Document ot

The World Bank

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

C-R 9¶Xm sot

Report No. 6683-BUR

STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT

-XRKINA PASO

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

March 15, 1988

Agriculture DivisionCountry Department VAfrica Region

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

Currency Unit - CFA Franc (CFAF)USS - CFAF 300 (as of July 1987)

SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

Metric System

GOVERNMENT FISCAL YEAR

January 1 - December 31

FOR OFFICLAL UE ONLY

ABREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

BUMASOL Bureau National des Sole (National Soil Survey Institute)CCIARS Comite Consultatif Interafricain do la Recherche Scientifique

(Interafrican Consultative Comunittee for Scientific Research)CERCI Centre d'Experimentation du Riz ot des Cultures Irriguees

(Center for Experimentation on Rice and Irrigated Crops)CG Conseil de Gestion (Management Council)COIAR Groupe Consultatif pour la Recherche Agricole Internationale

(Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research)CI.'H Centre Inter-etats d'Etudes Hydrauliques

(West-african Center for Hydraulic Studies)CILSS Comite Inter-etats pour la Lutte contre la Secheresse dans l1

Sahel (Permanent Committee on Drought Control in the Sahel)CThMYT Centre International pour l'Amelioration du Kais et du Ble

(International Center for the Improvement of Maize and Wheat)CIRAD Centre de Coop;ration International, en Recherche Agronomique

poutr le Developpement (Center for International Cooperation onAgricultural Research for Development)

COSCINA Comite Scientifique National (National Scientifique Committee)CNCA Caisse Nationale de Credit Agricole (National Agricultural Credit

Fund)CNRST Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique

(National Center for Scientific and Technological Research)CRAF Centre de Recherches Agricoles et de Formation (Agricultural

Research and Training Center)CRRA Centre Regional de Recherches Agricoles (Regional Center for

Agricultural Research)CRTA Centre de Recherche sur les Trypanosomes Animales (Center for

Research on Animal Trypanosomes)CSPPA Caisse de Stabilisation des Prix des Produits Agricoles

(National Price Stabilization Fund for Agricultural Products)CTFT Centre Technique Forestier Tropical

(Technical Center for Tropical Forestry)DUA Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies (Extended Stadies Diploma)DSA Direction des Services Agricoles (Directcrate of Agricultural

Services)DSEIA Direction des Services de l'Elevage et des Industries Animales

(Directorate of Livestock Services)ESFIMA Recherche sur l'Eau, le Sol, la Fertilisation, l'Irrigation et le

Machinisme Agricole (Research Program on Soil, Water,Fertilization, Irrigation and Mechanization)

FAC Ponds d'Aide et de Cooperation (French Aid and Cooperation Fund)PAO Organisation pour l'Alimentation et l'Agriculture

(Food and Agriculture Organization)FIDA Ponds International pour le Developpement Agricole (International

Fund for Agricultural Development)FSU Farming Systems Unit (SAFPGRAD)IBE Institut Burkinabe de l'Energie (Burkinabe Institute for Energy)IBRAZ Institut Burkinabe de Recherches Agronomiques et Zootechniques

This document has a stricted dibution and may be ued by rwipientB only in the pefonueof their offci dutieL Its contets may not otherwie be discled wthout Wodd Dank authorattb.

(prior to that IVRMZ, now INERA) (Burkinabe Institute forAgronomic and Animal Production Research)

ICRISAT Inst4tut International de Recherches sur les Cultures des RegionsTropicales Semi-Ardes (International Crops Research Institutefor of the SadI-Arid Tropics)

IDR Institut du Developpement Rural (Institute for Rural Development)or: Ingenieur du Developpemont Rural (Rural Development Engineer)

IFAD sees FIDAIITA Institut International de l'Agriculture Tropicale (International

Institute for Tropical Agriculture)ILCA Centre International pour l'Elevage en Afrique (International

Livestock Center for Africa)INERA Institut d'Etudes et do Recherches Agricoles

(Agricultural Research Institute)INSAH Institut du Sahel (Sahel Institute)IRAT Institut do Recherches Agronomiques Tropicales et des Cultures

Vivrieres (Tropical Agricultural and Fooderops ResearchInstitute)

MUJET Institut de Recherche on Biologie et Ecologie Tropicale(Research Institute for Tropical Biology and Ecology)

uSN Institut de Recherche pour lee Substances Naturelles (Institutefor Research on Natural Substances)

