World Civilization

Quarter 3 Common Assessment

Describe/define the following terms:Cheka, Fascism, and Isolationism Cheka: Russian secret police. Helped Lenin

gain control of Russia using terror tactics against the enemy.

Fascism: A political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule.

Isolationism: A policy of avoiding political or military involvement with other countries.

Describe/define the following terms:The Great Purge, Appeasement, and the Rape of Nanking/Nanjing The Great Purge: A campaign of terror in the Soviet Union

during the 1930s, in which Joseph Stalin sought to eliminate all Communist Party members and other citizens who threatened his power.

Appeasement: The making of concessions to an aggressor in order to avoid war. Used by Britain and France to try and avoid war with Germany in the build up to WWII.

Rape of Nanking/Nanjing: After the invasion of China by Japan, Japanese soldiers killed tens of thousands of captured soldiers and civilians.

Describe/define the following terms:Blitzkrieg, Atlantic Charter and Island Hopping

Blitzkrieg: “Lightning War,” German strategy.

Atlantic Charter: Agreement between Churchill (England) and Roosevelt (U.S.). Would serve as the Allies’ peace plan at the end of WWII.

Island Hopping: Strategy used by MacArthur (U.S.) in the Pacific of seizing islands that were not well defended but were closer to Japan.

Communism-Fascism Comparison

COMMUNISM FASCISM & COMMUNISM FASCISM

Differences Similarities Differences

1. Wants a classless worker society: all proletariat or all peasants2. Internationalists: “Workers of the world unite!”3. Communist Party rules4. Command economy-centrally planned by the gov’t for the good of the people.5. Limited/no private ownership of the factors of production.Examples: USSR People’s Republic of China

1. Both are ruled by authoritarians/dictators2. 1 party rule3. Both denied individual civil rights 4. State is supreme authority5. Not a democracy6. Usually has a charismatic leader/demagogue7. aggressive/ militaristic8. Censorship, indoctrination, secret police are all used as a means of control9. Economic functions are controlled by the state corporations

1. Did not seek a classless society. Each class has its place & function: --aristocrats & industrialists --war veterans --lower middle class --lower class2. Nationalists: their nation FIRST3. Dominant controlling party 4. Capitalistic5. Private ownership/state is the biggest customerExamples: In the 1930s & 1940s --Italy(Fascism) --Spain --Germany(Nazism)Now: North Korea

Both Communism and Fascism produce totalitarian governments

Identify the following people/events/terms:Mussolini, Emperor Hirohito and Axis Powers

Mussolini: Fascist leader of Italy who formed a military alliance with Germany during WWII (part of Axis powers).

Emperor Hirohito: Figurehead leader of Japan (note: military leaders held power).

Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Identify the following people/events/terms:Allies, Genocide, and Dwight D. Eisenhower Allies: Great Britain (England), United

States, and USSR, France & China Genocide: The systematic killing of an

entire people. Dwight D. Eisenhower: Supreme Commander

of Allied forces in Europe and leader of the D-Day invasion.

Why were totalitarian governments able to rise after World War I? Totalitarian governments had the support

of the people because they wanted to see change.

The major economies of Europe were bankrupt.

High inflation. Weakness of coalition governments.

How did Russia’s participation in World War I affect its empire? Russia experienced severe economic

hardships because of the war, which eventually resulted in the downfall of the czar (and the rise of Communism).

List the causes of the Russian Revolution. Bloody Sunday. Rapid industrialization. Military and economic costs of WWI.

What event was a direct result of the Russian Revolution?

Russia pulled out of World War I (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk).

Which authors make up the “Lost Generation?” Ernest Hemingway. F. Scott Fitzgerald.

List the various traits of totalitarianism. Police terror. Indoctrination. Propaganda and Censorship. Religious or Ethnic Persecution.

Economic results of WWI Severe economic depression in European

countries!

Why were Mussolini and Hitler able to gain power in their nations?

