world bank document...pyongtaek thermal power plant will bc utilized as -sea waler for vaporizing...
TRANSCRIPT
25771
Project on Construction Workof
Pyongtaek LNG Receiving Terminal
ENVIRONMENTAL-ASSESSMAF-NT--
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Korea Elcri>o
Korea Electrc Corporatio
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Project on Construction Workof
Pyongtaek LNG Receiving Terminal
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
1981. 12
Korea Electric Corporation
113ird's-elt1eLQof LM;( Receiving Terminal
ar~~~~~~~ -
S '.~~~~-AGA,CO
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CONTENTS
1. SUMMARY .----- ------- ........ . 1
1.1 The Necessity of Project. 1
1.2 The Contents of Project . 1
1.3 Project effect .--..---------------------- 2
1.4 Principal lnfluences to the Environment .--.-. - 2
1.5 Measures and Counterplans for Decrement of Bad
Influences to Environment .------------------------------ 5
1.6 Conclusion .--.. -------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
2. OUTLINE OF PROJECT----------------------------------------------------------------------.. 6
2.1 Project Background .---....--..... 6
2.2 Aims and requirements of the Project ............................. 10
2.3 The contents of Project ..................................................... 13
2.4 Project Effect .---- 24
2.5 Selection Reason of LNG Receiving Terminal-.................... 25
2.6 The characteristics of LNG Project-.-----------------------------------27
3 . PRESENT CONDITION OF ENVIRONMENT ............................................. 29
3.1 Natural Environment ............................................................... 29
3.1.1 Climate-.................................................................................29
3.1.2 Geographical feature and nature of the soil-........... 34
3.1.3 Ocean Environment .41
3.1.4 Ecology System .................................................................. 86
3.1.5 Exploitation of Coast Region ....................................... 93
3.1.6 Natural Resources .*------------------------- 97
- 3.-
3.2 Environment for Living ----..-.-----------.. .- 104
3.2.1 Land Exploitation .*----------------------------------------------------------104
3.2.2 Air Pollution ..................................................................... 106
3.2.3 Water Environment ............................................................ 109
3.2.4 Soil ....................................................................................---- 117
3.2.5 Waste ....................................................................................- 130
3.2.6 Noise, Vibration, Nasty smell . -..-------------- 130
3.2.7 Recreation and Scenery ............................................. 134
3.3 Socio-ecomical Environment - -- --.-.-.-.-... . - 136
3.3.1 Population .-- 136
3.3.2 Industry .*------ ..-- ..----------- ..--.. ------..-------..----- 138
3.3.3 Residence . ---.. ------------------------------- ..--..-----..----------- 139
3.3.4 Traffic .................................................................................- 140
4 . INFLUENCE ON EVIRONMENT .- ... 143
4.1 Natural Environment ............................................................... 143
4.1.1 Weather .................................................................................- 143
4.1.2 Topography and Geology .................................................. 143
4.1.3 Oceanic Environment ......................................................... 144
4.1.4 Ecosystem-..............................................................................148
4.1.5 Natural Resources ............................................................ 149
4.2 Living Environment .... . -----.--.---.. .-- ..... ---- 150
4 .2.1 Land Use ...................... ---.. -----------. ------------------------. 150
4.2.2 Air Quality .*---- .. ----------- 150
4.2.3 Water Environment .*------------------ - .-.-------------------.150
4.2.4 Soil CondltiQn .---........ ----.... --..-....-- 150
4.2.5 Waste Materials . -------- --------------- .......... 150
- ii -
4.2.6 Noise, Vibration and Stench ........................................ 151
4.2.7 Leasure and Scenery-............................ 151
4.2.8 LNG Characteristics and Preventing of Pollution--- 151
4.3 Social and Economical Environment .*------------------------------- 155
4.3.1 Population .*------------------------------------------------------------------------155
4.3.2 Industry .*----------------------------------- ............................ 155
4.3.3 Habitation .*------------------------------------------------------------------ 155
4.3.4 Transportation .*-------------------------------------- ............ 155
5. REDUCTION PLAN AND COUNTERMEASURE FOR BAD INFLUENCE ...... 156
5.1 Natural Environment .*------------------------------------------------------- .... 156
5.1.1 Weather Condition .*---------------------------------------------------------- 156
5.1.2 Topography and Geology-.--------------------------------------------------- 156
5.1.3 Oceanic Environment. .--------------------------------- 156
5.1.4 Ecosystem-....................................................................--- 156
5,1.5 Natural Resource .- 158
5.2 Living Environment .*----------------------..----------------------------------- 158
5.2.1 Land Use .*------------------------------------------------------------------------158
5.2.2 Diffusion of Gas Prevention of Disasters .............. 158
5.2.3 Water Environment .*----------------------------------------------------------169
5.2.4 Soil Condition .169
5.2.5 Waste Material .169
5.2.6 Noise, Vibration, and Stench .169
5.3 Social and Economical Environment .169
5.3.1 Population .*-------- 169
5.3.2 Industry .*-- 169
5.3 3 Habitation .1----.. . 169
5.3 4 Transportation .. 169
6. UNAVOIDABLE INFLUENCE ON ENVIRONMENT . ........ .------.... 170
6.1 Natural Environment . 170
6.1.1 Weather .170
6.1.2 Topography .- 170
6.1.3 Oceanic Environment . 170
6.1.4 Ecosystem .* 170
6.1.5 Natural Resource .170
6.2 Living Environment . 170
6.2.1 Land Use .170
6.2.2 Air Quality .*- 170
6.2.3 Water ENvironment .-----..---..-------------..--- 170
6.2.4 Soil Condition --------------- ..------------- ..------- .... ----. 170
6.2.5 Waste Materials . --------.... ----.... -------..-- 170
6.2.6 Noise, Vibration, and Stench .*-------.--------.----.--170
6.2.7 Leisure and Scenery .*----------..----------..------------------------------170
6.2.8 Pollution by Leaked Gas of LNG .*---------------------- 171
6.3 Social and Economical Environment *--.----------..--.---.-----171
6.3.1 Population .---------------- 171
6.3.2 Industry .-..-.. ------..-..---....------..------------------ 171
6.3.3 Habitation .-..----------..-.. ---.. -----.. ---------.. --------- 171
6.3.4 Transportation .*---..--------..---.. -----.... ----..----------- 171
7. OVERALL ASSESSMENT AND CONCLUSION *---------------...---------.------172
8. RELATION THE OTHER BUSINESS AND OTHER LAW *--.---.. - 175
9. OTHERS .*-----..-------......---..-..-..-.. -----........ ----------..-..- 176
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I1. SUNMY
1. 1 The Necessity of Project
In the long-range energy demand-supply plan of Korca, it has been required
ot diversification and long-term stable procurement of energy sources for
the purpose of steady economic growth. Especially, the anxiety grows in
petroleum sector.
The Government has passecd a resolution in favor of importing LNG (Liquefied
Natural Gas) as a energy substitution schemc and pushed the construction
work of receiving reservoir.
By the completion of this work, diminution of the dependency upon
petroleum, ancl changing of lucl for the use of urban into gaseous fuel, and
effects of preventing environment lrom pollution are expected.
1.2 The Contents ot Project
This project is a construction work of LNG Receiving Terminal, which locate
in Kyonggi-do, Pyongtaek-gun, Posong-myon, Wonjong-ri.
On 198,000 m 2 of site which lies west of Pyonglaek Thermal Power Plant, and
on additional lot of 118,000 m 2 of Ievelecl grouncd, LNG storage tanks,
vaporization facilities piping facilities and accessory equipments are to
be constructed.
Therefore, the dredging work of about 125,000 m 2 for harbor and
navigation route of the LNG vessel, ancd berthing equipments for unloading
process of LNG are to be built also.
- 1-
The construciton work ot Seoul-Inchon district of laying main pipes
underground reaches to 64.7 km f'rom receiving reservoir to Seoul-Inchon
diverging point, ancl from this point 29.2 km for Seoul main pipes and 23.1
km for Inchon main pipes.
On the other hand, dredging amount of navigation route and harbor is
10,800,000 m 2.
1.3 Project etfect
From the latter half ot 1984 anticipating completion pf the first stage
consiruct work of this project LNG will be usecl as subslitute of heavy fuel
oil at Pyongtack Thermal Power Plant and from the end of 1987, LNG will be
used as fuel for Inchon 'I'hermal Plower l'lant and fuel for urban l'or
Seoul-Inchon area. Thereupon, it will be el'l'ective in diminution of
petroleum dependability and environmen1al pollution in view of lNG is being
clean energy and in diminution ol air pollution by replacing anthracite
fuel for the use of urban to gaseous lNG.
On the other hand, because of LNG being ultra cold liqjuid, it is expected
that industries related using cogeneration should be promoted.
1.4 Principal Influences to the Environment
1.4.1 Natural Environment
1. Wheather
There will be no influence by this project.
- 2-
2. Topography, Geology
It is considered that there would be little influence by this project.
Only there will be some changes of topography of the receiving
reservoir nevigalion clrcdging, of ground site where to cast away of
dredged soil, and ol harbor lacility, and also ol' the stone pit for
building materials for this construction, work.
3. Ocean Environment
When the project is completed, the warm draining water from existing
Pyongtaek Thermal Power Plant will bc utilized as -sea waler for
vaporizing LNG and for this reason it is considered the ellect ol the
warm draining water will be decreased about 10% and which will give
some elfect of recovering the Ocean environmen1 in Original State.
And at the time of casting away of dredged soil navigation route
dredging work, the amount of Suspended Solids (S.S) would increase
regionally beausc of outflow of mucidy watcr. But this amount will be
about 50mg/l, which is the equivalent amount in bad weather.
4. Ecological System
So the water temperature will come clown due to this projec1, we expect
that the influence all'ecting to the Ocean ecological System by warm
draining water f'rom Pyongtack 'I'hcrmal Power Plant shouldl be clecreased
a little. And on the vicinity ol the site casting away of the dredged
soil Irom the work place ol navigation route, it is relatively high
dry beach where the various ocean organisms wouldl not survive, and it
is considerecl that the influence will be almost none to the ecologycal
system which caused by the increase of Suspended Solids(S.S), when the
drcdged soil wastled out if lhc cmbankmcnl bc built in advance.
- 3-
5. Fishery Resource
Due to this project, fishery ground casted the dredged soil and the
fishing ground in lhe vicinity of navigalion route (5 cases of direct
influence and 30 cases of indirect influence) will become either cease
to exist or be influenced a little, so it has to be adjusted by
appropriate compensation for this matter.
1.4.2 Living environment
I. There is no any particular inlluence to the utilization ol land, the
nature of the atmosphere, the nature of the soil, and waste clump.
2. Noise, Vibration
The equipments ihat are sources of noise andl vibralion are to be
installated in the building, therefore there will be no influence of
them.
3. Leisure, Scenery
There isn't any particular influence
1.4.3 Socio-economic Environment
1. Population, Industries
Alter the base is constructed population will be increased and
industries will be activated.
2. Residence
Hence the residence hall will he built1 al ihe same lime of the
terminal construction, residence cnvironmcnt shall be improved.
3. Traffic
Hence the roads shall be maintained in good order prior to the
construction of the base, the overlancd transportation shall become
more convenient.
1.5 Measures and Counterplans for Decrement of Bad lnfluences to Environment
1.5.1 Counterplans lor Natural Environmenl
Bad influences caused by implantation of this project is not
remarkable. Ilowever, when dredged soil of navigation route is wasted,
the amount of Suspendecd Solids (S.S) would increase because of
discharged muddy water, and we can solve this problem by building
enbankment and inner ant ierosion work.
And then we will give appropriate compensation for 3 cases of lishery
grounci in the clisposal place of dredgecl soi , ancl 5 cases of navigation
route and its vicinity.
I.5.Z Counterplans for Living Environment
It should be considered of bad influences to living environment by
leakage or LNG gas.
Compared %ith LPG, weight of lING is lighter and its ignition point is
higher, so LNG has little possibility ol explosion.
- 5 -
As a advancework, it is esscntial to utilize high-safety facilities and
to improve skills of operation management for the purpose of accident
prevention.
Moreover, by the aid of detcctors, alarms, and safety cducations,
accidents can be reduced considerably.
1.5.3 Socio-economic Counterplans
Due to the accomplishment ot this project, local socio-economical
activities will be promoled, therelore counterplans lor bad intluences
are oa no use.
1.6 Conclusion
From now on, we think collectively influences to natural environment,
living environment, and socio-economic environment of our project.
First as for influence to natural environment, considering thc decrement of
bad influence of warm drainage by 10% , it brings some effect of recovering
ecological system.
However, when dredge(d soil or navigation route is wasted, Ihe amount ol
Suspended Solids (S.S) would increase because of discharged muddy water, we
can prevent bad influences in advance by building embankment and inner
antierosion work.
And by giving appropriate compensation lo disposing place of dredged soil
and its vicinity fishery ground, we shouldl take special attention not to
incur popular complaints.
Second, bad influences to living environment would be pollution by leakage
of LNG gas.
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2. OUTLINE OF PROJECT
2.1 Project Background
The Government has passed a resolution of the basic plan regarding the
importation of liquid Natural Gas (LNG) and the construction of the
receiving reservoir as a part of a stable secure of the energy resource and
the reasonable adjustment schedule of energy supply-demand structure for
the steady economic growth and the delail of drive are as noted in the
followings.
* 78. 9 Foreign investigation of lNG project status (Economic Planning Board,
Ministry of Energy - Resourse)
* 79. 6 Implementation of Survey Work for the valdity of importation and
the use of LNG. (KEPCO - DAEWOO Engineering Co., Ltd.)
* Recognition of the validity of Importation
* 81. 1 Check possilbility of import from LNG producing country.
* 80. 3 LNG Supply Offer at visiting of Indonesia's Minister of Mining Energy
to Korea.
0 80. 5 Basic investigation for Construction of LNG Receiving Terminal (Planing
Group to drive Hleavy Chemical Industry - Korea Engineering Co., Ltd.)
* Selection of the vicinity of Asan Bay as most suitable site.
-- 8-
0 80.10 Report of "Basic Principles of Gas Importation" (No.24'th Econimic
Minister's Council)
* Mutually Agreed upon Principles of Basic Scheme for Gas Importation.
* 81.10 Make an offer for long-term supply of LNG
(KEPCO - Pertamina co., Indonesia)
* 1,500,000 Tons I Year from Aug. 1985.
Add 1,500,000 Tons I Year from 1987.
0 81. 1 Mutually Agree upon LNG Supply Principle between both Country
At visiting Indonesia by Minister of Energy - Resource
0 81. 4 Pass resolution "Basic Scheme ot I.NG Project"
(No. ll'th Economic Minister's Council)
0 81. 5 Dispatch of working - level task lorce group for the survey of LNG
importation
0 81. 6 Pass resolution for draft ol shortening construction period of LNG
project
* Setup Shortening Plan ol Construclion Period for Receiving resources
pursuing Request of shortening Inclonesia's LNG Supply Period.
* Revise to shortened importation period from Aug. 1985 to June 1984.
- 9-
2.2 Aims and requirments of the Project
Econimic Planing Board has stated in May, 1980. In their long term energy
supply-demand scheme that total energy demand for 1986 will be 59,873,000
tons on the basis ol' conversion into petroleum and this shows 7.14% annual
increase compared with 1980's 39, 568,000(tons (Table 2.2-1).
In this statement the dependency of petroleum has decreased from 62.7% to
49.8% and on the contrary of this, the demand of natural gas has as a new
energy source in line with the extension of atomic energy. The petroleum
takes up an half of energy consumption structure. The resource secure
policy takes of the oil producing country, price hike and biased
distribution of the crudeoil import dealer to middle east country are the
bottleneck in oil secure in the future. Thereupon it is one of urgently
required energy policy to reduce the oil dependency by adopting substitute
energy.
The supply-demand status of the urban l'uel which is directly coupled with
the national life shows that 70% of national life are rely on the fuel of
anthracite coal and production increase rate of coal become dull to show of
annual 1.2% against 4.4% of annual increasing in the supply-demand of the
fuel. It is required to convert the urban fuel to the gas as a reducing
policy measure of urban pollution and convenience sale to use as home fuel
being accompanied with national income increase in addition to the above
tact.
The natural gas is evenly scattered in the world and not only buried pretty
amount in the underground but also it, keeps stability particulary in use as
-10-
Non-pollution and high calory encrgy and rclatively the price has kept in
stable comparing with other energy and the term of LNG supply is longer
period than 20 years. Therefore it become necessary to import LNG in order
to convert urban home fuel to Gas which is enable us of long term and
stable secure of it and materialize policy of oil restriction. Hence our
country is yet in poor of performance record of LNG use and it is
impossible practically to create large quantities of demand of the urban
fuel all at once. As a first step of measure we decide to import annually
1,500,000 tons ol LNG and use most of them as a luel lor the power
generation and in line with it build up the foundation for the gasfication
of the urban luel aiming to import 3,000,000 tons annually which is
economic unit and as a second step of measure we import additional
1,500,000 tons of LNG annually to benefit to use as home fuel in
Seoul-Inchon area and fuel as power generation as well.
LNG is need as a luel for general industry purpose in addition to power
generation and urban home fuel LNG has not only usefulness as for raw
materials of chemical industry where to utilize methane of LNG's staple
ingredient, but also anticipated it's increase of supply-demand as a fuel
for reactors, furnaces, boilers of large capacity in chemical industries
and iron and steel mills in the sence of settlement of SOx problems which
arousing from the fuel system of traditional coal and heavy fuel without
doubt. And also LNG is expected lo promole ihe relaled indusiry with the
liquified separation of Air, ultracold warehouse and, Power Generation
utilizing coldheat which is industry utilizing cogeneration etfectively at
heatexchanger in the vaporization process by about-160 °C of ultracold
liquid.
Table 2.2-1 Demand-supply Forecast of D)omestic Energy
(unit petroleum conversion 1000t)
YearSector 80 % 86 % 91 %
Total Energy 39,568 100.0 59,873 100.0 82,780 100.0Demand
Domestic Energy 11,195 28.3 11,170 18.6 12,089 14.6
llydraulic Power 523 1.3 726 1.2 1,374 1.7
Anthracite Coal 7,909 20.0 7,967 13.3 7,631 9.2
Firewood and 2,765 7.0 2,236 3.7 1,968 2.4Charcoal
Solar Energy 241 0.4 1,116 1.3
Imported Energy 28,373 71.7 48,703 81.4 70,691 85.4
Petroleum 24,833 62.7 29,777 49.8 34,349 41.5
Gas 377 1.0 3,720 6.2 8,744 10.6
Coal 2,113 5.3 7,816 13,1 13,017 15.7
Atomic Energy 1,050 1.7 7,390 12.3 14,581 17.6
NOTE) This schedule is temporary source and shall be fixed on the basis of the
outcome of joint evaluation work for energy by Korea and American, and at
the fixedness ol economic index of 5'th 5 years plan.
-12 -
2.3 The contents of project
1. Location : Kyonggi-do, Pyontack-gun, Posung-myon, Wonjong-ri (the
vicinity of Pyongtaek Thermal Power Plant
2. Project performer: In charge of KEPCO until established of public
corporation ol lhe company
3. Details of performance
Details of performance of this project are as shown in the following tablc
and charts.
