world bank, gpoba: annual report 2012

8/10/2019 World Bank, GPOBA: Annual Report 2012

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A N N U A

L

R E P O R T

SUPPORTING THE DELIVERY OF BASIC SERVICES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

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2012 The Global Partnership on Output-Based AidWorld Bank1818 H Street, NWWashington, DC 20433Website: www.gpoba.orgE-mail: [email protected]

All rights reserved.

This report was produced by the Program Management Unit of the Global Partnership on Output-Based Aid(GPOBA). The ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily reect the views ofGPOBA or the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

Neither GPOBA nor the World Bank guarantees the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries,colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment onthe part of GPOBA or the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement oracceptance of such boundaries.

Note on the data: All amounts are in US dollars unless otherwise specied.

Design: The Word Express, Inc.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Message from the Program Manager 2

Acronyms and Abbreviations 4

Overview 5Role of GPOBA 6Support from Donors 6

Designing and Implementing OBA Pilot Projects 7Results Achieved 7Portfolio Composition 8Portfolio Performance 10Results from Fully Implemented Projects 10Monitoring and Evaluation 13

Lessons Learned 13Developing New Pilot Projects 14Development of OBA Facilities 15

Building a Center of Expertise 17Mainstreaming OBA 17Knowledge and Learning Program 19Knowledge Management 19Communications 22

Looking to the Future 23

Annex 1: Financial Statement 25

Annex 2: GPOBA Portfolio of Signed Grant Agreements as of June 30, 2012 27

Annex 3: GPOBA Team 31

BOXES1. Uganda Reproductive Health Voucher Program 112. Morocco Water and Sanitation Project 123. Independent Verication in Results-Based Financing 204. Using Output-Based Aid in Urban Projects 21

FIGURES1. GPOBA Portfolio: Disbursements FY07 to FY12 (in US$) 82. GPOBA Portfolio: Beneciaries Reached FY07FY12 8

3. GPOBA Portfolio: Share of Funding by Region 104. GPOBA Portfolio: Share of Funding by Sector 10

TABLES1. Disbursements as of June 30, 2012 (in US$) 92. Outputs Delivered and Veried as of June 30, 2012 123. New Technical Assistance Activities Launched in Fiscal Year 2012 164. CoE Business Lines 18


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2 G P O B A A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 2

MESSAGEFROM THE PROGRAM MANAGER

am pleased to present the Global Partnership

on Output-Based Aid (GPOBA) Annual Reportfor scal year 2012. Since 2006, GPOBA

has been piloting Output-Based Aid (OBA) mainly inmature sectors and creating the building blocks for theCenter of Expertise, while supporting select initiativesto scale up successful OBA pilot projects. During 2012,GPOBA began shifting its focus from mature sectorsto less tested ones, especially where there is potentialfor mainstreaming and strengthening GPOBAs roleas a Center of Expertise. GPOBA also launched anindependent evaluation of the rst three years ofimplementation of its Vision Statement (20082011),which focuses on the progress made by the programtoward its objective of becoming a Center of Expertise.

Notable results achieved during the year includethe signing of ve new grant agreements for US$29million, supporting access to energy in Africa, healthin East Asia and sanitation in South Asia. The maturingportfolio of 35 OBA subsidy schemes continues todeliver impressive results, with US$19 million in newdisbursements bringing cumulative disbursements toUS$67 million, and providing access to basic servicesto 3.3 million poor beneciaries. With respect todevelopments under the Center of Expertise, GPOBA

Icontinued to support the Asian Development Bank

and Australian Agency for International Developmentin developing OBA projects, and has strengthened itsrelationship with the Water and Sanitation Program.Additionally, GPOBA worked with the governments ofUganda, Kenya, Nepal and the Philippines on nationalscale-ups and OBA facility opportunities. Within theWorld Bank, GPOBA contributed to the design ofa new results-based instrument, the Program-for-Results, approved in January 2012, and supported thedevelopment of new programs nanced under thisinstrument.

Signicant progress was additionally made on theknowledge and learning and dissemination fronts,with training activities reaching over 1,700 participants.To disseminate best practices more widely, GPOBApublished four new papers in the OBAproaches series,introduced a new series on Lessons Learned , and jointlypublished a new working paper on the use of OBA inwater projects with the Water and Sanitation Program.This year, GPOBA produced two impact evaluationson health and water projects in Uganda, carried outbaseline surveys on energy projects in South Asia,and developed Implementation Completion Reportsfor three closed projects that were launched in 2007.


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3G P O B A A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 2

The Uganda reproductive health project received

a recognition award from the World Banks VicePresident for Africa and from the International FinanceCorporation (IFC) for the Smartlessons paper preparedby the project team.

While working on these many fronts, GPOBA alsowent through some important transitions this year. Iwas appointed Acting Program Manager of GPOBAin February 2012, following the tenure of Adriana deAguinaga. We also appointed a new Panel of Expertsand, for the rst time, GPOBA has a three-memberpanel. In addition, some key OBA experts moved topursue other career opportunities inside and outsidethe WBG.

Looking ahead, GPOBA will continue to providefunding for new OBA pilot projects with potential for

scaling up, as well as seed funding for OBA facilities.

These activities will help ensure continuous learningand support our vision of becoming a Center ofExpertise. The whole GPOBA team would like to thankZoubida Allaoua, Director of the World Banks Finance,Economic, and Urban Development Department, forher incredible support throughout these transitions inscal year 2012. Last but not least, we also wish to thankour donors, without whose support and guidance wecould not have achieved such positive results.

Carmen NonayProgram ManagerSeptember 2012


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ACRONYMS ANDABBREVIATIONSAEI Africa Electrication Initiative

AusAID Australian Agency for InternationalDevelopment

CAR Central African RepublicCoE Center of ExpertiseCoP Community of PracticeDFID Department for International Development

(UK)DGIS Dutch Directorate-General for International

CooperationESMAP Energy Sector Management Assistance

ProgramGPOBA Global Partnership on Output-based AidICR Implementation Completion ReportICT Information and Communication TechnologyIDA International Development AssociationIFC International Finance Corporation

IVA Independent Verication Agent

KfW Kreditanstalt fr WiederaufbauM&E Monitoring and EvaluationOBA Output-based AidODPs Other Development PartnersPforR World Banks Program for ResultsPPIAF Public Private Infrastructure Advisory FacilityPPP Public Private PartnershipRBF Results-Based FinancingSHS Solar Home SystemsSida Swedish International Development

Cooperation AgencySNV Netherlands Development OrganizationWaSSIP Water and Sanitation Services Improvement

ProjectWBG World Bank GroupWSP Water and Sanitation Program


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BA is a form of results-based nancing (RBF)that is designed to enhance access to anddelivery of infrastructure and social servicesthrough the use of performance-based

incentives, rewards, or subsidies. OBA in particular linksthe payment of aid to the delivery of specic services oroutputs. These can include, for example, connectionof poor households to electricity grids or water supplysystems, installation of solar heating systems, or deliveryof basic healthcare services. Under an OBA scheme,service delivery is contracted out to a third party, whichreceives a subsidy to complement or replace the userfees. The service provider is responsible for pre-nancing the project until output delivery. The subsidyis performance-based, meaning that most of it is paid

only after the services or outputs have been deliveredand veried by an independent verication agent. Thesubsidy is explicitly targeted to the poor, for example byfocusing on areas in which poor people live.