They used Terror tactics against their opponents.

Identify which countries were acquiring territory during the 1930s. Japan Manchuria and China. Germany Rhineland, Austria,

Sudetenland, and Czechoslovakia. Italy Ethiopia (1935) and Albania.

Note: All three countries (Japan, Germany, and Italy) wanted to expand their empire.

Why did Germany, Japan, and Italy want to expand prior to World War II? Pride (Mussolini Ethiopia), Unification of

German people (Hitler), and economic expansion (Japan, Italy, and Germany).

How did appeasement and isolationism add to the outbreak of World War II? Appeasement strengthened Hitler’s power

and prestige. Appeasement also encouraged Hitler to

conquer more land because other nations did not try to stop him or avoided political ties to countries in need (isolationism).

"He was given a choice between war and dishonor. He chose dishonor and he will have war anyway."

Why did Germany sign a non-aggression treaty with Russia? So Germany could invade Poland without

Soviet opposition. Russia also wanted to take part of Poland

for themselves.

List the causes of WWII. German invasion of Poland caused Britain

and France to declare war on Germany. Bombing of Pearl Harbor caused the U.S.

to enter WWII. Rise of Totalitarian leaders (Hitler and

Mussolini).

The defeat of what nation remained a priority to the nations of the U.S. and Great Britain?

GERMANY!

What was the significance and outcome of the following battles: Battle of Stalingrad, Battle of the Bulge, and the Battle of Midway? Battle of Stalingrad: Battle between Russia and

Germany, eventually won by Russia (at the cost of over 1 million soldiers!). Put Germans on the defensive. A decisive factor in the German defeat was the harsh winter.

Battle of the Bulge: Battle between the United States and Germany, won by the United States. Was the last German offensive.

Battle of Midway: Battle between the United States and Japan, won by the United States. Turned the tide of the war in the Pacific (in the U.S.’s favor).

Where were the atomic bombs dropped? Hiroshima. Nagasaki.

In what order were the Axis powers defeated? Italy, Germany, and then Japan.

What ideas were presented by Hitler in his book Mein Kampf? Germans were the “master race.” Other

races were inferior (especially Jews). The Versailles Treaty was an outrage, and

he (Hitler) vowed to regain lost land. Germany needed more living space

(lebensraum). He (Hitler) would conquer eastern Europe and Russia.

Why was Kristallnacht significant? It marked a major step-up in the Nazi

policy of Jewish persecution. Jewish homes and businesses were destroyed.

List the events of the Holocaust. What was the goal of the Final Solution? 1.Nuremberg Laws (1935): deprived Jews of their

rights to German citizenship and forbade marriages between Jews and non-Jews.

2.Kristallnacht (1938): See question #21. 3.Ghettos (post Kristallnacht): Segregated Jewish

areas, sealed off with barbed wire and stone walls.

4.Final Solution: A program of genocide, the systematic killing of an entire people (people the Nazis considered inferior).

5.Liberation: Freeing Jews from the camps.

What three crimes were Nazi leaders charged with during the Nuremberg Trials?

Waging a war of aggression. Committing “crimes against humanity.” Violating the laws of war.

Describe Europe and Japan after WWII. What did the cities look like? How was the government and military different?

Cities were in ruin. Large civilian and military losses. Political discontent and change. Military expansion forbidden New Japanese constitution was created using the

ideas of the U.S. Constitution (political power rested with the people).

This statement reflects the British belief that what policy would prevent another war? “My good friends, for the second time in

our history, a British Prime Minister has returned from Germany bringing peace with honor. I believe that it is peace for our time…Go home and get a nice quiet sleep.

Neville Chamberlain, April 30, 1938 APPEASEMENT

What source did the post World War II Japanese Constitution use for these ideas?

We , the Japanese people…determine that we shall secure for ourselves and our posterity…and the blessings of liberty throughout the land…

The U.S. Constitution