Table 2.3-1
(1) Site PlanUnit : m 2
Items ]st stage 2nd slage
Existing Site 198,000
Additional Site 30,000
New Site 79,000
228, 000 79,000Total Area
307,000
-13 -
Fig. 2.3-1
Layout drawing of LNG Receiving Terminal
X \ 1st ~Stage t>_ S >~~~~5- Storage TFank
W . _ g (.~~~~~ommo, Dandglleavy Fuel Supporting Uralr.gC
,_ ._ _ _ Oil ank facilities Ou
WatcrdInta Stkge
Compressor
-14_
Table 2.3-2(2) Facility Schedule of Receiving Reservoir
CLASSIFI- IST STAGE 2ND STAGE ADDITION TOTAL CAPACITY REMARKSCATION
CAPACITY 1,600,000 1,600,000TONSIYEARS 3,200,000TONS/YEARS GIVE PROVISION TO lOADINGTONSIYEAR OPERATION BY INSTALLATION
OF UNITS OF TRANSFER3ARMS PIPING AND 2 UNITS OF
UNLOADING ARM (EVEN-THOUGH ONE UNIT OF UN-
LAODING 2-20"LNG 3 AIRS LOADING ARM BUT POSSIBLEFACILITY lIQUID 2-20" LNG IlQUID OF LOADING OPERATION AT
1-16 LNG 1-16 LNG VAPOR PIPING TROUBLEVAPOR
STORAGE 4 TANK- 2 TANK- 95,000m"3 6tank - 95,000m&3 TYIPE : 2 OF ABOVE'T'ANK 95,000Um3 GROUND ME'I'AL
SINGLE DOMESUSPENDED DECKPERUTE FORMGLASS6EAL. LANG GASFOUNDATION:CAISSON PILE
LOW 3 IJNIT-95TON/ 3unit-95TON/lIR UNIT SEAWATER TEMPERATURE:PRESSURE HR UNIT 8 °C BASISVAPORIZER
HIGH 2UNIT-1O5TON/ 2UNIT-105TON/IIR UNIT 4UNIT-IO5TON/IIR UNIT SEAWATER TEMPERATURE:PRESSURE HR UNIT BELOW 8 °CVAPORIZERSUBMERGEO 2UNIT-125TON/ 2UNIT-I25TON HR UNIT SUBMERGED VAPORIZER
HR UNIT OPERATE AS SUPPLEMENTVAPORIZER 2UNIT-RECI- 2UNIIT-RECIPROCATING USE RECIPROCATING
PROCATI'NG- COMPRESSOR Al' NORMAL15,000 Nm 3/HR TIME CENTRIFUGALUNIT
B.O.G CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR ATLOADING OPERATION
COMPRESSOR 3UNIT 3unit centrifugal OPERATE ADDITIONALLYCENTRIFUGAL-23. 0Nm&3JHRUNIT
LOW 8UNIT-120TONI 4UNIT/120TONIIIR UNIT 12UNIT-120TONIHR FOR SPAREPRESSURE HR UNIT IJNIT LOW PRESSUREVAPORIZER
IIIGH 5UNIT-100TON/ IUNIT/lOTON/HR UNIT 6UNIT-I00TONIHR HIGH PRESSURE
PRESSURE HR UNIT lJNITVAPORIZER
-15 --
CLASSIFI- IST STAGE 2ND STAGE ADDITION TOTAL CAPACITY REMARKSCATION
RETURN 2UNIT-20,000 ZlJNIT-20,000Nm&3/HR FOR SPARE IUNITGAS Nm&3/HR UNIT UNIr
FOR LOW PRESSURE LOW PRESSURE USE OPERATE SEAWATER PUMP3UNIT-7,300TON/IIR UNIT 3TON-7,300TON/ILR REGARDLESS LOAD
UNIT
SEAWATER FOR HIGH PRESSURE IIIGII PRESSURE :3TON- FOR USE EACH ONE UNITPUMP 3UNIT-10,600TON/HR UNIT 10,6001-ON/HIR UNIT
HEATING GLYCOL UNNECESSARY OF INSTALLATIO
AND OF COOLING TOWER ANDCOOLING USE INTIRMEDIUM BOILER SUITABLE FOR LOWMETHOD P'RESSURE USE DUE TO
FREEZING POINT -60 °C)IS LOW AND NO GENERATIONOF CORROSION ONFACILITIES AND POLLOTION
-16 -
Process Flow Diagram of Receiving Reservoir (Aller Completion ot 2nd Stage Work)
Reciprocating CompressorReturn Gas Blower G
STACK F . FLA\HGAS Centrifugal Compressor Fuel for LNG base
Compressor Suction Drum _ I Power
Kyong-a n Ahreal oe
C i @ Air < _ L __ l ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~VENT STACK
I < I 8 o G L- A tr--Fu~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Fel I
__ _ _ Scaw~~~ater Pump Air
Storage-T-ank -. ., G~NG Return Pumi) Kyon-in Area
Low Prssure Vtaporator Submerged Evaporator
Low Pressure Pump L..
aeo c. _ Cooling Seauater for PowerPlant 2
I lligh Prcssure Gas:Seawater
__L tJso _ <_ Lcgcnd
High Pressure Pump L L -High Pressure E.vaporat.or
Table 2.3-3
(3) Main Piping Plan
Items Details Remarks
Design Flow Main lPipe : 380Inchon Pipe 272Seoul Pipe 203 1450NW (250X2, 325X2, 300X1)
'2000 Maximum Expecting Demand1,100,)000tonlyear basis
Operation Pressure Entrance : 50
Exit : 8.5
Pipe Design Pressure 60
Pipe Specification API 5L X 60 Ihickncss 9.52 mm
.Pyongtaek-Diverging 64.7km -26" CLASS 2 - CONSTRUCTION BPoint.Diverging Point- 29.2 km -20" CLASS 4 - CONSTRUCTION DInchon Thermal
.Diverging Point- 23.1 km -18" CLASS 4 - CONSTRUCTION DSeoul
Pipe Coating POLYETHYLENE
Anti Corrosion Method External Electric PowerSource Iype
-18--
Fig. 2.3-3
Piping Route of Main Gas Pipe
o Uijongbu-shi
Seoul-shi0
nch h TangPuchon-shi
-; / 'nc/hon-shi - a
KtI9 29 km Pangiukmo-ri OSongnam-shiI Z72TAA , ,11
Mokkamlr _3km
Yamok-ri _Suwon-shi
Inchon < < t ~~~Paran-riI nchon
I 26'r
< e< t - 4 ~~Anjong-ri \
R )/A _ \ N PyongtackLNG Rccciving Terminal 0 n
CT, Chona'>Il
Fig. 2. 3-4
Harbor Basic Layout Drawing
-20 --
-20~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(4) Navigation Route llarbor Plan
1) Natural condition of Asan gulf
. Tide water level Max. tide water level (+) 9.386M
Base water level (± )O.OOOM
. Tidal current Max. 1.2Mlsec Average 0.8Mlsec
D Design wave height :2.IM
. Wind velocity 29MIscc (30 ycar frequency)
2) Nevigation Route Plan
. Route regal line Asan gulf south navigation route
. Route water depth (-) 14 M
. Route extention 30.5 Mile ([rom .langan island)
. Route width 400 M (one way)
, Cruising 900M, 3 places (mooring point 2 places)
. Dredging volume 10,800,000 m3
3) Harbor Schedule
. Location In on straight line ol existing oil loading berth
500M position to northwestern direction
. Berlhing schedule height: (+) 12.7M (1L+8. 0M)
. Jetty extention : 340 M
. Connection bridge extention : 460M
. Berthing dolphin : 4 unit
. Mooring dolphin 6 unit
. Loading platform I unit
-21 -
< Tab. 2.3-4 > Progrcss Schedule
-year
Items 8 1 8 2 83 8 4 8 5
7.10 7.9Basic Engineering
1.1 8.30Detail Engineering -':-...:.-- .
2.1 3.31Material Purchase -... . .
115 4 1 ~~~~~~~~~12.31 4.1 5,1LNG Storage Tank 1.15 4.1 12,1 4.1 5.1P/O base PURGE Cooling Testrun
Other Facility andl 4.1 10.,31Utility ... ..
7.10 11.30 1,1 10.31Main Pipes *_.:..z_v& a_ .........
Navigation Route. 3,1 10.31Por t y- C c --- --......
Facility Check 91.1 1.2.31
Table 2.3-5 (5) Investment Schedule
Outline of Total Investment
Unit: $1,000
StepItems Ist Stagee 2nd Stage Total Remarks
Reservoir Facility 229,381 68,390 297,771Investment
lHarbor Facility 21,200 21,200Investment
Slain Pipe Facility 40,740 40,740Investment
Sub Total 291,321 68,390 359,711
Mlanagemcnt Investment 78,138 73,138
Various Taxes & 28,531 7,274 35,805Public Charges
Project Reserves 59,699 11,350 71,049
Interest Incurred 144,383 24,002 168,385Construction Period
Sub Total 310,751 42,626 353,377
Escalation 145,973 54,846 200,819
Total 748,045 165,862 913,907
Additional Charges of 30,345 17,269 47,614Double Dome Tank
Grand Total 778,390 183,131 961,521
-23 --
2.4 Project Effect
The natural gas has been used during last 20-30 years in various field as a
raw materials for chemical industries or as a fuel for electric power
producing industries and home as a relatively new energy source and the
amount of, their consumption has come to occupy 19% of World's primary
energy. On the other hand, we are expecting the following effects are
promising on lNG Project carrying out by our country.
1. Conversion of Fuel
As we have stated in the paragraph of the necessity of project, from
1984 we will substilute annually 1,400,000 tons of heavy fuel by
imported LNG on Plyongtaek 'Ihermal l'ower and from 1987 substitute
annually 2,550,000 tons of power producing fuel including Inchon
Thermal Power, by LNG.
On the other hand, in order to mcet thriving demand of LNG as town gas
as energy source of promising urban fuel oil, LNG including LPG will
become to be supplied to 43% of total households in Seoul-Inchon area
due to the schedule of annual LNG supply of 500,000 tons from 1987 and
1,086,000 tons from 1991.
The curtailment effects will he as shown in the following table (2.4-1)
because of the utilization of LNG as substitute luel of Petroleum and
Coal.
-24 -
Tab. 2.4-1
Curtailmcnt effect /1OO 6 Ce..
Energy to be substituted '84 '87 '91
Petroleum Curtailed Amount 1,950 3,531 3,103
(Power Curtail rate 6.7 11.5 9.0Producing)
Coal Curtailed Amount 803 1,732
Home Curtail ratc 4.7 10.4
2. Use for General Industry
In the respects of points that l.NG is clean energy and good
combustibility, LNG will be utilized ellectively as fuel oil for
general Industry and prospected in lull ol promise as raw material of
chemical compounds due to high methanc crutent in LNG - in addition to
these the correlated industry u11ilizing LNG's cryogenic will be
thriving as stated previously.
3. Protection of cnvironment
The sulfur oxides and dusts in exhaust gas from large boilers and
industrial purpose boilers usiing Bunker- C heavy fuel oil are not only
polluting atmosphere but also leaking oil and suspended particles cause
water pollution. Besides the exhaust gas of anthracite coal used as
urban luel oil Irom cr-owded towns by resident will cause not only air
pollution but also dangerous to be poisoned by gas. When LNG is to use
as substitute fuel oil, it will become not only anti air pollution but
also reduce the cause of watcr pollulion because of their rerining
process prior to liquefaction to remove alomost nearly the hydrogen
suIride and organic sulfide.
2.5 Selection Rcason of LNG Receiving Terminal
Korea Engineering Co., Ltd. being commissioned Government Survey work to
implement basic survey for site selection regarding construction of LNG
Receiving Terminal reviewed in comparison with proposed site of the
vicinity of Inchon Yool-do, Torido the vicinity of Pyontaek Thermal Power
-25 -
Plant and the vicinity of Karorim Gulf. Among these sites, the vicinity of
Pyongtaek Thermal Plant was selected as most suitable site and this was
fixed at the ecomic minister's council in Feb. 1981 and the reason of this
site selection as noted in the followings.
1. The big and delinite demanding inslitution ol Pyongtaec Ihermal Plant
is adjacent to it.
2. The effective utilizalion of warm diainage is possible and it can be
treated of the boil off gas in low pressure due to the thermal power
plant is adjacent.
3. It is possible to start construction work in the shortest time because
of vacant lot adjacent to lPyontacc thermal power plant as for the use
of LNG Receiving Terminal.
4. The Icngth of expensive pipeline to Pyontacc thermal powcr plant
require shortest and there are none of the problems to make use of
Power and Water.
5. The exisling facilities of seawater intake and loading/unloading of
construction materials and equipmen1s are available.
6. The tide current flow will be Ifeble comparing with other sea area due
to the tide enbankmen1 becn conslruclcd( by inner side.
-26 -
We have advantages as above but on the contrary we have disadvantages too
such as required dredging work on the navigation route for transport ships
which is near of Bang-do and Ne-do. Thc schedule of the dredging work is
to start f'rom the first part ol' 1982 al'ter the engineering of dredging work
for navigation route by the end of 1981.
2.6 The characteristics of LNG project,
In LNG project, thcre arc charactcristics difl'crcnt from fucls of pctroleum
oil such as crude oil, hleavy fuel oil, and Naphtha and'they are as noted in
the followings.
l. The importation of l.NG is going through 1hc procedure of closed system
consistently from gethering of Natural gas - Liquefaction - Vapori-
zation - Consumplion and it has character to be out on production at
order basis because of the supplier and demand of it being decided at
the beginning stage.
2. 11 iFs required the special and sophisticated technique in the building
of tramsporting ship, construction of receiving reservoir and
liquefaction terminal because of [.NG is cryogenic fluid of - 162 'C.
3. It is recluired huge capitals to buildl various f'acilities ranging from
liquefying to receiving special technique, materials and facilities,
and also LNG project is large in scale.
-27 -
4. The purchasing contract term of LNG is normally 20-25 years of long
term and we have a critical condition to follow that ol receiving
invariable amounl annually thru it is cnergy of high rigidity in
nature. Therefore it is required to secure stabic demander who receive
and consumc invariabily t1hc largc amouni of I.NG - in thc Iongtcrm.
5. In order to manage consistanily l.NG project in the longtcrm It is
required of cblaborating technical managemcnt and controlling schedule
in systematic linking with each factor such as liquefaction,
transportation, receiving andl consuming that are project components.
-28 -
3. PRESENT CONDITION OF ENVIRONMENT
3.1 Natural Environment
3.1.1 Climate
1. Climate Outline
Korea belongs to the middele lalitudinal zone and belongs to zone
of westerly wind, and in this country very variable in the climate
as it located betwecn thc Asia and the lPacific occan. In winter
season cold and dry wind from the north and north west blows,
according to the air pressure distribution of west high and east
low type. In summer season hot and humid wind from the south blows
in spring and fall season. There is no fixed direction of wind and
the power of wind is mild bul sometimes blows tempest. Northwest
wind in winter scason is eminently stonger than south wind in the
summer season, especially wind ol west coast in Korea is stronger
compared with that of east coast.
2. Seasonal Climate
(1) Spring Scason (March, April and May)
As siberia high air pressure, cold and dry continental air
group, which expanded strongly in winter season is weaker and
weaker, south and southwest winter often appears in April and
May because mobile high pressure otten passes.
-29 -
(2) Summer Season (June, July and August)
As a continental high air pressure is sharply weaker and North
pacific high air pressure develops, high temperature and damp
south or southeast seasonal wind blows and a rain front moves
north direction so a rainy season starts from the end of June
or the biginning of July.
Form the end of July a rain front retreats and sultriness
continues Meanwhile air temperature sharply increased to the
highest temperature all around the year.
(3) Fall Season (Scptember, October and November)
As north pacific high air pressure retreats and a continental
high air pressure develops gradually to mobile. high air
pressure, a clear climate appears in this season. Northwest
or North seasonal wind blows eminently and typoon appears
considerably often.
(4) Winter Season (December, January and Feburary)
Northwest seasonal wind transports cold and dry air of siberia
air group to our country, it is very cold and dry in this
season, when this air group is weaker warm weather appears so
there is a alternation of three cold days and four warm days
as a seasonal characteriztic.
3. Climate Characteristics
According to climate observatory informations on Asan (latitute
360 47'N, longitute 1260 59'E) over the eight, years (1972-1979) of
-30 -
thc central meteorological officc, Climate characteristics of Asan
area is as follows.
(1) Air pressure
Annual average air pressure of asan area is 1016.9mb. In
winter scason Air pressurc appears higher (December: 1025.3mb
and January : 1025.5mb) and wind velocity is high by force of
a high difference horizontal air pressure. In summer season
low air pressure (July : 1007.1mb) and low wind velocity
appears to the contrary.
Table 3.1.1-1 Climate Data ol Asan
Month 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 AllItem Year
Aug TempiMonth -2.3 -0.6 4.1 11.4 16.3 21.1 25.0 24.9 19.8 13.4 5.7 0.0 11.6
Frostday/Month 27 24 20 3 - - - - - 1 15 26 116
Foggyday/Month 2 - 2 1 2 2 3 5 4 6 3 3 33
Amount of 30.5 31.8 59.9 113.0 84.0 140.5 237.0 292.5 107.0 45.0 54.4 29.2 1225.4Precipitation/Month
Data : Annual Report on Climate
-31 -
Fig. 3.1.1-1
WIND ROSEASAN ( 1972-1979 )
0 04
NW 007 ,.
S ~ ~ ~ ~ : k
LE GEND
- 0.3-5 4 MIme
I 13.9 mi/,.
t 4 6 a%
SCALE
-- 32 -
(2) Air temperature
Annual average air temperature of Asan area is 11.6°C and it
is comparatively warm in spring season meanwhile there is a
big difference between the highest air temperature in summer
from the lowest air temperature in winter. Annual air
temperature difference is 27.3°C (lowest -2.3°C in January and
highest 25.0°C in July). According to observatory
informations from 1972 to 1979, the extreme highest air
temperature was recorded dated July 20 1972 (35.3°C) and the
extreme lowest air temperature was recorded Dated January 24
1974 (-21.4 0C).
Annual average frosl day ol Asan area are 116 days among the
rest 77days belongs to Dccember, January and February.
(3) Relativc Humidity
Annual average relative humidity is 69% and especially in
rainy season reaches to 76-81% annual foggy days of Asan.
(33days) are relatively fewer than that those of Incheon and
foggy days happen mainly in rainy season.
(4) Amount of lPrecipitation
Annual amount of precipitation is as much as 1225.4mm and
approximately 54% of that and peak of is concentrated on in
June and July. There is sometimes a big flood in rainy
season.
- 33 -
(5) Wind direction and velocity
Northwest wind prevails gradually from when pacific high air
pressure retrcats in Scptember to March next year. Appearance
possibility of calm wind slower than 0.3m/sec is 3.54% and
that of strong wind faster than 5.Smlsec is 24.7%. There are
much winds faster than 5.5m/sec in winter and spring season
and its possibility is approximately 6.0%. Annual average
wind velocity is 3.7mlsec and it is at its strongest 4.4mlsec
in spring and at its weakest 3.1m/sec in summer.
(6) Other extraordinary climate
Over the last twenty years, number of typhoon invaded our
country is approxilmately 24 and it happened generally in July
and August. Typhoon happened at August 8 1962, when OPAL
landed throuth Ong-Jin peninsular its central air pressure was
989mb, its maximum velocity was WSW 21.7m and it continued
under the average velocity laster than lOm/sec for 8hours.
3.1.2 Geographical feature and nature of the soil
A geographical features and the nature of the soil of this land was
investigated according to investigation method and category
mentioned-belows.
(i) Influential range of this land was established within 16km radius
from the center of this land (hereinafter called as "Central Area")
The establishment of a radius 16km should be proper to LNG base
-34-
construction, its danger and pollution load should be lower than
those of a atomic power plant.
(ii) Geographical feature of Central Area is Classitied into two parts
for convenicncc's sakc, that is land part and sea part. In this
part land part is mainly expressed and sea part will be expressed
later. Land part is classified into coast sand hill, alluvial flat
district, hilly distict, mountainous district and reservoir etc.
and then they are investigated. (Figure 3.1.2-1 and Table 3.1.2-1)
(iii) Investigation method was based on every kinds of references and
informations available and it was added and amended after a field
survey. Efficient work for investigation was performed during a
short period becausc an air photo was considerably correspondent to
the results of a field survey.
l. Topography
Central Area locates the central west coast side and it is
surrounded with the west face Yellow Sea, South face Asan day, East
face the provine of Pyeong-tack and North face Namyang tide
embankment. Central Area is mainly composed of many low hilly
districts and alluvial districts etc. in consideration of all land
of Korea. Meanwhile a Coastline is rias which is complicate and
various type. From the land to submarine a gentle slope is formed
to a continental shelf. Ilowever there is a very sharp slope at the
border between the land and the sea. However there are many sharp
slopes at the border between the land and sea, especially in case
-35 -
of residual layer at the border of the land mainly because the
residual layer of this area belongs to precambrian layer and there
is a big range of tide. When the land part of this central area is
expressed in more details, it belongs to low districts within Korea
as mentioned-above and there arc no high mountains, there are only
dispersed mountains independently if any for cxample southeast face
22 km away. Sulin mountain (363m) and KoJong mountain (205.8m),
Northeast face 23km away Roobong mountain (252m) arc only existing
when the center of this central area is considered. Except those
mountains there is no mountains higher than 200m within radius 20km
from lhe center. The mounlains of ceniral Area is consisting of
mainly low mauntains and hilly districs around lOOm above sea
level, there is a only one small river named Moomyungchun.
In the central Area only Balanchun is flows into the Namyant-Ho, in
the area far more than 16km from the center Jinwichun and
Ansungchun are flowing into Asanmanho, Sapkyuochun is flowing into
Sapkyoho. Total distributed area of Ililly districts and mountain
area is 1.68% (13.50 km 2) compared to total area of central region
and 2.77% compared to only land part of central Area. (Refcr to
figure 3.1.2-1, 2 and Table 3.1.2-1) Area ratio of the sea part to
the land part is approximately 4:6, when the area of reservoir is
contained in the sea area, Area ratio is increasing by 3% to
4.3:5.7. Geographical feature of the land part could be classified
in the area order as follows. Low hilly area (159.2 km 2),
alluvial flat area (118.65 km 2), alluvial area between valley
(115.25 km 2), (39.25 km 2) reservoir (25.25 km 2), mountain bottom
layer (15km 2) and mountainous area (13.5 km 2), coast
-36 -
sandhill (0.65 km 2) and othcrs (0.25 km 2). Low hilly area
occupies the main portion of type high land and it is corroded and
weathered severely because its startum mainly belongs to pre-cambic
era. Alluvial district is distributed by the lorm of type or plain
land.
It is accumulated stratrum ol sand particles which is transported
by water transport action and in principle it accompanies river and
brook etc.but type land could be easily coriroded and weathered to
alluvial district so alluvial district develops well and the
distributed area reachs upto 233.9 km 2 (29.08% qf total central
area and 48.03% ol' the land part).
Diluvial flateau is a convex type topography, and similar to low
hill area. But it is quite diflerent [rom low hill area that soils
property is fine grain and soil particles are combined compactly.
Covered area of diluvial tlateau 39.25km 2.
Over the last decade, Namyang-lake, Asan-13ay and Sapkyuchun tide
embankmen1 have been compleled an(I this results in the enlargement
of the land part and the reduction of the sea part to the contray.
The area ol reservoir is 25.25 km 2 (5. 19% compared to the land
part). The base of a mountain is formed at the high mountainous
district and its area of central area is very small (15 km 2).
The area of hilly district and mountainous district totally sums
upto 13.50 km 2, coast sandhill area is 0.65 km 2 and others is
0.25 km 2
-37 -
2. Geology
Suhsangun stratum is distributed largely and then the next one is
Kyunggi gneiss complex stratum. 'They belongs to to pre-cambic era.
They also belongs to schist andl gneiss which are formed by
metamorphism. The next one is alluvial layer which belongs to the
l'ourth era and is formed by weathering and erosion of the stratum.
In general the thickness of this stratum is thin hul there is a
place around the river mouth having a thickness of a stratum more
than 30m Alluvial stratum is mainly composedl ol' a small granules.
-38 -
Fig. 3-21-1
Land Use Map (within 16km radius)
w. . -3
39~~~~~~~~~ -!_i.
Fig. 3. 1.2-2 Directional Crosssecl ion of Topography
20
40-
20-
N S L 1 M 4 4.) 4644
(*t0- I__5
2 06 K U 12 8 4 4 8 12
S E
60 7 < \ ; . . _4_
40_ ___.,.__ _
bt S t. It 4 654 __ _ _ _
20 16 K. 12 8 4 0 12 60
NSW N E
40~~~~~~4
Table 3.1.2-1 Area by Topography (Within 16km radius)
Item Ratio (%)to total to thc
Geographical feature Area(km) Area Land Area Remarks
Sea surface and tideland 317.25 39.45 65.14
Coast sandhill 0.65 0.08 0.3Alluvial flat area 118.65 14.75 24.36Alluvial flateau 39.25 4.88 8.06Valley Alluvium layer 115.25 14.33 23.67Bottom area of mountain 15.00 1.87 3.08Low hilly area 159.2(0 19.79 32.69Hill and Low hill 13.50 1.68 2.77Reservoir 25.25 3.14 5.19Others 0.25 0.03 0.05Subtotal 487.00 60.55 100.00
Grand total 804.25 100.00 165.14
3.1.3 Ocean Environment
1. Submarine Topography
LNG Receiving Terminal locates at the southwest of Namyang tide
embankment is supposed to be prepared by the reclamation of a
tidelancd which contains main water strcam ol Asan bay to water
stream of Namyang-Lakc.