Sectors in which OBA approaches are being usedinclude education, energy, health, information andcommunication technology (ICT), transport, and waterand sanitation. The experience to date providesevidence that OBA can make aid more accountable,more effective, and more transparent. Through adiverse portfolio of 35 projects with US$157 millionin subsidy funding and ongoing technical assistanceactivities, GPOBA is demonstrating that OBA can delivera diverse range of services and lasting results for the

O V E RV I E W

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RESULTS ACHIEVEDGPOBA has been developing OBA subsidy schemessince 2006, with the aim of building a robust sampleof pilot projects from which to draw lessons anddevelop best practices in output-based approaches.These schemes are delivering impressive results asthe portfolio matures and grows, and as early pilotsbegin to close. Highlights of the results achieved thisyear are:

POBAs grant funding is an essential catalystfor the design and implementation of OBAapproaches. This includes funding for OBApilot projects (subsidy schemes), technical

assistance, and dissemination activities. This sectionreviews project results in scal year 2012, fundingactivities, and projects under development. It alsodetails GPOBAs work in monitoring and evaluatingthe performance of its portfolio and developments inbuilding a Center of Expertise.

DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING OBA PILOTP R O J E C T S

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Five new grant agreements were signed during theyear: Kenya Electricity Expansion for US$5.15 million;Liberia Improved Electricity Access for US$10 million;Philippines Public Health for US$3.65 million; Sri

Lanka Access to Sanitation for US$5.08 million, and;Uganda Grid-based OBA Facility for US$5.5 million.These projects are expected to provide services to1.7 million poor beneciaries.Eight new technical assistance activities totalingUS$1.7 million were launched. Four of these willsupport results-based nancing initiatives in theenergy, water, and solid waste sectors; three willsupport the development of new OBA pilots inAfrica and South Asia; and one will disseminatendings from impact evaluations of pilot projects.

PORTFOLIO COMPOSITIONThis year GPOBA added ve new projects to itsportfolio, bringing the number of grant agreementssigned with clients to 35 for a total amount of US$157million. Together, these projects are expected totarget 7.1 million poor beneciaries, providing accessto basic services such as energy, water and sanitation,health, education, solid waste management, andtelecommunications. Ten projects have been fullyimplemented and closed and 25 are currently in progress.

GPOBAs portfolio of pilot projects focuses onpoorer countries, with 85 percent of funding going toInternational Development Association (IDA) or IDA-blend countries. 2 Fourteen of GPOBAs 35 projects arein the Sub-Saharan Africa region, which has receivedthe highest percentage of funding, at 47 percent. Eightprojects are located in East Asia and the Pacic, six arein South Asia, three are in the Middle East and NorthAfrica, three are in Latin America and the Caribbean,and one is in Europe and Central Asia. Figure 3 showsthe percentage of funding attributed to each region.

The projects in GPOBAs portfolio fall within one of vesectors. Fifteen projects are in water and sanitation,

As of June 30, 2012, the GPOBA portfolio consistedof 35 grant agreements in the amount of US$157million. A total of US$67.6 million has been disbursedto recipients, representing 43 percent of the total

value of grant agreements signed since GPOBAsinception and providing access to 3.3 million poorbeneciaries (Table 1 and Figures 1 and 2).Total subsidy disbursements for the year amountedto US$19.3 million. This is reective of growingdisbursement trends as the project pipeline matures.The veried outputs delivered this year include 2,018electricity connections, 26,418 health vouchers, 7,131tuition packages, and 36,223 water connections.

0

10,000,000

20,000,000

30,000,000

40,000,000

70,000,000

60,000,000

50,000,000

FY11 FY12FY10FY09FY08FY07

GPOBA PORTFOLIO: DISBURSEMENTSFY07 TO FY12 (in US$)

FIG 1

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

FY12FY11FY10FY09FY08FY07

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

FIG 2GPOBA PORTFOLIO: BENEFICIARIESREACHED FY07 TO FY12

1 IDA is the World Banks fund for the poorest. Countriesthat lack the creditworthiness needed to borrow from theInternational Bank for Reconstruction and Development(IBRD) and those with a Gross National Income per capitabelow $1,175 are eligible for IDA support. Countries thatare IDA-eligible based on per capita income levels and arealso creditworthy for some IBRD borrowings are referred toas blend countries.


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The average grant amount for the GPOBA portfolio isUS$4.49 million. The average subsidy per person is lessthan US$25, with wide variations ranging from US$400in the Vietnam education project and US$267 in the

Nigeria health project to US$7 in the Ethiopia ruralelectrication project, US$6 in the Uganda Kampalawater project, and US$2.50 in the Indonesia ruraltelecommunications project (see Annex 2). There arealso variations within sectors, as the amount of thesubsidy per person depends on the unit cost of theservices being subsidized in each specic situation.

GPOBA has an active portfolio of technical assistanceactivities. As of June 30, 2012, 37 technical assistancegrants have been awarded since the Programsinception. These have supported knowledgedevelopment and dissemination of OBA approaches,grants to develop OBA pilot projects, and morerecently, technical assistance for results-based nancingactivities.

PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCEGPOBA exceeded its cumulative disbursement targetof US$65 million for scal year 2012. With US$19.3million disbursed in 2012, total disbursements reachedUS$67.6 million since the inception of the subsidyprogram in 2006, representing 43 percent of the totalvalue of grant agreements signed and providingaccess to basic services to 3.3 million poor people. Sixprojects successfully completed their activities in scalyear 2012: Morocco Water and Sanitation (see Box1), Uganda Reproductive Health (see Box 2), SenegalSanitation, Uganda Small Towns and Rural GrowthCenters Water Supply, Nepal Biogas, and VietnamRural Water. This brings the total number of closedprojects to 10. In total, these projects provided accessto over one million people (see Table 2).

RESULTS FROM FULLYIMPLEMENTED PROJECTSThe completion of four water and sanitation projectsand the addition of two new energy projects havemodied the sector distribution of the active portfolio.For the rst time in six years, the energy sector has thelargest share of subsidy funding at 43 percent, followedby the water sector at 34 percent. Sub-Saharan Africacontinues to have the largest share of funding at 50percent, followed by South Asia at 19 percent.

nine projects are in energy, ve are in health, two are inICT, and one is in education (see Figure 4). The projectscover rural, peri-urban, and urban areas, and mostprovide one-off subsidies in the form of capital grants

to buy down the initial cost of access to services. Theoperational cost of these services is then paid for bythe users. Because the emphasis in OBA is on servicedelivery and not just physical connections, a portion ofthe subsidy is usually paid after verication of a certainnumber of months of satisfactory service delivery.GPOBA is also exploring pilot projects in other sectors,such as irrigation, urban transport, and solid waste.

