WORLD HISTORY EXAM REVIEW

POWERPOINT 4

IMPERIALISM, WORLD WAR I, INTERWAR PERIOD,

WORLD WAR II, COLD WAR, TERRORISM, MODERN

WORLD

SOUTHEAST ASIA AND AFRICA UNDER THE NEW IMPERIALISM

• UNDER NEW IMPERIALISM, EUROPEAN NATIONS CAME TO RULE VIRTUALLY ALL OF SOUTHEAST AND AFRICA BY 1900.

• EUROPEAN COUNTRIES CONTROLLED THE ECONOMIES AND GOVERNMENTS OF ASIAN COLONIES.

• SOME SOUTHEAST ASIANS RESISTED COLONIAL RULE MORE SUCCESSFULLY THAN OTHERS.

• EUROPEANS USED DIRECT AND INDIRECT RULE TO EXPLOIT AFRICA. RESENTMENT LED TO AFRICAN NATIONALISM

INDIA AND NEW IMPERIALISM

• INDIAN MISTRUST OF THE BRITISH AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES LED TO THE SEPOY MUTINY.

• AFTER THE MUTINY, BRITIAIN STABILIZED INDIA BUT HURT THE ECONOMY AND DEGRADED THE INDIANS.

• RESISTANCE TO BRITISH RULE LED TO AN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT GUIDED BY MOHANDAS GHANDI, WHICH WAS ULTIMATELY SUCCESSFUL.

LATIN AMERICA AND NEW IMPERIALISM

• INSPIRED BY THE AMERICAN AND FRENCH REVOLUTIONS, LATIN AMERICANS STARTED THEIR OWN REVOLTS FOR INDEPENDENCE.

• LATIN AMERICAN NATIONS WROTE CONSTITUTIONS SIMILAR TO THE US CONSTITUTION.

• AFTER GAINING INDEPENDENCE, LATIN AMERICAN NATIONS EXPERIENCED STAGGERING ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL PROBLEMS.

IMPERIALISM TEST PRACTICE1. THE BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY HIRED INDIAN SOLDIERS CALLED ____ TO PROTECT ITS INTERESTS IN

INDIA.

a. CAUDILLOS

b. VICEROYS

c. MESTIZOS

d. SEPOYS

2. A POLITICAL UNIT THAT DEPENDS ON ANOTHER GOVERNMENT FOR PROTECTION IS KNOWN AS…

a. A COLONY

b. AN ANNEX

c. A PROTECTORATE

d. A TERRITORY

3. WHICH FAMOUS LEADER USED NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE TO HELP WIN INDEPENDENCE FOR INDIA?

a. RABINDRANATH TAGORE

b. G.S. AIYAR

c. MOHANDAS GANDHI

d. BALWANTRAO TILAK

4. “EUROPEANS HAVE A MORAL RESPONSIBILITY TO CIVILIZE PRIMITIVE PEOPLE.” THIS STATEMENT BEST EXPRESSES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CONCEPTS?

a. SOCIAL DARWINISM

b. NATIONALISM

c. “WHITE MAN’S BURDEN”

d. THE MONROE DOCTRINE

5. A COMMON PHRASE IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY WAS “THE SUN NEVER SETS ON THE _____ EMPIRE.”

a. SPANISH

b. FRENCH

c. GERMAN

d. BRITISH

6. HOW DID BRITISH TAXES ON SALT CONTRIBUTE TO THE GROWTH OF THE INDIAN NATIONALISM?

a. THE TAX TRIGGERED VIOLENCE AGAINST THE SALT MARCH, WHICH INSPIRED A WIDER CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT IN INDIA.

b. THE RESISTANCE AGAINST THE TAX ON SALT REQUIRED INDIAN NATIONAL FORCES TO STOP THE REBELLION.

c. THE IMPOSITION OF THE TAX DEMONSTRATED THAT INDIA WAS NOT CAPABLE OF SELF-GOVERNMENT DUE TO THE LACK OF NATIVE LEADERSHIP.

d. THE TAX DEMONSTRATED THE ABSOLUTE CONTROL EXERCISED BY THE BRITISH AS COLONIAL RULERS IN INDIA.