IRS8S Institut do Recherche en Sciences Sociales et Humaines (ResearchInstitute for Social Sciences)

ISNAR Service International pour la Recherche Agronomique Nationale(International Service for National Agricultural Research)

ISP Institut Superieur Polytechnique (Polytechnical Institute of theUniversity of Ouagadougou) now: IDR

ITDR Ingonieur des Techniques du D;ve" pement Rural(Engineer of Rural Development Tecainiques)

IVRAZ Institut Voltalque de Recherches Agronomiques et Zootechniques(subsequently and successively known as IBRAZ and now INERA)

MAE Ministere de l'Agriculture et de l'Elevage (Ministry ofAgriculture and Livestock)

ME Minist;re de I'Equipement (Ministry of Equipment)MHSRS NinistZre de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche

Scientifique (Ministry of Higher Education and ScientificResearch)

MET Ministere de l'Environnement et du Tourisme (Ministry ofEnvironment and Tourism)

OAU Organisation de l'Unite Africaine (Organization for AfricanUnity)

OFNACER Office National des Cer4ales (National Grain Marketing Agency)ONERA Office National do l9Exploitation des Ressources Animales

(National Agency for the Expl2itation of Animal Resources)ORD Organisme Rigional de Daveloppement (Regional Development

Authority)ORSTOM Office de Recherche Scientifique et Technique d'Outre-Mer

(Office of Overseas Scientific and Technical Research)PAPEH Point d'Appui de Prewvulgarisation et d'Experimentation

Multilocale (Mini-Station for Pro-Extension Experimentation)

PNUg Programme des Nations Unies pour l'Environnument (United NationsEnvironmental Program)

PNUD Programso des Nations Unies pour le Developpement (United NationsDevelopment Program)

PPF Project Preparation Facility (Mecanisme de Financement de laPreparation des Projets)

RSP Programme de Recherche sur lee Systme6s de Production(Research Program on Farming Systems)

SAPOURD Recherche et D4veloppement sur les Cireales en Zone Aride(Seai-Arid Food Grains Research and Development)

SOFITEX Soci;to des Fibres et des Textiles (Fibers and Textiles Company)SOFVA Soci4te de Financement et de Vulgarisation de l'Arachide

(Society for Groundnut Financing and Extension)STIC Camit; Scientifique, Technique et de Recherches; de 1'QAU

(Scientific, Technical and Research Commission; of OAU)UDOCAN Union Burkinabo det Cooperatives Maralch;res

(Burkinabe Market Gardening Cooperative Union)UNDP Programme des Nations Unies pour le Daveloppement

(United Nations Development Program)unso Bureau des Nations Unies pour le Sahel

(United Nations Sahelian Office)USAID Agence des Etats Unis pour le Doveloppement International

(United States Agency for International Deveiopment)

BURX1NA WASO

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

Staff Auiraisal Report

TABLE OF CONTtNTS PLae No

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

pOCUMENTS CONTAINED IN THE PROJECT FILE iii

CREDILT AND PROJECT SUHIARY vi

I.* BACKGROUND 1

A. Introduction 1B. The Agricultural Sector 2C. Agricultural Institutions and Services 5D. Sector Issues and Bank Strategy 7

I-I. AGRICULTURAL. LIVESTOCK AND FOREEg Y RESEN RC 8

A. Background 85. The Organization of Agricultural Research 9C. Resoarch Priorities and Programs 10D. Research Facilities 13S. Staffing and Technical Assistance 14F. Res.arch-ExtansLon Linkages 16G. Research Funding 16H. Accounting and Financial Management 17

III. TH PROJECT 18

A. Objectives and Justification 18B. Suwary Description 19C. Detailed Features 19

(M) Organizational Strengthening 19(ii) Support to Research Programs 20(Uii) Training and Techaical Assistance 24(lv) Civil Works, Vehicles, Equipment and Stppliea 26

D. Project Costs and Fineacing 293. Procurement 31F. Disbursements 340. Environmental Impact 35

This report is basod on tha findings of an appraisal mission in December1986, composed of Mr. D. H. van dst Sluljs (mission leader), eadames N.Iwas. and T. Genta Fons (IDA), and Messrs. J. M. Dames (FAC); H. van Keulen(Dutch Technical Cooperation); and J. Burfield and B. Esteulle(consultants).