-41 -
Fig. 3.1.2-3 Reconnaissance Geologic Map
12246
I~~~~~~~~a I 27'-t
_LEGEND
___ Seosoi' GroLp (Pre -Cayrbr ion)
c lO 0 Va 9fiO Gyeorngg G.rets Com*~x (Pre - Cambrian')
q ,a >. T-,t~
DaeDo Granite , iurassic)
A 4 1° °°' Alluviurr (Quaternary)
0 5 10 15krn! !
-42 -
Submarine topography is shown in figurc 3.1.3-1. Watcr depth 5m
and *** type is formed wihtin a diameter 200m range at the front
side ol Namyangho. From here waler depth Im and width 50-lOOm is
connected to the main water way ol Asanman. Water area of the
front side of Namyangho is approximately 4.6km2, the remnant except
approximately 0.7km is a tideland. The heighl ol a ticdeland is
generally around 2-7m above the lowest level during the ebb period
and a tidal watcr is tilled at high tide during the middle period
of flow. Water area and the quanlity ol lidal water is shown in
Table 3.1.3-1.
Table 3.1.3-1
Classification Ebb & Flood Spring Middle NeapTide Tidc Tipe
Flood Tide 8.6 7.5 6.4
Ebb Iicle 0.7 1.8 2.9
Flood Tide 4.6 4.6 3.9
Ebb Tide 0.7 1.0 1.5
22,899 X 10^6 17,839 X 10^6 13,164 X 10^6
2,454 X 1()6 3,829 X 10 6 7.314 X 10^6
-43 -
On the other sicde, diameter ol Asan gulf mooring site is about 2km,
depth ol it is 11-20m, and property ol sea bottom soils is sand or
rock. Entrance of main navigalion route is Pung-Island which
locates in northwestern ol same 13ay, the distance is about 40km,
width is about 2-4km, depth is 10-30m, but northern route is
interrupted reclamation rocky Lone 0of eastern Pang-island.
2. Wave
According to observatory inlormalions ol waves lor a year (July
1980 to May 1981) main wave clirection is NW. The possibility of
Wave height lower than 0. 5m is approximately 65% in December,
September to February except l)ecember (80-90% ), March, April and
June (95%) and May, July and August (100%). The frequencies of
wave, which have wave heighl higher than l.Om ancl 2.Om are 1.2 %
and 0.3% respectively, they happens september to July. Meanwhile
happening days ol wave which have the height higher than l.Om is
approximately 20 days during fall and winter season. Since there
isn't long-term investigation, we cannot mention about hanges of
coast line. Neverlheless, we know at present the fact that due to
the construction work of Namyan-l.ake. Asan-Lake. Sap-gyo-Lake, the
velocity of tide flow, that is, tide quantity) was decreased. It
cause accumulation phenomena ol clay on sand bar in the Bay. And,
it was cleared up that central sedimenis in ihe Bay was movecl and
increased by comparison of a maritime figure about with old one.
-44 -
a78 .79 ISO IS: IB
M',Goo n-r i-Fig. 3.1.3-1 Submarine Topography in thc vicinily of'
LNG Receiving Terminal
\ \ \ ~~~~~~~~~KYEONGGI DOX~~~~~~~~HWASEONG GUN'
-<--- .- ' 4 NAMYANG HO
S _ __ ,, \ , 5i"°"~~~~~o Pyeongtoeg T PP
'N ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~o
-45
Table 3.1.3-2 Monthly Emergence Ratio by Flow Directionby Flow Height of Asan-Bay
unit:-%Mon ___49_- tal
ith Dr Height N NE E SE S SW w NW Cal Tota
1980 0.50-0.99 2.5 1.7 I 95.8 100
1.00-1.99 I i
June 2z, 0 0- 2, 9 9 i
.3 00 1 ITotal I , I 2.5 1.7 95.8 100
0.50-0.9 i 100 10C
1.00-1.99
Juiy 2. 00- 2. 9 9
3.00 ,
____ Total '100 11000 .50-o.99 I i1o01. 0i-1.99 I ,
Augustl 2.00-2.9v '
3.00
, Total __ ___ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ '1 loo 10.50-0.99 0, 0.8 0.8 i 16.7 89.2 98.3
; SePt 1 2.00-2.99 7 .,
3.00 I i ,
I Total | 0.8 0.8 j 10.81 8.4 89.2 10'0.50-0.99, 0.8 0.8 1 1.6 7 73 78.2 I 88.71
1.00-1.99 :0.8 8.1 8.9
I Oct 1 2.00-2.9 9 2 . 4 2.41
13.00 j
Total !1.61 ' 10.8 1.6 117.8 78.2 100
10.50-0 .99 | 0.8 1.8 5.8 90.1 97.5
1.00-1.99 i 12.5: , 2.5YIOV 2 .00-2.9Y 9'
3.00 F ji
Total | ,.0.8 0.8 I 8.3 90.1 I00
-46 -
Table 3.1.3-2 Monthly Emergence Ratio by Flow Directionby Flow Height of Asan-Bay
unit :0%
Month Dir N NE E SE S SW W Calms Total
1980 0.50-0.99 1.6 16.1 64.6 82.3
1.00-1.99 0.8 16.1 16.9
Dec. 2.00-2.99 0.8 0.8
3.00
Total , 1.6 _ 0.8 33.0 64.6 100
1981 0.50-0.99 I I 0.8 1 6.5 86.2 93.51. 00-1.99 I I I 6.5 6.5
Jan. 2.00-2.99
3.00 I ITotal _ _ 0.8 13.0 86.2 100
0.50-0.99 I 0.9 8.01 91.1 1001.00-1.99
Feb. 2.00-2.99
3.00 I I_ _Total _ I | | 0.9 1 8.0 91.1 100
] 1 0.50-0.99 ] ] ] ] 1 0.8 1.6 3.2 94.4 100
1.00-1.99
Mar. 2.00-2.99
3.00
Total | | 0.8 ! 1.6 i 3.2 94.4 100
0:5 0 .99 9 1.7 0.8 97.5 100E l~~.00-1.99 | I ! I i
Apr. 2.00-2.993.00
Total _ _ __ _ _ _ 1.7 Kp. j 97.5 11000.50-091 1 100 '100
1.00-1.99 j
May 2.00-2.99
3.00 0 I 1Tctal i |_ _ j_ J _ i | | 100 100 !
-47 -
Observatory maximum wave is IlJ3= 2.64m and TY3 = 4.5sec, Design Wave
considering 50 years is iHY3= 2.82m and IY3= 6.5sec. (Asan bay
Harbor survey, Junc 1981 Minisiry of Construction)
3. Tide
Tide of Asan bay is very consistent every days that have
11' + Hlo1 = = 0.17 and happcnes high and low cvery hall day.
Hm + HsThe average intervals ol the llood and thc cbb ticle are 4hr 23min
and lOhr 35min respectively aftcr thc moon passcs the merdion.
These are faster by 5mins than that of Incheon respectively. There
is a little ditt'erence comparecl with Incheon as tar as high -flood
(795.4cm), avcrage (573.2cm) and ebb (357cm) tidal range are
concerned. Average sea surlace is the lowest in February and the
highest in Augusl and lheir highlt diiicrence is arouncd 40cm.
Maximum highest and Minimum sea level by typhoon are 1003.8cm and
-123.36cm respeclively when a relapse of l00years is considered.
Tide levels at Asan -bay are shown in Figure 3.1.3-2 llarmonic and
nonharmonic constants ol' tides at Nomigag are shown in Table
3. 1.3-3. Those of Asan bay ancd Incheon are shown in Table 3. 1.3-4
-- 48 -
TIDE LEVELS AT ASAN BAY
Gugwhado Nomigag IncheonCm |Cm'C
I 000 I 000 984 0 Obs H H b
9oo 887 2 Approx 11 H W 930 8 900 927 0 Appro H H W860 5 H W O Tgoo 862 4 H W 0 S T8?0 5 H W 0 S T 63
600 600 o70 Boo oS6oHoW O M T 7 007G 749 6 H W 0 M T
To6o HWOM T 7520
D qo 613 1 H W O N T 640 9 a 637 0 H W O N Ttn to 600
o oo46 MS 46 400O i ~ c : : j oo 463 5 M S L0 ~004 4 36 M S L 64 0 C
| 00 2741 9 0 300 290 0 L W 0 N T-0 ,0 4 W O M00
| 'oo 667 W O00 2 T 6 64 6 L W .0 S Tzi so 00 7 pp04 S 67 300: : ::
I 100o o 0 0 ApproR L L W o o O O 0 0 Appro3 L L W
1-1400 J-)100 4-1 oo I-)101I Obs L L W
1-1200s2o i-,goo
Table 3.1.3-3 Harmonic & Nonharmonic Constants ofrTide-flow of Asan-Bay (Norm.anglc)
(1981. 6 -- 9)
Month 6 7 8 9Hm 285.8 cm 291.1 cm 288.6 cm 297.9 cm
H Hs 103.6 107.8 109.3 110.8
Ho 27,0 29.5 28,9 31.6
H 36.4 36.6 1 43.2 43.7
Km 125.9' 126.8 126.5' | 127.1'
K Ks I 178.3 1 179.5 173.3 170.7
K 0 I 265.0 265.06 266.9
K 292.6 293.3 j 291.4 299.3t ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1
I Approx.H.H.W | 905.7 cm 929.9 cm 939.8 cm 968.2 cm
H.W.O.S.,T. 842.2 863.8 867.7 892.8
H.W.O.M.T.' 738.6 756.0 785.5 782.0
H.W.O N.T. I 635.1 648.2 649.2 ! 671.0
M.S.L. 452.8 464.9 469.9 484.1
L.W.O.N.T. 270.8 281.7 290.6 297.0
L.W.L.M.T. 167.0 1 73.9 181.3 I 186.2
l, L.W.O.S.T. 63.4 66. 1 72. 1 75.4
Approx L.L.W. 0 o0 0°. 0.0 | 0.0
Sp.Range 778.8 797.6 795.7 817.4
Mn.Range 571.6 582.1 577.1 595.8
Np.Range 364.5 366.6 358.6 374.2
-50 -
<ffi3.1.3-4 > 4JfE 2-9- oy C PIlM19 (I -;F.l )Itarm@ne {Constants and Non-harmonic Constntsi of Tides *t Gugvha Do, Hodgag andd 1icheOn
3. .i S;R- ATE-a ft till-__at zj-Gsjuvha Do __AsanX_~ -nchen _
°l L.td. NIN n37' 03 30 r 36' 59 53 N 17 2 28 8F14 l....vil. 'E _ 126_ 33 __48 F_ 26 4_7 14 126_5 i1
1980. 6. 1 - 1981. 5. 31 1980. 6. 1 - 1981.5.31. 1980. 6. t. -1981.5.31.- ~AAtrtX3 a Mi a . IFt a A 1 P di
'4,> jv1IIAj' t llr 2 73.2 K. 124.1 H. 286.6 M. 126.5 ' 289.6 K t31.3
Si I PI _: I _I - 103. 7 K- 1 172.6 111.1 * 175.4 H, 112.2 180.8
K, ill ,,(IiA'N H 38.1 K' 292.5 H 39.1 K' 294.4 H' 38.3 K' 06.5_ _ _ _ T___ __ ______ _, 28. _ 25.o, I A 1'II,1,A H. 28.6 K. 264.6 H. 28.6 K. 266.1257.
I -*-I (A_'. _K*0o ez __ coS,-H.I-I,+F I. iH. W443.6 465.4 468.9
_A 1 I;nl(: h o h i * h c'4 H. W I /29 4 18 4. 23 4 33
4LL W;I WN/e5.121 10 30 10 35 10 45
Oh. 14 H W
App'.H II W t 2x S,l 887.2 930.8 937.8I,tAl P44AVO -
H W 0 S T(S. -H.+H,I 820.5 863.1 870.7
U H W 0 MI 1,.+H-) 716.8 752.0 758.5
H.W UM T (S, FH,-H. 1 613.1 640.9 646.3' 21 AiJ ._4.S L (5.1 443.6 _ _65.4 468.__ _
+41'"nry I ,OtlL. W ON T (S.-I H.,- H.) 274.1 289.9 291.5 ____
Ci L W o M T(S.-H lI 170.4 ___ 178.8 1799.3
t. W 0 S T.lS. -(H+H,.) 66.7 67.7 67.1
AP_wo-. L. L w 1o0 0.0 0.0 0.0Iit i Alt fY
_ O°b- L L W _ I _ __
Swrl", R.., 2tF4+H,j 753.8 795.4 8 803.6
| rb* R^nge 2H. 546.4 573.2 579 .2
| zill R&j170 2(F4-H,) 339.0 351.0 354.8
-51-
4. Tidal Current
Present Condilion of Tidal Curreni al Asan Bay
Charts ot tidal current are shown in figure 3.1.3-11 - 3.1.3.13
according to thc observation ol tidal current. of Asan-Bay The
tidal current arouncl Nomigag Shows ovcr and down tide flow happens
every half a day. over ticle starts at 0.2hr al'ter ebb and reaches
to maximum velocity(90-125cmlsec) happens al 3.2hr after ebb, down
lide starts at 0.3hr bel'ore floocl and maxi'mum velocity
(90-130cmisec) happen at 3.3hr alter I'lood. Main current have a
trends towards Nomigag. Niaximum velocity at middlc and ncap tidal
peroid comparecd with that ol spring lidlal period are al the rate of
0.70 and 0.40 respectively.
-52 -
|TIDAL CURRENT VELATY-ASAN BAYClpod FLOOO EBB LIXIMUm CURRENt
t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Y W_ _~ TIDE
LEGENDS
C~~~~~~~ --
Gughwo Do / Jutong TidecndVua C-178 ASAN MAN
KYEONGIDO
;c- c > ' C- 7 W ' ' (gHWASEONG-GLN\
\ i ~~~~~~~~~~~~C-8't \
0 C-O - 6 I NAMYANG H&jc-6~~~~~~~~~~c
Jor,ng ~~~~~~~~~~C- Pon
-4, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ -C-6 ~~~~C-
<,\>< ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~-'5' ,*'°' Pyeon4to R
- -pc- V - - -- -- *_ . ___c-i _tt I _YC-
QIUNGNAM I Zr
IbPo -TIDAL CURRENT CHART ASAN BAY
FlOOC MAXIMUM CU_. X \ ~ ()(Mn SPRING iDE)At \ N\ X t: _ _ s L RATIO LEG IO
A I 100X S , , t s X Ls S X ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I - O-T 4
(Ž) ep I 00NN N. N,. ~~~~~~N.0
70 OO-I24
N -- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ N ~~~~~~0 40 IZS IR. ______g ' S \ \ -' ' N X. X,L -_X _._
"n \' \ Jungong TideIarI C . N%Gugh..a O V N 4 iSAN>4AN\
o \ N % N KYEONGIOO
N'" HWA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SEONG-GUN
-og 9 N NNA'YNG H
I~~~~~~N v, - t
NAMDANG J ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~AYAG
bpa h". 61 _ -- |TIDAL CURR CIA-ASAN BAY
__ N \ \ ,, ' , E8E MAXIMUM CURR NT
N ~ t (Mn SPRING TIDEIYELC.TY RAn1oLN~O
__ _ > . _ S _ .__ _ .ffi E __ _______ _ _ _ .1 0 70 _ 1Ix->s1-i. 8t ;YIL '''7\ L . _ 040 = e-WG1N0
Gughve Do liigang Tidelnd C/ \ . . ~~~~~~~~~' 8sCSAN MA >/
%\o~~~~~~~ - __ N -. .N' AYAN\ H
_k . . KYEONG10E tS \ > z \ \ t HAS~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EONG--GUN
05~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o0
JI ng g ohe L - __t
t _ - _" x, s > \ -. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NAM4YANG HO.
~~~~ltF -- n . _ _ <:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ym t q)> e7T R-P
... ... . su ......... \ ... .. _ . _ ........ __ . . _ ,<<e s r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~16
\ , SuaXNAM.DANGJI I
Continuous obscrvation at 2 sampling points using flowmetcr for 25
hr was pertormeci tor the purpose ol *understand the tidal current in
thc influent and cfflucs of Asan bay Pycongtack lherrnal po%cr
plant (Table 3.1.3-5)
Table 3.1.3-5 Outline of Flow Obscrvalion in Asan-B3ay (Front Drain Entrance)
Measuring ObservationPoint Date Layer location Moonage Depth
C - 1 37 ° 00' 42" N81.8.22 - 23 22.0 -,23.0 2m
(S - 2) 126 47 48 E
C - 2 37 °00' 18" N81.8.23 - 24 23.0 - 24.0 12m
(S - 4) 126 45 40 E
Extractecd results at every hour Irom cvery 20 minutes tidal
velocity and directon are shown in Table 3.1.3-7 and tidal velocity
curve depicted lrom there as a consecluence of regarding it as
reciprocating tidal current is shown in ligure 3.1.3-6.
-56 -
Table 3.1.3-6 Moment of Flow Conversion and Maximum Flow in Measuring Point
Moment ol Flow Conversion Moment or Maximum FlowMcasuringPoint Layer Bcforc Ovcrflow Bcforc Downilow Ovcrtidc Downtidc
C - I L + If 11 + h L + h 11 + h0.2 (0.4 4.3 2.8
C - 2 -0.3 -0.2 2.5 2.8
- 57 -
Table 3.1.3-7 Results of Tidal Current Observation
Date 81.8. 22 - 23 I)ale 81. 8. 23 - 24Section : Asan Section : AsanStation : C-1 Station C-2Moons Age: 22.0 - 23.0 Moons Age 23.0 - 24.0Depth : 10 m Depth 12 m
Surface Layer (2/10) Surlace Laycr (2/10) Surlace Layer (2110)
Time Vel. Dir. Time Vel. Dir. Time Vel. Dir.
hm cm/3 0 h m cml3 0 h m cm/309 00 16 313 10 00 8 7810 00 16 58 11 00 22 30311 00 16 283 12 00 46 30812 00 22 238 13 00 52 30313 00 16 248 14 00 34 30314 00 8 213 15 00 22 29315 00 0 - 16 00 16 15816 00 0 - 17 00 28 14317 00 16 193 18 00 46 12818 00 16 78 19 00 58 12819 00 22 38 20 00 34 11320 00 34 28 21 00 28 13321 00 16 3 22 00 0 -22 00 22 8 23 00 8 323 00 16 3 00 00 16 32800 00 16 283 01 00 46 33801 00 16 258 02 00 63 32302 00 0 - 03 00 28 32803 00 0 - 04 00 28 31304 00 0 - 05 00 0 -05 00 0 - 06 00 28 16306 00 0 - 07 00 40 13307 00 16 63 08 00 52 13308 00 28 43 09 00 28 12809 00 16 43 10 00 8 12310 00 8 243 11 00 8 133
-58 -
Highest tidal velocity can be obtained from tidal velocity curve and
the results are sho%n in Table 3.1.3 and Figure 3.1.3-7.8.
Tab. 3.1.3-8 Revised Maximum Flow Velocity and Constant Flow Velocityby spring Tide and Neal) Tide
Lay Overflo% Downflo% Constant flowClassifi Periocl Ticle ercation Direc Veln Direc Velo Direc Velo
tion city lion city lion city
Spring Stir- cm/sec cm/sec cm/sccC - 1 81.8.22-23 Tide tace 36 0 39 248 ° 28
Neap Sur 36 21 248 10 36 6Tide face
Spring Sur 133 79 316 84C - 2 81.8.23-24 lide lace
Neap Sur 133 34 316 39 316 3Ticle face
North and east component. curves ol the tidal velocily for 25 hrs is
used for the tidal velocily value ol every lunar time and the tidal
velocity etc. at one, Y2 and Y4 days can be obtained by a shorl
period harmonic analysis melho(l.
Partial Flow Velocity Vt at any t is (t:time)
V = Vot VI cos (15 01-KI) + V2cos (30 °t-K2) + V4cos (60 °t + K4)
Where.
-- 59 -
CURRENT CURVE
Sta c -I TideDate 1981.8 22- 23 Cm
SooCurrenlCm Sac70
50 700Tide
U2 /.-t( / // 0
o urrent / 600
W1 ~ ~ .-- \ / \ //
l fa \\s ,,/ 200
~ 18 ~12 14 16 18 20 . 22 0 2 4 6 8 IOh10
Cm/Sec-, Date: 1981.8.23 - 24
ff 25 \ ,/ X ~ ~ ~ ~ N\ // \ ,Hi \ 1 1~~~~~A" \\ - Cm
j2 0/ z X A X 4S~/
10 600 6 1 2 2 0 2 4 o
IL B 25 -
W I I-lW / ~~~~~~~~~~~5000 ~---~ -
/ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~400
25 / /300
w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
50- ~ ~ ~ ~ 200
100
t0 I 2 1 4 16 is 20 22 0 2 4 -h8 23 8 24
30 C41h/1J.
I kns/1h r
178 179 I80 818
LEGENDS Goon-rFig.. 3.1.3-7 Maximum Flow Velocity of Over and l)own Tide
F lood K s ,, //
/t '- WA;.S''wv KYEONGGI DoEbb HWASEONG GD
II, I, N
'\, ". . \ , '\ '',~~~~//
\ f >~\. S-3,- X^XX 4 * _NAMYANG HO
0
.- < -
-- 62 -
178 179 80 182
LEGENDS . Goor = ihur
S Fig. 3. 1. 3-8 Minimum Flow Velocity olf Over and D)won 1i(le
9\ \ \ ,, /v /
rN ' '\ <^
Di ~ ~ ~ x
4 1Cj f,<,,-"' I INAMYANG HO:
g ~~~> x, \>ssw aniz ~~~~~Pyeong 1aeg t P Pi
a -3
-63 -
Table 3.1.3-9 Harmonic Constants ol 'I'idal Current at Asan Bay
MI M2 N4 MO MI N14Date Mon's Age
Ax-Moon's Transit Moon's Dec Layer is Dir VI KI Dir V2 K2 Dir V4 K4 Dir 'vO M2 M12
Ocmls h 0cm/s h 0cm/s h 0cm/s1981.8.22.23 22.0dc3.Oct 1. 3.8 6.4 17.5 40 16.4.2. 1 47 5.5 7.5
C-1
1980.8.23.06.25 N13 ° 44- S 3 08 2.1 11.5 310 9.9 5.1 317 0.6 4.0 93.0 0.38 0.34
SurlaccN17 0 16' SIL 0.344 cc-. 0.601 C-CW 0.1082 C-CW
1981.8.23-8.24 23.0D-24.0d 1. 3.19 7.7 22.9 314 47.0 6.8 338 4.7 1.9
C-21981.8.24.07.01 N17 016' " 4 9 5.6 16.9 44 4.6 3.8 68 2.5 0.4 34 0.2 0.6 0.10
Nl9 045' SIL 0.72 0.0972 0.5427 C-CW
5. Water Quality
Existing and observatory data usedl for understanding characteristics
of water quality of Asan bay is as l'ollows.
