WORLD DRUG REPORT

2005

50%

30%

5%

0%

20%

40%

60%

Alcohol Tobacco Illicit drugs

in %

of p

opul

atio

n ag

e 15

-64

Annual prevalence of the use of psychoactive substances at the global level (2003)

non-controlled substances controlled substances

144.1

24.2

14.0 13.5 9.2

146.2

29.6

13.3 15.2 9.2

160.1

26.2

13.7 15.9 10.64.5 8.3 7.9

0.3%0.4%0.3%0.2%

0.6%

4.0%

0

40

80

120

160

200

Cannab

is

Amphetamine

s

Ecstasy

Cocaine

Opiates

Heroin

mill

ion

peop

le

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

in %

of p

opul

atio

n ag

e 15

-64

Drug use in the late 1990s

Drug use in 2001/02

Drug use in 2003

Annual prevalence of drug use at the global level

Treatment demand in 2003

9%

6%

73%

12%

Cannabis

Opiates

Amphetamine-typestimulants

Cocaine-type

Others

No data available

ASIA*EUROPE*

N. AMERICA*

S. AMERICA*AFRICA*

OCEANIA*

*Unweighted average oftreatment demand (2001-2003)in Canada, Mexico and the USA.

*Unweighted average oftreatment demand in 26countries of South America,Central America and theCaribbean, 1998-2003.

*Unweighted average oftreatment demand in 37European countries in1999-2003.

*Unweighted average oftreatment demand in 24African countries in1995 - 2003.

*Unweighted average oftreatment demand inAustralia and New Zealand1998-2003.

*Unweighted average oftreatment demand in34 Asian countries &territories in 1997-2003.

1

%7%

22%

61%

10%

32.5%

0.4% cocaine

29.7%

23.9%

13.4%

63.8%

9.5%10.5%

23.9%

6.3%

62.3%

6%

14%

8.5%

9.2%62.5%

12.9%

8.2%

16.4%45.1%

11.7%39.7%

9.5%10.6%

58.5%16.6%

24.1%

0.5% ATS0.4% O

piates

Source: UNODC, Annual Reports Questionnaire Data / DELTA.

Opiates

Global opium production (in metric tons), 1990-2004

5,6205,764

4,691

1,596

4,4914,765 4,850

+2%

-16%

Global opium production (in metric tons), 2002-2004

Trafficking in heroin and morphine, 2003

Production: 477 mt in 2003565 mt in 2004

Abuse of opiates, 2003 (or latest year available)

0.8%0.5%

Global abuse of opiates: opiates: 0.4% of which heroin: 0.3 %

0.5%0.4%

0.4%

0.1%

0.3%0.2%

0.4%0.2%

0.2%

0.2%

Cocaine

Potential cocaine production (in metric tons), 1990-2004

930

687

925

-26%674

+2%

Potential cocaine production (2002 - 2004)Potential cocaine production (in % of global total)

Cocaine trafficking, 2003

Production: 674 mt in 2003687 mt in 2004

Use of cocaine (2003)

2.3%

0.8%

1.0%

0.2%

0.1%

0.9%

< 0.1%

annual prevalence at global level: 0.3% of pop. age 15-64

Changes in the use of cocaine, 2003

USA: -50% since mid 1980s

Cannabis

Cannabis herb trafficking, 2003

Production estimate: 42,000 mt

Cannabis resin trafficking, 2003

Production estimate: 7,400 mt

Use of cannabis, 2003

15.8%

10.2%

8%

5.6%

2.9%

2.2%

annual prevalence at global level: 4.0% of pop. age 15-64

Changes in cannabis use, 2003

ATS

Trafficking in ATS (excluding ecstasy), 2003

Production estimate: 332 mt

Use of amphetamines in 2003

annual prevalence at global level: 0.6% of pop. age 15-64

3.1%

1.1%

0.7%

0.5%

0.5%

0.4%

Changes in consumption of amphetamines, 2003

Trafficking of Ecstasy (MDA, MDEA, MDMA), 2003

Production estimate: 90 mt

Use of ecstasy in 2003

3.1%

0.9%0.8 %

0.2 % 0.05%0.03%

0.1%

annual prevalence at global level: 0.2% of pop. age 15-64

Changes in ecstasy use, 2003

HIV/AIDS and Drugs

HIV/AIDS prevalence (%) among injecting drug users (1998- 2003)

IDU-related HIV/AIDS spreading along trafficking routes, 2003 (data for 1996 in brackets)

Sources: EuroHIV, HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe End -year report 2003, November 2004; UNODC, DELTA.