IV. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 35

A. Organization and Manage_ent 35B. Project Coordination 38C. Implementation Schedule 38D. Financial Control, Audit and Reporting 39

V. BENEFITS AND RISKS 40

A. General 40B. Main Benefits 41C. Project Risks 41

VI. AGREEMENTS REACHED AND RECOMMENDATION 42

1-1 The Location of INEMRA and IRBET within the Ministry ofHigher Education and Scientific Research (MESRS)

1-2 Organisational Structure of INERA1-3 Organizational Structure of IRBET2 INERA Professional Staff by Research Program

Tables 1-8 Burkiasb; staffTable 9 s Expatristo staff

3 IRBET Professional Staff by Program4 INERA - Funding by Source of Funds (1980-1985)5 Capital and Recurrent Expenditures for Agricultural Research

(INERA) - 19866 Capital and Recurrent Expenditures for Forestry Reasarch

(IMSET) - 19867 Project Costs by Component by Year8 Project Costu by Program by Year9 Project Costs by Type of Expenditure

Table Is Costs by YearTable 2: As percentage of Base Costs

10 Implementation Schedule Civil Works and Procurement11 Technical Assistance and Staff Projections

Table 1: Technical AssistanceTable 2: INERA Staff Projections- ResearchersTa6le 3: INERA Staff Projections- Research Field

AssistantsTable 4: Phasing of Incremental Local Higher Level

Staff12 Government Cash flow13 Disbursement Schedule14 Terms of Reference for Key Technical Assistance Staff

IBID 20120 Burkina Faso. National Agricultura. Research ProjectResearch Station Network.

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DOCUMEMNS CONTAINED IN THE PROJECT FILE

A. 3ack_round and Pregaration Documents1. Banque Mondiale/FAO/ISNAR (1983) - La Recherche

Agronomique et Zootechnique Haute Volta.Raport do la mission. Mars 1983. D01285

2. Donkoungou. Edouard G. (1984) - Assessment ofAgricultural Research Resources in the Sahel.Volume II2t National Report: Upper Volta.CILSS|INSAH - Devres, Inc. August 1984. D01286

3. CILSSIINSAH - CDA/Devrea (1985) - Bilan desRessources de la Recherche Agricole dans lesPays du Sahel. Compte-rendu de la reunion tenuea Ouagadougou du 1 au 4 Octobre 1984. Mal 1985. D01287

4. MBA, MESRS and UNDP/FAO (1985). Rapport du 8;mInaireNational sur la Liaison Recherche-Vulgarisation.Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 21-31 Janvier 1985. D01288

5. CNRSTIINERA (no date), Lignes Directricesd'Organisation et d'Administration des RecherchesAgricoles. (approximate date: April 1986). D01289

6. CNRSTIINERA (1986). Le Projet Recherches Agricoles(Rapport Prelimnaire; Annexe A: Details des Coatsfinanciers du Projet; Annex. Bs Collection deDonnees d base). Aoat 1986. D01290

B. Working Papers (prepared by December 1986joint Appraisal Mission)

B.1 Organisational Structure of INERA, by H. van Keulen(Dutch Development Cooperation) D02679

3.2 Staff Training Requirements, by H. van Keulen(Dutch Development Cooperation) D02680

B.3 Programmes de Recherche, byJ. M. Dunmas (French Development Cooperation) D02681

B.4 Liaison Recherche-Vulgarisation, byB. Esteulle (IBRD/IDA, Ouagadougou Office) D02682

B.5 Description des Travaux de Genie Civil etIndications a l'Intention de l'Architecte, byJ. Burfield (Consultant) D02683

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CodeC. Miseellaneous

C.1 Compte Rendu de l'Atelier sur uLes Politiqueset StratSgies do Renforcement de la RechercheAgronomique et Zootechnique en Haute Volta'.Ouagadougou 3 au 7 AvrLl, 1984. D01291

C.2 Compto Rendu du S6mdnaire National sur'La Recherche Agronomique aU Service desAgriculteurs". Ouagadougou, 11-15 Fevrier 1985. D01292

C.3 Recherches Forestiares. Rapport Annueld'activitia 1985. IRBET/CTFT. October 1986. D01293

C.4 Annual Report 1984-85 of SAFGRAD, JP 31.Research and Development into Food Grains forSemi-Arid Regions of Agrica. OAU/STRC. D01294