(i) Existing Data
Pollution slucly for Pyconglack, Samchunpo and [llsan Thermal
Power Plant (KEPCO and KIST' 1980)
Seasonal v.aler qiualily survcy (1979, 'I'able 3. 1.3-10)
-64 -
Otb
II~ ~ ~~~~I
oz.
ol
*0I
_.. II-
01~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1
9e)D pns
OZ~~~~~~~~~O
3Sd 1553 lN38Un.
6- l~ E/D
ZI.1113 I 36 n
VO : Constant Velocity
VI, V2, V4 1, 1/2, 1/4 day Flow Velocity ot Periodic Tide Flow
KI, K2, K4 I, I/2, 114 clay Movemenl. angle ol' 1'eriodlic Tide Flow
Table 3.1.3-2 shows harmonic constants of the tidal current.
Synthetic tidal current that is obtained by connection the end
points ol' velocily veclor at a lunar lime is shown in figure
3. 1.3-9.
It will be as follows putting together what has bee,n mentioned
above. Overilow 'I'ide of Namyang-lake Ironlt (Front Drain Entrance)
begins to run northeastward at 0.2 hour after Ebb Tide, and reaches
to NMaximum Flow Velocity (Spring Tide Periodl 39cm/sec, Neap Tide
Periocd 21 cmisec). Downf'lou Ticle begins t.o run South-westwestsward
at 0.4 hour after flood Tide, and reaches reacnes to Manimum Flow
Velocity (Spring Tide Velocity 28cmlsec, Neap Tide Flow 10cm/sec).
On the other hand, in the main navigation route which is westward
enirance ol' small route, Over-flow Tide begins to run sout.heastward
at 0.3 hour before Ebb Tide, and reaches Ma\imum ilow Velocity
(Spring Tide Period 79cm/sec, Neap Tide Period 34cm/sec). Downflou
T'icle begins to run southwestwarcl at. 0.2 hour belore Flow Tide, and
reaches Nlaximum Flow Velocity (Spring 'I'ide Period 84cm/sec, Neap
Ticde Periocd 39cmlsec).
-66-
(ii) Observatory Data
a) Aug.-Sep.,1981 Continuous obscrvation of temperaturc in thc
influx and elilux (Tablc 3.1.3-11)
b) Aug.22, 1981 Asan bay water lcmperalure and salinity
(Table 3. 1.3-12, 13)
c) Aug.22, 1981 Asan bay water qjuality survey (Table 3.1.3-9)
Table 3.1.3-9Outline of Water Quality Invesligation of Asan-Bay
Classification Tester 1 2 3 '4 5 6
Observation 11.10 (18:50 09:45 10:10 10:45 11:40Movement
Depth (m) 30 7 Jl 17 15 21
'I'emperature 'I'emp. & Salls 26.6 27.9 27.8 26.5 26.3 26.5Calculator
Salts ( 1) Temp. & Salts 27.64 26.50 27.62 28.18 28.24 27.83Calculator
C 0 D (ml/l) Stricklancd & l'arsons 0.8 5.6 1.2 2.6 3.2 2.8(1968) Methocd 8.1 8.3 8.1 7.7 8.2 8.2
PH Sea bottom PH Meter 8.2 7.9 8.1 8.1 7.9propertyD 0 (mg/l) Water Quality Analyzcr5.9 5.8 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.9
Oil (mg/l) Ultrarecd Spectrono- 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2meter
Clarity (m) Secchi Dise 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.3
S. S (mg/I) Filter Paper 7.89 6.78 8.42 7.07 8.38 7.23
Nitrates Strickland & Parsons 5.76 4.72 4.86 3.33 1.74 3.89(1972) NMethod
Phosphates " 2.84 4.23 2.16 4.78 3.03 2.16
-67 -
__ 3 -1 3 -I fr> too 8 ISZ
- 5;/.wA;~oon - r -lhwo--i~
Atlas of Water Quality Investigation of the Asan-Bay
\ ~ \ X./' ._KYEONGGI DOHWASEONG GUN
EA -- -, \ \ 6 ~ s
\\ t 5 ~~~~~~~~~~~ 3~~' < NAMYANG HO
> - A \;' .R ° ISSS nRsnsbn ~Pyeongtoeg T PP
:0~~~~~~~~~
---68--------2
-68 -
Table :1.j I 10?Water Quality Report of The Asan Area
\clIass.Tempe ~ rl,m P)H 0 i1 & G rea se C C) D S S
___ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(mng/i) (mg/i) (mg//I)
tion SuLI-f a ce Miduiin I Oo)t toin 1ianige Meani Riange Meani Ilage Meaii Ranige Meani (mg,/i)
1 3.0-26.5 3.0-26.3 3,2-25 .0 7.68-8.29 7.98 1.6-:3.5 2_15 0,8-5,6 2 .40 t2,8-4 1.2 24. 53 < 0.02
2 3,.0-26,0 3 .0-25 .3 3,0-25. 0 7.78-8. 32 8.07. 1.4-3.0 2,3 5 2 .4-4.t0 3.00 22 .4- 48 .4 24, 88
3 3 .0-26,0 3,.0-25 .5 3 .0-2 5, 2 7.80 -8. 29 R.,06 1 .6-3 .3 2.,4 5 1 .6-3 ,2 2.4 3 8 .8-59. 2 18. 04
4 3. 0-26. 0 3. 0-25 .7 3 .0-25. 4 7 .8 1-8. 18 7.9 9 1.4 - 3.1 2. 29 0. 8-2.7 1. 68 12 .1-46,.0 31. 33
5) 2.8- 26. 5 3.0-26,0 3 .0-25.8 7 .80 -8. 20 8. 1 ..5- 2.7 1 .98 0. 8-:3,2 1,60 1 9. 2-4 2.4 31.00 "
6 3 .0- 26, 3 3 .0-25,.3 :3.0-25. 0 7. 82- 8,26 8.05 1. 1- 2.5 1.75 0.8- 2,4 1 .80 9,.2-38.8 24 .13 "
7 :3,2-26,5 3 .1-25. 5 3. 1-25. ) 7. 80)-8. 29 8,07 0, 8-2,.5 I1.83 1. 6-2. 4 1 .98 12.8-3 6.0 24 .5 3 "
8 3 .1- 26. 0 3.0-25. 5 3, 0-25.0 7. 79 -8,31 8. 10 0.9 -2.4 1,63 0,8-3. 2 1. 83 17 .6-1 1 6 :30,90 n
9 3 .2- 26.0 3. 0-25. 8 :3.0-25. 3 7,.80-8. 40 8. 11 1. 2-2,4 i .33 1.6-4,.0 3. 30 17 .5-26, 0 23. 18 'I
1 0 3 .2 -26. 5 3 .0-25.8 :3.I- 25.3 7 -8:3-8. 46 8, 13 1.2- 2.2 1,65 3. 6-4 .6 3. 55 24 .4-46 .8 36.60 "
II 3,s-26.*i 3.5 -26.0 3. 2-25. 6 7 .82-8 .28 8,05 0,8-2,5 1,33 1 .6-4,8 2. 80 23 .6-4 1. 6 28, 80 it
12 .3.8- 26. 2 .3.4-25.5 3,2-25, i 7 .85-8, 27 8.09 1, 1- 2.7 1,6 5 1 ,6-5,6 3, 05 22. 3-38.8 29. 38 n
13 3, 6- 26. 2 3 .6 -25 .5 3, 5-25.2L 7.8 2-8. 24 8,08 0, 6- 2,0 1. 35 1.6 -4.0 2. 45 1 9. 2-3 8.4 28,85 "
14 3.8 -26. 0 .1.6 -2 5,7 3 .5-Z5.,1 7.83- 8.34 8. 14 1 0 -3,.0 1 .73 1 6 -5, 6 3. 25 18 .1-31 .2 24 .23
15 3 .9 -26. 3 3 9- 25.8 3 .8-25. 6 7.87 8.36 8. 17 1,.2-3,fi 1 .95 0.8-:1 .2 2 .25 19 .3-32. 8 25,6 3
(l) Water Temperature
The water lemperature of Asan bay ranges from 2.8 lo 26.5 °C.
The diffecrcnces of %atcr temperaturc at surlace and inner layer
are around 0.3 °C in winter season and around 1.0 °C in summer
season.
According to continuous record ol uater temperature at
Pyeongtack coal lired power plant water temperature SOm away
from the eliluent higher than the influent by 2.7 °C in August
and by 1.9 °C in September.
According to horizontal distribution chart of water temperature
(Fig. 3.1.3-14. 15) influential area of the elfluent considler-
ing 1.0 °C increase is 1.5Km lor away.
Surface temperalure at the end of August ranges from 25.4 to
26.9 °C, at the effluent (point S-2) ancl (point S-3) it shows a
little higher temperature 26.2 to 26.9 °C compared to other
area and at other points it shows similiar range 25.4 to
25.8 °C.
Meanwhile the Aater temperature of 6m away from the surface.
There is no big diflerence all over the points and it ranges
from 25. 2 to 25. 8 °C.
The bottom temperature shows a smaller difference and it ranges
Irom 25.0 to 25.3 'C.
The horizontal and vert ical disIribuL ion of water temperature
around the ellluent and a lidelancl are higher by around I "C
at surface and 0.3 °C at sea hollom when comparecl to those of
main waterway.
- 70 -
However the surface water temperature and the sea bottom tem-
peraturc of main watcrway arc 25.6 °C and 25.2 °C respectively,
it shoAs mixing by a tidc currcnt is performcd well.
Table 3.1.3-11 Water Temperature in the Influent and E[iluent ofPyeongtaek Thermal Power Plant
ObservingPlace In!luent EF:i'luenl
36 ° 59' 53" N 37 0 00' 19"Location 126 47 14 E 126 47 52
Period 1981.8.1 - 9.3(0 1981.8.1 9.30
Instrument Kahisico 297WA - 300
Depth 4m 2m
Distance 5m SOm
Avg. August 24.3 C 27.0 C
Water Temp.September 21.2 23. 1
-71 -
28 - Water temperature ofwater drainage exit . A
8, ~Average water\. _ , ~ . temperature of
26 -L- ' >, , drainage exit
26 -"
24
Water temperature of , Average waterwater intake entrance temperature of
intake entrance
22
20
I IiI
5 10 15 20 25 30C 8-M,1981
Fig. 3.1.3-11 Water Tcmperature ol Intakc Entrancc & Drainagc Exit ofWater in Pyongteck Thermoccctric Power Plant or Asan-Bay
-72 -
28
Water temperature of
26 water drainage exit
.. .2341C
24 \ . \ , - Average water0 '( X , /~ J temperature ofL ,1 '.' '- ' ' drainage exit
22 2, 210.2Cr~Water temper/tue of /Average water
- ~~ternperature of'Water temperature of d eprainage exiwater intake entrance drainage exit
20 r
D 10 15 20 25 30 9 J,1 98 1
Fig. 3.1.3-11 Water Temperature of Intake Entrance & Drainage Exit ofWater in Pyongteck Thermoelectric Power Plant of Asan-Bay
-73-
Table 3.1.3-12 Outline of observation about %atcr Temperature & salts byLayer of Asan-Bay
Area of Observation Sea Area in lhe Vicinily of Pyunglack ThermocicctricalPo%er Plant o' Asan-lHay
Date of Observation Y'car of' 1981, 8, 22.
Items ot Observation Water Temperature, Salts (every 2m depth)
Tcstmelcr of Obscrvation TongBang-Jun Shim Salls Calculater (ECT-5)
Observation Point S - I S - 2 S - 3 S - 4 S - 5 S - 6
depth of Water 12 m 2.0 m 2.0 m 14.0 m 14.0 m 14.7 m
Distance Irom S W N E N N W S W ESEWaler Intake Entrance
0.5 km 2 km 2 km 2 km 2 km 2 km
Water 'I'emperature at 25.6 C 26.2 C 26.'9 C 25.6 C' 25.4 C 25.8 CSurface
Water Temperature 25.4 C 25.8 C 25.3 C 25.2 C 25.2 C 25.5 Cat 6m
Salts at Surtace 28.01 ' 23.48 5 27.29 % 27.65 f 29.09 % 28.01 ',
Salts at 6m 28.01 ' 23.68 % 25.84 i 28.37 % 29.09 ', 28.01 %'
- 74 --
Fig. 3.1.3-12
Vertical Distribution Chart ofWater Temperature
by Observation Point
25"C Temp. (C) 26°C Z7°C
.. m - 5S -b
3 m~~~~~~ S-Zntt oOm an - 3 2 5 2 2
6m
Bm-~ ~~-
om-
lOin
14
Vertical Distribution Chart of Salinity Fg .131-Oybservation Point' -
Sal inity( %*)022 23 -24 25 26 27 28 29
2 m S-3 S-4
4 m S
6 m S- 2Depth
Cm) 8m-
12 mi-
14 m-
-75 -
? 8 9 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ 2 52 -< lX,
38hx ~~~~~~~6 503 264
S25 6),.s \_
= )_{2 5 _ 4 _ _ _ _ X _ \ 20 2 a t 10 t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1
l 191 2\-2-) -3 8mp,a8m \ e
_ 'i 79 180 181 182
\ \ m \ \ K--.- -l ; Q ls < b~~~~~~~~NMYANG H
39D - -- - - - - -
-
389 ___ ~*~- - -- song eom PYEONGT EK TR.P
388 an -- __ _
_~~~~~~~~~~ __ IGAG~~~
6 25 3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~U
Table 3.1.3-13
8.22Classifi llh lOm 09h]Om 0.9h 40m lOhiSm lOh4Om 1lh4Omcation S-l S-2 S-3 S-4 S-S S-6
0 m 25.6 C 26.2 ( 26.9 C 25.6 C 25.4 C 25.8 C
2 25.6 26.8 25.6 25.5 25.2 25.5
4 25.6 25.9 25. 3 2.5. 3 25.2 25. 5
6 25.4 25.8 25.8 25.2 25.2 25.5
8 25.4 25.4 25.2 25.2 25.5
10 25.3 25.3 25.2 25.1 25.3
12 25.3 25..1 25.1 25.3
14 25.3 25.0 25.1 25.3
16 25.3 25.0( 25..1 25.2
- 78 -
Table 3.1.3-14
81. 8.22Classi fi 1110-30 0930-20 0940-1000 1015- 1035 1040- 1100 1140-1200cation S - I S - 2 S - 3 S - 4 S - 5 S - 6
m v LI" ~~~~~~LI G7
m ', ,Af , A;, >aa,
6 28.01 23.47 27.29 27.65 29.09 28.012 28.01 23.32 27.47 28.01 29.09 28.014 28.01 23.68 27.38 28.12 29.89 28.016 28.01 23.68 27.84 28.37 29.09 28.018 28.01 23.68 28.55 29.09 28.01
10 28.19 23.22 28.73 29.27 28.3712 28.19 24.22 28.91 29.45 28.7314 28.19 28.91 29.45 28.7316 28.37 28.73
-79 -
(2) Salinity
Surface salinity of Asan bay at the cnd of' august '81 it shows
incrcasing trcnd from Namyang-Lake to outsidle sea, that is, S2
(23.49), S4( 27. 65). SI( 28. 01) and S.5( 29. 09).
Around Namyang-Lake, there is smaller s.alinity (23.3-25.8%) as the
river water flows into there and the salinily shos.s higher and
higher tov.ards oulsicle sea.
The density is shown is 'I'ahle 3. 1.3-15.
(it of the front sicde of Namyang-l.ake and a ticleland are
compara- tively low vertical clistribulion of 1,4.3-15. I and
17.0-16.3 respectively, il has a high stability when
considering the surlace and botlom ol main waterway are
17.6-18.8 and 18.6-18.8. In summary at the west face of main
waterway it has a horizontal and vertical uniformity about
water temperature and salinity as a consequence of' welI mixing.
But at the front side ol Namyang-Lakc and a tidelan(d the mix ol
the water temperature and salinity is under progress because of
warm eflluent of' Pycong- lack 'I'hermal llower lPlant ancd a fresh
watcr of Namyang-Lake flouing into there.
-- 80 -
Table 3.1.3-15
S - I S - 2 S - 3 S - 4 S - 5 S - 6Classi fication 1981.8.22 1981.8.22 1981.8.22 1981.8.22 1981.2.22 1981.8.22
11: 10-30 0910- 20 0940) 1()00 15 1O. 0l)35S i(40- 11:00 11:40- 120
0 m 17.90 14.33 17.00 17.60 18.80 17.85
2 17.90 14.00 17.60 17.95 18.85 17.95
4 17.90 14.40 17.00 18.10 18.85 17.95
6 18.00 14.60 16.30 18.30 18.85 17.95
8 18.00 14.70 18.45 18.90 17.95
10 18.00 15.00 18.45 19.(S 18.30
12 18.15 15.10 18.60 19.05 18.55
14 18.15 18.8( 19.15 18.55
16 18.25 18.80 18.65
-81 -
-ig. 3. 1.3-1
Vertical Distribution Chart of a tby Observation Point I(81. 8. 22)
B 13 14 15 i6 17 t8 19 20
0 m " I.-2 -
4 mS - 5
Gm
S 4,8m
lom
12 m
-82 -
I>\ \O~m S \s3(27 29) - -
i°;~~ ~ 2 f < leo~~~~~~~~~~~N m YA:NGT HO
6<,)
298. 8.2 m l 020
Salnit at10 Unt°O 19_ , S. 22 ,20_,
179 180 i _ 182
4
S \3 ,--- -2 I \NAMYANG HO
_____.- --- - - (Xi 22 25 2S /
Go I- -- -- - - 1
589_ _
6~~~~~~~~
(3) Chemical Oxygen Dcmand (COD)
COD of surface sea watcr ranges from 0.8 to 5.6 mg/I all the
year round. At thc main waterway (CO) ranges Irom 1.6 to 2.0
mg/l which is comparatively low and at the coast and a tideland
ranges from 2.5 to 3.5 mgIl which is comparatively high.
(4) pH
pil value ot surface sea water ranges Irom 7.8 to 8.4 all around
the year. There is no big dillerence at all arcas. According
to the record ot the end of august '81 it shows similiar to the
pH value of normal sea water (7.7-8.3) and a littlc bit higher
at the effluent whilc at the main waterway lowest value is shown
(7.7).
(5) Dissolved Oyygen (DO)
Dissolved oxygen ot the surlace sea water ranges Irom 5.8 to
6. 0, it shows saluralcd stale.
(6) Oil
The average concentration of oil contents at surface seawater
ranges from 0.8 to 5.6mg and at the main waterway, it ranges
from 1.6 to 2.0 mg/l which is very low and at the coast and a
tideland it ranges from 2.5 to 3.5 mg/i which is comparatively
high.
(7) Suspended Solids (SS)
SS of surface sea water ranges 10.0 to 60.0 mg/i throughout the
year and regional annual averagc ranges 20 lo 37 mg/i.
Accordcing to observalory data at ihe end of August. '81, il shows-85 -
the lowest 6.78 mg/l at the Iront side of' el'l'luent and the
highest 8.42 mg/l at the licicland. In ihe winlcr season it may
be incrased to 100 mg/I.
(8) Clarity
According to observatory data at the end of August '81 Clarity
range 1.0 to 1.4m which is very turbid and turbidity ranges 0.2
to 0.5 ppm.
(9) Nitrate
Nitrate of surface sea water is comparatively high at the 1'ront
side of Namyang-Ho and low at the main waterway. In general it
ranges 1.74 to 5.76 pg-at/l
(10) Phosphate
Phosphate ranges 2.16 to 4.78 pg-at/l at surl'ace sea %a1er andl
the average is 3.20 pg-at/Il.
There is a little ditlerence between the Iront side ol Namyang-llo
and main waterway as tar as chemical and physical characleristics
arc concerned, and those water qualities are within the range of
normal sea water.
At the Iront side ot' Namyang-llo it has much nutrition and its
temperature is high while at the main %alerway if has comparatively
small nutritive substance compared to the Iront sicle of Namyang-llo.
Water quality is within the range ol environmental standard value pH
(7.8-8.3). COD (lower than 3 mg/I) and DO (higher than 5.0 mg/I)
3.1.4 Ecology System
- 86 -
Asan bay which is typical bay in wesi coast in Korca lake charac-
teristics of river-valley area and forms a cology system influenced
comparatively strongly by the ocean. Mcanwhile it is a very
important as a spawning and a breeding place ol the 1 ish andl the
Crustacea. There is a increasing trencd ol culturing industry's
port ion.
1. Intertidal Organisms
Representative species ol Inlertiidal Organisms are Chthamius
chal lengari, Balanus amphitrite, Crassostrea gigas ancd hydroides
ezoensis. There are not many species and present existing
quantities.
2. Submarine Organisms
Submarine Organisms is consist of mainly Annelida Polychacta of
Pcr i nerc is vancaus i ca I ci ra dent at a, andl '. nunl i a ce c. Al t hc I ron1
side is Hanjinkak there is a big production ot edible Tapis
phil ippinasium.
3. Algae
Only Enteromorpha Conpressa ancd E.Limza are shown sometimes and
there is generally no algae growth on the many rocks, Gracilaria
'erruessa, Gymnogongrus Fabellilormis and Sargassum \'hunbergil are
not found, that is a specialty appeared in the %cst coast.
4. Swimming Area
Among the I ishes there are 'I'ongue I sh. Mackerel, ('ommon sea bass.
Goby, MluIlet, Ilisha elongala and big eved herring etc, other
octopus in Mollusca and shrimn (large) in crustacea.- 87 -
5. Fish Fgg and Fingerlings
This sea area is spawning area and breeding area, where is abound in
Bedorachi (Emedrias nebulosus).
