World History: Europe

By Anastas Kanaris and Chris Polidoro

Technology and Environmental Transformations ( to 600 CE)

Chapters 1, 4 and 5

Theme 1: Interaction Between Humans and the Environment

Homo erectus Europe Southern Europe to Northern

Stayed settled Agriculture spawn Domesticated animals Neolithic revolution

Agricultural development Hunters, fishermen, foragers Bronze Age

Theme 2: Development and Interaction of Cultures

Greek/Roman religions gods

Aristotle/Cicero moderation/balance

Socrates conventional wisdom

Geometry/anatomy important Roman engineering Arts/literature Zoroastrianism Olympic games Greek sculptures, architecture, plays Romans rarely surpassed Greeks

Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion and Conflict

Roman/Greek Empire Greek city-states

Polis Aristocratic rule Despite democracy No single style (Greece)

democracy most famous Governments supported official religion

tolerated others Loyalty state

uniform principles

Theme 4: Creation, Expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems

Greeks/Romans farmers Commercial agriculture

Private merchants Grain trade

Also extensive trade Slavery=important

Military/household tasks/outside work Women in business Greek trading network Roman goods traded-(China/India)

Theme 5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures

Mostly Farmers Landlords squeeze farmers to low class Slavery=important social institution Family tight social structure

men in firm control Women had great influence/power in

house Still subordinate to men

Society lagged behind China/India Status of women better than China

Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 CE-1450 CE)

Chapters 9,10 and 15

Theme 1: Interaction Between Humans and the Environment

Slavic Europe West: agriculture suffered 9th Century

3 field system Increase yields

Horse Collars Move to Urban Areas Began Commercial Network

spread of diseases

Theme 2: Development and Interaction of Cultures

Byzantine Empire Origin in 4th Century Benefitted from Hellenistic World Culture Exchange

Kievan Rus Russia separate from Europe development Feudal Europe Benefitted from Catholic Church Widespread Commercial Network Crusades Problems b/w East/West Great Schism

Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion and Conflict

Justinian Attempt re-conquer W. land

Successors concentrated on defense Long decline Crusaders sacked Constantinople Ottoman Turks conquer (1453) Kiev- Captured by Tatars European expansion Conflict in West… Crusades

Theme 4: Creation, Expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems

Byz- Depended on countryside control Regulated trade/food Peasants food/taxes Widespread Commercial Network Italians took away from Byzantines Russia- Kiev=commercial center Medieval Europe: Self Sufficient Agricultural Advancements

Theme 5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures

Feudalism Monarch-Vassal-Knight-Serf To control large territories Church above all Cities encouraged lay groups

Global Interactions (1450 CE-1750 CE)

Chapters 16, 17 and 18

Theme 1: Interaction Between Humans and the Environment

Technological improvements Sail Atlantic Improved metalwork techniques Improved navigational skills Printing Colombian exchange

food, disease, people International spread of disease Many deaths Major population increases

Theme 2: Development and Interaction of Cultures

Renaissance Secular topics Religion declined (Deism) Humanism

Changed styles art/sculpture Writers mixed themes Northern rulers art patrons Replaced Gothic Catholic Reformation

Challenged Catholicism Protestant groups

Lutheran, Anglican, Calvinism, Jesuits Religious wars

Major science advances Literacy became widespread

Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion and Conflict

Atlantic exploration Overseas empires Carve up Africa

Gained profits Commercial Revolution Rebellionssocial tension Science revolution new government Frederick the Great Monarchs gained new powers French centralized authority

formed a bureaucracy/military Absolute monarchy Louis XIV Territorial expansion Parliamentary regimes Politically divided/at war

Theme 4: Creation, Expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems

Dominated economy Producers/suppliers

Africa =slave supplier Merchants/manufacturers profited Commercialization spurred Trading companies Agricultural regions Mass consumerism Agricultural methods improved

New World crops increased supply Agricultural advances spurred manufacturing

Household production Economic change growing population Manufacturing jobs

Theme 5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures

European-style family Intensified linksfamilies/individual

property holdings Later marriage

form of birth control New rural/urban proletariat

Suffered from increased food prices Popular protest Witchcraft hysteria Longer lives

Industrialization & Global Integration (1750 CE-1900 CE)

Chapters 23, 24 and 27

Theme 1: Interaction Between Humans and the Environment

Technological Improvements Industrial Revolution Weapon improvements Population Stabilized Urban Growth continuation

Theme 2: Development and Interaction of Cultures

Shift to Land Empires in Asia Dutch in Java British in India

Forced Trade Philosophies

Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion and Conflict

Governments=Monarchies Revolutionaries break monarchy

Some democratic republics Russia: immense social strain British, French, Dutch empires Nationalism Revolution Pattern

Started in US liberal rights/religious freedom.

Women wanted = Revolution spread Constitutions sought Manorialism terminated Aristocrats declined in power

Theme 4: Creation, Expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems

Mercantilism Changed economic policies

Trade w/ Asia altered Serfs emancipated

Theme 5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures

Proletariat class developed Youthful independence grew

Sexual behavior altered Free but not free (Serfs)

Accelerating Global Change & Realignments ( 1900 CE-Present)

Chapters 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, and 36

Theme 1: Interaction Between Humans and the Environment

New household technologies Limit migration Europe

Had become multinational Major war/fighting upgrade

Blitzkrieg Machine guns Atomic weapons

Environmental damage Agricultural production problems Debate focal points

Green movement Environmental issues

Forced industrialization Environmental disaster (Soviet Union) Diseases

Industrial skills/labor policies AIDS Western Europe

Theme 2: Development and Interaction of Cultures

Art, films, literature Modern art

Scientific advances Genetics, space (sputnik)

New household technologies Consumer culture expansion Popular culture European “Americanization” Sexual experimentation Adoption of Western culture

Worldwide homogeneity NationalismSoviet Union Religious freedom restricted Literature spread Promoted science Collapse of communism Back to Orthodox Christianity

Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion and Conflict

World War I World War II Cold War End of empires Spread to democracy

Theme 4: Creation, Expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems

Great Depression Industrialization continued

Weaponry Space race (USSR)

Euro Current economy

Theme 5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures

Women voting Peasant issues (after WW1) Middle class link rulers/military Jews/communists killed(1930s)

Concentration camps New work women Middle class leisure 1940s crime increases More marriages Higher education gains Divorce/birth control Marriage/children later ages Maternal care replaced Men and women 100% =