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World Bank

Addendum to Bekasi Landfill Gas Project – Social Due Diligence Final Report 31 October 2007 www.erm.com

Delivering sustainable solutions in a more competitive world

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http://www.erm.com/

PT. ERM Indonesia Wisma Aldiron Dirgantara, 2nd Floor Jl. Gatot Subroto kav. 238-239Jakarta 12870 Indonesia Telephone +62 21 7918 1904Facsimile +62 21 7918 1905Website: www.erm.com

Client World Bank

Report No

Summary Addendum to Bekasi Landfill Gas Project –Social Due Diligence Final Report

Date

31 October 2007

Approved by Karlheinz Spitz President Director Indonesia

Revision Description By Checked Approved Date

This report has been prepared by Environmental Resources Management with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the Contract with the client, incorporating our General Terms and Conditions of Business and taking account of the resources devoted to it by agreement with the client. We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect or any matters outside the scope of the above. This report is confidential to the client and we accept no responsibility of whatsoever nature to any third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies upon the report at their own risk.

Distribution

Internal

Public

Confidential

Delivering sustainable solutions in a more competitive world

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2007

i

CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 1-1

2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMMUNITIES AROUND THE SUMUR BATU LANDFILL 2-1

2.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMMUNITIES AROUND THE LANDFILL 2-1

2.2 EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN SCAVEGERS 2-6 2.3 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 2-8 2.4 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND COMMUNICATION PROCESS 2-10 2.5 GRIEVANCE MECHANISM 2-12

3 LANDFILL EXPANSION 3-1

4 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 4-1


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TABLES

Table 2.1 Scavenger Activities Around Sumur Batu Landfill 2-2 Table 2.2 Number of Student Based on the Data in August 2007 2-7 Table 2.3 Type of Illness Percentage at Bantargebang Puskesmas 2-9 Table 2.4 Proposed Environmental Impact Control Plan 2-13 Table 3.1 Activities and Land Expansion Plan 3-2 Table 3.2 Land Expansion Location Map at Sumur Batu Landfill 3-3

FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Location of Scavenger’s Inhabitants at Sumur Batu Landfill 2-3 Figure 2.2 Mechanism of Waste Collecting by Scavengers 2-5 Figure 2.3 Tunas Muslim and Tunas Mulia School Activities 2-7 Figure 2.4 Dinamika Indonesia Foundation School at Ciketing Udik 2-8


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1 INTRODUCTION

The Sumur Batu landfill is located at the Sumur Batu area, a subdistrict of Bantargebang, Bekasi city. It is approximately 13 km from the center of Bekasi city. According to the land use in the spatial planning of Bekasi city, besides a waste disposal area, Bantargebang is also utilized for settlements and industrial areas. Therefore, factories and housing area are commonly seen along the way to the landfill.

To the south of Sumur Batu landfill is the Bantargebang landfill is 123 hectares of land owned by the local government of DKI Jakarta. Bantargebang landfill consists of 3 areas, which are Ciketing Udik, Cikiwul and Sumur Batu. Approximately 2 km to the west is the Burangkeng landfill owned by the Government of Bekasi District which applies the open dumping system. There are no scavengers activities in Burangkeng landfill due to the mostly orgaic composition of the waste. Burangkeng landfill is located in Bekasi District area.

The Sumur Batu landfill is owned by the Bekasi City Goverment. It has a total area of 10 hectares and is divided into 3 parts: an office area, a leachate pond and a waste disposal area. The waste disposal area is divided into 4 cells. Cell I and II no longer receive waste. Waste is currently disposed of to cell III and IV.

The Sumur Batu landfill sit on an aluvium plateau with 0 – 2 % slope approximatley 22m above sea level. The flow pattern is parallel to the slope along the northeast. The reasons for selecting Sumur Batu for the Bakasi landfill include:

• Stable geological structure

• No fault and fold occur

• Far from volcanic activities

• Accessible

• Flood-free area


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2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMMUNITIES AROUND THE SUMUR BATU LANDFILL

2.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMMUNITIES AROUND THE LANDFILL

Approximatley 8,600 people live in the Sumur Batu area (5.96 km2). Of these 8,600 people, 1,253 people make a living through scavenging. According to the Chief of Sumur Batu Village, this number differs from the data provided by the village office due the fact that many scavangers coming to this area do not report to the local authority (interview with Nung Nurcholis, Chief of Sumur Batu Village, July 24, 2007).