6. Plant Plankton
Samples collected at 6 places (depth 0.5m Irom the surlace) were
fixed by 5" 1ormalin andl cleIivcrel lto 1he laboralory. Thickened
samples by precipitation method to 100ml were diluted and then 0.5ml
to I ml smlmple was put into the Sedge%ick-Raller counting chamber
for counting cell number specics ucre conlirmcd by a high
magnil'ication optical microscope ( x 400-1()(0]) species distribution
of the plant plankton collected in 6 places is shown 'I'able 3.1.3-1
Species number of the plant plankton are 32 cluring August. The
coast species (84.3810) take the high porl ion, 'resh water species
(9.38c) and Ocean species (6.25%) appreared in the Asan bay. The
present quantity rangs 36. 537 to 129. 558 cell/I and at the codst
high quantity appears. These is a similiar rend ilo other west sea
as tar as species appeared are concerned.
7. Animal Plankton
The sample of Animal plankton was collected by using the net and the
sample colIcted was put into Bogorov counting platc andi thcn was
counted ancl calculated in terms ol' Inciv/m&3 species distribution of'
Animal plankton in August of Asan bay %%as shown Table 3.1.4-2.
Aeartia pacifica in copepoda has high quantity and sagitta bCcloti
in chordata is only appearecd. The present quantity rcnges 350 to
3244 fndiv/m 3. The appearing species all the year round are
Noctiluca miliaris, I1iidroidea, Crustacca and chordata
- 88 -
Table 3.1.4-1 Present Quantity of Plant Plankton ol Asan Bay
Species Station No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Amphora ovalis 730 1,905
Asterionella gracilis 19,053 642 745
Bacillaria paxillifer 2,811
Chaetoceros affinis 11,674 3,748 1,070 1.5,953
C. compressus 13,863 2,811 1,979 4,473
C. costatus 9,485 43,821 2,811 24,543 3,745 4,175
C. debilis 3,,798 1,016
C. didymus 447
C. laciniosus 9,370 8,765 1,070 8,797
C. radicans 730 1,909 937
C. socialis 11,979 20,596 27,881
(occoneis5 scutellum 2,189 1,9()5 1,874
Coscinodiscus ceniralis 3,648 5,176 3,748 584 53
var.pacifica
C. granii 1,905
C. lineatus 1,874
C. marginatus 1,459 3,811
C. nitidus 3,648 1,905 2,811
Cylindrotheca closterium 4,378 3,811 4,685
Cymbella turgicia 1,459 745
Eucampia zodiacus 1,874 7,3(04 1,765 2,833
-89 -
8. Plant
In this area, as tor needlc-lcal Irecs, there arc many spicies ot
Pine, and some pinc trees, and Rigida pinc tree. In lowcr layer,
there are royal azaleas ancl azaleas ol bush-clovers.
-- 90-
Species Station No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Leptocylindius danicus 2,918 1,874 3.506 149
Licmophora abbreviata 1,90S 1,874
Navicula distans 3,648 3,811 5,622 1,044
Nitzschia pungens 2,189 5,716 3,738 2,045 107 5,666
Paralia sulcata 35,022 19,053 32,796 9,058 1.070 2,982
Nitzschia clelicatissima 107
Pleurosigma elongatum 2,918
P. normanii 2,189 1,905 2,811 877 53 895
Rhizosolenia delicatula 1,938
R. setigera 730 1,905 298
Skeletoncma costatum 8,755 26,237 877 3,156 3,429
Thalassionema nilzshioicles 10,215 3,811 4,68.5 107
Thalassiosira subtilis 5,716
Stancling crops (cells/I) 121,846 129,558 119,002 73,337 36,537 82,449
No. ol species 20 18 20 11 15 17
-91 -
Tab.3.1.4-2 Present Quantity of Animal Plankton of Asan-Bay
Station No. 1 2 3 4 5 6Taxa
Copepoda 376 712 101 1,065 35 175
Copepoda, nauplius 47
Copepoda, copepodite 44
Chaetognatha 203 93
Brachyura larva
(Zoea) 1,075 712 1.926 1,204 210 439
(Megalopa) 430 963 47 105
M1acrura larva
(Nlysis) 51 140
Total (indivlm 3) 1,881 1,424 3,244 2,579 350 658
-92 -
3.1.5 Exploitation of Coast Region
1. Fishing Rights
Present conditionof a lishing groun(d and a brcedling farm around
coast region is shown in Asan-Bay.
We will explain admission fishing rights of Asan bay
(I) Number of acimission lishing rights :35
(2) Class of fishery
1) First cooperative fisher) : 12 (9,702,000 m 2)
(lu-worms, Cyclicna sinansis, oysters)
2) Third Cooperative fishery : 3 (1,110,000 m 2)
(pomnret, young try)
3) Brcecling fishery
Oyster : 14 (1,261,00(0 m 2)
Scattering Corhicula : 2 (175,000 m 2)
Niethod
Common orient clam: 2 (390,000 m 2)
Lever : I (20)0),000) m 2)
Crab : 1 (151,500 m 2)
4) Salt larm : I (57,420 m 2)
5) Periocl of Admission
It differs from each other accor(ling lo 1he License of the period
1972-1988.
-93 -
2. Habor Facilities
Ship lancding place and coasl prolecl ion ai Iail ics are preparecd for
the supply ol luel with lPyeonglaek 'I'hermal Power lPlant. There a
crane for loacling and unloading of the heavy thing in the coast
proteclion facililies. Ihere arc a lew landing places al. lanj in-Ri,
Naedong, Sungumuri and Jangohang.
3. Sea Rout e
Sea route is prepared for an oil lanker eniering 4nci leaving porl
for the supply of luel oil. 'I'he dislance, wi(Ilh and dleplh are
approximately 10 km, 400m and 110.m respect.ively. Sea route is
slarl ing trom Ipado to Pyconglack 'I'hermal P'ower Plant and the
buoyant are installed1 at both sidles ol sed roulte. At past river
around Godacri was cdrecdgecl for maintaining cd depth (-)10.Om.
-94 -
Graph of Position in Fishery RightK l ~~~~~~~I nsI 0
X * e 1 1 qoomco X qi * - > ,' . jZ 11* B65
\ |'_ > } ~~ ___ iF ~~~ s -_\X_ - O_ s__ t~AM YANG 210
ii X . XIZiit
'~~~88E 6
NAVIGATION CHANNEL
X 1 /A''"'S. X I C
V S2'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t LI<t
':;L i aI'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4,,
3.1.6 Natural Resources
1. Mineral ResourcesUnderground resources are mainly distribuled at Dang,jingun. Numberof mine is 103 all together, but among then only 13 are operated(12.6% ).There is no metal mine, kaloine is mined as a nonmetal mine Granitewhich is deposited richly at Asangun and there are many stones andgravels deposited at many places
2. Forest ResourcesIn this area the need Icaved Irec is mainly distributed (Table 3.1.6)
Table 3.1.6-1 Forest Area by Country by Species
Species Needle Tree MixedCountry Leal Latiloliate Forest Total
Pyunglaek 95,569 122 21,199 116,890
Asan 9,427 2,077 7.742 19,246
Tangjin 18,380 3.432 3,632 25,444
llwasung 147,421 2,080 71,562 221,063 Data:
AnnualstatisticalReport of
Total 270,797 7,711 104,135 382,643 Country
-97 -
3. Fishery Resources
A breeding fishery is prospcrous as thc tidelancl develops largely,
shell occupies 81.5% ol the total production, next one is lish
(7.5%) and Crustacca (8.4%). In the beach of Asan bay and
Hwasungoon fishery resources all opulent meanwhile extremely poor at
Asangun because fishing workers arc Iransferred to other occupations
Fisheries is this area arc vcry poor and thc culturc is main job
because the good fishery larm is not lorme(l wilh lhc reason lor the
strong tidal current.
Table 3.1.6-2 Status of Fishery Quantity
Region Asan pyunglaek llwasung Asan-Classification Area Area Country Bay
Total 6,015 700 5,314 1
Fishes 467 184 283 -
Crustacea 248 212 35 1
Shellfish 5,135 237 4,898 -
Others 165 67 98
Data: Annual Statistical Report ol Country
- 98 -
Table 3.1.6-4 Annual Fishery Quanity of Asan Bay (1980.;7 - 1981. 6)
Regi DII .~CaKng- Gyoro Chuksu|hokum Chulpo
Series - S _ ihinpyong Hanjin Kaok Kodae 6gohang Beach isaland
O -( Fishes) kg kg kg kg kg kg k kg kg kg kg kg kg
ejoi (Pomi ret) 450 1,550 18,550 51,850 1,500 750 500 1,200
4o-0 (Mullet) 1,350 1,590 4,560 13,900 12,53D 25,270 4,050 3,430 13,750 5,260 910 2,900
o¢--W-c] (Goby) 850 24,600 88,120 131,450 31,640 104,790 8,250 5,830 45,060 6,450 5,600 5,800 1,000
o° (Common sea bass) 1,010 1,250 250 150
')4"1n ( Fj rl-A e ) (Tongue,fish) 7,640 480 3,760 300
16] (Hickory shad) 10,000 I 54,500 850 36,500 500 I 3,600
- (olB(ig eved herring) 137,200 32,500 83,570 101,500
4;i] (Mackerel) 1,770 1,4C0
r+tl (Frog flounders) 3,630
CA (Ilisha elongata) 20 3,710
71 E}Fcj 4 (Other fishes) 9,800 180,850 2,030 33,120 37,830 2,460 4,280 73,761 9,100 2,910 6,750 550
L 7I (Sub-total) 13,660 37,540 493,210 179,880 Z14,040 308,640 15,510 14,490 145,071 21,610 9,420 15,450 6,350
IdAl (mollusca)
q t,x (Short necked clam) 898,400 357,250 16,300 1,550 281,200 _ 23,550 200,400 14,850 390,900 81,350 36,600 7,550
e+ (Sping ton shell) 54,550 23,850 2,250 6,520
w (Top shell)
7F-'T (Cyclina sinensis) 2,650
qvt(Common orient clam)
t (Oyster) 403,050 326,900 65,680 60,350 460,520 256,830 334,700 29,200 127,000 143,000 30,uoO 9,350 4,800
s (Common octopus) 900 1,500 2,780 1,100 10,470 10,220 150 17,800 320
eV7| (Loligo sp. ) 1,580
3-~-~f (Other ootopus) 8,380 3,460
71 F}-t4I 4 (Other mollusca)
Clam worm 24,970 33,888 8,537 2,250
A 1 (Sub-total) 1,356,900 709,500 94,720 66,460 779,410 337,138 535,250 76,907 520,150 224,350 66,970 16,900 4,800
- 100-
747n> (Crustacea)
I<Al (Blue crab) 2,350 17,430 8,950 7,230 5,680 1,2CO 2,450 34,300 1,150 300
71 Et A (Other crab) 3,430 11,500 1,700 610 300
;']; Shrimn(small) 240,230 78,8E0
rt- Shrimn(large) 25,145
71 - -q (Other shrimp) 37,300 248,707 218,70o 17,410 10,200 1,80 2,200 2,650
-i Al (Sub-total) 2,3501 54,730 526,460 316280 24, 790 14,350 4,250 37,110 3,800 600
tija.-n- (Seeweeds) { 4 (Laver) 18,000 36,800 112,600 25,700 77,050 1,250
c4 (Green laver) 2,500 , 450 .
+h Al (Sub-total) 1 20,500 36,800 12,600 20.150 77,050 1,250
- QAl ( otal) 1,372,910 822,270 1,151,192 j 575,220 jl,44,370 737,178 | 558,260 702,321 249,760 78,900 30,350 4,150
-101-
Village locates on the bottom part of low hilly districts, the top
part ot' alluvial land and the bottom ol' the mountain. 'I'he area ol'
village is narrow but many with Ihe result that reach 10.63%
(51.75km 2) compared to total area ol central Area.
As Namyang-Lake. Asan bay and Sapkyo tide embankment are completed a
part ol a i idelancd is changed to reservoi r and I hey can sl ore more
water. The area of reservoir within a radius of 16km is 25.25 km 2
including the part of' Asan bay and Sapkyo lake. 'I'he water quality ol
sail is a little bit high it gradually cdecreases as time goes.
The number and area of' sail. larm is recduced as a co*nsequence ol 1he
construction of tide embankmenl.
Damp lancd ancl coast sandhill etc. has a small area present condilion
of lancl exploitation and distribution are shown in Table 3.2.1-1 and
Figure 3.2.1-1.
- 102 -
10 3.1 2-1
-- s
Fig. 3.1.2-1 Detailed Map,
.m.~C StiLt ,- <. ~ 1 -,
- 103 -
3.2 Environment for Living
3.2.1 Land Exploitation
When land Exploitation is investigated the category and investigation
method as mcntioneci above clause 3.1.2 are used. Exploitation of
land is separately investigaled lor a sea, a sandhill, a rice field,
f ield (including orchard)), a %%oodland, a Reservoir, avillage, a
saltfarm, a damp land ancd others (Reler to Figure 3.2. 1-1 ancl Table
3.2.1-1)
In the larger order lor landl e\ploilation, there can be specified as
101 Iows.
A rice lancd ( 178,47km 2), a woodlIand ( 160,5 km 2) a fielcl ancd a
orchard (61, 13km 2) a village (51,75km 2), a reservoir (25,25km 2) a
salt lorm (7.75km 2), a dcidmp Idl (1.25 km 2), a sandhill (0.65kn 2)
and others (0.25km 2).
Alluvial area are used as a rice Iield ancl harves1 is qluite well bIy
dint of a good soil and irrigalion lacilities. Forest is mainl)
formedl on the type land such AS lo%% hill)y area, hill)y area,
mounlainous area, dliluvial land and Ihe hollom ol mounlain a lield
ancl orchard locales arouncl the village and the area have a lot of
cliluvial Iancl is mainly used for Ihem that is, NNE 8km ancd SE lOkm
a,Aay from the cenler.
-104-
Table 3.2.1-1 Area by Land Utilization (within 16km in Radius)
Classification Area Ratio (i)
Surfacc & (km 2_ to to
Tide Land Gross Area Gross Terresterian
Tide land 371.25 39.45 65.14
Sand hill 0.65 0.(8 0.13
TE Rice Field 178.47 22.19 36.65RR Swampy Land 1.25 0.16 0.26
ES Salt Farm 7.75 0.96 . 1.59
TE Field Orchard 61.13 7.60 12.55
RI Wood Land 160.50 19.96 32.97
AN Reservoir 25.25 3.14 5.18
Village 51.75 6.43 10.63
Others 0.25 0.03 0.005
Subtotal 487.00 39.45 65.14
Grand Total 845.25 100.00 165.14
-105 -
3.2.2 Air Pollution
1. Air Pollution Source
Pollution concenlralion of Air was invesl igale(i aroun(d Pyeongtack
Thermal Power Plant which is only air pollution source is this in
this Area.
This was complctecl in March '80 for lhe gencration of clectricity
700MW (350MW x 2) and the poN%cr plant ol the same capacity are under
construction for target year ol '84.
Boilers is a type of' Hleavy Fuel Oil combusi ion, chimney height 150m,
one pipe consisted of two small pipes, 4 unit of a samc structure.
Fuel oil (Bunker-C) is delivered Irom a oil tanker to storage tank by
a 431m pipeline.
Fuel consumption quantity by l oacd l'yungtack 'I'hermal Design Value
is as Table 3.2.2-1
Tab.3.2.2-1 Fuel Consumption Quantity by Loacd
Load114=87.5MW 2/4=17.5MW 3/4=262.5MW 4/4=350MW
Fuel ConsumptionQUantity 45,260 80,780 114,920 151,460
(1.2 NMachine l'otal)
- 106 -
Monthly quantity oJ' fuel consumption is as 'I'able 3.2.2-2
Average output in a day is 267MW per unit, and it' 1, 2 Machine is
added, it will be 88,122 kI (118.4 kg/h).
Table 3.2.2-2Fuel Consumption Qualily by Month
Fuel ConsumptionMonth Average
Date Output #1 Unit #2 Unit
1 260.8 44,336.4 44,311.6
2 279.7 42,546.8 41,J51.9
3 283.0 47,491.7 46,553.3
4 275.0 44,680.0 44,025.7
5 256.0 44,114.5 45,092.6
6 256.5 44,365.0 45,226.0
7 246.6 41,765.3 41,192.9
Average 266.7 88,122KI (118.4kg/h)
Specifications of Fuel oil (Bunker-C) is shown in Table 3.2.2-3.
Table 3.2.2-3 Specification ol Bunker-C
Specitic Igini- \is- Water Chemical Ingredienl Calorific
Gravity tion cosity and Value
(1514C) (P.NI (SFS Preci- C 11 0 N S Ash (Kcal/kg)
'C 122 'F pitale
0.967 148 158 Trace 84.47 11.38 0.21 0.23 3.70 0.01 10,260
-107-
2. SO 2 Environmenl concenl ral ion
Flor the purpose of invesl igat ion into Air Pololution Exlence in and
around of' Pyungtaek 'T'hemal Power I'lant. they layed a white-Leapy Box
ancd measure environmcntal densily of' sullur oxi(les ( ie. SO2 ) causcd
by PbO2.
Fig. 3.2.2-1 Measuremenl poinis lor S02 concentralion
X I Army 2 Namyang tide embankmenl3 Apartment 4 Poscung mid(Idle school4 Jangan mi ddle girls school 6 Gasci |primary schooll
From January to Nlay '81. SO 2 concenl rat ion was mcasurecd at 4 points
within a radius of 8 km and From June '81 2 points were adcdlitionally
installed within a radius ol 13km.
Ma'Jmum concenlration 01 SO 2 appeared dluring .lanuary al point 4 (34
ppb) in the distance of 8km.
-108-
Fig3. 2. 2-4SO 2 Concentration of Measuring Ploints
Points 1 2 3 4 5 6
Length 1,000 2,500 3,50(0 8,000 8,000 13,000Mlonth
1 30.6 32.0 27.0 34.0
2 28.0 30.0 27.0 33.0
3 5.7 11.2 17.0 16.0
4 22.0 8.0 17.(0 16.0
5 21.0 7.2 14.0 19.0
6 29.0 7.0 12.( 13.0 12.0 9.0
7 12.0 4.2 8.0 7.7 7.6 3.5
3.2.3 Water Environment
1. Water Resources
Coast plains of this area are mainly a liltic bit higher than the
highest Ilow level (Appro\. Il.ll.W), here andl there small hilly
districts remains the developmenl ol the river is poor because there
is not, a big mountain and except Anyangchun Sapkyochun ancd Balanchun
there is no big river. Alter the construction ot the tide embankment
artiliCidl lake is formed. it is used dS a living, industrial, and
agricultural water after change 1o 1 fresh waler.
Namyang-Lake t`loNxed into from B3alanchun northeast lace I km a%ay,
Asan-Lake I l owed nI o 1 rom Ansungchun soul heast I ace 15 km a%%ay ancl
sapkyoho l loAed into Irom sapkyochun NNE lace 14km away from the LNG
base lancd locate.
- 109 -
Table 3.2.3-1 Specification of Three Lakes
Classit'ication Unit Namyang lake Asan Lake Sapkyo Lake
Valley area km 2 209 1,634 1,639
Irrigation area ha 4,004 14,415 18,000
Full uater area km 2 8 28 23.7
Total pondage MICMI 38 142 84
Effective pondage NICNI 25 115 62
Deadline pondage N1(:I 1 3 27 22
Deadline xaler height m (-)3.30 (-)2.()0 (-)1.50
Full waler height m (+)0.50 (+)3.50 (+)2.50
Inuncdation height m (+)2.110 (+)4.S0 (+)4.80
Industry-use water m 3 lday 10(,(0( 20,000
Living use %ater - 4,(000( 28,000
Data: Note ol Builcl up Keum-R iver, IPyunglaek l)isiricl Agricultural ('oIlec iveDevelopment (Niinisiry ol Agricullurc and Fisherics)
Sapkyo-Ri vcr l)istricl Invest igal ion Report of' Agricultural ('o Ilec iveDevelopment (Oflt ice of Rural l)evelopmenl)
-110-
2. Water Quality ol lake
Water quality of Asan-Lakc and Namyang-Lake can bc passed as potable
and industrial water resources accorciing to the decision of two
choices, to use for potabc, or to usecd lor inclustrial purpose.
Sample collected at September 10 '81 was requestecl for the experiment
potable possibility to Kycongi-Do llealth Institute. The results are
shown in Table 3.2.3-2,3.
The results of experimenl for inclusirial waler is shown Table 3.2.3-4
Asan-Lake water is used as industrial water for Pyeongtaek 'Ihermal
Power Plant because 'I'hcrc are much salt in Namyang7lake watcr up to
now (1,530 ppm as cQ)
Table 3. 2. 3-2 Raw Walc" \nAllaysi -i Record ol Waler Supl))
No. Item Stanclarcd Resull Remark
I N02. N03-N below 10 ppm below, 10 Asan-Lake
2 CI- below 150 ppm 53.2
3 F-Coli 20, 0001/1l0mI 16, (000/ 100
4 CN- none none
5 Mg beloow 0.(001 ppm bc I ow 0. 0()1
6 Cd below 0.01 ppm helow 0.(01
7 Organic none none
8 Cu below I ppm below I
9 Fe below 0. 3 ppm below 0.3
10 Mn below 0.3 ppm below 0.3
11 F below 1.5 ppm below 1.5
12 Pb below 0.1 ppm below 0.1
13 Zn below I ppm below I
14 SiO2 below 50 ppm below 50
17 Phenol below (1.05 ppm below 0.0(.5
18 larciness below 300 ppm below' 300
19 So4- below 250 ppm below 250
20 *Ikylbenzen below 0.5 ppm below 0.5
Sulfonate
21 Colour below' 5 below 5
22 Orclor, t ase no ordor no i1aslc no ordor no 1 asl e
Head of Institute of Health Research in Kyunggi-Do
-112 -
Table 3.2.3-2 Raw Water Analysis Record of Watcr Supply
No. Item Stancdard Rcsu1l Rcmark
I N02, N03-N below 10 ppm bclow 10 Namyang-Lake
2 Cl- below 150 ppm 53.2
3 E-Coli 20,000/lOOmI 16.000/100
4 CN- nonc nonc
5 Mg belou 0.001 ppm below 0.001
6 Cd below 0.01 ppm below 0.01
7 Organic none none
8 Cu below I ppm below I
9 Fe below 0.3 ppm below 0.3
10 MIn below 0.3 ppm below 0.3
11 F below 1.5 ppm below 1.5
12 Pb below 0.1 ppm below 0.1
13 Zn below I ppm below I
14 SiO2 below SO ppm below .50
17 Phenol below 0.05 ppm below 0.00o5
18 Hardness below 300 ppm below 300
19 So4- below 250 ppm below 250
20 Alkylbenzen below 0.5 ppm below 0.5
Sulfonate
21 Colour below 5 below 5
22 Ordor, tase no ordor no tastc no ordor no taste
19 &/d ,.Y.% j K04 f~~~ol w
7 7 ^ 7 qS.