ECA 2%

LAC10%

SAR18%

MNA10%

EAP 13%

AFR47%

FIG 3GPOBA PORTFOLIO:

SHARE OF FUNDING BY REGION

WATER

43%

TELECOM 1%HEALTH 17%

EDUCATION 2%

ENERGY

36%

FIG 4GPOBA PORTFOLIO:SHARE OF FUNDING BY SECTOR


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BOX 1UGANDA REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH VOUCHER PROGRAM SAFELY DELIVERS 66,478 BABIESAND PROVIDES TREATMENT FOR SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS TO 32,000COUPLES IN UGANDA

A 2006 study found that about 435 women die per100,000 live births in Uganda because of lack of accessto health service facilities and professional health care. Additional key facts about healthcare in Uganda thatled to the establishment of the Uganda ReproductiveHealth Voucher Program are:

36 percent of pregnant women give birth at healthfacilities, with the assistance of skilled medicalpersonnelMost women still rely on traditional birth attendantswith little or no formal trainingSome expectant mothers have to walk over ninemiles to the nearest health facilityUgandas decentralized health system has left ruralareas poorly resourced

In September 2008, GPOBA launchedan OBA voucher scheme in partnershipwith KfW to bring maternal andother reproductive health services torural communities in 20 districts ofWestern Uganda, building upon a KfWpilot initiated in 2006. Marie StopesInternational Uganda was contractedas the voucher management agencyto supervise overall operationalmanagement of the project.

The outputs in this project consisted ofa safe delivery package of four prenatalvisits, a delivery attended by a trainedmedical professional, and one post-natal visit, or a screening and treatmentof sexually transmitted diseases forcouples. Users paid the equivalent ofUS$1.30 per voucher for safe deliverypackage of services costing fromUS$24 to US$78, and $0.65 per couplefor STD related treatment servicescosting $11. Service delivery wascontracted out to private local clinicsthat were accredited by Marie StopesInternational-Uganda to offer servicesto patients in exchange for pre-paidvouchers.

Service providers then submittedclaims for reimbursement to MarieStopes International-Uganda, onceapproved services had been deliveredto patients. As in typical OBA schemes,

explicit targeting by income and geography ensuredthat subsidy payments were made to support poorpatients, and independent verication ensured thatfunds were paid to service providers only after thepre-agreed services or outputs had been delivered. With $4.3 million in GPOBA funding over fouryears, the project succeeded in safely delivering66,478 babies and providing treatment for sexuallytransmitted infections to 32,000 couples. The safedelivery component is now being scaled up withadditional funding of $9 million from the Governmentof Uganda and ODPs. The project recently receiveda recognition award from the World Banks VicePresident for Africa and from the IFC for theSmartlessons paper prepared by the project team.


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BOX 2US$7 MILLION MOROCCO WATER AND SANITATION PROJECT PROVIDES ACCESS TO12,426 HOUSEHOLDS

In 2007, GPOBA launched a pilot project to connect disadvantagedhouseholds in peri-urban and rural neighborhoods of Casablanca,Tangiers and Meknes to municipal water and sewerage networks.Utilities in the rst two cities are operated by subsidiaries of nanciallysound international water companies, while in Meknes the utility ispublicly operated by the municipal council. A signicant barrier toconnection of poor households was the connection fee of US$577 perhousehold. Additionally, there was little incentive for the utilities toconnect these consumers, as the cost of laying out infrastructure toreach the target group ranged from $800 per connection in ruralMeknes to $3,044 per connection in Tangiers.

The OBA project reduced the connection fee by partially subsidizing the cost of household connections made bythe private operators and the public utility. The subsidy ranged from 28% of connection costs in Casablanca to74% of connection costs in rural Meknes. The operators pre-nanced the costs of installing the connections, andthe subsidies were paid on independent verication that the connections had been made and were active. Theproject beneted from signicant user contributions. Over four years, the project disbursed $7 million in subsidiesproviding access to water and sewerage services to 12,426 poor households reaching 62,130 users, exceedingthe original target by ten percent. A noteworthy aspect of the project is that the provision of water and sewerageservices supported economic development in the targeted areas of both Meknes and Tangiers, as the areas servedby the project were subsequently transformed into bustling neighborhoods.

TABLE 2 OUTPUTS DELIVERED AND VERIFIED AS OF JUNE 30, 2012

Country Project name Output descriptionNumber of veriedoutputs

Number ofbeneciaries

Armenia Armenia Gas and Heating Households with access to heating either throughan individual connection or local boiler system

5,847 23,739

Colombia Colombia Access to Natural Gas Households with gas connections 34,138 204,828

India Andhra Pradesh RuralCommunity Water

Ultraviolet water purication systems providingpublic access to clean water

25 77,878

Mongolia Mongolia Universal Access toTelecommunications

1) Public access telephone network for herdercommunities2) Wireless network for Tariat soum center

1 public accesstelephone network and2 wireless networks

22,315

Morocco Improved Access to Water andSanitation Services Households with water and sanitation connections 12,426 62,130

Nepal Biogas Support Program Biogas plants for rural households 26,363 184,541

Senegal Access to On-Site SanitationServices

Households beneting from increased access tonew sanitation facilities

11,495 103,455

Uganda Uganda Small Towns WaterSupply and Rural Growth Centers

Water Yard Taps 1,426 45,114

Uganda Reproductive Health Vouchers inWestern Uganda

Safe deliveries and treatments of sexuallytransmitted diseases

97,248 162,838

Vietnam Targeted Service Expansionthrough Water Loss Reduction

Households with piped water connections 35,344 176,720

TOTAL BENEFICIARIES 1,063,558


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MONITORING ANDEVALUATIONMonitoring and evaluation (M&E) of OBA projects isan important part of GPOBAs efforts to document andgather evidence on the effectiveness of OBA and tocapture the differences in performance between OBAapproaches and other subsidy design choices. This year,GPOBA produced two impact evaluations on the UgandaReproductive Health and Kampala Water projects andcarried out two baseline surveys on energy projectsin Mumbai and Bangladesh. GPOBA also developedImplementation Completion Reports for three closedprojects that were launched in 2007, namely MoroccoUrban Water and Sanitation, Nepal Biogas SupportProgram, and Senegal On-site Sanitation. Findings fromthese projects were shared with the World Bank andother partners. Key lessons are discussed below.

Implementation progress from GPOBA pilot projectsis tracked and updated into the OBA databaseOBAdata. In 2012, GPOBA nalized the design ofOBAdata, including the internal and external portals.The website provides details about GPOBA and WorldBank-funded OBA projects, including project-by-project information on parameters such as funding,beneciaries, outputs and disbursements. Since itslaunch in 2010, the database has been used by over

2,500 people, a noteworthy gure considering theniche target audience for the information.

LESSONS LEARNEDIMPLEMENTATION COMPLETIONREPORTSIn 2012, GPOBA, in collaboration with the World Bankcountry units, published Implementation CompletionReports (ICRs) on two completed projects: MoroccoWater and Sanitation and Senegal On-site Sanitation.