TIMELINE OF JAPAN 1850-1910

• 1853 COMMODORE PERRY OF THE US ENDS JAPANESE ISOLATION

• 1868 MEIJI RESTORATION

• 1870S JAPANESE GOVERNMENT DEVELOPS MANUFACTURING AND RAILROAD INDUSTRIES

• 1872 WESTERN DRESS ENFORCED FOR GOVERNMENT CEREMONIES

• 1905 JAPAN WINS THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR

• 1910 JAPAN ANNEXES KOREA

7. WHAT CONCLUSION ABOUT JAPAN IS SUPPORTED BY THE TIMELINE PROVIDED?

a. JAPAN STOPPED FARMING RICE

b. JAPAN INDUSTRIALIZED AND BECAME IMPERIALISTIC

c. JAPAN ENGAGED IN WARS WITH WESTERN EUROPE

d. JAPAN BECAME ECONOMICALLY COMPETITIVE WITH BRITAIN

8. AT THE HEIGHT OF IMPERIALISM, WHICH COUNTRY CONTROLLED TERRITORY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, AFRICA, AND INDIA?

a. FRANCE

b. BRITIAIN

c. PORTUGAL

d. GERMANY

9. ITS PURPOSE WAS TO ALLOW US MERCHANTS AND MILITARY SHIPS TO TRAVEL BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN THE ATLANTIC AND THE PACIFIC OCEANS MORE QUICKLY. WHAT WAS IT?

a. PANCHO VILLA CANAL

b. COLOMBIAN CANAL

c. PANAMA CANAL

d. ROOSEVELT CANAL

ANSWERS1. D

2. C

3. C

4. C

5. D

6. A

7. B

8. B

9. C

• YOU NEED 8 CORRECT TO MAKE AN 85%.

• IF YOU NEED TO PRACTICE THIS TOPIC, IMPERIALISM IS CHAPTER 21 IN THE BLUE TEXTBOOK.

CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I• MAIN (MILITARISM, ALLIANCES, IMPERIALISM, NATIONALISM)

• NATIONALISM CONTRIBUTED TO THE START OF WWI, AS RIVALS COMPETED FOR COLONIES AND TRADE.

• EUROPEAN NATIONS INCREASED THE SIZE OF THEIR MILITARIES, HEIGHTENING EXISTING TENSIONS.

• SERBIA’S DESIRE FOR AN INDEPENDENT STATE ANGERED AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

• ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND WAS THE SPARK THAT BEGAN THE WAR!

REALITY OF MODERN WARFARE (WWI)• TRENCH WARFARE BROUGHT THE WESTERN FRONT (FIGHTING IN FRANCE) TO A STALEMATE UNTIL

NEW ALLIES ENTERED THE WAR.

• TRENCH WARFARE AND NEW TECHNOLOGY CAUSED A DEVASTATING LOSS OF LIFE.

• GOVERNMENTS TOOK CONTROL OF ECONOMIES AND RATIONED CIVILIAN GOODS, AFFECTING ALL CITIZENS.

THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AND WWI

• RUSSIA’S FAILURE IN THE WAR AND WORKER UNREST LED TO THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION IN 1917. (FIRST COMMUNIST REVOLUTION/COMMUNIST NATION EVER!)

• BOLSHEVIK OVERTHROW OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT LED TO A CIVIL WAR AND EVENTUAL COMMUNIST CONTROL. (VLADIMIR LENIN)

• A DEFEATED GERMANY SIGNED AN ARMISTICE WITH THE ALLIES ENDING THE WAR ON NOVEMBER 11, 1918.

• THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES (SIGNED IN 1919) PUNISHED GERMANY, FORMED NEW NATIONS, AND CREATED THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS TO SOLVE INTERNATIONAL PROBLEMS.

INTERWAR (AFTERMATH OF WWI AND GLOBAL DEPRESSION)

• MANY NATIONS WERE UNHAPPY WITH THE PEACE SETTLEMENT AFTER WWI.

• THE CRASH OF THE US STOCK MARKET TRIGGERED A WORLDWIDE FINANCIAL CRISIS AND A GLOBAL DEPRESSION.

• THE GREAT DEPRESSION MADE PEOPLE DOUBT DEMOCRACY AND LOOK TO AUTHORITARIAN LEADERS FOR SIMPLE SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS.

INTERWAR (RISE OF DICTATORS)

• SOME NATIONS IN EUROPE REPLACED DEMOCRACY WITH TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENTS.

• MUSSOLINI’S FASCIST REGIME IN ITALY CONTROLLED CITIZENS WITH MASS PROPAGANDA.

• IN THE SOVIET UNION, STALIN GAINED CONTROL OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY, ARRESTING OR KILLING THOSE WHO OPPOSED HIM.