C.5 Annual Report 1984. Joint Project 31 SAFGRAD/IITA. D01295

C.6 Final Report, Phase I. Joint Prjo.ct 31 SUPYGRADIIITA. May 31, 1986. D01296

C.7 Assistance au Centre d'ExpfrImPtation du Ria et.des Cultures Irriguies (CERCI) Mission Tripartited'Evaluation. Ouagadougou, December 1985. D01297

C.8 Recuell do Fiches Techniques des CulturesMara-ch;res en Zone Soudano-Sahilienne. INERA.Juin 1986. D01298

C.9 Universite de Ouagadougou. Institut duDeveloppement Rural (euISP) Annie Universitaire1985-1986. D01299

C.10 R"gl.mentation dos Marches Administratifa.Ninist;re des Finances. Decret No. 70-202PRES/MFC. D01300

D. Cost Tables (July 1987) D01307D.1 Detailed Cost Tables:

Table 101 - INERA SiageTable 102 - Farako-BaTable 103 - SariaTable 104 - X.mboinsTable 105 - DiTable 106 - RouuarTable 107 - KatchariTable 108 - IRBT

D.2 Br.akdowF of Sumnary Accowits (US$103)D.3 Sumary Accounts by YearD.4 Breakdown of Suimmary Accounts (ClAP 103)D.5 Project Components by Year

(Totals, including Contingencles)0.6 Sumuary Account by Project Component

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BURKINA PASO9GRICULTURAL RESEARC PROJECT

CREDIT AND PROJECT SMUHARY

Borrowters urkina Paso

BeneficiaryS Minlst;re de lEnseignemont Sup$rieur et de la RechercheScientifique (M8RSS)

kmmont: SDR 14.1 mlllion (US$17.9 million equivalent)

Tenmst Standard IDA terms, with 40 years maturity

On-lendin Proceeds of the Credit would be passed oa by Governmont inT r9t grant form to INERA.

Prolect The project represents a first five-year tranche of aDescrIutionh long-term national program. The main objectives of the

project would be to strengthen national agriculturalresearch planning and £mplementation capacity while onsuringthat research is responsive to farmers' needs and takes intoaccount research conducted elsewhere. Linkages betweenresearch and extonsion would also be strengthened. Theproject would seek to achieve those objectives by fundingUVrovements in research facilLties at INERA and IRUTheadquarters and In the field; technlcal assistance andtraining; equlpment, vehicles and operating costs assoclatedwith the Implementation of agreed priorLty research programsas well as such costs incurred by research personnel in theperiodic training of extension subject matter specialists.

Pro ect The project would contribute to the development of INERA andBonefits: IRUT's research management capacity. Joint planning and

coordination of the national research programs with those ofinternational research institutions, and Improved linkagesbetween research and extension are expected to lead to moreefficient use of scarce human and financial resources andthereby increase the Impact of other investments in theagriculture and rural sectors. The project is also designedto address the increasingly serious problems ofenvironmental degradation and decreasing productivity.

Proloct RLiks: A potential risk would reside in the adequacy of tholinkages between research and extension and the farmers.However, good working relationships already exibt betweenthe two branches of Government. The participatLon of

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researchers In the training of extension staff, andparticipation of the latter In research planning, asforeseen under the project, would further miniaise the risk.

The Agricultural Support Services (Extension) Project nowunder preparation, In the footsteps of a Pilot Extensionoperation over the past two years, will further Improve thelinkages with the farmers, as will the greater emphasis onapplied, farming systems resear¢h under the present project.Other risks related to obtilning adequate staff and fundsare considered relatively small where the Government Inrecent years has shown strong comuitment to agriculturalresearch. Also, the project's technical assistance andtraining components would help minimise those risks, andproject design has aimed at minimizing the incrementalrecurrent cost Implications for the Government.

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Estimatgd Costs

E8TrMATED PROJECT COSTS

Local Foreign TotalINERA ~_ - US$ million "Iftme- .