Both projects were rated satisfactory by theWorld Bank sector and country management. Theassessments suggested that, given the piloting natureof GPOBA projects, initial implementation difcultieswere to be anticipated but the primary contributionof the pilots to generating important lessons learnedon leveraging OBA in their specic country and sectorcontexts was fully achieved.

The ICR for the Morocco Water and Sanitationprojectthe rst OBA operation in the Middle East

and North Africa regionrecorded a number of lessonsfrom the implementation of pilots in three Moroccancities that can offer an ideal framework for future OBAoperations in the sector. Importantly, the project relied

on strong institutions (public and private) to implementworks and the successful implementation of projectsin informal settings was strengthened by utilities witha proven track record of executing similar operations.The experience in Meknes revealed that the publicsector can also bear performance risk and that a publicutility can successfully adopt the OBA methodologyto ensure the provision of basic services to neglectedpopulations. Furthermore, the program anticipateddemand-side issues and reduced the number of non-participating households by commissioning surveysto understand the factors preventing householdsfrom participating in the programs early on. The pilotalso allocated adequate resources for awareness-raising campaigns and engagement with civil societyand stakeholders. These efforts assured a sustainedawareness of the availability of subsidized water andsanitation connections in the target settlements.

The ICR for the Senegal Sanitation project recordedimportant lessons for GPOBAs rst successfullycompleted sanitation project. The ICR suggested thefollowing lessons learned that allowed the projectto respond quickly to implementation issues: Projectintervention areas should be exible and based ondemand, as expressed by target populations; 67percent of the facilities ultimately built were located inareas not originally included in the project interventionarea; the technology choice should not be too rmlydetermined at the outset, as one-quarter of thefacilities ultimately built leveraged technology optionsnot originally proposed; for a project designed topromote demand and behavior change, there was asustained need for hygiene-related communication andawareness-raising campaigns; and, the project budget

for soft inputs, such as surveys and supervision missions,increased by about six percent at project completion,signaling that OBA sanitation projects should notunderestimate funds earmarked for soft inputs.

IMPACT EVALUATIONSIn 2012, the rst impact evaluations launched byGPOBA began producing results, and lessons weregathered from the initial empirical evidence collected.The rst study, Assessing the Demand for Improved


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During the year, the Panel of Experts endorsed ve newprojects for eligibility. These are: OBA for municipalsolid waste management services in Nepal; improvingaccess to networked sewerage in Nairobis low-income

communities, Kenya; OBA for sanitation and watersupply for ood-prone areas in Bangui, Central AfricanRepublic; energy access project for off-grid areas ofDemocratic Republic of Congo through the use of solarlamps; and, Benin health PPP. Five grant agreementstotaling US$29.4 million were signed with clients, thehighlights of which are presented below.

Grid-based OBA Fund to provide electricity to100,000 rural homes in Uganda: A Grant Agreementwas signed with the Government of Uganda for US$5.5million to establish an OBA Fund that will providemore than half a million people in rural Uganda withaccess to grid-based electricity services. The projectwill be managed by the Rural Electrication Agencyand implemented over a 4.5-year period, initially by sixservice providers under private sector and cooperativemanagement and licensed by the Electricity RegulatoryAuthority. The OBA fund has additional grant fundingof US$4 million from the Government and US$7 millionfrom Kreditanstalt fr Wiederaufbau (KfW).

Philippines health services targets 700,000 low-income families: A Grant Agreement was signed withPopulation Services Pilipinas Incorporated for US$3.6million to increase access to affordable reproductivehealth services for low-income families living in theprovinces of Leyte, Southern Leyte, Samar, NorthernSamar and Eastern Samar in the Eastern Visayasregion. The project will be implemented over a four-year period, supported by Marie Stopes InternationalAustralia, established providers of maternal andreproductive and child health care in the Philippinessince 1990. About 145,000 poor families are expectedto benet through subsidized access to services,

including birth delivery and pre- and post-natal care.

OBA grant to provide electricity to 260,000 people inKenyas urban slums: A Grant Agreement was signedwith the Kenya Power & Lighting Company for US$5.15million to increase access to electricity services amonglow-income households in Kenyas slum communities.

Electricity in Urban Slums in Mumbai, presented abaseline analysis of the project Mumbai ImprovedElectricity Access for Indian Slum Dwellers, fundedthrough a Grant Agreement signed in 2009. It analyzed

the effects of the OBA element in the design withrespect to promoting the efcient use of public fundingand delivering improved and affordable electricitysupply to low-income consumers in an urban slum.

The second study, OBA Water Connections forthe Poor in Kampala, Uganda, undertaken duringthe period 20082011, illustrated the challenges ofestimating the nature and magnitude of the effectsof an innovative water provision scheme, especially inthe context of urban slums, when an array of expectedand unexpected shocks occur. Drawing on this pioneercase study, some questions and recommendationsare offered to inform future evaluations of OBA pilotsand the strategic goals of GPOBAs future evaluationactivities.

DEVELOPING NEW PILOTPROJECTSWhile GPOBA has a robust portfolio of pilot projects,there is still a need to develop new schemes thatcan contribute to best practices and lessons learned.GPOBA pursues a balanced approach to developingnew projects, which includes carrying out pilots inmature sectors and testing OBA standards in newsectors, such as sanitation, irrigation and solid wastemanagement. It also tests the use of OBA approachesin difcult operating environments, such as frontiermarkets and fragile states. All new proposals have tobe vetted by an independent Panel of Experts at twostages:1. Eligibility: an initial assessment to ensure that

the project meets GPOBAs eligibility criteria,which include the country and sector, project

sustainability, and the number of poor peopleexpected to receive services, among otherconsiderations. 3

2. Commitment : a review of the project to determinethat it is ready for implementation and that, in itsnal form, it meets the eligibility criteria. SinceGPOBA is administered by the World Bank, projectsgoing to commitment undergo duciary reviewscovering nancial management and procurement,along with assessments of environmental impact andsocial issues, in accordance with World Bank policy.

2 A full list of the eligibility criteria can be found in GPOBAsOperating Principles, available at http://www.gpoba.org/gpoba/governance.


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and knowledge-dissemination activities in scal year2012. This funding has targeted three priorities:US$650,000 will support OBA pilot project design forwater and sanitation projects in Kenya and Central

African Republic; US$985,000 is devoted to the designof RBF components for World Bank operations andactivities in energy and clean cooking in Africa, urbansolid waste management, urban transport in Colombia,and water sub-sectors and climate change investmentprojects and programs; and US$106,000 will facilitatethe development of various analytical papers, casestudies, and impact evaluation activities aimed atdisseminating the evidence and lessons learned fromimpact evaluations of various pilot projects underimplementation (see Table 3).

DEVELOPMENT OF OBAFACILITIESBuilding on earlier discussions, GPOBA is activelyengaged with governments in Nepal and thePhilippines that have expressed interest inmainstreaming OBA within their systems. The provisionof seed funding for OBA facilities to help leveragegovernment and donor funds remains an importantpart of the mainstreaming agenda.