• LOSSES IN WWI AND ECONOMIC DEVASTATION LED TO POLITICAL STRUGGLES IN GERMANY.

• HITLER’S NAZI PARTY CREATED A TOTALITARIAN STATE BASED ON RACISM AND GERMAN NATIONALISM.

• THE NAZIS FORCED THEIR WILL THROUGH SECRET POLICE AND CONCENTRATION CAMPS.

INTERWAR (NATIONALISM)

• THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE ENDED AFTER WWI.

• MODERNIZATION AND NATIONALISM MOVEMENTS HELPED TURKEY, IRAN, AND SAUDI ARABIA BECAME MODERN STATES.

• NATIONALISM LED TO AFRICANS AND ASIANS SEEKING INDEPENDENCE FROM COLONIAL RULE.

• JAPAN MOVED FROM A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT TO A MILITARISTIC STATE.

• THE GREAT DEPRESSION DEVASTATED LATIN AMERICA’S ECONOMY AND CREATED INSTABILITY.

THE BEGINNING OF WWII

• NAZI GERMANY BEGAN AN AGGRESSIVE POLICY OF EXPANSION.

• AFTER GERMANY INVADED POLAND, BRITAIN AND FRANCE DECLARED WAR ON GERMANY.

• SEEKING ACCESS TO NATURAL RESOURCES, JAPAN SEIZED MANCHURIA FROM NORTH CHINA.

• JAPAN LAUNCHED A SURPRISE ATTACK ON UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN COLONIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA IN 1940-1941.

THE COURSE OF WWII

• THE GERMAN BLITZKRIEG SUBDUED MUCH OF WESTERN AND CENTRAL EUROPE, BUT GERMANY COULD NOT DEFEAT BRITAIN OR RUSSIA.

• THE JAPANESE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR IN 1941 BROUGHT THE US INTO THE WAR.

• THE GRAND ALLIANCE FORCED AN UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER OF THE AXIS POWERS IN 1945.

• AFTER THE WAR, POLITICAL TENSIONS BETWEEN THE US AND THE SOVIET UNION LED TO THE COLD WAR.

LIVES AFFECTED BY WWII

• GERMANY AND JAPAN FORCED PEOPLE OF CONQUERED NATIONS TO LABOR FOR THEIR WAR EFFORT.

• HITLER’S EXTREMIST RACIAL VIEWS LED TO THE HOLOCAUST AND DEATH OF MILLIONS.

• CIVILIANS WORKED IN WAR FACTORIES AND ENDURED SHORTAGES.

• BOMBINGS TARGETED CIVILIANS AS WELL AS THE MILITARY.

• FIRST USE OF ATOMIC WEAPONS BY THE US ON HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI

• ALMOST 20 MILLION CIVILIANS DIED IN THE WAR.

WWI, INTERWAR, WWII TEST PRACTICE1. IDEAS THAT ARE SPREAD TO INFLUENCE PUBLIC OPINION FOR OR AGAINST A CAUSE ARE KNOWN

AS…

a. AD CAMPAIGNS

b. BROCHURES

c. PROPAGANDA

d. NEWSLETTERS

2. GERMANY HAD TO MAKE ____ TO COVER THE COSTS OF WORLD WAR I.

a. REPARATIONS

b. CREDIT CARD PURCHASES.

c. DEBTS

d. BORDER CHANGES

3. TO INCREASE THE SIZE OF THEIR ARMIES, MANY WESTERN COUNTRIES ESTABLISHED WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?

a. A VOLUNTARY ENLISTMENT PROGRAM

b. THEIR IMPERIALISTIC GOALS

c. A CONSCRIPTION PROGRAM

d. THE SCHLIEFFEN PLAN

4. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST DESCRIBES THE GOAL OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS?

a. TO SETTLE INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES AND AVOID WAR

b. TO ENFORCE THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

c. TO CONTROL GERMANY’S EVER-INCREASING INFLATION

d. TO FORCE THE UNITED STATES TO ENGAGE IN WORLD AFFAIRS

5. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING POLITICAL LEADERS LED THE ITALIAN FASCIST MOVEMENT?