INERA Badquarters 1.9 4.8 6.7Farako-Ba 1.3 0.8 2.1SariU 0.9 0.4 1.3KAmboinso 0.6 0.4 1.0Di 1.1 0.6 1.7Kouaro 0.8 0.4 1.2Katcharl 0.6 0.4 1.0

Subtotal INERA 7.2 7.8 15.0II-ST 0.5 0.7 1.2

Total Base Cost 7.7 8.5 16.2of which:

Civil Works 2.2 0.8 3.0Vehicles 0.2 1.2 1.4Equipment 0.2 0.8 1.0Furniture 0.06 0.08 0.1Technical Assistance 0.7 2.3 3.0Training 0.01 1.1 1.1PpI 0.3 1.2 1.5Local Salaries/Operating Costs 4.0 1.2 5.2

Physical Contingencies 0.2 0.2 0.4Price Contingencies 1.9 0.3 2.2

Total Project Costs 9.8 9.0 18.8

Fin"acing Plan Local Foreism Total

Governmont 0.9 0.9IDA 8.9 9.0 17.9

9- 9.0

Estimated Disbursements (US$million)

PYN P. fi Efl PY "W FY FY Y6 FYo7Annual 0 4.5 2.9 2.6 S.0 2.2 1.4 9.7 0.4 0.2CumulatIve 9 4.5 7.4 10.0 18.0 15.2 16.6 17.8 17.7 17.9

Economic Rate of Returt n.a.

Maos IBRD 20120

EURKIA PASO

AGRICMTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

STAF APPRAISAL REPORT

I. BRCKGOROUND

A. Introduction

1.1 With a per capita GNP of $140 in 1985 and a 1985 population of7.9 million, Burkina Faso is one of the poorest countries In the world andone of the most densely populated "in Africa": According to the latestavailable census data (December 1985), the population growth rate is 2.6Xper annum. The country's soils are generally poor and rainfall is scarceand highly variable, among regions as well as from one year to the next.The lack of a permanent water flow in the country's river system severelylimits the potential for irrigation and hydroelectric power. Thelandlocked position and poor road network further constrain developmentpotential in all sectors. Of the approximately 60 ethnic groups, thesedentary Mossi make up 50X; the pastoral and nomadic Peuhl, the secondlargest group, account for 10X.

1.2 Improved performance in the agricultural sector will be crucialfor future growth, since an estimated 80-902 of the population depends forits livelihood on this sector. The concentration of over half of thepopulation on the central plateau has resulted in the almost totaldisappearance of woodlands to meet fuelrood demands, excessive shorteningof fallow periods, uncontrolled grazing and the abandonment of traditionalshifting cultivation. These factors have combined to do nearlyirreversible damage to the carrying capacity of parts of the centralplateau. This impoverishment has provoked spontaneous migration Intosouthern and western areas recently freed of onchocerciasis(riverbliadness). The newly settled areas are in turn also being degradedby improper cropping practices. To be able to arrest this enviroanmtaldegradation and eventually boost productivity, more and better-focussedresearch is needed on the technical and economic constraints to theintensification and integration of crop/forest/llvestock productionsystems.

1.3 To make agricultural and livestock research more responsive tofarmers' needs the Government of Burkina by decree of March 16, 1981created a national research institution called IVRA (TInstitut Voltalque deRecherche Agronomique et Zootechnique). In 1983, this entity was renamedIBRAZ (Institut BurkinabO de Recherche Agronomique et Zootechnique), andsince 1985 it has been called INERA (Institut d'Etudes et de RecherchesAgricoles). INERA is one of the specialized inastitutes of the CentreNational de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) which is an'Ztablissement public de l'Etat & caractere administratif (EPA) under thesupervision or 'tutelle' of the Ministry of Higher Education and ScientificResearch (Minist&re de l'Education Sup6rieure et de la lechercheScientifique (MSSRs)) (para. 1.17). IERA's responsibilities Include the

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planning, Implementation and coordination of ongoing national agriculturalresearch programs and activities (including livestock), and thecoordination of research programs undertaken or funded by internationalinstitutions and donors. Forestry and environmental research are theresponsibility of IRBET (Institut de Recherche en Biologie et EcologieTropicale), which was created in 1985.

1.4 In July 1982, the Burkinabe Government Invited FA0, the WorldBank, and the International Service for National Agricultural Research(ISNAR) to help formulate a long term agricultural research program. Afterseparate exploratory missions (mid-1981 by FAO0 January 1982 by ISNAR andthe Bank), a joint FAO/ISNAR/Bank mission drew up an Inventory of ongoingresearch programs, and presented its recomendations to Government in March1983. The report, titled "Agriculture and Livestock Research", detailedappropriate institutional infrastructures and outlined a plan for alongterm research program, taking into consideration the country's needsand resources, and provided a general framework for external technical andfinancial assistance.