Nepal: The Government has indicated its willingness touse the experience gained through the GPOBA-fundedbiogas pilot to launch a national fund for all renewableenergy programs in the country, including biogas, mini-hydroelectric generation and solar power. The WorldBank country team submitted a request to GPOBA fortechnical assistance to support this initiative. This fundwould be supported by the Government and several aidagencies.

Philippines: GPOBA remains committed to supportingthe Government, including through technical

assistance, in its efforts to nalize the operationalprocedures for the proposed multi-sector national OBAfacility. This effort was being led by the Department ofPublic Works and Highways that is responsible for thewater and sanitation sector. However, as the prioritiesin this sector have been realigned, bringing to theforefront the clean-up of Manila Bay and associatedlarger drainage and sewage treatment infrastructureprojects, GPOBA is now looking to work with theDepartment of Energy to establish an OBA facility.

The International Development Association (IDA) isproviding US$10 million in OBA grant co-nancing tothe project, which will provide electricity access to morethan 65,000 poor households (260,000 beneciaries)

over a three-year period. The project design isintended to reduce theft and tampering and enablepoor customers to control their expenses through anumber of innovations, such as split pre-paid metersand by using a medium voltage line as the main feederline across the communities, with small transformerson each pole to step down the voltage to distributionlevels for a small number of households.

Colombo sewerage and on-site sanitation projecttargets 77,000 poor consumers: A Grant Agreementwas signed with the Democratic Socialist Republicof Sri Lanka for US$5.08 million to improve accessto sanitation services in low-income households inGreater Colombo. The project will be implementedover a four-year period by the National Water Supply& Drainage Board. It will offer a range of technicalsolutions covering connections to networked sewersand decentralized treatment facilities, and to on-siteservices for over 15,000 eligible households. The on-site component is highly innovative, combining thebuilding of new facilities or rehabilitation of existingon-site sanitation system with regular desludgingservices by a licensed gully bowser company under aperformance-based contract.

OBA project to boost electricity access rates inMonrovia: A Grant Agreement was signed with theLiberia Electricity Corporation for US$10 million toimprove electricity access in Monrovia. The grantwill partly cover the capital investment required forconnecting 16,806 poor households in 21 prioritylow-income neighborhoods. As a result, the electricityaccess rate in Monrovia will increase from the current0.6 percent to 8 percent. The project will be critical

in facilitating social integration in the country and insupporting the Governments efforts in the areas ofpost-conict reconciliation and reconstruction. It willadditionally help ensure broad-based and inclusiveaccess to electricity and signicantly improved livingconditions among the poor.

New technical assistance and knowledgedissemination activities: GPOBA approved theattribution of US$1.7 million toward technical assistance


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TABLE 3 NEW TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES LAUNCHED IN FISCAL YEAR 2012

Country/Region Activity Name Description

Grant

AmountUS$

Results Based Financing Activities

Africa Africa ElectricationInitiative (AEI)

Support for OBA/RBF aspects of the Africa Electrication Initiative, which aims todevelop and disseminate knowledge on electrication in Sub-Saharan Africa. AEI willcreate and sustain i) a living body of practical, readily usable knowledge, and ii) anetwork of practitioners in the areas of design and implementation of rural, peri-urbanand urban on-grid and off-grid electrication and lighting programs.

$200,000

Africa Clean cooking ini tiativefor Africa

Support for the introduction of OBA/RBF approaches to promote enterprise basedlarge scale dissemination and adoption of clean cooking solutions in Sub-SaharanAfrica. The facility is jointly funded by ESMAP, PPIAF, and GPOBA, and will nance i)the initial stock-taking, market research and other upstream activities that would leadto the development of a viable large-scale clean cooking program, and ii) the design ofthe program in 34 pilot countries.

$200,000

Africa Lighting Africa marketdevelopment and qualityassurance

Support the introduction of OBA/RBF approaches in the Lighting Africa Program toincrease access to modern energy services by the poor in Sub-Saharan Africa. Theactivity aims to i) design a Lighting Africa region-wide scale-up strategy, building onthe successful Kenya and Ghana pilots, and ii) assist eight Governments in integratingoff-grid lighting into their national energy access expansion programs.

$250,000

Global Improving municipalsolid waste managementthrough OBA and RBF

Technical assistance to improve municipal solid waste management in middle-incomecities through the use of RBF/OBA approaches. Activities include i) development of adiagnostic framework for RBF/OBA approaches in the sector, ii) design of templatesfor RBF/OBA projects, and iii) selection of 56 pilot cities that will participate in thisprogram and customized project design for each city.

$335,000

Subtotal $985,000

Technical Assistance that Support GPOBA-funded Projects

Kenya Improving access tothe sewerage andwater supply networkin Nairobis low-incomecommunities

Technical assistance to prepare the OBA pilot project which is linked to other WorldBank operations, notably the Water and Sanitation Services Improvement Project(WaSSIP). Activities include demand and pricing study for connections to the water andsewerage network, project design including output verication, and cost estimates forproject implementation and community mobilization

$250,000

CentralAfricanRepublic(CAR)

Water and sanitationfor ood prone areas inBangui

Technical assistance to the Government of CAR on the feasibility and design aspects ofthe proposed OBA project. Activities include project design, economic analysis, and abaseline survey, including access to hardware and an analysis of the behaviorial aspectsof sanitation.

$200,000

Nepal OBA for municipal solidwaste managementservices in Nepal

Technical assistance to the Ministry of Local Development and 46 municipalitiesto design, prepare and implement the proposed OBA project. Activities includeidentifying and conrming participation of municipalities, development of procurementand nancial arrangements, monitoring and verciation procedures and regulatoryarrangements necessary for facilitating the OBA pilot.

$200,000

Subtotal $650,000

OBA Knowledge Products

Global Dissemination of resultsfrom GPOBAs Impact

evaluation portfolio

This activity will complement the existing work on impact evaluations with a systematiceffort to analyze and widely disseminate the evidence and lessons learned from these

in-depth studies on various pilot projects under implementation.

$106,000

Subtotal $106,000

Total GPOBA Technical Assistance Funding for scal year 2012 $1,741,000


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mainstreaming OBA, implementing a knowledge andlearning program, and knowledge management (seeTable 4).

MAINSTREAMING OBADuring 2012, GPOBA continued to target threepriority audiences through this activity, namely ODPs,governments and the WBG. Highlights of each of theseare presented below.

ince 2008, GPOBA has been putting in placethe building blocks for becoming a Centerof Expertise (CoE) on OBA. The aim is toprovide a range of advisory and knowledge

and learning services to support the adoption ofOBA approaches by the World Bank Group (WBG),governments, and Other Development Partners(ODPs), as well as to provide training opportunities andfacilitate sharing of best practices. In 2012, GPOBAcontinued implementing the building blocks of aCenter of Expertise by focusing on three business lines:

BUILD ING A CEN TER OFE X P E RT I S E

S


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WORKING WITH GOVERNMENTS TOSCALE UP OBA PROJECTSGPOBA continued to support a limited number ofgovernments to develop sectorwide OBA and RBFmechanisms. This includes countries where the interestis not only in expanding services but also in improvingoperational efciency. In addition to the work carriedout on developing OBA facilities in Nepal and thePhilippines, GPOBA worked with governments in Kenyaand Uganda to scale up OBA pilots.