According to one scavenger named Sarkim, most of the adult scavengers are also scavenging in Bantargebang landfill because if the larger volume of waste than that of Sumur Batu landfill. Bantargebang landfill collects about 26,500 m3/day of waste from Jakarta. (Research from an independent consultant of Bantargebang landfill, 2006).

Approximatley 6,000 scavengers scavenge in Sumur Batu and Bantargebang landfill. Most of them are Sundanese coming from Karawang, Majalengka, Indramayu, Cirebon and Banten, and the rest are Madura, Aceh, Ternate, Palembang, Lampung and Bekasi ethnics.

Based on the report from Bantargebang subdistrict government, about 80 scavengers came from the Bekasi area, while the rest are from other areas. Until now, there were no surveys from the government on the existance of scavengers activities in Sumur Batu and Bantargebang landfill (Interview with Dani, Government sector, Bantargebang subdistrict).

Conflicts amongst scavengers are rare but have been recorded. A serious physical conflict occured in 2003 between scavengers from differnt ethnic backgrounds that resulted in injuries on both sides. To avoid larger conflicts, based on the agreement between community figures, collectors and landfill management have limited the number of scavengers from Madura. There are currently 20 scavengers from Madura. (interview with Uce, collector, July 26, 2007)

Scavenger settlements are spread around Sumur Batu landfill area. About 124 people (50 families) occupy cell I area which has been closed, and 73 people (30 families) are located around cel III and IV. Until July 2007, the total number of scavengers located at the landfill area totaled 1,450 scavengers. The locations of the scavenger settlments are presented in table 1 below.


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Table 2.1 Scavenger Activities Around Sumur Batu Landfill

Scavenger’s Population Community Populati

on Adult Children

Family Ethnic

RT/RW 01 / 01 542 350 18 115 Sundanese (Karawang, Indramayu, Banten, Majalengka)

RT/RW 02 / 01 635 301 15 145 Sundanese, Palembang RT/RW 01 / 03 421 59 10 20 Bekasi, Karawang,

Lampung RT/RW 03 / 03 314 49 10 17 RT/RW 04 / 05 568 415 26 145 Sundanese, Bekasi,

Madura and Javanese At the landfill area with huts (Cell 3/4)

73 - 30 Sundanese (came from Karawang)

At the landfill area with huts (Cell 1)

124 - 50 Sundanese

TOTAL 1371 79 Source: Population Record of Sumur Batu area; interview with the Chief of Sumur Batu Village and Head of UPTD Tamangapa, July 24, 2007

According to Abas (Head of the Regional Technical Implementation Unit-UPTD of Sumur Batu landfill), based on the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), scavengers are prohibited to inhabit the landfill area since they might interrupt the landfill operational activities and endanger their own safety. However, due to the inability of the management to prohibit scavengers entering the landfill area they will allow the scavengers to inhabit the landfill area. Currently, there are only 5 UPTD employees managing the landfill, while there are about 1,450 scavengers who must be supervised.

Conflict between scavengers and landfill management had occurred in 2004, result of which damaged landfill properties. To avoid further conflicts, the management will allow scavengers to temporarily inhabit the landfill area with conditions they will not interrupt and damage the facilities that belongs to Sumur Batu landfill UPTD.

Figure 2.1 Location of Scavenger’s Inhabitants at Sumur Batu Landfill

Scavenger’s huts at cell I Scavenger’s huts at cel III/IV

Based on how scavengers work, either at Sumur Batu or Bantargebang landfill, they are divided into two groups. First Group are “individual” scavengers, who do not work under the coordination of collectors1. Second Group are scavengers who work under the coordination of collectors.

Generally, “Individual” scavengers are those who have been scavenging at the landfill for a long time, Usually, they had been scavenging for 2 years and are familiar with the waste business process at the landfill. Before they become an “Individual” scavenger, they were one of the collectors. According to one of the scavengers named Sarkim (35 years old), there are advantages and disadvantages to be an “Individual” scavanger. The advantage is that they are free to set their own working hours and type of items to be collected as long as it has an economical value. While for scavengers who work in groups, type of items are determined by the collectors according to the market demand.