Head of Institute of Health Research in Kyunggi-Do-113 -
Sampl I i ng l)at c
Namyang-Lake Asan-Lake
Items Ulnit '77. 1.20 '81.5.7 '77. 1.20 '81.5.7
PH at 20 °( 7.7 7.6 7.6 6.9
Conductivity A/icm 2,300 2.050 282 510
P-Alkalinity ppm as CaCo3 nonc none
HI-Alkalinit.y 58 54
lTotal Hardness 286 6W0 104 120
Ca-Hardness 66 48
Migg-H[arcdness 220 56
Chloridc ppm as cl 1,85(J 1.530 178 98
Silica sio2 6 6
Iurbidity sio2 14 22
Chlorine C12 Iracc Irace
Ammonia d N114 (. I (1.2
Sulical c S04 24 20
T otal Iron F c (). I 0 0. 05
lotlal Sol IId ppm 1 ,765 4,07(0 472 1,100
Suspenmcl i d So lI cl 114 88
soluble Sol icl 1,651 384
C.O.D ppm as 0 5.3 3. 1 5.9 2.2
Nil ra le N03 (0.56 0.48
Nlanganese Nnm t racc trace
Socdium Nei+ 1,250 920 230 72
Potassium K+ 15 78 9 8
-114 -
3. Analysis ol Pollution Sources
There arc two pollution sources, thal is Artificial ones (Industrial
waste water ancl sewage elc) ancl natural ones (corrosion and
weathering etc). There is no industrial %asle waler because only
Pyungtack Coal Firedl Power Plant e\is1s in this area and lhere is no
big problem because sea%age is casily sell-purilied. So the effluent
of' water treatmenl and cooling ualcr coal lired power plant were
investigatcd.
(9) Efrluent of water treatment
1) Slucdge cilluent irom coagulation and settlcmcnt tank.
2) El I luenl conlaining suspended solidis producedl (luring back
washing
3) Acid ancl alkali el Iluenl produced cluring backwashing
ion-exchanger.
These eft'luent (daily average 300-400'Ton) were stored in
neutralization tank and Coagulation, settlement and neutralization
were performed to dlischarge inlo Ihe sea water. The cluanlity and
cluality are summarizedl in 'I'able 3.2.3-S.
-- 115 -
Table 3.2.3-5
Waste- Water Quality%ater
Mlonth Quality C 0 D S.S Oil & Grease(T/h) ( OC) PIl (ppm) (mg/l) (PPNI)
'80 7 490 23-29 6.8-7.2 3.5-15 17-53 0
8 470 23-26 6.8-7.2 3.5-17 19-43 0
9 360 20-23 6.8-7.2 3.7-4.5 15-53 0
10 370 18-21 7.0-7.2 3.1-3.7 27-42 0
11 390 17-2.5 7.0-7.2 4.2-4.6 17-26 0
12 410 7-20 6.8-7.2 3.6-4.4 14-23 0
'81 1 390 13-19 7.1-7.2 3.9-5.3 17018 0
2 340 13-17 7.1-7.2 4.3-4.7 14-21 0
3 320 17-18 7.0(-7.2 4.1-4.3 16-27 0
4 290 12-22 7.1-7.3 6.5-8.4 4-15 0
5 280 21-26 7.0-7.2 .S.1-6.8 7-16 0
6 288 23-25 7.0-7.2 5.S1-5.5 14-26 0
Head ol Institute ol Health Research in Kyunggi-Do
-116 -
3. 2. 4 Soi I
This report put on emphasis on the understanding ol dlistributed area by
every soil and their characteristics to their sorts and distributed
states. In surveying soils distributed on this site, oulline soil map,
detail soil map and descriplion on soil-series were based on and
conplemented to revise lhrough reconnaissance ;
Where oulline soil map shows general aspects ol soil's formalion F'actor
such as geology, climate, topography, loromdtion period andl plants
which had been obtained from aerial pholograph data by decoding, detail
soil map shows soil-scrics, soil type, and soil phase, while
clescription on soil-series lei us kno9 cross seclion of soil-series and
analysis data.
Survey was conlined within around 16km of radius from the site center
to the reason ot explanation al 3.1.2.
'I'hough soil map will be properly appended to explain detail
soil-series, soil-series in soil map was too detaily devided to be
illegible their reducluedC size and so the soil map was omitled lo the
a)ppendi \.
(relerence, Detailed soil map published by Agriculturc Development
Department, 1:25,000)
But to help unclerst.dn(ling ol soil (lisiribution l'ollouing standards in
regarcd to topography was applied to cxplain.
i) Soif investigation would bc cll'cclivc in consideration of lormation
lactors of soil such as climale, plants, geology, formalion period and
topography.
-117 -
Soil classify with it's distributed topography in a rather small region
where climate, plants, geology and lormation are alive in their
condition.
ii) Distributed condition of soil-scrics can be easily understood in
association with topographical classilication map and description at
3.1.2.
Generals of Soil around the Sit.c
Total survey area ol 804.25km 2has land area ol 487km 2 and sea land of
317.25km 2.
Almost all of site area composes precambrian perio(d of format.ion deeply
weathered through long period, so Ihe surlace rocks are mainly composed
of highly weathered gneiss and schist.
I'here are alomost all ol low-hill area, valley area and flat area where
in prominent part of low-hill and depression part ol valley and flat
area. The bed rock easily weathered to fine grain has been highly
weathered to have line grain-in soil texture. 'There in low-high area
mainly comprised of prominent part being mainly red-yellow podzolic
soils has its characteristics as following: Soils drains well and its
layer highly weathered is deep except low-hill area.
There are A,B,C and D laycrs, in soil, and their devision are clearly
identified ancl their structures are well developted, but erosion
partially reaches lo Ihe bottom of B layer.
This erosion has been gradually proceedecl through long time and so is
considered to have not any probolem.
- 118 -
In depression part of valley area and flat arca, soil gradients had
been flowed to form alluvial layer and mainly reprcsented to lower
humic grey soils.
These soils usually and poor drain capacity have tine grains through
deep layer.
Generally alluvial laycr companies rivcrs or water channels, the
prominent parts in the site area is so highly weathered that erosion
has developed alluvial layers in the sile area wilhoul any rever.
There are vallcy alluvium, river alluvium and sea complex alluvium in
alluvial layer, silt content in sea complex alluvium locatedl at the
lowest layer is getling larger lo go to ihe beach side.
L.ilhosols being sometimes seen at ihe low hill, hill and mountainous
area among prominent parts are mainly so distributed at steep areas
that the soil has good drain condilion, thin laycr and conlains coarse
grains.
Regosols located at the foot of low-hill, hill or mountainous arca are
mainly comprised at the sediment layer made by alluvial and alluvial
movement.
The soil has average depth and its lormation was not, considered not so
old or new but gradually proceeded for the long time and its color
shows brown or red brown. And alluvial soils, saline soils, planosols
and sand beach and sand dune are partially distributed.
2. Great Soil Group And Soil-Series
The tital land area with a radius ot 16km from the site centre consists
of low humic gley soils of 192.89km (39.6% ), Red, Yellow podzolic
soils of 90.46km (18.58 %), Regosols of' 46.05kni (9.46%). Alluvial Red
Yellow, podzolic soils ot 45.68kmn (9.38% ), alluvial
-119 -
soils of 24.96kmn (5.13% ), saline soils of 21.78km2 (4.47%).
Lithosols Of 19.82km (4.07%), planosols ol 19.21kW (3.94%), sand
beach and sand dune ol' 0.65kmn (0.13% ) ancl reservoir and the rest area
of 25.5kmn (5.24%) by great soil group and is ol 487kmi.
Soil-series belonging to low humic gley soils consist of Booyong-series
(58.08km'), Okcheon-series (29.2km), Mankyeong-scries (28.59km'),
Jisan-scries (27.08km). Kinjac-scries (10. 45km), Kangcluk-scrics
(7.12kmn), Jeonbuk-scries (6.35km),
Seotan-series (5.75km), Choompo-scries (Sknm), llamchang-series (3.93km)
yaecheon-series (2.42km), Bongnam-series (0.76km) ancd Sinheung-series
(0.16kml) in order of' area-There are Yaecheon-series, Okchean-series and
Jisan-series in a valley area, Sinhcung- series in a lower part of the
valley area, llamchang-scries in a river Ilal area, and kongduk-series,
Kimjae- series, Mlankyeong-series, 13ongnam-series, Booyong series,
Seohan-series, Jeonbuk-series, and choonpo-series in a river and sea
complex l'lat area.
Soil-series belonging lo Red-Yellow Podzolic soils consist ol' Ohsan-
series(32.37km). Songjeong-series (30.55kmn), Yeosan-series (17.1km2)
and Jeonnam series (10.44k1m) in order ol' area. 'I'here are largely thesc
series in a low hill site and especially Songjeong-series ancl
Jeonnam-series in a wedge type low hill sile.
Soil-series belonging to Regosols consisl ol Wonkok-series only andl are
largely (listributed within bottom area of mountain of low hill site.
The series have a area ol 46.05kmi which amounts to 9.46% ol total
area.
Yongji-servies (45.68km') belonging lo Alluvial Red Yellow Podzolic
soils ol' medium type between alluvial soils and Red Yellow Podzolic
soils largely apl)ear aroun(d boundary part belween valley site and low
hill site. -- 120-
Soil-series belonging to Alluvial soil consist of Eunkok-series
(8.93km'), Sungsan-series (8.47km'), Sangjoo-series (4.84kmd), and
Sachon-scries (2.72kni) in or(der ol .rca.
All soil series are disIributed in upper parl of lhe valley area except
Sachon-series which are located in medium part ol the valley area.
Soil-scries belonging lo Saline soil consist of Ploseung series for ihe
most part, are distributed largely in an area including the tideland
consiruct (e recenlily by Namyang lLkc coastal dyke sea wall. The
1 i d(l an(i arca inc I udc( by Asan bay and Sapgyo cheon roastal dyke sea
wall amounis 1o 2 1. 78kmn ( 4. 47%).
soil-serics belonging lo l.ilhosols consist of Samgak-scries (J5.09km')
in granile resildual Iaycr ol hill sile dinm mounlain, an( Cheongsan-
series (3.93kn1) in schisl residual layer in or(ler of area. Planosols
consisls of Ycongok-series (19.21km) mainly, is mostly distributed on
Ihc lower part of wedge type low hill area and mountain area. And
Ihere is cspecil.ly llardpan horizon in il. Kapa-series (0.6.5km) and
reservoir and outcroch area (25.50kmi) are distributed on coastal sand
ounc (rcefr lo lable 3.2.4-1 cind table 3.2.4-2)
3.(bracleristlics of Soils - Series
Soils - Series covering center area ol site (area within a 16km radius)
is about Ihirly.
Since main poinis ol them is deslrisbed in table 3.2.4-2 respectively,
.oi Is irics Ilhla seems lo have broad covered area and seems lo be
imporlanl will be c\plained only.
- 121 -
In case of writing the characteristecs of Soils-series, we quoted the
Characteristecs of Typical Soils by Soils-series that had been examined,
classified, and maked by the office of Rural Development.
(1) Kongdok-series
Kongdok-series belongs to low humic gray soils and it has Apg layer
of gray or dark gray silty clay loam and has cambic Bg layer. Cg
layer begins at the depth ot 50cm- 70cm from the surl'ace of' ground
and it has peaty mincral layer which is more than 50cm in depth.
'I'his soils-series covers over valley area, valley ,alluvium layer ot
sub-flat area, and border ot' river alluvium layer and river & sea
complexed area.
Drainage of the soil is poor,, ancd soils property of this is silty
clay loam whose silt and clay (<(0.05mm) is below than 80% in A, B
layer.
Its covered area is 7.12km 2 an(d occupies 1.46% ol this site.
Soils reaction is Pll 4.5-5.5 and organic matter content is 3 -5%
in A, B layer but C layer has no less than 10^-30% of peaty
mineral layer.
(2) Kimje Siries
Kimje series belongs to low humic gray soils and it has Apg layer
of grayish brown very l'ine sandy claycy and loamy soils and has Bg
layer of very iine sandy clayey soils ancl Cg layer of greenish gray
very fine loamy sandy soils. And this layer comes out. in the depth
of 50cm- 70cm and it has peat layer less than 20cm in depth.
This Soils covers over river andi sca complexed area and its area is
about 18.45km 2(3.79%)
-122 -
Dranage of soils is a bit poor. And as for soil property silt and clay
(<0.05mm) is more than 85%, B layer is plcnly ol clay (<0.002 mm)
amount ot 60%. A, C layer is plenty of silt (morc than 50%) and its
clay is less than 35%. Soils reaction is to the extent of Pi-I 5.0-6.1
And organic matter conlent is excepl for peat layer, 2% or so in A,B
layer, and 0.5% or so below peat layer in C laycr.
(3) Mam-gyong series
Man-gyong series is similar to Kimjc series, so we will explaine
differences only. Topography, slope, soil cirainage, geology, and
names of great soil group is just the same of kimje series, but it
locates in beach so that soil property is dificrent. Ancl it is
particular that very fine sand is plenty, as silt content is
60- 70%.
Soils reaction is relatively high Pl exce:pt for A layer (about PH
5) on account that subterranean water is alflfected by sea water. PH
7-8 in B layer, a little more than Pll 8 in C layer, and organic
matter content is less than 1.5%.
Coverecd area is considerably broacd and occupies aboul 5.87% ol
central area ol site.
(4) F'u-yong series
Pu-yong series belongs to lo% humic gray soils and layer consists
of Apg layer ol grayish brown very l'ine sandy loamy soils, and Btg
layer of gray or clark gray spotted very fine sandy clayey soils,
and Cg layer ol very lfine sancly clayey soils. Ihis soils covers
over river and sea complexed alluvium layer and its area is
broaciest ol central area of site up to 11.93% (58.08koM).
- 123 -
Soil drainage is a bit poor ancl as for soil property, it is fine grain
soils and silt content is 50% -60%, and clay is to the extent of
25% -47%.
Soil reaction is at surface soil Pl' 6.4 and as the depth increases PH
riscs all the more.
Organic material weight is about 2.5% Irom surlace soil to underground
in depth of 40cm, but less than 1% in lower layer.
(5) Songiong series
Songjong scrics belongs to red-yellow podzolic soils. And A layer
of brown scrics loamy soils, Bc layer of red-ycllow series clayey
loamy soils, and C layer forms thick layer with soil property of
sandy loamy soils which is saprolite of red-yellow acidic rock
system.
This soils is largely developed in rcsidual layer, but it covers in
the vicinity of site over residual layer of hill, and its area is
30.55km (6.27%).
Slope ot surface is range of 7-30%, and on excessive slopes, cases
exl)osed to the lower part ol B layer by severe weathering is found
frequently.
Soil drainage is good, and it is common case that C layer contains
rock fragment to the e\tent ol 3-8%.
Soil reaction ot Pll 4.8-5.1 degree is representative vlauc and
organic metters is 4% in layer, but since It decreases as down to
B layer and C laycr, it precipitates to less than 1% at B3 layer.
-- 124-
(6) Osan series
Osan series belongs to red-yellow podzolic soils andi it l'orms soils
section with A layer which contains 25-30% of gravel cambic B
layer which conlains 7-15% of gravel, and C layer which is consist
of conglomeritic sandy loamy soils mixed with red-yellow and brown
series. 'I'his soils generally covers over hill to mountain area,
but by the reason that the vicinity of site is plenty of hills,
this soils covers over low hill or hill largely, and its area
reaches to 32.37km' (6.65%). Because this soils was made in
residual layer of granitic gneiss, weathering of bed rock is
severe. So layer of soil is very thick counting in saprolite
layer.
Since slope of surface is 15% -60% , places %asted out on account
of severe erosion is lound frequently, and drain condition of soil
is satisfactory.
Soil reaction is PH 5.4-5.8 lhrough all ol' lhe layer, organic
matter content is around 2%, and gradually decreases as descend
into lower layer, about 0. 2% in U2 layer.
(7) Okchon series
Okchon series belongs to low humic gray soils. And then, Apg layer
of grayish brown series loamy soils, Bg layer ol dark gray series
fine sandy loamy soils with a bil, of' FeCO 3(iron carbonate) spots,
and Cg layer of dark gray series fine sandy loamy soils with a bit
of FeCo 3 forms section of this soils.
This soils developed Irom alluvium layer located in valley area, so
drain condition of soils is not satislactory, and covered area
reaches lo 29. 2km (6%).
-125-
Slope of surface is around 0-7% , but there is no influence of erosion
on account of alluvial area.
Soil reaction is less than pll 5, and organic matter content is around
3% in the all layer.
(8) Yong-ji series
Yong-ji series is one ot a int.ermediate type soils of alluvial
soils and red-yellow podzolic soils. In Apg layer ol grayish brown
series fine sandy loamy soils and in cambic B layer of yellowish
brown series fine sandy crayey loamy soils there is gray spots.
And, the seclion of soils or c layer is composed of black, brown,
gray spots, and ol grayish brown very line sandy soils.
This soils locates in upper part of valley area, and drain
condition of soils is somewhat satisfactory, covered area is kmi
(9.38% ), and its bed rock is alluvium layer.
Soil reaction is P1l 5.9-6.5 anci organic matter content is 2.4% in
surface soils, which (Jecreases gradually up to 1% in basic layer.
(9) Won-gok series
Won-gok series belongs t.o regosols, and section of soils consists
of AP layer of brown or dark brown very fine sandy loamy soils,
cambic B layer of yellowish brown series very fine sandy clayey
loamy soils, and ol C layer which is yellowish red or dark
red-yellow claycy soils. This soils covers over lower part of
convex area, upper part ol concave area, which is initial part of
bottom area ol mountain and valley area.
-126 -
Covered area is 46. 05km (9.46%), ancl then slope of' surl'ace is 2% or
15%. But since this is sediment arca, there is no erosion.
Soil reaction is PH 4.5 or so in A layer, around PlI 5.2 in dccper
layer.
(10) Chisan series
Chisan series belogns to loN% hlumic gray soil. There is yellowish
brown and yellowish red spots in AP'g layer ol' dark grayish brown
loamy soils.
Cg layer consists ol mixed with spots on dark gray loamy soils.
Bed rock of these is valley alluvial layer, and covers over
central area of the valley mostly, and covered ared is 27.08kmn
(5.56%). Slpc of surface is 2-15%, but there is no influence of
erosion by the reason that the property ol this area is alluvial.
Soil drainage is not so satisf'actory. Soil reaction is about pH1
5.1 - 6.5.
(11) Others
Relatively littile important series are omittecd in this project
outline. Confer to 'I'able 3.2.4-1, ancd we finish to explicate.
--127 -
Table 3.2.4-1 Arca ot' Great Soil-Group and Names of Soil-Siries
Names of Great Namcs ol Covered Covered RemarksSoil-Group Soil-Series Area (km) Ratio( %)
Alluvial soils Sachon, Sang-ju 24.96 5.13 Upper part ofSong-San, Un-gok valley area
Red-yellow Songjong, Yesan 90.46 18.58 Low Hill - HillPodzolic Soils Chonnam, Osan (Plate Topography)
Low Humic Kongdok, KimicGray Soils Man-gyong, Pongnam
Pu-yong, Sotan Valley areaShinHung, Yechon 192.89 39.60 or Flat areaOkchon, ChonbukChisan, ChunpoHamchang
Lithosols Sam-gak, 79.82 4.07 I.ow llill-MountainChongsan Area
Planosols Yon-gok 19.21 3.94 Flat, Mt. Bottom
Regosols Won-gok 46.05 9.46 Mountain Bottom
Saline Soils Beach Low areaAlluvial, P'osung 21.78 4.47 Mountain BottomPodzolic soils
Akkyvuak Red yellow Yongji 45.68 9.38Podzolic Soils
Sand Beach, Kip'a 0.65 0.13 Sand BeachSand Dune Dune area
Reservoir & Others 25.50 5.24
Total [ 487.00 100.00
-128 -
4. Soils Pollution
Soils consists of weathering materials ol' rock, animal or plant's
soluble material, and water or gas lhat. contains variable substances.
Therefore, if hazardous substances alfecting organisms by bad
influences, through the process ol transmission, dif'fusion, dilution,
and precipitation convcrls that substances into not harmful substances,
that is, passes purilication.
Soils pollution can bc clevidcd into two classcs of direct pollution and
indirect pollution.
By the time, the main subiect of pollution sourcc is hazardous
substances (harml'ul substances f'or organic systems which is produced in
the result of' human aclivity.
Direct pollution is thc casc that human brings hazardous substance into
contact with soils directly, inclirect pollution is the case that
pollution sourse contained in air or water Ilows in soils.
Since there are few comanics handling harmful things, direct pollution
which is caused by human mistakes is not d serious matter.
Indirect pollution is caused by pol lt Iion olF primarily air or waIer,
but as air pollution and watler pollution has not been mentioned
seriously, it is necessary ihat we should investigate the nature of
environment, ecological system ol' this area, living environmcnt, which
are responsibilities that means conscience ol manager.
If the extent of' polltion is very small, purilication ot soils will aid
us slowly. LNG is gas state, so wc shouldJ look into possibility of air
pollution specially.
-129 -
3.2.5 Waste
In this area, there is not a place or lactory producing incdustrial
waste at present.
3.2.6 Noise, Vibration, Nasty smell
Identification of noise is generally "unwilling sound", but there is no
source which producing noise provoking psychological sense of human in
this area.
Though there are noises of operation by Pyongtaek Thermoelectric Power
Plant isolated 1'rom residence geographically, on account of its
location ancl sound effect by site separation, it cloes not transmit out
of plant shell.
We can classify source of noise in Thermoclectric Power Plant by FD Fan
(installed outside of building), Boiler Turbin, Building, and Main
transformer. I
In Pyongtaek Thermoelectric Power Plant, for the purpose of surveying
noise lcvel ol the plant, seiectecl measuring point in 7 place, and
measure monthly.
Noise level measured Irom January to June in '81 is described in 'Table
3.2.6-1. In this 'I'able, the heighest level point is back door of
ol'tice of conslrucl ion work neighboring Fl) FAN, noise level is 41 NRN
in average.
There are no new f'actory or company entering in this area since '79 and
no particular increase of traffic. So it is considered that quoted
data is not surpassed.