a. LENIN

b. MUSSOLINI

c. TROSTKY

d. HITLER

6. THE TERM FOR A PERIOD OF LOW ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND RISING UNEMPLOYMENT IS…

a. COLLECTIVIZATION

b. INFLATION

c. DEFICIT SPENDING

d. DEPRESSION

7. THE TERM FOR THE DELIBERATE MASS MURDER OF A PARTICULAR RACIAL, POLITICAL, OR CULTURAL GROUP IS…

a. PATRICIDE

b. SUICIDE

c. HOMICIDE

d. GENOCIDE

8. AS A FORM OF PROTEST, MOHANDAS GANDHI ADVOCATED _____, OR THE REFUSAL TO OBEY LAWS CONSIDERED TO BE UNJUST.

a. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

b. EXTRATERRITORIALITY

c. CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

d. GUERILLA TACTICS

INTERNATIONAL VIOLENCE BEFORE WWII

• JAPAN INVADES MANCHURIA 1931

• ITALY INVADES ETHIOPIA 1935

• JAPAN INVADES CHINA 1937

• GERMANY ANNEXES CZECHOSLAVAKIA 1939

• GERMANY INVADES POLAND 1939

9. USING THE INFORMATION PROVIDED, WHICH HISTORICAL CONCLUSION CAN BE DRAWN ABOUT THE CAUSE OF WORLD WAR II?

A. MILITARY ALLIANCES CREATED MANY OBLIGATIONS TO ENGAGE IN WARS.

B. THE NAZI PARTY DOMINATED POLITICS IN MANY EUROPEAN NATIONS.

C. THE UNITED NATIONS WAS TOO WEAK TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF TOTALITARIANISM.

D. SOME NATIONS WERE AGGRESSIVE AND IMPERIALISTIC IN THEIR EFFORTS TO EXPAND.

10.GERMANY USED A “LIGHTNING WAR” OR ____ TO GAIN CONTROL OF POLAND.

a. LUFTWAFFE

b. TRENCH WARFARE

c. BLITZKRIEG

d. LEBENSRAUM

11.THE PERIOD OF POLITICAL TENSIONS BETWEEN THE US AND THE SOVIET UNION FOLLOWING WORLD WAR II WAS KNOWN AS THE

a. GREAT DEPRESSION

b. DOCTRINE OF AGGRESSION

c. POSTDAM AGREEMENT

d. COLD WAR

12.WHAT POLICY ATTEMPTED TO SATISFY THE REASONABLE DEMANDS OF DISSATISFIED POWERS?

a. EASEMENT

b. APPEASEMENT

c. ISOLATIONISM

d. COLONIZATION

13.WHICH COUNTRY DID HITLER INVADE IN 1939, LAUNCHING WORLD WAR II?

a. DENMARK

b. FRANCE

c. POLAND

d. GREECE

14.WHAT HAPPENED TO MANY JAPANESE AMERICANS IN CALIFORNIA DURING WORLD WAR II?

a. THEY WERE REMOVED FROM THEIR HOMES AND INTERNED IN CAMPS.

b. THEY WERE FORCED TO RETURN IN DISGRACE TO JAPAN.

c. THEY WERE FORCED INTO MILITARY SERVICE AND SENT TO THE FRONT LINES.

d. THEY WERE ALL ASSUMED TO BE SPIES AND WERE PUT ON TRIAL.

ANSWERS1. C

2. A

3. C

4. A

5. B

6. D

7. D

8. C

9. D

10.C11.D

12.B13.C14.A

To make an 85%, you need 12 correct!

World War I, INTERWAR, AND WORLD WAR II ARE IN CHAPTERS 23-26 IN THE BLUE TEXTBOOK!

POLITICAL DIVISION AND CONFLICT DURING THE COLD WAR

• THE US AND THE SOVIET UNION BECAME FIERCE POLITICAL RIVALS.

• THE US PROVIDED AID TO COUNTRIES THREATENED BY COMMUNIST EXPANSION.

• EACH SIDE FORMED ALLIANCES:

• NATO—US AND ITS ALLIES

• WARSAW PACT—SOVIET UNION AND ITS ALLIES

• POLITICAL DIVISION LED TO A GROWING ARMS RACE, THE BERLIN WALL AND THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS

THE SOVIET UNION AND EASTERN EUROPE DURING THE COLD WAR

• IT ITS ECONOMY, THE SOVIET UNION EMPHASIZED HEAVY INDUSTRY, BENEFITTING THE MILITARY OVER AVERAGE CITIZENS.

• STALIN RULED BY REPRESSION AND POLITICAL TERROR.

• KHRUSHCHEV TRIED TO INCREASE FARM AND CONSUMER PRODUCTS, BUT HIS POLICIES FAILED.

