

Document #s:

Topic Sentence:

Theme:

Document #s:

Topic Sentence:

Thesis Statement With Line of Reasoning (1-2 sentences):

Contextualization (3-4 sentences that situate your thesis in a broader historical context):

Additional Evidence Beyond the Documents (identify, explain & connect the evidence to the prompt)

Evidence #1:

Evidence #2:

Sourcing (explain how the POV, context, purpose or audience of the source might influence its use)

Sourcing #1:

Sourcing #2:

Complexity (3-4 sentences that present a different perspective related to the prompt):

1. Evaluate the extent to which rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate their power in the period circa 1450 to 1750 CE.

Document 1

Source: Karen Barkey, Turkish-American historian and sociologist, Empire of Difference: The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective, published in 2008.

“In the context of the Ottoman Empire, toleration [ensured] that, as a rule, non-Muslims would not be persecuted. No doubt, as dhimmis,* according to Islam, they were second-class citizens . . . who endured a healthy dose of daily prejudice. [Nevertheless, the Ottomans tolerated religious and ethnic difference] because it had something to contribute. That is, difference added to the empire; it did not detract from it and, therefore, it was commended. Toleration had a [beneficial] quality; maintaining peace and order was good for imperial life, diversity contributed to imperial welfare. . . .

The Ottoman Empire fared better than did its predecessors or contemporaries [in tolerating religious and ethnic difference] until the beginning of the eighteenth century, largely as a result of its understanding of difference and its resourcefulness in [administrative organization]. It maintained relative peace with its various communities and also ensured that interethnic strife would not occur.”

*Islamic law defines dhimmis as non-Muslim communities living under Muslim political rule

Document 2

Source: Decree issued by the newly established Tokugawa Shogunate concerning the regulation of warrior households, Japan, 1615.

“The greater and lesser daimyo [lords] of the provinces and all their salaried officials must speedily expel any soldiers in their service who have been accused of rebellion or murder. . . . Any repairs to castles in the provinces must be reported to the government of the shogun [ruler of Japan], as well as any new construction, which is strictly forbidden. Walls extending more than a certain distance are a peril to the state. High fortresses and well-dredged moats are the origins of great turmoil. . . . [When reporting for

duty] daimyo with larger estates should not be escorted by more than twenty mounted warriors. Daimyo with smaller estates should reduce their escort proportionally.”

Document 3

The image shows Chinese musketeers, archers, and artillery troops. The Battle of Qurman (1759) was a Qing victory against a coalition of Central Asian Turkic and Mongol forces.

Source: Giuseppe Castiglione, Qing court painter of Italian origin, in collaboration with unidentified Chinese court artists, detail from The Great Victory at Qurman, one of seventeen monumental paintings commissioned by Emperor Qianlong to commemorate the Qing wars of expansion in Central Asia, circa 1760.

Document 4

Source: Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, Flemish Ambassador of the Holy Roman Emperor to the Turkish Sultan’s court in Istanbul during the reign of Suleyman the Magnificent, from The Turkish Letters, 1554.

“At Buda I made my first acquaintance with the Janissaries; this is the name by which the Turks call the infantry of the royal guard. The Turkish state has 12,000 of these troops when the corps is at its full strength. They are scattered through every part of the empire, either to garrison the forts against the enemy, or to protect the Christians and Jews from the violence of the mob. There is no district with any considerable amount of population, no borough or city, which has not a detachment of Janissaries to protect the Christians, Jews, and other helpless people from outrage and wrong.”

Document 5

Source: King James I, English monarch, Speech to Parliament, 1609.

“The state of the monarchy is the supremest thing upon the earth. For kings are not only God's lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon God's throne, but even by God himself they are called gods…. Kings are justly called gods for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of divine power upon earth. For if you will consider the attributes to God, you shall see how they agree in the person of a king. God has power to

create, or destroy, make, or unmake at his pleasure, to give life, or send death, to judge all, and to be judged nor accountable to none; to raise low things, and to make high things low at his pleasure, and to God are both soul and body due. And the like power have kings: they make and unmake their subjects; they have the power of raising and casting down, of life and of death; judges over all their subjects, and in all cases, and yet accountable to none but God only. They have the power to exalt low things and abase high things, and make of their subjects like men at chess: a pawn to take a bishop or a knight, and to cry up or down any of their subjects, as they do their money. And to the king is due both the affection of the soul and the service of the body of his subjects . . . .”