Point of measure ancl noise level measuredl is as chart 3.2.6-1 and Table
3. 2. 6-2
130-
Table 3.2.6-1Monthly Noise Level of Mcasuring Point (NRN)
(NRN)
Measuring Monih 1 2 3 4 5 6Point Measuring Place
I Construction Oftice 18 20 20 25 22 25Front
2 10 Guard house 32 40 30 34 23 31
3 Ground Area 21 25 20 22 20 20
4 Cooling Waler Intake 35 39 34 35 34 34
5 Construction Ollice 33 38 40 42 41 43behincl Gate
6 Power Plant behind 32 26 26 32 30 31Gate
7 Power Plant Main Gate 21 24 32 28 31 29
- 131 -
Fig.3.2.6-1 Noise Measurement tocatlon Map
XHwasung-Kun
NmagLke
Pyongtaek-Kun,
Tangiin-Kunr
~~~~~~~~ i
Position of1 ObservationPyongtaek ThermalPower Asan-Bay
-132 -
Table 3.2.6-2 Noise Level by Mcasuring Point
TIME 12 00 21 06Site I range 38 - 4(0 43 - 45
means 39 44
TIME 09 55 21 15Site 2 range 37 - 39 47 - 49
means 38 48
TIME 10 15 21 35Sitc 3 rangc 35 - 37 45 - 47
means 36 46
TIME 10 45 20 53Site 4 range 39 - 41 47 - 49
means 40 48
TIME 11 00 20 53Site 5 range 39 - 41 47 - 49
means 40 48
TIME 10 00 20 00Site 6 range 32 - 34 40 - 42
means 33 41
TIME 11 00 20 : 25Site 7 range 39 - 41 38 -40
means 40 39
TINIE 09 50 20 30Site 8 range 41 - 43 31 - 33
means 42 32
TIMIE 10 50 20 10Site 9 range 53 - 55 44 - 46
means 54 45
TIME 11 05 21 50Site 10 range 40 - 42 40 - 42
means 41 41
In this area, there is not a resoure which produces vibration or bad ordor.
- 133 -
3.2.7 Recreation and Scenery
Sightseeing resource in this area is Namyang-Lake, Asan-Lake and
Sapgyo-Dike, ancl several tempics. In the vicinily many sightseeing
resources are distributed.
As tor temples there are llyonchung-Sa and Yongju-Sa. As for hot
spring, there are Onyang-1lol Spring, 'I'ogo-Ilol Spring, andl Tuksan-liot
Spring,
As for public garcien, there is Tuksan-Provincial Ilark. And then, there
are Susan Coast Nalional Park and swimming beach of Manri-Beach,
Yon-Beach, and NMongsan - Beach.
Asan-Dike and Sapgyo-Dike posses oplimal conlitlion of' sightseeing &
reereation area centered in Onyang.
'I'hey are famous tor fishing places together %ilh Shin-gal Reservoir
-134 -
2 ' 7 - I h f
YongujuTemple
Namyang ~ z~:::~( Lake )2
Lake
("Sa`pkyoLake `ZZ:To*p of
\ >s_____ChungMuGong
w z 0 2 X f~~~~~~~~Hyungchung- /-~tN TempleTogo-HIot > Onyang-Hot -
Spring Spring
Tuksan> ~Tuksan-HotSpring!¢=Prov incial s kot"S-< Park Temple
-135 -
3.3 Socio-ecomical Environment
3.3.1 Population
In 1980, population of this area is 780,000 peoples which is 2.0% of
Nat ional-Population.
Density of population is 345 peoples per km 2 and it is less than
national population density by 40 peoples, which means low
urbanization.
Table 3.3.1-1 Density of Population (1980)
Classsification Populalion Area Populal ion DensityCountry (1,000 person) (km 2) (Person/km 2)
National 38,124 99,000 385
Asan-Bay 780 2,258 345
Hwasung 217 777 280
Pyungtaek 234 412 568
Asan 168 499 336
Tangjin 161 570 283
Data: Annual Statistical Report of Country
As we look into the populalion change ol lhis area in 1970-1980
period. Tangjin-Country is decreasing absolutely, and
augmentation rate ot lIwasung-Country, Pyongtaek-Country, and
Asan-Country is no more than 0.8% which dloes not reach to
natural augmentation. This fact proves that there are leaving
population.
-136 -
Table 3.3. 1-2 Population MovementUnit: Person, %
Year Augmenlatio Ratio1970 1975 1980
Country 75/70 80/75 80/70
National 30,852,000 34,679,000 38, 124, 00( 4.5 1.9 2.1
Asan-Bay 721,046 766, 185 780,019 1.1 0.6 0.8
Hwasung 193,885 208,289 217,117 1.5 0.9 1.1
pyongtaek 203,305 227,834 234, 133 2.3 0.5 1.4
Asan 151,403 162,274 167,713 0.1 0.7 0.3
Tangjin 173,053 167,788 161,056 0.7 AO. 9 AO. 7
Population of peoples agedl more than 15 years in 1980 is 61.7%
of Nalional-Pop'ulat ion, and the rale of parlicipalion to economic
activities of this population is 62.7%. This rate increases in
proportion to population growth.
This area possessing 2.2% of Economic Activity l'articipant in
all nation, the rate ol participation to cconomic dctivities is
higher than that of Nation's by 6.2% or so.
Table 3.3.1-3 Economic Activity Participant (EAP)Unit: 1,00(0 person
197(0 1975 1980 EAPYear
Total Above Total Above Total AboveCountry Popu- EAP Popu- H.AP Popu-
lation 15 lation 15 lation 15
National 31,435 18,194 10,199 34,679 21,470 12,340 38,124 23,603 13,336
Asan-Bay 731 410 250 763 469 295 760 469 294
Hwasung 194 III 68 208 130 82 217 136 85
Pyunglaek 203 115 70 225 140 88 234 146 92
Asan 161 90 55 162 99 62 158 97 61
Tangjin 173 94 57 168 1o0 63 151 90 56
-137 -
3.3.2 Industry
Main indurstal activity of this arca is Agriculture. Agrarian Houshods
posses 57.7% of Total Farmhouse. And, combines some of rivestok
breeding, and fishery households is vary ratc on account of poor
fishery resources.
For others, some manufacturing industries are properous.
Table3.3.2-1 Agrarian l1ouseholds (All) & Culturing Area by Region
Classi. All Popu- Popu- Cultirng Area Culturing AreaRegion lalion lalion per AH
(1.000) (1,000) per All (km 2) (ha)
National 2,224 1,528 5.2 22,220 9,100 13,120 1.0 0.4 0.6
Asan Bay 41 217 5.3 478 167 311 1.2 0.4 0.8
Pyungtaek 8 44 5.4 94 26 68 1.2 0.3 0.9
Hwasung 16 86 5.3 214 78 136 1.3 0.5 0.8
Asan 4 21 5.5 46 14 32 1.2 0.4 0.8
Tangjin 12 66 5.5 124 49 75 1.0 0.3 0.7
- 138-
And There is Pyongtaek Thermoclectric Power Plant. This Plant
was built in 1980, March. At prcsent 1,2 Machinc (Operating
Capacity 350 MW x 2 Apparatus = 700 MW) are in operation, and 3,4
Machine is in the construclion which will be made up by 1982,
March.
3.3.3 Residence
There is 780,000 people ol 155 housholds in Asan-Bay area, and average
family number is 5 mcn which is lcss than 5.2 mcn of National avcragc.
As for residing condition, there is 109,000 house which is 2.0% of
National (5,463,000) qu.
Possession rate of housing is in National figurc 74.5%, compare with
this, Asian-Bay area has high ratio of 81.95%. 'I'he high ratio of
possession rate seems to bc causecl by low ratc of urbanization.
3.3.4 Trattic
Distance from Chunan-intcrchangc of' Scoul-Pusan llighAay to Asan- Bay
area is 25km.
As for railroad, it is 20km distance Irom l'yongtack. Asan-Bay arca is
the startig point of 38'th National Road, and Inchon-Kunsan westcoast
highspeed road will be go through Asan-Dikc. Thercfore, though it is
inconvenient at present, it leaves much room for improvement.
In this area, total distance of roadis is 1,484 km, and pavement ratio
is no more than 15.5%. Compared with 48.4% ol National ratio, it
proves bad road status of this area.
- 139 -
Table3.3.3-1
YcarCountry 1970 1975 1980
Household 5,576,000 6,367,000 7,331,000National [louse 4,360,000 4,734,000 5,463,000
Storage Tank 21.8 25.6 25.5
Household 130,601 143,740 154,514Asan-Bay House 114,695 121,632 128,636
Storage Tank 12.17 15.38 16.75
Household 34,514 39,336 43,803Howsing House 31,221 34,632 36,220
Storagc Tank 9.54 11.96 16.31
lHousehold 37,798 44,712 49,209Pyungtaek House 29,320 33,534 35,933
Storage Tank 22.41 25.0 26.98
Asan Bay 28.833 30,040 31,729Asan Housc 26,174 26,296 28,338
Storage Tank 9.2 12.46 10.69
Asan Bay 29,465 29,652 29,773Tanggin House 27,980 27,170 28,145
Storage Tank 5.04 8.37 5.47
-140 -
Table3.3.4-1 Traffic Statusllnit: m.%.No
YearCountry 1970 1975 1980
Total Length 13,542,0(49 16,612,292 20,606,328National Pavement Rate 28.4 38.5 48.4
Autocar No 134,502 207.005 460,425
Total Length 987,188 980,097 997,313Asan-Bay Pavement Rate 8.7 9.5 15.5
Autocar No. 1,061 2,162 8,451
Total Lcngth 386,777 383,671 383,800Huasung Pdvement Rate 6.5 6.9 10.9
Autocar No. 153 559 2,447
Iotal length 174,235 167,210 158,595Pyungtaek Pavement Rate 13.6 21.5 27.5
Aulocar No 556 1,(053 3,923
Total Length 212,824 211,816 227,018Asan Pavement Rate 7.7 12.0 17.5
Autocar No. 219 263 1,271
Total Length 213,352 217,400 227,900Tang.jin Pavement Rate 0.s5 0.5 3.8
Autocar No. 133 287 810
- 141 -
Graph of Traffic Network
- I~~~~I
-A v u 4x,
, ~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .I
AlS)/h~t k v S.' *, ! ' (
' X ; (s~~~~~~~~~
4. INFLUENCE ON ENVIRONMENT
4.1 Natural Environmcnt
4.1.1 Weather
Weather change duc to construction of the LNG base is not expected.
4.1.2 Topography and Gcology
A signilicant change in topography and geology due to proposed project is
not expected, but some minor change in topography such as the base site
for the facilitics, the sea lane to be dredged, the disposal area for the
dredged soils, the port facilities, and the quarry for construction
aggrcgates.
The base site and the disposal area will be filled with dredged soils
from the bottom of the proposed sea lane and ship turning area, and the
details are tabulated in Table 4.1.2-1.
Table 4.1.2-1 Construction Plan of Site and Disposal Area
Location Area(m 2) Volume(m 3) Remark
Base Site 118,000 876,000 Fill fHeight +lOmDisposal Sile 1,784,500 10,o00,000 Fill X leight +12m
-143 -
4.1.3 Oceanic Environment
Oceanic environmental change due to the proposed project would be the sea
bed 1opography, the depth and/or suspended substances of Ihe sea waler,
etc., and the details are followed.
1) Sea-bed topography
UJpon completion of' the filling works on lhe LNG base site and the
reclaimed land of the disposal site, some modification of the water
ways of the area is expected. 1Bccause the width and depth of the
water ways are in relation of the quantity of fresh water, their size
would be same as present. 'I'hus moclification ol' the water ways to
reach the equilibrium section will be continued for some period after
filling works.
Since a ship turning area (diameter of 900m) in the inport and a new
sea lane (Length ot about 30km ancl width of' 400m) in outport are
planned to be constructed in the tuturc, ihe sea bed will bc dredged
up to the level of-14.Om from the present level that ranged between -
4.Om and +20.Om. Expected amount of the soils to be ciredged and
abancdonecl are 1abulaled in 'I'abIe 4. 1.3-1.
-144-
'I'able 4.1.3-1 Expeclccl Amount ol Soils
Soil Amount
Location 'I'o Be Dredcgec To Bc Disposed
Ship-Turning Area 2,010, 00( m 3 2,613,000 m 3
Sea Lane A 250,000 325,000Sea Lane B 8,540,000 11,102,000Total 10,800,00( 14,040,000
Remark : The soil amounl lo be disposed is incrcased to 30% from thedredgecl soil.
2) Watcr tempcraturc
A major lactor in the change ol' water quality due 'to the proposed
project is a dIrop in the water temperature. The amount of the sea
water for lNG vaporization is as l'ollows :
For Low pressure 90 T LNGIll x 40 T SW/T LNG = 3,600 T/H
3,600 T/ll x 3 I'umps = 10,800 T/H
For Hligh Pressure 5,100 T/ H x 4 P'umps = 20,400 T/H
I'otal = 31,200 TI/H
8.67 m 31 sec
- 145 -
The sea water for LNG vaporization is cooled down at a rate of 4 C
when discharged. The total amount of the warm water discharged from
the Pyungtek Thermoelectric l'ower Slation woulci be 4 generator Units
including additional 2 Units to be completed in March 1992. Total
amount of the warm waetr dIischarged from 2 and 4 units is computed as
follow :
Present 6,417 m 3/sec x 2 each \ 2 units = 25,670 m 31sec
Future 6,417 m 3/sec x 2 each x 4 units = 51,340 m 31sec
The temperature dilference between the discharged watcr and the local
sea water would be assumed to be approximately 8 C. Thus, a drop of
water temperature is expecteci when the cool water discharged from the
LNG Plant is mixed lo the warm waler dischargecd from the Pyungtek
Thermoelectric Power Station, i.e., the total hcat amount of the warm
water from the Power Slation is
51.34 m 3/sec x 8 C,
and the total heat loss of the cool water from the LNG Plant is
8.67 m 31sec x (-4 C),
thus, the resulting temperature increase is computed as follow
151.34 m 3/sec - (8.67m 3/sec x 4/8)1 x 8 C
= 47.00 m 3/sec x 8 C
- 146 -
The water temperature increased by the discharged water from the
Power Station will be lowered about 8.5 % due to the cool water
discharged from lhe l.NG Planl, which reduces had influence on the
oceanic envirionment.
For determining the area (Al) ol which surface water temperature is
increased more than I C duc to the amount Q of warm watcr with "Od
higher temperature than the local water temperature, Sinden proposed
an empirical equation as follow :
Log Al = 1,226 log Ocl. 0 + 3,686
The diffused area obtained from the above equation for each case is
tabulated in Tahle 4.1.3-2.
Table 4.1.3-2 Diffused Area ol the l)ischarged Warm Water
Factors 2 units 4 units 4 units + LNG
AO d ( 0C) 8 8 8Q (n m sec) 25.76 51.34 47.0Al (ir) 3.33 X 10^6 7.77 x 10^6 6.97 X 10^6
The diffused area of the warm water discharged from 2 units of
Pyungtek Power Station is computed dS 3.33 km 2which is slight less
than the surface area 3.9Km 'of the small bay in front of the Namyang
Lake during the neap tide and the high tide water period.
147 --
The diflused area becomes 7.77 Km 2 lor operation ol 4 units and 6.97
Km 2for operation ol 4 units and LNG pinat, which indicated 10%
reduction of the diffused area by operalion of the LNG planl.
As conclusion, the installation of the LNG plant reduces bad
influence caused by the warm waler (lischarge(l from the Pyunglek Power
Station by reducing about 10% of the diffused area of warm water
having I C higher temperature than the local water temperature.
3) Suspended substances
The amount of the suspended substances in the water along the major
water ways around Ahsan L3ay is relatively high as estimated to 10 -50
mg/I. During the filling %ork on the base site and disposal site by
transportation ol sea bed soils %ith a pump dredging barge, the
amount of the suspended substances would be increased temporary at a
certain area due to discharging the muddy water, but the amount would
be limited to 50 mg/l which is the same amount during.
Since the size of soil parlicles at botlom of' the ship turning area
and sea lane is mainly ranged between fine and coarse sands, i.e.,
0.10± 0.30 mm in diameler, the amount ol clay lo be suspended
during discharging the dredge(d soils wouldl be small.
4.1.4 Ecosystem
Total amount ol the discharged water Irom the LNG plant is relatively
small (4.34 m 3 /sec, 4C clecrease) comparing to that from the Pyungtek
Power Station (51.34 m 3 /sec lor 4 units, 8 C increase). Even though the
water temperature gives an influence on a biota as well as growth of
oceanic leves, it is not expected to change of an ecosystem by increasing
ol I C in the water lemperalure.
-148 -
Thus no physical, chemical, and thermal inf'luence to the lives are
expected by provicling the cool waler from the vaporization facilities.
Especially for the thermal influencc, as previously mentioned, the cool
water reduces bad influence induced by the warm water discharged from the
Pyungtek Power Station by reducing 10% of the diffused area.
The amount. of suspended substances clue to disposal of the soils dredged
from the sea lane of outport and bay, is expected the amount of 50 mg/l,
which is a similar amouni (luring al shallow parl of' lhc Ahsan bay. Thus
the ecosystem would not be influenced due to the suspended substances.
4.1.5 Natural Resources
Upon conducting the lNG project, no natural resources will be influenced
except, the fishery resources.
Major influences are that a few fishery places to be closed due to
lilling l'or the base site and disposal site, and the amount of catch to
be reduced due to increasing of suspended substances during discharging the
dredged soils.
As shown in Table 3.1.5-1, three fishery places will be completely
closed, two l'ishery places in the sea lane ares will be partially
damaged, and thirty fishery places will be indirectly influenced.
- 149 -
4.2 Living Environment
4.2.1 Land Use
Generally, no environmental iniluence on the land use due to LNG project
is expecled, cxccpt the area dircc1ly rclatecd to the lNG plant such as
adjacent area lo the LNG lacilities, quarry area, new road, site
clearance area etc.
4.2.2 Air Quality
Since the fuel of boiler is planned lo be replaced with lNG, no S02 is
anticipated, and amount ol NOx would be limited to maximum 100 ppm
hecause ol' lhe low NOx burner lo be employed.
4.2.3 Water Environment
Not applicable.
4.2.4 Soil Conclilion
Generally, no environmental iniluence on the soil condition due to LNG
project is expected, except the area directly related to the LNG plant
such as acljacent. area lo the l.NG Iacililies, quarry area, new road, sile
clearance area etc.
4.2.5 Waste Materials
Not applicable.
- 150 -
4.2.6 Noise, Vibration, and Stench
Even though there are major sources of noise and vibration such as ORV
(Open Rack Vaporizer), boiler, air compressor, sea water pump, gas
sending pipe etc., all those are placed in the building and thus only a
minor iniluence is expected.
4.2.7 Leisure and Scenery
Not applicable.
4.2.8 LNG Characteristics and Prevention of Pollution
I) Characteristics of LNG
Natural gas contains a varying amount of carbonic acid gas, hycirogen
sulfide, moisture elc. depending on the gas well. Because the carbonic
acid gas and hydrogen sulfide among inpurilies can corrode the
facilities ancl the moisture can be a cause of an accident by freezing
during process, those impurities arc removed during the refinement of
LNG.
During the liquefaction process of the natural gas to produce the LNG,
uncompressable gas such as nitrogen which has lower boiling point than
methane, and hydrocarbon which is heavier than the methan, are
separaled. As the resull, lhe concentration of the methane in the LNG
is very high and thus the characteristics of LNG can be considered as
same as the characteristics ol the liquefied methane for convenience.
--151 -
The LNG has a boiling point of about -162 C under atmospheric pressure.
It has no corrodability due to scparation of impurities and does not
produce scale on the surface of the thermo-transferring plate in the
thermo-transformer. In casc of vaporization following the leakage of
LNG, the LNG is slightly hcavier than air at the extremely low
lemperature (below -110 C), bul it becomes lighter than air by
increasing temperature. Thus there is a rare possibility to explode by
concentration of LNG at lower place like as propane gas.
Since the LNG has a blue frame without smoke and does not produce
oxidized sulfide when it is burned, it is called a cl,ean energy with
high safety.
For reference, the chemical composilion ol Ihe Indonesian LNG to be
imported by Government is consist ol melhane 86.96%, ethane 8.40%,
propanc 3.66%, bulanc 0.92%, and nilrogen (1.05%. Some charactcristics
of methane which is a major component of LNG, and propane and butane
which are major componenis of' LPG are labulated in 'I'able 4.2.8-1.
-152 -
<Table 4.2.8-1> Comparison of LNG and LPG
LPG LNG
Propane N-Butane Metane
Molecular formula C3118 C41110 C114
Specific Gravity of 1.522 2.006 0.554gas (air=l)
Boiling point -42.1 0C -0.5 0C -161.5 °C(I atmosphericpressure)
Meltion point -187.7 °C -138.4 °C -182.5 °C
Specific gravity of 0.580 0.605 0.425liquid (boilingpoint 4 °C)
Critical temperature 96.8 °C 152.0 °C -82.1 °C
Critical Pressure 42.0 37.4 45.8
Iginition temperature 466 °C 405 °C 537 °C
Combustion range 2.1 - 9.5% 1.8 - 8.4% 5.0 - 15.0%
Total caloric valuc 23,674Kcal/Nm3 30,682Kcal/Nm3 9,500Kcal/Nm3
("Handbook ol Nalural Gas Engineering")
2) Prevention of Pollution
Since the LNG does not produce oxidized sulfide, dust, and suspended
substances as well as the nilrogen oxi(le which is ancd issue today, the
air pollution can be significantly reduced by using lING as the
generating luel.
- 153 -
Further more if the urban fuels of coal and the industrial fuel of oil
are substituted with LNG, the water pollution source such as ash, dust,
leaked oil besides the harmful gases, would reduced, which is good for
the environmental preservalion.
Based on the literatures, the discharged quantity of the pollutants from
the LNG and other luels is compared in 'I'able 4.2.8-2
Table 4.2.8-2 Comparison of discharged quantity ot pollutant from difterent fuels
Air pollution Water pollution
Pollutant Oxidized Oxidizedl Dust Suspen(led Oil Otherssulfide nitrogen substance
Fuel type (S02:ppm) (NO2:ppm) (mgIl)
Allowable Less than Less than Less than Less than Less thanlimit 1,800 250 500 100 5
Coal 600-1,800 500-1,000 500-1,000 0.2-110,000 0.8-50,000
B.C. Oil 2,100-2,500 250-500 500 0.2-16,800 1.0-50,000 significantlypolluted byleakage
Low Suifur 380 150-200 180-200 0.2-116m800 0.1-50,000 significantlyoil polluted by
leakage
LNG 0 150-250 0 0 0
- 154 -
4.3 Social and Economical Environment
4.3.1 Population
T'otal man-days required wouldi be aboul 700,000 for the construction of
the LNG Plant and the employee ol' 120 will reside at site for operation.