Besides ordinary collectors at Bantargebang area (including Sumur Batu), there are also large collectors (known as Big Boss). The big boss coordinates some collectors who usually delivered goods routinely. There are 3 groups of big boss around Bantargebang and Sumur Batu landfill, which are:

1. Group of plastics and plastic bags (including mineral water bottles) 2. Group of glasses or bottles 3. Group of steels, nails and other metals

From the big boss, items that have been collected are then delivered to several factories, either factories in Bekasi or out of Bekasi. It is even exported to other countries such as China and Vietnam.

1 Collector is a person who received and bought items that have been collected by the

scavengers. Collectors at Sumur Batu and Bantargebang are also called as “bos lapak” who act as a guardian, either at daily activities or as a security guard from other group of scavengers.


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2-4

Regarding income there is a significant difference between “individual” scavengers and scavengers that work for collectors. Individual scavengers could earn between Rp. 1 million – Rp. 1.5 millian (gross) per month, while scavengers working for collectors earn about Rp 400 thousand per month. However, the daily needs of individual scavengers are not guaranteed by the collectors. Scavengers are not always able to collect wastes that have economical value. Besides that, the working environment is very dangerous. Scavengers working for collectors are guaranteed to have their daily needs and medical expense met (Interview with a scavenger named Mahmud, Bantargebang landfill, September 26, 2007).

Collector’s scavengers live in the same area that is used for sorting and collecting goods. Usually, each group of scavengers are located based on their ethnical and origin background. Each collector must provide settlements for their scavengers and guarantee their daily needs, such as food, drink and health. To help collectors control their scavengers, they are divided into several groups (each group consists of 10 – 20 people).

Payment, either at Sumur Batu or Bantargebang landfill, are usually collected every 15 days. Scavengers received their payment after their daily expenses have been deducted.

Working hours for “individual” scavengers are not strcitly arranged. They are free at any time for scavenging without any targets and deadlines. Goods from scavenging can be delivered to any collectors at Sumur Batu area. There are no significant differences for the price between one collectors and the other. Price difference between each collectors are between Rp 25 – Rp 50. They usually don’t deliver their goods everyday. If it has reach the volume of one cart (size 1 m x 1.5 m), then it will be delivered to the collectors and collect the payment.

Scavengers who work for the member of collectors usually have arranged working hours. Scavengers work 7 (seven) days a week which is arranged in shifts. Generally, scavengers and collectors arrang their working hours into 3 shifts which start from 06.00 – 12.00, second shift from 12.00 – 16.00 and third shift from 16.00 – 22.00 (evening).

Scavengers at Sumur Batu landfill consist of several groups, seperated by children age 9 – 12 years old (about 6 %), teenagers age 13 – 20 years old ( about 25 %) and adults age 21 years old and above for (about 69 %). Most of the scavenger parents take along their children to work, either scavenging or help sorting and washing goods. Working hours for the children are between noon until afternoon, they seldomly work until evening.

Most of the children scavengers have dropped out of school. There are no accurate data on the information regarding this fact. However, according to one of the community figures of Sumur Batu who initiated informal education for the children (Juarto, September 23, 2007), the percentage of children who do not continued their educationl are more than 45%. These children rather work as scavengers than studying at school, due to scavenging has more prospect for their income. Children could earn Rp. 100,000/week from scavenging.

However, some of the children keep studying at school even while they are working, usually these children do the scavenging in afternoons after school hours. One of the reasons why these chidren dropped out of school is is a lack of money. . Besides that, some of the parents assume that scavenging is more beneficial than school (Interview with an adult scavenger, Ahmad (40 years old), near Cell I, July 20, 2007).

Goods that are collected by the collectors are cleaned and packed according to its type. The goods will then be delivered to a larger collector (known as Big Boss). From the big boss, it is then distributed to factories either inside the Bekasi area or outside of Bekasi. The mechanism of waste collecting and delivering are shown in Figure 2 below

Waste Source

Household Non Household


2-5

Source: Field study (2007) and study from an independent consultant for Bantargebang landfill, 2006. Data are further processed

Figure 2.2 Mechanism of Waste Collecting by Scavengers

Bekasi City (10 %)

Landfill Sumur Batu

Non Landfill Scavenger

Market, industrial etc

Organics (80%) Non Organics 20%

CDM Project Gas Flaring

Primary Collector in Sumur Batu & Bantargebang

Scavenger collect 20-30% of non organics

Secondary Collectors at Landfill

Collector at the city

Other Cities or Countries (90%)


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2.2 EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN SCAVEGERS

Based on records from the UPTD office, most of the children who became scavengers, which are 38 out of 79 children scavengers, dropped out of school. The local government has no particular program that deals with those children who have dropped out of school. Around the landfill there is 1 school building for elementary level. Junior high school is located at Bantargebang subdistrict, about 3 km from Sumur Batu landfill. All children scavengers studied at Sumur Batu 2 elementary school and nonee of them continued to the Junior high level.

