world health threats. aim: what diseases cause the most deaths along the dtm? do now: predict which...
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WORLD HEALTH THREATS
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AIM: WHAT DISEASES CAUSE THE MOST DEATHS ALONG THE DTM?
• DO NOW: Predict which kinds of diseases would be most prevalent for each of the following stages along the DTM • Stage 1&2• Stage 3&4• Stage 5
• SWBAT define the epidemiologic transition and identify the diseases correlated with stages of the DTM
• SWBAT identify the types of diffusion used to spread disease
• Evaluate whether stage 5 will see a resurgence of diseases
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KEY TERMS
• Epidemic Transition: distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition • Pandemic: disease that occurs over a wide
geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the pop
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STAGE 1: PESTILENCE AND FAMINE
• Infectious/Parasitic diseases=main causes of death• Ex: Black Plague/Bubonic Plague in the 1300s• 1/2 Europe’s population dies
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Q: WHAT TYPE(S) OF DIFFUSION?
• Hearth: Kyrgyzstan • First it diffused to an Italian trading post when a
Tartar army attacked• Then, it diffused to Europe when Italians fled
carrying rat infested ships• In Europe it spread from the coast to inland
towns, and then to rural areas
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STAGE 2: RECEDING PANDEMICS
• Industrial Revolution overall reduces disease rates• Improvements in sanitation, nutrition, medicine
• At first, though rates were especially high among poor people in the city• EX: Cholera • ½ million deaths in NYC in 1832
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DR. SNOW MAPS CHOLERA
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STAGE 3: DEGENERATIVE/HUMAN CREATED DISEASES
• Decrease in infectious deaths; increase in chronic disorders (usually from aging). • Cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks• Cancer
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STAGE 4: DELAYED DEGENERATIVE DISEASE
• Major causes of death (cancer/ cardiovascular diseases) persist, but people live longer due to medical advancements • Cancer treatments • Bypass operations • Reduced tobacco use• Better diet
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STAGE 5: REEMERGENCE OF INFECTIOUS/PARASITIC DISEASES
• Controversial! • Possible
reemergence due to• Evolution of
antibiotics • Antibiotic resistant
viruses
• Poverty• Improved Travel • Anti-vaxxers (recent
trend)
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• “I would advise any new parent to roll their child on the floor of the New York subway” –Chris Mason, geneticist at Cornell
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“NEW” INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• H1N1/Swine Flu• Global diffusion matched airline travel patterns • Hearth: Mexico
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AIDS
• 90% of people living with HIV are in LDCs• Sub-Saharan Africa • 1/10th population, but 2/3rds of all HIV population