The rural population uouIcl not be clecreased by the proposed project.
4.3.2 Industry
Inronworks shops and ship repair factories as the related industry are
expected and the following second and thircl industries will be increased.
4.3.3 Habilation
Because of a sudden increase of population for construction, there would
be some housing problems during the construction, but the houses l'or the
employee to be constructed will provide better livint space.
4.3.4 Transportation
Transportation system for the resident will 'be improved upon completion
of the project.
- 155 -
5. Reduction Plan AND Countermeasure for Bad Inlfluence
5.1 Natural Environment
5.1.1 Weather Condition
No wcather change is expected dLIe to the LNG project, and thus any
reduction plan for the ba(d inlluence on environment is not necessary.
5.1.2 Topography and Geology
No bad influence on topography and gelogy is expectecd due to the LNG
project.
5.1.3 Oceanic Environment
Bad influence on lhe oceanic cnvironment caused by the warm waler
discharged from the Pyungtek Power Station will be recluced at a ratio of
10 IA by the cool water clischarged form the LNG Plant. It, however, is
required to install the revetment and inner lilter on the embankment to
prevent an overflow of the mudciy water during discharging the dredged
soils.
5.1.4 Ecosystem
Since bad influence onthe oceanic environment caused by the warm water
discharged irom the Pyungtek Poser Station will be reduced at a ratio of
10 % by the cool water discharged from the LNG 1l3nat, no countermeasure
is requirecd to reduce an influence on the ecosystem. Ilowever, the amount
ot the suspended substances should be reduced to protect any change of
the ecosystem by installation of the revetment and inner filter on the
embankment.
- 156 -
TYPICAL SECTION REVETMENT( RECLAMATION AREA
t 12 :1 0 _tL SA IN L INE ' iLj ttlIZ O
E I" 1 ARRZL Y R:2 O- ARMOR sToNe
/ __ ~~~~~~H W Q_0 - TR EC LAMLtATION /y
- Q UUARRY RUN RROCK +) _S L 46
__ >4N'Sf°< tS QOO ArrhOx /#P__ $I LASS
/ 01 00"Mg 0 I U U
/ - ORIGINAL GOOUND L INf FILTER MArTM K 4 nlArn
5.l.5 Natural Resources
As a countermeasure to minimize the bad influence on the fishery
resources, the revetment and inner filter on the embankment is required.
Upon completion of' the LNG planl, no more bad influence on the fishery
resources would be expected.
5.2 Living Environment
5.2.1 Land Use
A significant changc in the land use is not .anticipated, but a
countermeasure to prevenl a cold-weather damage to the corps along the
LNG pipe line installed at the farm land is required. For this measure,
the pipe line should be placed at least l.Om below the ground surface.
5.2.2 Diffusion of Gas and Prevention of D)isasters
As mentioned previously, the lNG is very effective to prevent the
pollution, but because of the cxtremely low temperature of the LNG, the
construction materials l'or the plant should be carcfully sclected and
also some high construction technology is required. Further more
prevention measure against to the fire and the loss of lives by leakage
of the LNG, should bc pcrfectly set. T'he sal'ety may bc kept up through
the training l'or a skilil'ul operation and f'or a prevention of' disaster.
These perfect prevention measure against to the disaster would reduce the
fear and Ihe damage of lhc adjacent resident.
-158 -
1) Diffusion of gas
If the LNG which is liquefied at a extremely low temperature of -162 °C
under an atmospheric pressure, is leaked on the ground surface, it will
be immediately evaporated due to 1) a conducted heat from the ground
surface, 2) a convected heat of air, and 3) a cmitted heat from the sun.
The vaporized gas of low temperature will condense the moisture in the
air by showing a while cloud which will be diffused into the air by the
wind.
Because the vaporized gas at a room lemperature has a half weight of
air, it is easily dilfused. llowever, the gas is heayier than air at a
low tempcrature (-110 °C). thus it sprcads out on the ground surface
immediately afgter leakage. Iherelore, 1he lNG facilities should be
dlesigned to have an anti-fire measurc by considering 1) spread of LNG
surface, 2) gasification condition of I.NG, 3) diffusion behavior of gas,
4) characteristics ot combustion and extinction.
Since the dliffusion of gas is depend not only on the weather condition
such as the air temperature, the wind velocity, and the gas temperaturc,
but also on the geometry of the ground surface and the thermal capacity,
the correct estimation of the dillusion condlition is pretty difficult.
The simulation test of LNG leakage to understand its diffusion
character is now under perlorming in several countries, and some of the
condition has been understood.
-159 -
Because the 5 % concentration of the cliffused l,NG as a lower limit of
ignition is in the white cloud, thus the range of safety for the leakage
is clear which is lhe characlerislics ol lhe vaporized l.NG. When 1he
diffused gas is ignited by an ignition source which may be a cause of
fire, it is burned with a yellowish red frame. Thus, in the LNG
facilities, the air tight measure is required to prevent a gas leakage
into the closed space in the building.
And by employing the boil off gas system, the inner pressure of the gas
storage tank should be kept a liltle higher than the almospheric
pressure so that no air could Icak inlo the tank.
2) Prevention measure of disaster
(I) Basic policy
First of all, the basic policy on Ihe prevention of disaster is the
prevention an accident. before it happens, and if it, happened, it
should be minimized and recovered quickly so that it cannot give a
serious influence to outside. Followings are the basic prevention
measure adopted commonly.
a) Employing the facility type with high salety
b) Perfection on the facilities including dtesign and construction
c) Installation of prevention lacilitics considering the charac-
teristics of LNG which is and extremely low temperature and
combustible liquelied gas, by improvement of technology for
operation and maintenance etc.
- 160 -
i) Prevention ol accident belore happens
Basic countermeasure to prevent an accident before it happens is as
follow :
- Establishment of a perl'ect restoration system
- Establishment ol a perfect operation system
ii) Minimizing accident
Basic countermeasure to minimize and restore rapidly for the happened
acciclent is as follow :
- Early discovery of abnormal condition
- Rapid Irealment after discovering the acciclent.
i.e., rapid recover of abnormal conclition and prevention of the
expansion of the condition to the other part
2) Countermeasure facility for abnormal event
(I) Early discovery ol' abnormal evenl
In order for early cliscovery of an abnormal evenl, the monitoring
system such as a low temperature indicator, a combustible gas
indicalor, and a high temperature indicator l'or ignition, should be
established. 'I'hose e(luipmenl i.s (lescribedl in follow ing
- 161 -
i) Equipment for gas leakage indicator and warning
In order for early discovery ol the LNG leakage, this equipemtn is
installed on thc LNG storage tank, intakc facility, pump facility,
etc. The contact combustive type and the semicon(luct type may be
used. The standard warning level is 25% of the lower limit of
explosion.
ii) Equipment lor low temperature inclicalion and warning
In order to aware the lNG leakage at early stage ancl to complete
the gas leakage indicalor, lhis equipmenl is inslalled in the
licluid collecling trench and sump in lhe embankment. The type of
indicator is thermoelectric or gas expansion type.
iii) Equipment lor fire in(licator and warning
This is installed for indication ol' frame during the combustion of
vaporized gas. The high temperature indicator with thermoelectric
type may be used.
(2) Treatment facility aftcr discovery ot abnormal event
In order to minimize the leakage amount ol LNG, the liquid in the
storage tank should be rapidly transported to the safe place and the
place of leakage should be blocked for separation from other place.
Further more, a liquid capturing dike and an antivaporization facility
such as a high foam producer are required as a countermeasure against
to a large amount of leakage.
-162
The fixed type of a fire extinguishing power ejector and a high foam
producing lacility may he used in combination.
For the piping facility, it is basically same as the st.orage tank, but
the blockage by valves is acicditionally attempted. And a fire
extinguishing power ejectlr to re(luce the Irame in case of combustion
on the vaporized gas, is installed.
For the purpose of minimizing ol the hazardous surface area due to the
vaporized gas of the LNG leakage, ihe water curtain is installecd. The
water curtdin will restrain a horizontal spreading ol' gas andl allow
the upward diffusion of the gas. 'I'hose are the firsJ step of the
prevention against to the abnormal evcnl.
The second step of' the measure may be divi(decd into two categories.
One is the prot.ecltion of' t.he lacilities 1'rom high temperature, i.e.,
an installation of a coldl waler sprinkler on the storage tank. The
other is the prolection of the lacilit.ies I'rom low temperature. Some
ol the facilities such as the rool of storage tank, piping rack, and
other lacilities macde by a carbon steel, are very brittie at a low
temperature. 'I'hus, a protection cover against to a low temperature is
required for those facilities.
- 163 -
(3) Central control system
The central control systcm has lunclions lor prevention and warning by
analyzing all the information collected through several types of
indicators installcd at thc facilities. The system consists of a
warning indicating part, an emergency shut-oil control part, and an
answer-back indicating part, and its major facilities are as follow
i) Abnormal indicator
Combustible gas indicator, low temperature inclicalor, high
temperature indicator : as described previously.
ii) Monitoring facility (industrial TV)
It %ill be installed to monitor all the storage tank area.
iii) Emergency paging facilities
a) An exclusive line or wireless phone as a paging facility between
Ihe storage tank area and the central control center, will be
installed for an emergency communication.
b) A siren or a broadcast system lor emergency announcement to
cover all work area, will be required.
iv) Signal conversion and communication lacility Because a common
thermometer used lor a high or low temperature indicator and other
facility for early discovery are generally based on the analogue
indication, the signal conversion and warning facilities are
installed lor compleltion. These inlormalion is processed by a
micro-computer with a multi communication facility in the control
center.
-164-
v) Emergency shut-off
a) An emergency shut-off will be installed in the pipe line near
by the storage tank in case of emergency.
b) The shut-otf should be worked by hand as well as by remote
control syslem.
c) In order to prevent an overtlow of the storage tank, a liquid
level indicator will be installed, and the shut-olt should be
operatedl immedliately aler lhe warning sign.
d) Both the remolte conlrol and hand operation ot the shut-off
should be possible during an interruption ol' electric power by
an earlhqluake or other disasler.
vi) Control of tire extinction lacility
a) Both the remote control and hand operation tor the tire
e\tingusihing powder ejeclor and 1he high foam producing
lacility should be possible.
b) Both the remote control and t.he hand operation of the water
curtain ancl sprinkler system should be possible.
ii) Others
A disply syslem such as CR1' is required in the central control
center for visal check ol information on (lemand and for the
simulation of all the system at the same time.
- 165 -
3) Security education and training
A regular education and training program on the security may be required
against to an emergency case. An active attcndancc on the regional
training for the disasler prevenlion under government conlrol, is highly
encouraged. The edlucalion and training on the employce are for the
purposes of a skilllul operalion through a fully understanding of the
facilities as well as the characterislics ol LNG. Both education and
practice for the prevention and extinction ol the fire may be regularly
performed. It may be required to organize an adequate prevention team
and emergency connecting level for a given location apd a size of a
disasler and may need a regular practice lor emergency. In real
practice, folowing should bc included.
(I) Practical training for fire cxtinction
i) Rapid fire extinction by using a water curtain and a fire
extinguishing power ejeclor.
ii) Approach to the shut-off controller by protecting the frame with a
water curlain.
iii) Measure on the size and magnitude ol the lire source compounded with
a lcaked liquid and vaporized gas.
(2) Mock Training
i) Countcrmcasurc for a mock event on the plant, and an order and
report to the persons in a relevanl position.
- 166 -
(3) Disposition training
i) Report of the fire and cmergency mobilizat ion wilh necessary eqjuip-
ment.
ii) Rapid ancd acdequale hancdling ol' lhe shul-oll' conlroller ancl oblaining
a controlling technique tor a waler hose.
(4) Direction and communication lraining
i) Direction ol' director basecd on the judgmcnnt for a given situation.
ii) Oral and wireless communication lor the direction.
(5) Assessment of training
i) The overall Iraining conducled( regularly is assessed to improve the
system for disaster prevention.
The conceptional flow chart l'or the prevenlion of' LNG disasler mentionecl
above is given in Figure 5.2.2-1.
-167 -
Fig.5.2.2-1 Conccptional flow chart for prevention of LNG disaster
Event Purpose Facility forDisaster Prevention
LNG leakage Early discovcry Facility forEarly discovery
Damagc minimizing Shut-oft' facility-hby conlrol of leakage at early stage
Damage minimizing by Ieakage minimizingfire fighting lacility lacility
Acceleration facility forupwartl (diffusion of gas
|-Irolection of adjiacent | |Covering facility- I'ac i I i I y ~~~anti-cot cf
Combustiai yaarly Zy
Fire lxlunction |ire extinguishing]Ifacility
|Protection of a(djacent Anti-hear laci=litfacility likc sprinkler
- 168 -
5.2.3 Water Environmeni
5.2.4 Soil Condition
5.2.5 Waste Material
5.2.6 Noise, Vibration, ancd Stench
Not applicable
5.3 Social and Economical 1.nvironmeni
5.3.1 Population
5.3.2 Inclustry
5.3.3 Habitation
5.3.4 Transporlal ion
Not applicable.
-169
6. UNAVOIDABLE INFLUENCE ON ENVIRONMENT
6.1 Natural Environment
6.1.1 Weather
6.1.2 Topography and Geology
6.1.3 Oceanic Environment
6.1.4 Ecosystem
6.1.5 Natural resource
An unavoidabic bacl influence cxpected by performing Ihe LNG proje>A, is a
decrease ot tishery activity duc to closure ol fishery places by the
l'illing of dredged soils on the disposal sits. 'I'he loss in property of
fishing people should be compenslaed a(leqluately based on the detail
investigation prior to the project begin.
6.2 Living Environment
6.2.1 Land Use
6.2.2 Air Quality
6.2.3 Water Environment
6.2.4 Soil Condition
6.2.5 Waste Materials
6.2.6 NOise, Vibration, and Stench
6.2.7 Leisure and Scenery
Not applicable.
-170-
6.2.8 Pollution by Leaked Gas of' LNG
Although the ignition temperaturc ol' the LNG is hisgh as 537 C. and it
has a minor chance to stay al low place because the vaporized gas is
lighter than the air, the danger ot tire is still existing. Thus, a
prevention measure for lirc and a counter measure to minimize the damage
for the emergency event shoull hbe properly deliberated.
6.3 Social and Economical Environmcnl
6.3.1 Population
6.3.2 Industry
6.3.3 Habitation
6.3.4 Transportation
Not apllicable
-171 -
7. Overall Assessment and Conclusion
7.1 Natural applicable
7.1.1 Weather
No weather change is expected by the proposed project.
7.1.2 Topography and Geology
Only few change of topography and geology is cxpccted by the proposed
project at a limited area such as the base site to be cleared, the sea
lane to be dredged, the port lacilities to be installed, and the quarry
for the construction materials. Especially for ihe reclaimed area, the
revetment and inner filter on the embankment are expected in advance.
7.1.3 Oceanic Environment
Since the difference in lidal level to Ahsan Bay is large as a maximum 8m
and its velocity is also high as a maximum 125 cm per second during the
major tidal period, the sea water will be %cll mixed ul) in the Bay. The
cooling water used for the l'yungtek Power Station will be discharged at a
rate of 51.34 mUscc (for 4 unit operation), at temperature of 8 C higher
than the local sea water, thus it increases the water temperature to I C
on the surface area of approximtely 7 kW. By construction of the LNG
base, a part of the warm waler (8.67 m31sec) from the power station is
cooled down about 4 C, so lhat the bad iniluence by ihe warm water is
decreased about 10% in terms of the surface area of sea water.
Because of the high wave due to the high tidal velocity in the Ahsan Bay
during winter season, the amount of suspended substances in the water is
pretty high as 10 to 50 mg/i along the main sea lane. Further more, the
amount of suspended substances would be increased temporary by dredging- 172 -
the bottom of the proposed sea lane and ship turning area, and by
overflowing of muddy water from the disposal area of the dredgedl soils,
but the amount would be limitedl to 50mglI because the soils constist of
fine to coarse sands of 0.10 to 0.3 mm in diameter. The bad influence
can be decreased by installing the revetment and inner tilter on the
embankment in adivanced lo disposal the dredged soils.
7.1.4 Ecosystem
The oceanic biota of the Ahsan B3ay shows a characteristics of a estuary
biota, and their existiing quantily is reIalively poor.
Because the bad intluence ol the warm water discharged lorm the power
station is reduced about 10%, the inf'luence on the ecosystem is also
decreased proportionally and thus the fishery product would be increased
with time.
7. 1.5 Fishery Resource
A five fishery placess will be closed due to filling works on the
disposal site of the dredged soils and some damage is expected on the
nearby 30 fishery places. An adecluate compensation for those fishery
places is required.
7.2 Living Environment
7. 2. 1 Land Use
Useful land such as the vase sile and lhe disposal area will he created
by the proposed project, and some modification on topography and a minor
change in the land use relation to the project such as the new road and
housing site etc., are expected.
7. 2.2 Noise, Vibration, and Stench _173 -
Since the noise and vibration sources are principally placed in the
builclings, almost no inrluence is expeclecl.
7.2.3 LNG
The air pollution around the Ahsan Bay can be remarkably reduced by
replacting the fuel from oil to LNG lor the Pyungtek llower Station, since
the LNG is a clean energy.
Although the ignition temperature ol the LNG is high as 537 C, and it has
a minor chance to slay at low place because the vaporized gas is lighter
than ther air, the danger of' fire is still existing.
Thus, the safety should be maintained by using the high safety facilities
and by improving lhe maintenance technique. Furlher more, the
installation of the abnormal indicator and warning equipment as %ell as
the security education, are rcquired lo minimize a damage from the
unexpected event.
7.3 Social and Economical Environment
The social and economical environment of the region would be improved by
the population increase and the activation of the industries related to the
LNG base. A rapid clevelopmenl of the region is expected through the
housing for the resident employee and the expansion ol the transportation
system.
-174 -
8. Relation the Other Business and Other Law
8.1 Reservation for Industry Basc
According to the "Development Promotion Law for Industry Base (Law Number
2657)", the gas supplying lacilily is included in the definition of the
industry base development business in Articlc 2 of the same law, and the
development area can bc reserved by Ministcr of Construction by obtaining
approval of President.
Therefore, it is necessary to reserve the proposed area as the industry
development base for clriving the project.
8.2 Compensation for Fishery Right
In Article 10 of the same law, it is specilied to follow the "Special Law
on the Land Expropriation For Public Purpose And The Loss Compensation (Law
Number 2847)" for dealing with 1he expropriated land with in the area
reserved for industry development.
8.3 LNG Facilities
According to Article 16 of the "Law ol the Gas 13usiness (Law Number 3133)",
the construction plan for the gas supplying facility described in
accordance with the standard defined by thc "Law of Energy and Resources",
should have an approval of a provincial governor, and an inspection of
completion by the governor is also required upon completion of the facility
construction prior to operalion.
-175 -
9. Others
1) Duration of Environment Assessment 1981.6.-1981.11.
2) List of Attending Engineers for Environment Assessment
Belonging to Position Name Major Attending on
Hanyang University Professor Yoo, Kwang-ihl Biology Nalural Env.
Dept. of Biology PEi
Occan Scicncc and Prcsident Lec, Scok-woo Occano-Natural Env./
Technology Co. physics Sociall
PE Economical Env.
Saekwang Eng.Co. President Choi,Seok-hwan Occanl Site Investigation
l'ort tion/Dredging
PE
Korea Atomic Manager Song,Hee-jung Chem.Eng. Living Env.
Tech. Co.
Assistant Lee,-jang-kee Civil Eng. Living Env.
Manager
3) Total Cost for Environment Assessment W11,000,000.-
-176 -
Bibliography
1. Ministry of Construction, 1966 Standards of Investigation Works of Soils.
2. Research Institute of Plant Environmeni 1971 Explanatory Notes of
Soils-Series Tome I - Tome 4 (English Version)
3. Institute of Korean Soils Investigalion Work & Office of Rural Development
1970 Summarized Soils-Map (Kyunggi-do & Chungchung nam-do) 1:50,000
4. Office of Rural clevelpment . 1970 - 1979 D)etailed Soil -Map
(by each city & country) 1:25,000
5. National Institute of Geography, 1980
Mapy 1150,000 Each Atlas by Related Region
6. Munscil Colour Company Inc, 1954 Muncell Soil Colour Charts.
7. Soil Survey Staff. 1951 Soil Survey Manual U.S.D.A.
S.O.S
8. Goosen, Doeko 1967 Aerial Photo Interpretation in soil Survey FAO Rome.
9. American Society of Photogrammetry 1960 Manual of Photographic
Interpretation, Washington D.C
- 177 -
10. National Office of Geological & Mineral Survey 1973 Gelogical Map
11. Institute of Agricultural Technology Research in Olfice of Rural Development
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Development Division published)
13. Report on LNG Receiving Examination ('80. 10. Ministry of Energy &
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14. Handbook of Civil Engineering 2nd Tome (Japan Kibodang published)
15. Combustion of lleavy Crude Fuel Oil Boiler (Measure to Expulsion ol Smoke)
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16. "Thermo Power Generation" Non Pollution Thermo Power Special Collection
Sires ('72.3. 186'th Japan Thermo Power Generation Technology Association
published)
17. LNG Manual
(Japan LNG Conferrence published)
18. Liquid Natural Gas ('81.10 CONCH METHANE SERICES, L.T.D. LONDON.)
19. Sea Map "Vicinity of Asan-Bay" 1979. Ministry of Transportation Waterway
Division published
20. Asan-Bay Dradging Investigation Report 1981. 6 Ministry of Construction- 178 -
21. Research of Environmental Health & Pollution in the vicinity of Power Plant
1979.12. Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIS'T) published
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published
23. Investigation Measures into Marine Environment Japan Occanograph Association
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24. Examination in Economical Efficiency of Asan-Bay Development project 1981.
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25. Principle Investigation Report of LNG Recciving Terminal Contruction Project
1980 KOREA ENGINEERING
26. IBRD loan Agricultre Overall Development Project 1977 Ministry of'
Agriculture and Fisheries published
-179 -