To address the issue of student who have dropped out of school community figures of Sumur Batu area, lead by Juarto, established an informal education for elementary and junior high level in 2006. Cooperating with Portal Infaq Foundation from Jakarta, they built Alam Tunas Mulia School with Kejar Package A and B. The school is located at Ciketing village, Sumur Batu, adjacent to the Bantargebang landfill. Portal Infaq Foundation helps the project by providing school equipment and the teacher transportation fees. Until now, no aids were ever given by the government for the education of the children scavengers.

Currently, total enrollment at Alam Tunas Mulia School is 40 children for Kejar Package A program (school hours are 3 times a week) and 15 children for Package B program (school hours are once every 2 days). As explained by Juarto, it is impossible to have school everyday, their parents will complain. It is their parents who forced the children to help them scavenging at the landfill (interview with Juarto, September 23, 2007).

Local parents have made an agreement with the teachers that they will allow their children to go to school, but not every day. Until now, no children have graduated from school since the school just started for 1 year. Besides that, this school has no permanent institution, either foundation or other form of organizations. Parents awareness on their children’s education seems personally (interview with Juarto, September 23, 2007).

Prior to the establishment of the informal school, in 2002, some community figures cooperatede with the United Moslem Students of Indonesia known as KAMMI (Kesatuan Aksi Mahasiswa Muslim Indonesia). The Bekasi Branch established Tunas Muslim, Al-Quran School for Children. The purpose was to assist the children scavengers with religious education. According to Juarto, no government or NGO institution had ever provided education for these children. NGO at Sumur Batu and Bantargebang prefer to conduct politic advocating and provoke the communities for demonstration rather than getting involved in the community development. Until now, there are 180 children (age under 12 years old) who studied at the Tunas Muslim, Al-Quran School for Children.

Table 2.2 Number of Student Based on the Data in August 2007

Education Level Number of Children School Frequency Al-Quran School 180 2 x per week Package A 40 3 x per week Package B 15 1 x per 2 days Total 235 Number of Children Required Education* 452 * Based on the school management record, number of children scavengers at Sumur Batu and

Bantargebang landfill are 452 children. 48% of the children are not studying at school

To improve education quality at the nature school, management plans to initiate several programs, including:

1. Outdoor education programs, such as Evaluation Study, Boy Scouts, School Medical Unit and Environmental Health Training.

2. Handiwork training in utilizing wastes into valuable goods (wastes recycling).

3. Scholarships for talented children to continue their study to a higher level 4. Training and education for teachers. Actually, the existing teachers are not

qualified for teaching. They are willing to teach due to lack of teacher who prefer to teach in the landfill area

Until now, the above programs have not yet been implemeted due to limited budget and skills, and there are no donation programs on supporting the children scavengers activities in the landfill. Efforts have been made to achieved the education and skill development, such as proposing to the government institution, companies around Bantargebang and Bekasi and also self efforts from the communities around the landfill. However, there were no positive responses for the children scavengers development programs (interview with Juarto and Namad, Nature School Management, September 23, 2007).

Tunas Muslim Al-Quran School for Children Children of Tunas Muslim

Figure 2.3 Tunas Muslim and Tunas Mulia School Activities


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Besides Portal Infaq Foundation, there is a similar school at Ciketing Udik area (Bantargebang landfill area) managed by Dinamika Indonesia Foundation which was established in 1999. Dinamika Indonesia Foundation provides a formal education up to grade 5 of elementary school. However, there are uncertainties on the continuation of the school activities. Since 2005, a sweddish foundation stopped their funding program which caused the abrupt ending of school activities. The Secretariat of Dinamika Foundation itself is not located in the landfill area, but it came from Jakarta (interview with Aini, former teacher from Dinamika Foundation).