• THE SOVIET UNION GAINED CONTROL OVER MUCH OF EASTERN EUROPE.

• SATELLITE STATES

• COMMUNIST BLOC

WESTERN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA DURING THE COLD WAR

• ECONOMIC AID FROM THE MARSHALL PLAN HELPED WESTERN EUROPE RECOVER FROM THE DEVASTATION OF WAR.

• SIX NATIONS FORMED THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY.

• IN THE UNITED STATES, COLD WAR TENSIONS LED TO WAR IN KOREA AND THE RED SCARE.

• POLICY OF CONTAINMENT

• NEW TECHNOLOGY AND CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLES CHANGED SOCIETY.

ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CHANGE IN THE SOVIET UNION AND EASTERN EUROPE

• GORBACHEV’S REFORMS HELPED TO END THE COLD WAR AND BREAK UP THE SOVIET UNION.

• GLASNOST AND PERESTROIKA

• COMMUNIST REGIMES IN EASTERN EUROPE ENDED AS THE LOSS OF SOVIET SUPPORT LED TO REVOLUTIONS.

• ETHNIC TENSIONS IN YUGOSLAVIA LED TO CONFLICTS IN BOSNIA AND KOSOVO.

• ENERGY RESOURCES SUPPORT RUSSIA’S ECONOMY, BUT IT STILL FACES MANY ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS.

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ISSUES IN WESTERN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA

• US PRESIDENT NIXON RESIGNED AFTER THE WATERGATE SCANDAL

• AFTER REUNIFICATION, GERMANY FACED THE COST OF REBUILDING THE ECONOMY OF EASTERN GERMANY.

• THE EC BECAME THE EUROPEAN UNION, AND MOST MEMBERS ADOPTED A COMMON CURRENCY (THE EURO).

1945-PRESENT TEST PRACTICE1. HOW DID MIKHAIL GORBACHEV’S POLICIES OF GLASNOST AND PERESTROIKA AFFECT THE SOVIET UNION?

a. THE POWER OF THE SOVIET UNION’S COMMUNIST PARTY WAS STRENGTHENED.

b. MANY SOVIET CITIZENS DEMANDED MORE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL FREEDOM.

c. SOVIET POWERS WERE CENTRALIZED UNDER A TOTALITARIAN DICTATOR.

d. THE SOVIET UNION INCREASED ITS INFLUENCE IN THE NATIONS OF EASTERN EUROPE.

2. TO KEEP COMMUNISM WITHIN ITS EXISTING BOUNDARIES, THE UNITED STATES FOLLOWED A POLICY OF

a. ENCROACHMENT

b. SOCIALISM

c. COLONIZATION

d. CONTAINMENT

20TH CENTURY INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS

• BERLIN BLOCKADE 1948

• CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS 1962

• BREZHNEV DOCTRINE 1968

3. HOW DID THE DEVELOPMENTS PROVIDED AFFECT INTERNATIONAL POLITICS?

a. THEY INSPIRED THE CREATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS.

b. THEY INTENSIFIED COLD WAR CONFLICTS AND TENSIONS

c. THEY STARTED COOPERATION BETWEEN THE US AND THE FORMER SOVIET UNION

d. THEY REPRESENTED GLOBAL PREFERENCE FOR DEMOCRATIC VALUES, INSTITUTIONS, AND GOVERNMENTS.

4. MIKHAIL GORBACHEV BASED HIS RADICAL REFORMS ON ___, OR RESTRUCTURING.

A. INTIFADA

B. GENETROIKA

C. RESTIFADA

D. PERESTROIKA

5. WHAT CAUSED THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION?

A. ASSASSINATION OF LEONID BREZHNEV, INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN

B. EFFICIENT CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, STRONG ECONOMY

C. VLADIMIR PUTIN’S REFORMS, ABUNDANT NATURAL RESOURCES

D. WEAK ECONOMY, INEFFICIENT CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, GORBACHEV’S REFORMS, AND NATIONALISM

6. THE TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION HAS CONTRIBUTED TO _____, OR THE PROCESS BY WHICH PEOPLE AND NATIONS ARE MORE INTEREDEPENDENT.

A. SECULARIZATION

B. SUSTAINABLE GOVERNMENT

C. BIOTERRORISM

D. GLOBALIZATION

ANSWERS1. B

2. D

3. B

4. D

5. D

6. D

TO MAKE AN 85%, YOU NEED 5 CORRECT!

CHAPTERS 27-32 IN THE TEXTBOOK