Value of Illicit Drug Markets

Size of global illicit drug market in 2003

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

Producer level Wholesale level Retail level

billi

on U

S$

Gross profit at retail level

Gross profit at wholesale level

12.8

94.0 wholesale value

321.6 retail value

Illicit drugs *compared to export values of agricultural commodities in 2003

Size of illicit drug markets in 2003

1.2 0.5

8.8

0.7 0.6 1.0

20.6 18.810.4

6.8 7.7

64.870.5

113.1

28.8 28.3

16.1

29.7

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

Opiates Cocaine Cannabis herb Cannabis resin Amphetamines Ecstasy

billi

on U

S-$

producer-level wholesale-level retail-level

Global Illicit Drug Index

Creating a global Illicit Drug Index (IDI):Objective:Create a comparative measure of a country’s (regions’) drug problem that will enable comparisons across countries (regions) and over time.

Challenges:- Overcome the substance boundary: Diversity of drugs and effects (How to compare cannabis with heroin?)

- Overcome the sectorial boundary: Diversity of illegal activities (production, trafficking, consumption).

Rationale and methodology:The IDI measures the contribution of a country (region) to the world’s drug problem. The larger illicit drug production, trafficking and abuse, the more serious – it is assumed - is a country’s drug problem. The Global Illicit Drug Index is the (unweighted) composite of three sub-indices which reflect the situation of a country/region in terms of the harm created through drug production, drug trafficking and drug abuse.

Components:Production sub-indexProduction in tons, converted into consumer doses, multiplied by a ‘harm factor’ to arrive at production of a virtual drug Trafficking sub-indexTotal trafficking is defined as: global production less seizuresDistribution • Seizures (converted into doses and multiplied by the ‘harm factor’)• Reports of origin, transit and destination of drugs (weighted by the seizures of reporting

countries, converted into doses and multiplied by the ‘harm factor’ )Abuse sub-indexNumber of consumers of specific drugs, multiplied by average annual consumption;Results are transformed into doses and multiplied by the ‘harm-factor’ Harm factorused for making different drugs comparable, was derived from • treatment demand per 100,000 drug users• IDU related to drugs• toxicity of drugs• drug related deaths for 100,000 drug usersIllicit Drug Index:Aggregate of ‘production sub-index’, ‘trafficking sub-index’ and ‘abuse sub-index’.

4.6

Global average = 1

2.5

2.2

1.7

1.31.2

1.1

1.1

1.10.7

0.7

0.5

0.5

0.40.2

0.3

Illicit Drug Index, per capita, by sub-region

0.00 11.36 22.72 34.08 45.44 56.80

Near & Middle E as t/S outh-Wes t As iaS outh AmericaNorth America

OceaniaCentral As ia & Trans caucas ian countries

Wes t & Central E uropeS outheas t E urope

E as t E uropeCaribbean

Central AmericaNorth Africa

S outhern AfricaE as t & S outh-E as t As ia

Wes t & Central AfricaS outh As iaE as t Africa

P roduction

T rafficking

Abuse

0.00 11.36 22.72 34.08 45.44 5

Near & Middle Eas t /S outh-Wes t As iaS outh AmericaNorth America

OceaniaCentral As ia & Trans caucas ian countries

Wes t & Central EuropeSoutheas t Europe

Eas t EuropeCaribbean

Central AmericaNorth Africa

Southern AfricaEas t & South-Eas t As ia

Wes t & Central AfricaSouth As iaEas t Africa

Opiates

Coca

CannabisATS

Illicit Drug Index (per capita) - dimensions of the problem

ATS10%

Opiates56%Coca

22%

Cannabis12%

WORLD DRUG REPORT

2005