Figure 2.4 Dinamika Indonesia Foundation School at Ciketing Udik

2.3 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

2.3.1 Environmental Health

To overcome public health problems among the communities around the landfill, the local Government has provided 2 medical facilities; a community Medical Center (Puskesmas) located at Bantargebang subdistrict and a Puskesmas Plus located at Bantargebang landfill (part of the compensation from the DKI Jakarta Government) which is open for service once a week. The Bantargebang Puskesmas is free from charge for both scavengers and non-scavengers. According to one of the medical staff at Bantargebang Puskesmas, their free services are mostly used by the scavengers. Communities around the landfill seldom go to the landfill Puskesmas. Non-scavengers usually go to the Puskesmas at Bantargebang subdistrict, which is located about 2 km from the landfill, otherwise, they prefer to go to doctors or hospital at Bekasi City (interview with Sunarto, Bekasi City Medical Office, July 20, 2007).


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No Puskesmas is available at Sumur Batu landfill. Usually scavengers from this area will come to the Bantargebang landfill Puskesmas or the Bantargebang subdistrict Puskesmas. At the subdistrict Puskesmas, they will be charged a registration fee of Rp. 6,000 and they must buy the medicine at their own expense. Each medical treatment will cost between Rp. 50,000 – Rp. 100,000 including medicine. To prevent tetanus caused by deep cuts, it will cost Rp. 30,000 for one vaccine. This price is cheaper than the medical cost at hospitals in Bekasi City (interview with a scavenger named Usman (45 years old), July 27, 207).

Health development of the communities around the landfill area is approached by secondary data analysis based on the illness percentage at Bantargebang Puskesmas where there are 5 types of illness frequently experienced by the communities around the landfil (see table 3).

Table 2.3 Type of Illness Percentage at Bantargebang Puskesmas

No Type of Illness Percentage 1 Upper Breathing System Infection (ISPA) 32.9 % 2 Dental Illness 11.2 % 3 Gastritis 9.2 % 4 Skin Infections 20.4 % 5 Diarrhea 26.3 %

Source: Puskesmas of Bantargebang, Report of per December 2006

Based on the data above, it was observed that the Medical Incident Rate relating to communities health is relative high. Poor environmental health condition of environmental health such as bad sanitation, drainage system and malnutrition became the main factor for communities to experienced illness.

Communities usually used water from shallow wells for their daily use such as bathing, cooking, washing and drinking. Wells that are contaminated by waste leachate could cause illness as mentioned above. Besides that, toilets are usually built by ignoring the health aspects and became the media for e-colie to grow which is the main source of diarrhea illness. Therefore, percentage of diarrhea illness is relative high for Bantargebang area (interview with Sunarto, Bekasi City medical staff, July 20, 2007).


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2.3.2 Occupational Safety

In general, the working conditions are damgerous for the scavengers where they often ignore their own safety during bulldozing work. This also happens while waste is unloaded from trucks where they will struggle while collecting valuable wastes. Risks for accidents increase considering that not all scavengers are equipped with Personal Protection Equipment (PPE), such as helmets, gloves and maskers. UPTD employees were also observed without a proper PPE.

Accidents frequently occur due to the scavengers’ careless attitude. The Sumur Batu landfill UPTD office has no complete data on the frequency of occupational incidents, either to scavengers or machine operators. Two incidents occured in 2005, when a truck ran over a scavenger.There were no fatalities during the incidents. According to the Head of UPTD, scavengers are frequently grazed by heavy equipment, causing wounds (interview with Abas, Head of UPTD of Sumur Batu landfill).

2.4 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND COMMUNICATION PROCESS

The Public Consulation and Communication Process is summarized in the following table:

Activities Time Form of Activities

Source/ Participants Complains/Issues

Public Meeting

Sept 2-4, 2006

Group discussion

Selaras graze 1. Questioning the advantages of CDM project particularly for the communities around the landfill

2. Relation between CDM project with effort on increasing the environmental quality

Public Meeting

Sept 19, 2006

Interactive dialogue and discussion

Jacky (ERM) and M Harun (Selaras) Citizens around Sumur Batu landfill

1. Trucks do not cover their loads which caused malodor and waste is scattered in the streets

2. Difficulties to get clean water

3. Stinking smell during night time

4. Flies increased during wet season


2-11

Activities Time Form of Activities

Source/ Participants Complains/Issues

Interactive Dialogue

Sept 22, 2006

Live from Dakta Radio, 107 FM

World Bank (ina P), ERM (jacky) and Selaras (Ato S) Host M Harun A

Topic: Green House Effect and World Bank Role in Reducing Emission Gas Listener Responds: 1. Listener questioned the

procedures to participate in WB activities in Bekasi

2. LFG project contribution on Bekasi environment

Public Consultation

Dec 20, 2006

Technical explanation and interactive dialogue

ERM, Selaras, Scavengers, Community figures, Youth Organization, Sumur Batu governments, Sanitation Office and NGO