Kenya: GPOBA, in collaboration with the WorldBanks Water and Sanitation Program (WSP),continued its support for government efforts toset up an OBA fund for urban water utilities. Theproposed project builds on the successful OBApilot for community water projects implemented incollaboration with K-Rep Bank, a local micronancebank. The technical assistance assignment to designthe institutional and operational aspects of the fundwas completed, and work is underway to securefunding for and to nalize the design of the fund.The fund will support utility access to debt nancefor new infrastructure and rehabilitation works toimprove access to water supply and sanitationservices, with OBA subsidies bringing down theconnection cost for poor households.

Uganda: GPOBA is working on scaling up the OBAvoucher scheme that was successfully implementedin partnership with KfW. The scale-up will expandthe Reproductive Health Voucher Program piloted inWestern Uganda by providing safe delivery servicesto poor patients and rural communities in otherdistricts of Uganda, and build national capacity tomainstream voucher management functions. Theproject will be implemented by the Ministry ofHealth and will be co-funded by the Governmentof Uganda and development partners. The scaled-up scheme is consistent with OBA principles of

accountability and risk transfer; the service providerswill pre-nance the provision of agreed services andwill be reimbursed after verication of the deliveryof services to clients by the Voucher ManagementAgency, which will be administered by the Ministry.

WORKING WITH THE WORLD BANKGROUPGPOBA continued to work with various departmentsof the World Bank Group to integrate the use of OBA

WORKING WITH ODPSGPOBA is working with a number of ODPs that haveshown a commitment to mainstreaming OBA byallocating tranches of development funding accordingto OBA principles. Each ODP has been assigned amember of the OBA Experts Team as a relationshipmanager and advisor. Discussions were held with theAsian Development Bank on bilateral nancing forOBA energy projects in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia,with AusAID on seed funding to launch OBA facilities inNepal and the Philippines, and with Sida on funding toscale up OBA pilots in Kenya and Uganda.

GPOBA worked with DFIDs Aid EffectivenessDepartment on the potential to support DFID countryofces in the design and implementation of output-or results-based programs in its priority countries,and with KfW on reproductive health and rural

energy projects in Uganda. GPOBA also advanceddiscussions with the United States MillenniumChallenge Corporation (MCC) to take on a technicaladvisory role in supporting MCC to introduce OBAcomponents into its poverty reduction and economicgrowth programs. Additionally, UNICEF requestedGPOBA support to develop an OBA water andsanitation pilot in Bangladesh. GPOBA also carriedout training activities targeting ODPs and participatedin workshops and conferences where the OBA agendawas tabled.

TABLE 4 COE BUSINESS LINES

1. Mainstreaming OBA

a. Other Development Partners

b. Governments

c. World Bank Group

2. Knowledge & Learning Program a. Awareness Building

b. Broad Learning

c. Reinforced Learning

d. In-depth Learning

3. Knowledge Managementa. Knowledge Products

b. Knowledge Tools

c. Community of Practice (internal and external)


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BOX 3 INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION IN RESULTS-BASED FINANCING

Results-based nancing (RBF) proposesradical changes in development nancingparadigms, shifting the focus ofdevelopment work from inputs to outputsor results. In OBA schemes, typically,service delivery is delegated or contractedout by a funding entitya government oran international development agencyto aservice provider. Subsidy payment dependson the achievement of pre-agreed andindependently veried results, andverication is conducted by anindependent verication agent (IVA). Itsfunction is to ensure that only veriedoutputs are reimbursed, through a)certifying that the contractual outputs, asreported by the service provider, havebeen physically delivered and that pre-

agreed standards of service have been achieved, and b) validating the service providers reimbursement requestand recommending the funding entity to honor payment. Figure 5 illustrates the typical verication cycle in OBAoperations.

Several lessons have been learned from the experience with independent verication on OBA pilots. Whenpreparing the methodology for carrying out verication assignments, specifying results/outputs, indicators,reporting frequency, and verication system reduces the likelihood of conicts between service providers andverication agents. Critically, the outputs or results should be achievable, under the control of the service provider,and directly linked to the rewards or incentives. Indicators must be specic, measurable, and veriable, andattribution and regular measurement should be easy. Since seeking 100 percent verication of each agreed outputor result is not feasible, statistical sampling is often considered most economical and effective, with precision (howclosely the sample represents the universe) and reliability (condence level) taking into account factors such asavailable resources, and credibility of implementing agencies. In GPOBA projects, the average contract value ofthe IVA averages 2 to 5 percent of the total project funding. Rural projects tend to be more expensive to verifybecause the outputs are usually more dispersed.

Verication of results can be carried out and by various parties, including government agencies, semi-autonomousentities, statistical or audit entities, and third-party entities such as rms, nongovernmental organizations, andcivil society representatives. In determining which of these options is most suitable, the objective is to reduce theinherent risk of capture, primarily by the service provider, who is the main interested party; and protecting thefunding entity against the potential manipulation of results. Conict of interest issues need to be assessed when agovernment entity is responsible for both overseeing service providers and output verication. The most commoninstitutional solution adopted by GPOBA and, in some cases, the World Bank, has been the use of external rmsor consultants, as these can bring capacity and credibility when the independence of government agencies isquestionable. However, given the long run objective of working with country systems, it is critical when choosinga government agency to perform verication functions, that they be undertaken by an independent and capableregulatory or audit agency.

Verication is also directly impacted by the reporting capacity and internal control systems of service providersand /or implementing agencies. It may be necessary to strengthen the accountability and transparency of billingsystems, nancial accounting, and data collection systems in service providers and/or implementing agencies (suchas local governments), to demonstrate that services have actually been delivered. Generally, RBF tends to increasethe accuracy of reporting of results, and in particular the completeness of reporting. The challenge is to put inplace effective mechanisms to promptly trigger payments for results.


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BOX 4 USING OUTPUT-BASED AID IN URBAN PROJECTS

With rapid migration from rural to urban areas, manygovernments have not been able to keep up with thedemand for urban infrastructure and social servicessuch as electricity, water and sanitation, transport,solid waste management, education, and health care.The people most affected by the lack of access to basicservices in urban areas are the poor. A core componentof an OBA scheme design is explicit targeting of low-income households by paying a subsidy to bridge thegap between the actual cost of access and what usersare willing and able to pay. Geographic targeting canbe effective in cities where poor households tend tobe concentrated in slums and informal communities.Where communities are more diverse economically,some OBA schemes use alternative targetingstrategies, such as subsidizing only those services thatthe non-poor are less likely to use.

