World HistoryWorld History

Chapter SixChapter Six

Section ThreeSection Three

Peoples of North AmericaPeoples of North America

• Lived by hunting and gathering• Farming spreads north from Mesoamerica

to North America• Hohokam – farmed in the desert between

the Salt and Gila rivers• Created irrigation system of canals to

bring water to fields• Built temple mounds and ball courts

similar to those in Mesoamerica

AnasaziAnasazi

• Lived in four corners region of the U.S.• Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah• Built housing in the side of cliffs• Mesa Verde – in Colorado – had 200

rooms and used ladders to reach the fields above and canyon floors below

• Built pueblos – free standing houses that were several levels high, connected by doorways and ladders

Pueblo BonitoPueblo Bonito

• Largest Anasazi freestanding adobe building

• 800 rooms, 3000 people, five stories high

• Plaza was in the center of bldg. – in the middle they dug their kiva – underground chamber built for religious rituals

• Droughts and war weakened the Pueblo

• Descendents still live in the SW today

EasternEastern

• Adena and Hopewell – built large mounds of earth – some were burial sites, others were platforms for temples, defensive walls

• Cone shaped, oval, animal shaped• Traded with other peoples – conch from

the gulf, grizzly bear teeth and obsidian from the Rocky mountains, copper from the Great Lakes

CahokiaCahokia

• The Mississippians built large earth works in the SE

• Cahokia was their greatest center in present day Illinois housed 20,000 people

• 120 large mounds with houses on them• Natchez – carried on the Mississippians legacy –

known for their worship of the sun• Their ruler, the Great Sun, absolute power• Ruler and family lived on the largest mound and

society was divided into castes, Top = suns

InuitInuit

• Inuit = Eskimo

• Lived in small groups, hunted, fished,

• Used them for food, tools, clothes, oil

• Used kayaks, dog sleds

• Built ice homes – igloos or sod houses that were partially underground

NorthwestNorthwest

• People in the Northwest had plenty of natural resources

• Rivers had salmon, Pacific ocean had fish and mammals

• Deer, wolves, bears• Made homes of wood• Traded surplus and held a potlatch – in

which a high member of society gave gifts to large amounts of people

IroquoisIroquois

• Northeast – NY• Many bands of Indians that all spoke the

same language• Cleared land, women farmed, men hunted

and fought wars• Iroquois league founded by Dekanawidah• Alliance between five Iroquois nations,

Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca – known as five nations

Iroquois LeagueIroquois League

• Did not always keep peace even though that was its purpose

• Best organized political group north of Mexico• Nations governed their own villages but they met

to discuss large issues • Only men on the council• Each tribe had a “clan mother” who could name

or remove a council member• Iroquois league emerged when the Europeans

came