1. Possibility to use methane gas for household needs

2. Working opportunities for communities around the landfill, either at construction phase or LFG operational

3. anxiety for fire and air pollution from the LFG project

4. Land prices will decrease due to bad perception caused by the possibility of fire accident

Focus Group Discussion

July 20 dan 28, 2007

Group Discussion

1. Scavengers and collectors

2. Non-scavengers and Social Organizations (Youth Organization, KAMMI and NGO Tunas Muslim)

Scavengers: 1. Scavengers and

collectors hope that the LFG project could increase their income

2. Allowed to do scavenging

Non-scavengers: 1. Working opportunities

at the landfill as a UPTD employee

2. Utilization of methane gas for household needs

3. Anxiety on fire accident 4. Anxiety on temperature

increase around Sumur Batu landfill


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2.5 GRIEVANCE MECHANISM

Besides scavengers, there are also community settlments around the Sumur Batu landfill, located between 0.5 km – 2 km from the landfill. They have various source of income which have no direct relation with the Sumur Batu landfill. Based on the discussion with these groups, some complaints that have arisen are:

1. Unpleasant odors during night time. 2. Limited clean water, particularly for cooking, drinking and bathing.

According to communities around the landfill, water from wells around the landfill caused skin irritation and smells. This condition usually occur on shallow wells (not artesis).

3. Increase in fly population, especially in wet season. 4. Trucks are not covered properly which causes waste to scatter in the streets

From the field findings, there were complaints from 5 farmers where the rice quality has decreased. It was assumed to be caused by leachate contamination on the irrigation system. Similar problems are also experienced by the fish farmers where many fish have died, which is also caused by leachate contamination on the fish ponds. It is indicated by foamy and black colored water that enter the ponds. This environmental quality degradation began in 2005 (interview with Sumur Batu farmers, July 22, 2007)

A comprehensive study must be conducted to identify the contamination source, whether it came from Sumur Batu or Bantar gebang landfill. Due to the fact that both landfills have the same outlet, it became difficult to predict the contamination source. Since 2004, The management of Bantargebang landfill was transferred from DKI Jakarta government to private sector, which is PT. PBB with the expectation for a better management.

Based on the findings from an independent consultant team for Bantargebang landfill2, the environmental quality of Bantargebang landfill has decreased since the management transfer. Environmental contamination on Bantargebang landfill also affected the Sumur Batu communities due to its adjacent location and the same outlet for both landfill (Indepedent Consultant Team Report, Year 2006)

Communities indicate a positive response on the LFG project plan. They hope the LFG project could improve the environmental quality, especially around the landfill. Significant Impacts to the communities include odors and poor air quality.

2 The Independent Consultant Team was established since 2000, based on the agreement

between DKI government and Bekasi government. The main duty of this independent consultant is to assess and evaluate the Bantargebang landfill management performance and provide recommendations for environmental improvement to the Bantargebang landfill management. The Independent Consultant Team consists of two Universities which are PPSML UI and LKSP Unisma Bekasi.


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Based on interview with the Head Division of Waste, Abdul Malik, efforts taken by the Sanitation Office of Bekasi to reduce the environmental contamination are:

1. Cover waste piles that reached 15 meters height regularly. Since the Financial Year of 2007, waste piles have been covered 3 times.

2. Cooperate with the Health Office of Bekasi to conduct spraying once every month to control fly population. Since the Financial Year of 2007, spraying has been performed 6 times. However, based on interview with some of the Sumur Batu communities, this effort did not show any significant result on reducing fly population. They expect the spraying frequency could be increased to 4 times per month, especially during the wet season (summarized in FGD, July 28, 2007).

3. Making artesis wells at 3 RW (RW 2, RW 5 and RW 7) together with the DKI government. The communities expected that artesis wells can be provided at each RW (there are 7 RW).

4. Provide free medical care together with the Health Office of Bekasi. Since 2007, it has been conducted once.

5. Penilize truck drivers who do not cover their garbage truck properly. Based on the observation and interview with the landfill management, penalties were never given to truck drivers who do not cover their garbage truck properly.