In OBA schemes, payment on delivery of specicoutputs shifts performance risk to the serviceprovider. Service providers can be public, private ornongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Since serviceproviders are not paid the subsidy in full until theydeliver outputs, they must have access to sufcientnance for the initial investments. The nancing ofthis initial investment is a signicant risk for serviceproviders, and is one of the biggest constraintsto developing output- or results-based projects.

Service provision in informal or slum settings presents some unique challenges. Service providers often lack legalor regulatory authority to serve these informal areas, and fear low uptake of services or view these as high riskinvestments. For example, a slum electrication OBA project in Kenya tackled the issue of illegal connections byintroducing design innovations to improve sustainability and decrease the threat of theft and tampering. Theseinclude: switching to concrete poles, which cannot be climbed as easily; using a medium voltage line that is difcultto access illegally as the main feeder line across the communities, and using small transformers on each pole tostep down the voltage to distribution levels for a small number of households; using split pre-paid meters so mostof the equipment is on the pole instead of in the household; and limiting the need for house wiring through the useof ready-boards.

Although OBA is not the solution for all urban service problems, it is a tool that decision-makers can considerto help increase the access of urban poor households to basic services, in particular where the cost of serviceaccess is unaffordable, and where service access needs to be built into urban project design. To succeed, however,project design should be tailored to the specic characteristics of urban households and their physical and socialenvironment. Land tenure issues must be addressed early on in the design stage. Active outreach and engagementwith community-based organizations, and political and community leaders, has also proved key for successfulproject design and implementation. OBA approaches and mechanisms can bring multiple stakeholders together,and potentially play an important role in shaping the policy framework for urban development in terms of serviceprovision and service access for the urban poor.


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COMMUNICATIONSGPOBA reached out to the wider developmentcommunity through a range of communicationactivities. These supported the OBA mainstreamingagenda and intensied efforts to include messaging,positioning, use of social media and tailoring ofcontent to target audiences. Four press releases weredisseminated via the World Banks distribution channelsto highlight new grants signed. The Liberia energyaccess grant generated high levels of interest fromLiberians and media outlets such as Front Page Africa and the Liberian Connection . It also led to the rst everpost in a top-shelf media outlet, the UK Guardian sPoverty Matters blog. Articles on OBA were publishedin Business Daily Africa , AllAfrica.com, the SundayLeader and the Ceylon Daily News (Sri Lanka),Solutionsfor Water , the Himalayan Times (Nepal), and a range ofWorld Bank and other blogs.

GPOBA updated the visual design of its website, whichcontinues to receive good trafc, and also continued tobuild its online presence on key social media platformssuch as Facebook and Twitter. The number of followersincreased to nearly 270 on Facebook and over 100on Twitter. GPOBA produced four feature stories onOBA, two of which incorporated multimedia tools.Topics included the Morocco urban pilot documentary

lm, the Uganda health project, and the launch of theInternational Year of Sustainable Energy for All.

developed in collaboration with WSP to document theimplementation experience with the GPOBA-fundedMicronance for Community-managed Water Project.

In 2012, GPOBA introduced a new series on LessonsLearned , which captures valuable lessons fromimplemented projects. Two papers were published inthis series on the Uganda Reproductive Health VoucherScheme and Improved Community Water in AndhraPradesh. GPOBA also published four editions of itsOBA Connections e-newsletter and continued to cross-promote its content on partner websites, includingIFC Advisory Services, the Public Private InfrastructureAdvisory Facility (PPIAF), and WSP, and the WorldBanks sustainable development and water portals.Electronic versions of the publications and newslettersare available on GPOBAs website.

The OBA Community of Practice (CoP) sponsoredby GPOBA continued to provide opportunities forpractitioners to share best practices in OBA throughpeer-learning, knowledge-sharing, and informalnetworking. CoP members were invited to severalevents organized or co-organized by GPOBA,such as the OBA session at the 2012 Water Week,the workshop organized by the Energy SectorManagement Assistance Program (ESMAP) on Payingfor Results in the Energy Sector: The Experience withOBA and RBF in May 2012, and the ESMAP onlineforum on Energy Access for the Urban Poor. GPOBA joined the new Public Health CoP, which is building aknowledge repository on RBF-Health.


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LOOKING TO THE

F U T U R E

AAt GPOBAs Program Council Meeting

held in Kampala, Uganda in June 2012,the donors acknowledged the value of

GPOBAs work and noted in particular the effortstowards mainstreaming of OBA in the WBG and withODPs, including the training provided to donors andthe interface with donor country programs. GPOBAwill reinforce such outreach with a focus on less testedsectors and fragile and conict affected states andsupport bilateral nancing of OBA and RBF projectswith ODPs. GPOBA will also continue negotiations withdonors to secure new nancing for OBA facilities andsupport the scale-up of pilot projects that are to be

mainstreamed within government systems.

Testing innovative approaches in developing countries

is inherently risky and necessarily involves setbacksand obstacles. GPOBA recognizes these issues andis prepared to be a leader, piloting OBA in untestedsectors and countries, supporting results-basedsolutions to broader development problems, andsharing lessons learned and best practices withan ever-wider group of development partners andgovernments. In all these efforts, GPOBA will seek toenhance its own effectiveness and efciency, and tocollaborate closely with others to support the deliveryof basic services in developing countries.


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administration agreements entered into by the WorldBank and GPOBA donors, US$0.5 million was collectedas an administration fee.

GPOBA derives its resources from donorcontributions which are channeled through

trust funds administered by the World BankGroup (WBG). The WBG recovers an administrative feefor costs associated with this task. GPOBAs budget andaccounting processes are aligned with the WBG scalyear, which runs from July to June.

CONTRIBUTIONS RECEIVEDAs of June 30, 2012, GPOBAs donors have pledgeda total of US$292.4 million to the program, of whichUS$285.3 million (97.6 percent) has been received (seeTable A1). In scal year 2012, GPOBA received a totalof US$19.5 million from two donors: DFID and AusAID(see Table A2).

DISBURSEMENTSGPOBA disbursements totaled US$26 million in scalyear 2012 (Table A3). Disbursements were made foractivities approved in scal year 2012, as well as foractivities approved in prior years that are implementedover multiple years. In accordance with the

ANNEX 1 FINANC IAL STATEMENT

TABLE

A1

DONOR CONTRIBUTIONS TOALL GPOBA ACTIVITIES(CUMULATIVE) IN US$ MILLION

Pledged Received To be Received

DFID1 108.86 102.70 6.10

IFC 97.80 97.80 0.0

DGIS 28.27 28.27 0.0

AusAID 37.50 37.50 0.0

Sida 18.00 18.00 0.0

EU2 2.00 1.00 1.00

Total 292.43 285.27 7.10

1 Contributions for DFID are pledged in GBP and then converted to USDat the time of transfer.

2 Contributions for the European Union are pledged in Euros and thenconverted to USD at the time of transfer.

TABLE A2

RECEIPT OF DONOR CONTRIBUTIONS (CUMULATIVE) IN US$ MILLION

FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 Total

DFID 2.50 3.40 6.80 21.70 13.30 10.20 19.20 14.40 11.20 102.70

IFC 35.00 25.50 37.30 97.80

DGIs 11.00 8.00 9.30 28.30

AusAId 0.30 4.20 24.60 8.30 37.40

Sida 6.90 8.90 2.20 18.00

EU 1.00 1.00

Total 2.50 3.40 41.80 33.00 57.90 45.10 28.10 53.90 19.50 285.20


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under implementation, with the rest going to technicalassistance, and preparation and supervision ofprojects. At US$1.8 million, program managementand administration represented 7 percent of total

disbursements; 12.7 percent of this 7 percent was forcenter-of-expertise activities, such as knowledge andlearning.