1.5 The report concluded that In the short and medium term, researchand development activities should be aimed at eliminating constraints nowhampering agricultural productivity, economic development and existingproduction systems. In addition to these short-term objectives ofincreasing production of food and export crops, the long torm plan for theagricultural sector called for the stabilization of farming systems and theprotection of the environment, including soil, water, forestry, and grasingresources. The report recomtended that IBRAZ establish a programming andcoordination unit responsible for formulating a national research programin support of Government's agricultural policy. To help the country actupon these recommendations, IDA In May 1982 provided a first tranche(US$275,000) of a US$0.5 million Project Preparation Facility (PPF). Thisfinanced a research adviser and seminars to elaborate and discuss alongterm research program. During a February 1985 seminar at Ouagadougouattended by national and international research staff and donorsrepresentatives, research priorities and ways to strengthen the nationalresearch capacity were agreed upon in principle. A second PPF tranche ofUS$225,000 was provided in 1985 to prepare a national agricultural researchproject for external funding, to start training a nucleus staff, and toinitiate new priority research activities. During the final stage ofproject preparation in mid-1986, it was decided that because of theimportance of trees in the rural economy, a forestry research componentshould also be included in the proposed project.

B. The Agricultural Sector

1.6 Agriculture employs 80-90 2 of the population, and accounts forabout 402 of GDP and alaost all exports. Of the country's total geographicarea of 27.4 million ha, agricultural land (including forest and grazinglands) covers about 24 million ha, or nearly 901. Arable land is estimatedat about 9 million ha, of which about 3 million ha is cropped each year;this translates into about 2 3 inhabitants per cropped hectare. Population

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densities are much higher in the Mossi plateau, however, where half of thecountry's population lives.

1.7 Based on climate, soils and socio-economic factors, the countrycan be divided into five agro-ecological zones (Map No.20120)s the Sahel,the Central Plcteau, the West, the Southwest and the East. The Sahel, inthe north, is the driest region. It ha. a three-month rainy season(June-September) and receives less than 600 mm of erratic rainfall perannum. Evapotranspiration is high and differences between day and nighttemperaturas are large. Livestock is the main economic activity. Thepopulous Central Plateau, with rainfall ranging from less than 600 mm inthe north to 900 mm in the south (received during a span of less than 6months) is mainly devoted to cropping. It falls within the Sudano-Sabolianclimatic zone. Due to population pressure and the gradual breakdown of thetraditional system of shifting cultivation, the area is suffering fromsevere environmental degradation. The West receives from 600 mm in thenorth to over 800 mm in the south and its main economic activity is alsolivestock. With stocking rates below those in the Sahel .md Central zones,the degree of environmental degradation ranges from motirate to severe.The Southwest, which falls within the Sudano-Guinean clime ic zone, has thebest productive potential of the five regions and, follow ng a successfulcamaign to eradicate riverblindness, has become the major receiving areafor immigrants from the Central and Sahel regions. It is the only regionin the country with permanent water courses. Rainfall, distributed overabout 6 months, ranges from 900 to 1200 mm and environmental degradation isstill limited. The East is the least developed, least populous and alsothe least degraded part of the country. Rainfall thero ranges from 600 to900 mm per annum.

1.8 Overall, the contribution of the agricultural sector to theeconomy has decreased progressively, from 53Z of CDP in 1965 to 45 in1985. Although nearly 90S of the country's cultivated land is planted to.sorghum and millet in association with root crops and grain legumes, cerealproduction has barely kept pace with population growth. Overall increasesin production have largely been obtained through expansion of surface area.Maize and rice cultivation are llmLted by the low rainfall and lack ofirrigation potential. Although cotton, grown mostly in the Southwest, isthe major export crop, its aggregate cash value to farmers, except in thatregion, is still less than that earned from the marketed share of cereals.Cereals, therefore, while most important as subsistence food crop, are alsoimportant as cash crop.

1.9 While cotton acreage has continued to expand in the Southwest, ithas regressed elsewhere, to be replaced by cereals. Cotton yields haverisen markedly since 1968 due to the shift to more fertile areas, theincreased use of fertilizers and insecticides, and improved extension.Cotton's share in total exports increased from 22 in 1960 to 33S in 1978and 542 in 1985. During recent years, the industry has been in crisis,with total output steadily increasing to an estimated 170,000 T of seedcotton for the 1986187 crop season, a total ginning capacity of only about115,000 T, and large producer price subsidies paid to shield smallholders

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from the low world market prices of the past few years. Recentimprovements in world market prices have brought only partial relief.