Besides efforts that have been made by the Bekasi Government, it is necessary to perform several activities on reducing the impacts from landfill contamination to communities. Those program plans are summarized in the table below.

Table 2.4 Proposed Environmental Impact Control Plan

No Type of Impact Source of Impact Proposed Activities

1. Loss of income for paddy field and fish farmers

Waste leachate enters the river to the irrigation system for rice fields and fish ponds

• More intensive efforts on leachate management by involving private sector

• Effluent quality control to comply with the standards from MoE

2. Potential

occupational accidents in the landfill

Scavengers usually ignore safety while working near heavy equipment

• Apply strict rules for scavengers to work with discipline

• Providing signage on restricted areas, especially on the LFG

• Obligation for scavengers and UPTD employees to wear PPE such as boots, gloves, helmets and maskers.

• Determining heavy equipment working areas so there will be no interruptions between scavengers and operators


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No Type of Impact Source of Impact Proposed Activities • Encourage the establishment of

scavenger organization to determine working shifts for scavenging

3. Reduction of

surface water quality

Waste leachate • Coating the landfill walls with geotextile then covered with soil and paved, also applied for the base

• Build a piping system beneath the landfill to collect leachate

• Build a drainage system at the landfill so wastes do not mix with rainwater

• Cover the waste pile with soil after it reaches 2.5 m height

• Build a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) for the leachate

4. Reduction of

environmental health and esthetic value

Waste scattered from the garbage trucks, Presence of scavenger huts and waste piles

• Penilize for truck drivers who do not cover their garbage trucks properly

• Arrange the location of waste piling by the scavengers

• Provid signs to prohibit piling wastes and building huts on certain areas especially beside the connector road

5. Potential spread

of contagious diseases

Waste piles could be a breeding place for disease vectors

• Spray disinfectant periodically for 2-3 x a week

• Cover the surface of a waste pile with soil

• Equip the workers at the landfill with PPE such as dust masker

• Cooperates with the Kanwil and Health Office of DKI for health evaluation

6. Conflicts

between scavengers

Competition between scavengers for their working areas

• Provide an equal chance for scavengers working in the landfill

• Educate the scavengers to cooperate each other

• Stipulate working rules in the landfill


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3 LANDFILL EXPANSION

Sumur Batu landfill is about 10 hectares in size. Waste piling locations are divided into 4 cells. Cell I and Cell II have been closed due capacity limitations(about 20 meters). Currently, active waste piling is located at Cell III.

The Bekasi government plans to expand the landfill up to 3 hectares in size starting in 2008 and expected to complete it by 2010. The purpose of this expansion is to anticipate the increase volume of waste while it is getting more difficult to search new areas for landfill. Communities seems to resist new landfills as experienced by Jakarta, Bandung and Bogor. According to Abdul Malik (Head Division of Wastes of Bekasi), other purpose of landfill expansion are:

1. To relocate illegal huts built by scavengers at cell III/IV and also at the riverside adjacent to cell I which has been closed. The existence of these illegal huts and scavengers under the waste piles are potential to risk the scavengers safety whenever slides happened as experienced in Bantargebang landfill and Leuwigajah landfill in Bandung

2. To reduce the number of occupational accidents. In 2008, the government plans to build a temporary waste collection shelters. These temporary shelters have the function to eliminate the number of occupational accidents, especially those related to the scavenger activities. With these techniques, scavengers could freely sort their wastes without interrupted by heavy equipment activities such as buldozers and garbage trucks.

The expansion area is planned to be located beside Cell IV (behind the Sumur Batu village office). Due to the change of village status into a region, thus, the land which was owned by the village government became the responsibility of the city government. Previously, the land was owned by the Bekasi subdistrict government. During 1996, there were an area expansion parallel with the transfer of some of the Bekasi subdistrict government assets, including the land status around the landfill which became the assets of the Bekasi city government. The expansion area is an empty and non-productive land. There are no buildings or productive plants in the area, there are only bushes.

During the first stage, a conveyor belt will be installed and a temporary waste collection area of about 450m2 in size will be provided. Building a temporary waste shelter is expected to reduce risks on occupational accidents where scavengers don’t have to struggle over to collect wastes. In the Financial Year of 2006, Public Work Office of Bekasi City has bought a conveyor machine, although it has not been installed. It is planned at the second quarter of the Financial Year of 2008 (August), the conveyor machine had been installed and ready to use.


