World HistoryWorld HistoryChapter 11-The French Chapter 11-The French

Revolution Revolution Section 3- Dawn of a New EraSection 3- Dawn of a New Era

Terms/NamesTerms/Names conscription-conscription- the draft the draft coup d’etat-coup d’etat- quick seizure of power quick seizure of power Jacobins-Jacobins- extreme radicals extreme radicals Girondists-Girondists- moderates moderates Napoleon Bonaparte-Napoleon Bonaparte- Emperor of Emperor of

FranceFrance Prussia-Prussia- European country fighting European country fighting

revolutionariesrevolutionaries Valmy-Valmy- victory site for French victory site for French

Revolutionaries which halted the Revolutionaries which halted the armies of the European monarch.armies of the European monarch.

Committee of Public Safety-Committee of Public Safety- Convened by national Convention to Convened by national Convention to direct wardirect war

August 1792August 1792:: Austrian & PrussianAustrian & Prussian armies armies

marched toward Paris.marched toward Paris. City Workers (Radicals) took City Workers (Radicals) took

over the government & made over the government & made France a France a RepublicRepublic & formed the & formed the National ConventionNational Convention..

Sept 1792Sept 1792: Revolutionaries : Revolutionaries defeat European powers at defeat European powers at Valmy & save the revolutionValmy & save the revolution

Sept 1792-1795Sept 1792-1795: : National National ConventionConvention-- met & passed met & passed reforms.reforms.

Radicals who took over Radicals who took over National National AssemblyAssembly

Wrote first democratic Wrote first democratic constitutionconstitution– all males could voteall males could vote– power in hands of National power in hands of National

LegislatureLegislature Tried & executed Tried & executed Louis XVILouis XVI Established French Established French RepublicRepublic

National Convention con’tNational Convention con’t Created the Created the metric systemmetric system Political Divisions within National Political Divisions within National

Convention:Convention:– Jacobins- radicals; defenders of the Jacobins- radicals; defenders of the

revolution; leader- revolution; leader- RobespierreRobespierre; voice of the ; voice of the people (sans culottes); sat at the back of people (sans culottes); sat at the back of the hall on high benches (mountain).the hall on high benches (mountain).

Girondists- Girondists- moderatesmoderates; wanted to ; wanted to protect wealthy middle class; felt protect wealthy middle class; felt revolution had gone far enough.revolution had gone far enough.

The Plain-The Plain- in middle; undecided in middle; undecided deputies but were majority in deputies but were majority in convention came to support the convention came to support the mountain.mountain.

January 1793January 1793: European monarchs : European monarchs form an alliance against form an alliance against revolutionaries in France. revolutionaries in France. Revolutionaries try to spread Revolutionaries try to spread Revolution everywhere.Revolution everywhere.

Summer of 1793Summer of 1793: : Committee of Public Committee of Public SafetySafety- direct the war; adopted - direct the war; adopted conscription to raise an army.conscription to raise an army.

July 1793July 1793: : Reign of Terror-Reign of Terror- Jacobins Jacobins try to crush all opposition to their try to crush all opposition to their plans. Committee of Public Safety plans. Committee of Public Safety ruled France. Robespierre ruled ruled France. Robespierre ruled Committee. Robespierre & other Committee. Robespierre & other radicals executed anyone thought to radicals executed anyone thought to be against the Revolution.be against the Revolution.

July 1794July 1794: : Reign of TerrorReign of Terror ends. Wave of ends. Wave of killing turned the people against killing turned the people against Robespierre & he was executed. Jacobins Robespierre & he was executed. Jacobins lose power. Middle class takes control of lose power. Middle class takes control of Convention.Convention.

17951795: Convention writes a constitution favoring : Convention writes a constitution favoring the wealthy. Only land owning males could vote. the wealthy. Only land owning males could vote. Set up a 5 man council called Set up a 5 man council called The DirectoryThe Directory to to rule with a 2 house legislature. Created many rule with a 2 house legislature. Created many problems. People looked to army for leadership.problems. People looked to army for leadership.

17991799: : NapoleonNapoleon seizes power seizes power (coup d’etat) from Directory & (coup d’etat) from Directory & declares himself declares himself Emperor of Emperor of FranceFrance..

Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte: General in : General in the French army; defeated the the French army; defeated the Austrians; & protected the Austrians; & protected the Directory against an uprising.Directory against an uprising.

Conditions in France that made Conditions in France that made his rise to power possible:his rise to power possible:

food shortagesfood shortages rising pricesrising prices growing gap between rich & poorgrowing gap between rich & poor financial problemsfinancial problems scandals among directorsscandals among directorsRevolution ends. Empire begins.Revolution ends. Empire begins.

ResultsResults Ideas of the Ideas of the EnlightmentEnlightment

continue to influence people continue to influence people around the world.around the world.

Brings about the decline of the Brings about the decline of the absolute rulersabsolute rulers of Europe. of Europe.

Guillotine: Guillotine: http://inventors.about.com/od/http://inventors.about.com/od/

gstartinventions/a/Guillotine.htm gstartinventions/a/Guillotine.htm

Madame Tussaud’s Madame Tussaud’s http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=5ovo2YP94zw v=5ovo2YP94zw