1.10 Oil seed crops include groundnuts, karite (Butyrospermum), andsesame. Groundnuts, the most important of these, are raised throughout thecountry and occupy about 140,000 ha, with great annual variations. Despitethe potential for increased production, groundnuts do not benefit to anysignificant extent from production or marketing support policies. Karito,the second most important agricultural export commodity (about 13X ofagricultural exports by value in 1984) is harvested by hand mostly in theSudano-Guinean area. Sesame is a traditional oil seed crop of minorimportance.

1.11 Fruits and vegetables have some potential, as evidenced by thecreation in 1968 of the Union Burkinabe des Cooporatives Maraichires(UBOCAM). These crops are traditionally grown during the dry season inkitchen gardens and on valley bottom lands. Green beans (haricots verts)are exported at a rate of about 2,000 - 2,500 T per annum, much of it toFrance.

1.12 Livestock production is one of the single most importantactivities in the economy, and crop and livestock production are greatlydependent on one another. The livestock subsector is estimated tocontribute about 25S OG the agricultural GDP and nearly 211 of all exportsin 1984. In 1982 the national herd was estimated at 2.8 million head ofcattle, nearly 2 million sheep and 2.5 million goats. In addition, therewere some 200,000 pigs and about 20 million head of poultry. Fifty percentof all cattle (and 482 of all sheep and goats) are in the central(Sudano-Sahelian) zone, with the remainder divided equally between theSahelian and Sudano-Guinean zones. Production systems are extensiveagro-pastoral and nomadic, and are characterized by poor husbandrypractices, year-round low nutritional levels, and deteriorating grazingresources.

1.13 Supply of and demand for wood products have been the object ofintensive study by Government. It is estimated that 56% of the country'stotal surface is covered by woody vegetation (155,000 km2 out of 274,000km2), of which 462 consist of bush fallow and open forest park. The dailyfuelwood consumption rate of 1.65 kg per person represents 95% of the totaldemand for this woody vegetation, and already exceeds natural rates ofregrowth. The remaining 51 is used for the production of building polesand in various handicrafts. The national forestry strategy, designed bythe Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET), is geared mainly toincreased wood production, particularly through the promotion of village orfamily woodlots, and to the rational management and development of naturalstands. It also aims at reducing wood consumption by distributing improvedstoves and by supporting research on alternative renewable fuels.

C. Airicultural Institutions and Services

1. Ministry of Atriculture and Livestock (MAE)

1.14 Until 1985, the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAE) wasresponsible for the formulation of sectoral policy and for the overalldevelopment of the agricultural and rural sector. During the second halfof 1986, two new ministries were created to deal with rural issuess aMinistry of Water (Ministere de l'au), responsible for the development ofhydraulic resources and infrastructures, and a Ministry of Farmers' Affairs(Ninlst&re de la Question Paysanne); the latter deals with ruralinstitutions, such as village groups and cooperatives, as well as withfunctional literacy programs.

1.15 MAE continues to be responsible for crop and livestockproduction, rural credit, marketing of agricultural products, seedproduction, and the training of agricultural and veterinary technicians.It has three national Directorates and 11 regional branches (Organismesk&gionaux de Developpement, ORD). Its three directorates are:

- the Directorate of Agricultural Services (Direction des ServicesAgricoles (DSA)), which includes the National Soil SurveyInstitute (BUNASOL), the National Seed Service (Service Nationalde Semences) and the Plant Protection Service. It alsoadministers the fruit tree nurseries at Basenga and Banfora, andsupervises the pre-extension experimentation program 'Pointsd'Appui de Prevulgarisation et d'Expirimentation" (PAPEH) and anumber of other national programs, e.g., the FAO FertilizerProject;

- the Directorate of Livestock Services and Animal Industry(Direction des Services de l'Elevage et des Industries Anfmales(DSEIA)), which includes the Animal Production Service and theVeterinary Laboratory. This directorate also operates thelivestock stations at Samandeni and Banankeledaga, and theMarkoye ranch, all in the north of the country. In coilaborationwith MESRS, MAE also supervises the Research Center for AnimalTrypanosomes (CRTA) at Bobo-Dioulasso 1/ ; and

- the Directorate of Agricultural Extension (Direction de laVulgarisation Agricole).