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The next step is to relocate scavengers at the landfill area. Based on the SOP of Sumur Batu landfill, no one is allowed to enter the landfill area except for UPTD employees. However, many scavengers built illegal huts as their temporary shelter. Plan to relocate the scavengers to the new area has not yet been determined. Budget for relocation has been proposed in 2007, however, it was not approved by the Council with the reason that it could generate a non-condusive politic condition during the election of Bekasi Mayor in January 2008. Plan for the relocation will be re-proposed in the Financial Year of 2008 (interview with Abdul Malik, Head Division of Wastes of Bekasi).

Table 3.1 Activities and Land Expansion Plan

Activities Responsible Parties Time Cost (Rp) Source of

Budget Assets inventory Public Work

Office FY 2006 - -

Conveyor purchase Public Work Office

FY 2006 Rp 300 million

APBD 2006

Preparation of new location

Public Work and Sanitation Office

July 2008 - -

Conveyor installation Public Work and Sanitation Office

August 2008

- -

Scavengers relocation Sanitation Office December 2008

- -

Monitoring and evaluation

Public Work, Environmental and Sanitation Office

Every month

- -

Change of land title certificate

National Land Agency (BPN) of Bekasi City

FY 2009 - -

Table 3.2 Land Expansion Location Map at Sumur Batu Landfill


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4 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

To improve the social and environmental conditions around the landfill area, the local government of Bekasi has made a commitment to implement the community development program. The program identifies four areas of development, namely: environmental health improvement, economical development, child care and social activities. The community development program in the table below is an initial suggestion that will be the principle of agreement with the future LFG project management after the tender process has been completed. The Community Development Program fees and responsibility will be stipulated after the tender process.

The detailed of community programs showed in the following table.

Program Activities Time Institution Source of Budget Remarks

Occupational Health and Safety training for scavengers

February 2008

Public Work and Sanitation Office Tender winner

APBD Management provides PPE such as boots, helmets, maskers and gloves Create a model for scavengers awareness on safety

Medical service, immunization and tetanus vaccination on scavengers

January 2008

Health Office and Tender winner on LFG management

APBD and profit sharing with the tender winner

Build a small clinic at the landfill for scavengers and UPTD employees. There is an empty room of 3 x 4 m in size at the UPTD office that can be used for medical services

Occupational Safety, Health and Environment

Relocate the scavenger’s settlements near cell I and cell III / IV

December 2008

Sanitation Office

Relocate the scavenger’s temporary settlements to the expansion plan area (adjacent to


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cell IV) Providing education facilities of Kejar Package A and B

August 2008

Education Office and Local NGO

Community Development Budget

Based on Tunas Mulia School record, there is a total of 452 children. 235 children studied at school while the rest are not. 186 children work as scavengers, either at Sumur Batu or Bantargebang landfill.

Formation of waste recycling group through 3R activities

January 2008

Environmental Management Office, Sanitation Office and Tender winner


Scavengers and communities around the landfill. Development program could be cooperated with groups in the community, such as majlis taklim and youth organizations

Education for children scavengers

Providing children library coordinated with volunteers / NGO

August 2008

Education Office Tender winner


Library is allocated around the scavengers village (kampong Ciketing, Sumur Batu)


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Trainings on waste recycling

March 2008

Sanitation Office and tender winner


Target: scavengers, children scavengers and communities around the landfill. Cooperates with the Environmental Organizations of Bekasi and Students of Unisma Bekasi

Building a plastic washing facilities

January 2009

Sanitation Office and tender winner

Sharing profits for community development

The new location is equipped with one washing facilities Ground water source (pumping well) Washing facilities location arrangement could take the example from Bantargebang landfill

Economical improvements

Conveyor installation

August 2008

Public Work Office. Sanitation Office and tender winner

APBD 2007

Located behind the ward office of 450 m2 in size. Functioning as a temporary waste collection facility

Notes : Type of activities, schedule and costs could change after there is an agreement with the management of the LFG project. Final report on the agreement with the landfill management will be delivered to World Bank after a new agreement has been made with the LFG project management. It is expected that an agreement with the management will be approved in December 2008.

world bank...uptd of sumur batu landfill), based on the standard operating procedures (sop),...

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