SINGLE AUDIT PROCESSThe WBG has instituted an annual single auditexercise for all trust funds. As part of this exercise,the GPOBA program manager signs a trust fundrepresentation letter attesting to the correctness andcompleteness of the nancial process for all GPOBAtrust funds. The task manager for each approvedactivity is required to conrm that due diligence hasbeen exercised with respect to the administration,management, and monitoring of the funds awardedfor the activity, and has ensured that all expenses anddisbursements are made in accordance with WorldBank procurement and administrative guidelines.

Of the total disbursements this scal year, US$24.2million (93 percent) was related to the annual workprogram. Most of this amount (US$16.7 million) wasdisbursement of subsidy funding by pilot projects

TABLE A3 GPOBA DISBURSEMENTS IN

FY12 (IN US$)

Program Management

Program Management 1,545,951

Center of Expertise 224,265

Sub-total 1,770,216

Disbursements related to FY12 Annual Work Program

Technical Assistance 1,812,854

Portfolio Preparation andSupervision

5,718,373

Subsidy Funding 16,726,566

Grand Total 24,257,793


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Country Project NameIDA /IBRD

GrantAmount(US$m)

Numberof people

beneting

Averagesubsidy per

person (US$) Description

Senegal Access to On-SiteSanitation Services

IDA 5.76 135,900 42 This OBA subsidy scheme aims to help offset thecost of new sanitation facilities for an estimated15,100 poor households.

Uganda Kampala WaterConnections for thePoor

IDA 2.53 409,000 6 This scheme will provide a one-off connectionsubsidy to partially fund the cost of new domesticmetered connections. The project envisagesmaking about 19,000 new yard tap connections andinstalling about 800 new public water points over aperiod of three years.

Uganda Uganda SmallTowns Water Supplyand Rural GrowthCenters

IDA 3.21 55,511 58 This project seeks to increase access to sustainablewater supply services for the poor living in selectedsmall towns and rural growth centers, benetingaround 55,511 people.

Uganda Reproductive Health Vouchers in WesternUganda

IDA 4.30 135,912 32 This project aims to improve womens accessto trained medical professionals throughoutpregnancy and provide subsidized STD treatment

for up to 135,912 poor Ugandans. Vietnam Targeted Service

Expansion throughWater LossReduction

IDA 4.50 150,000 30 This project aims to bring safe water services to anestimated 30,000 poor families in rural Vietnam.

Vietnam Upper SecondaryEducationEnhancement

IDA 3.00 7,500 400 This pilot aims to increase access to secondaryeducation at semi-public and private schools foraround 7,500 poor students. Subsidy paymentsto participating schools will be made on conditionof pre-agreed indicators that demonstrate both astudents attendance and educational attainment.

Yemen Queen of ShebaSafe Motherhood

IDA 3.91 30,000 130 The objective of this project is to providesustainable maternal health services, includingup to 15,000 safe child births, to poor women ofreproductive age (1549) in Sanaa, Yemen.

Yemen Water for UrbanCenters

IDA 5.00 210,000 24 This OBA scheme will pilot the provision of waterservices to low-income households through privateoperators willing to construct and operate theinfrastructure for several years. Around 210,000poor people are expected to benet.

Sri Lanka IncreasingHousehold Accessto DomesticSanitation in GreaterColombo

IDA Blend 5.08 77,035 66 Improving access to sanitation services in GreaterColombo (Sri Lanka) by increasing the number ofhouse connections to existing and new seweragenetworks, and improving on-site sanitation servicesat the household level through rehabilitation ofseptic tanks and regulated desludging services.

Uganda Uganda Grid-BasedOBA Facility

IDA 5.50 510,000 11 The OBA scheme will provide subsidies to help llthe gap between what the user is willing to pay forconnecting to the electricity grid and what it coststhe electricity distribution companies to make theseconnections.

Kenya Kenya ElectricityExpansion

IDA 5.15 265,000 19 This project uses GPOBA funds to scale up theKenya Power and Lighting Companys modelof delivering electricity connections in slumsthroughout Nairobi. The goal of this project is toscale up a method of connecting the urban poorthrough the use of a small, but targeted, subsidy.


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Country Project NameIDA /IBRD

GrantAmount(US$m)

Numberof people

beneting

Averagesubsidy per

person (US$) Description

Philippines PhilippinesReproductive Health

IBRD 3.65 786,765 5 The scheme explicitly targets the poor to helpaddress some of the barriers to their access toquality health services, with a three-part approach:1. Accreditation of 45 service providers in theproject area to ensure improved quality of careand the capacity to meet increased demand;2. Enrolment of about 145,000 families, identiedand determined as poor by the NationalHousehold Targeting System, to ensure that theproject reaches those who need it most; and3. A subsidized voucher scheme to bridge the gapbetween co-payments charged by health serviceproviders and the amount that target projectbeneciaries can afford to pay for approvedservices.

Liberia Monrovia ImprovedElectricity Access

IDA 10.00 80,000 125 The GPOBA grant will offset part of the capitalcosts associated with building the transmission

and distribution networks for Monrovia. The grantwill also subsidize connection costs for individualhouseholds.

Total 157.0 7,103,646 22


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Carmen Nonay Acting Program Manager ( February to June 2012 )

Adrianna de Aguinaga de Vellutini Acting Program Manager ( until February 2012 )

Luis Tineo Senior Operations Ofcer

Iain Menzies Senior Infrastructure Specialist

Mario Suardi Senior Infrastructure Specialist

Esther Loening Infrastructure Specialist

Leslie Villegas Infrastructure Specialist

Rajesh Advani Infrastructure Specialist

Constance Polite Administrative Assistant

Daniel Coila Information Specialist

Inga Murariu Knowledge and Learning

Jessica Lopez Knowledge and Learning

Cathy Russell Communications Ofcer

Jacqueline Sibanda Communications

Luisa Mimmi Monitoring and Evaluation

Mark Njore Program Assistant

Tafadzwa Dube Portfolio Information Management

Wajiha Ahmed Portfolio Monitoring and Quality

May Yin Chan Portfolio Monitoring

Archana Narasimhan Resource Management Analyst

ANNEX 3 GPOBA TEAM


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W W W . G P O B A . O R G

W W W. O B A - D ATA . O R G

world bank, gpoba: annual report 2012

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