1.16 The 11 ORDs correspond to administrative departments, each with agreat deal of auitonomy. Under this decentralized form of administration,

1/ CRTA, financed exclusively by West Germany and France, has actuallybeen an enclaved high technology research center, and is likely tobecome a regional center for West Africa.

the ORD Directors receive their authority from the Minister of MAE. ORDshandle activities directly linked to the promotion of agriculturaldevelopment, including applied research in the PAPEM (Points dAppui dePrevulgarisation et d'Exp'erimentation Multi-Locale) planned by andImplemented in collaboration with INERA; agricultural extension; inputsupply; credit; and marketing. Although the qualifications of thedirectors and senior staff of the ORDs are usually good, those of the fieldstaff, who are in direct contact with farmers, are generally Insufficient.

2. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (NESRS)

1.17 The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MISRS)is the ministry 'de tutelle" for CNlEST, which is an EPA (EtablissementDublic de l'Etat a caractere administratif) endowed with legal personality,assets, means of administration and financial autonomy. MESRS gives CNRSTpolicy orientation, controls its operations and functioning. It alsoensures that the objectives of CNRST are complied with in line with thenational policy framework. CNRST's day-to-day management Is an exclusivetask of CNRST itself. INERA and IRBET (Annex 1-1) are specializedInstitutes of CNRST. Along with the Institut de Recherche en SciencesSociales Humaines (IRSSH), the Institut Burkinabe de l'Energie (IBE), andthe Institut de Recherche sur les Substances Naturelles (IRSN), they comedirectly under the authority of the Director General of CNRST who controlsthe operations and personnel management of all its specialized institutes.CNRST also supervises the agricultural education institutions and thetraining of teaching staff of the University of Ouagadougou. To fosterhigher education in agriculture, the IDR (Institut du Developpement Rural)was created in 1973 at the University of Ouagadougou, under the auspices ofMESRS. The IDR offers two types of programs: a five-year 'long' cycle, ofwhich the last year is devoted to field work in Burkina and to thepreparation of a final dissertation, and a three-year 'short' cycle, withsix weeks of field work during the second and third years. The long cycleleads to the diploma of Ingenieur du Developpement Rural (IDR) and theshort cycle to the diploma of Ingenieur de Technique du Developpement Rural(ITDR). Each cycle has options for agronomy, animal husbandry andstockwater development, and forestry.

3. Other Agencies

1.18 Other important agencies and institutions involved in marketingagricultural products and in supplying credit include: the National GrainAuthority (Office National des Ceriales (OFNACER)) for cereal marketing;the Fibers and Textiles Company (Sociate des Fibres et des Textiles(SOFITEX)) for cotton inputs, marketing and short-ternm credit; theBurkinabe Market Gardening Cooperative Union (Union Burkinabe desCooperatives Maraicheres (UBOCAM)) for marketing of vegetables and fruits;the Caisse Nationale de Credit Agricole (CNCA) for medium-term credit;National Price Stabilization Fund for Agricultural Products (Caisse deStabilisation des Prix des Produits Agricoles (CSPPA)) for export cropsother than cotton; National Agency for the Exploitation of AnimalResources (Office National de l'Exploitation des Ressources Animales

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(ONERAD) for meet and dairy products; and the Society for GroundnutFinancing and Extension (Societe de Financement et do Vulgarisation del'Arachide (SOFVA)).

D. Soctor Issues and Bank Strategy

1.19 Agriculture, since it is the predominant sector of Burkina'seconomy, has received considerable Bank support. As of June 30, 1986,agriculture (including the forestry and livestock subsectors) had received15 IDA credits totalling US$123 million, or 40S of Bank's total lending toBurkina. The earlier projects were designed primarily to generateshort-term foreign exchange, rather than to help solve long-term sectoralproblems. This is one reason for the concentration of Bank lending in theSouthwest and for the rapid expansion of cotton production, which hasreplaced livestock as the country's leading export commodity. With theexperience gained under these earlier projects and the completion of anumber of sector studies, the Bank's knowledge of the sector has muchimproved. This has resulted in the formulation, in collaboration with theGovernment, of a more coherent and forward-looking strategy aimed atremoving basic constraints while laying the groundwork for sustaineddevelopment.

1.20 Of the 15 agricultural projects financed by the Bank, nine havealready been successfully completed. The projects still under executionare of two types:

(i) area-based irojects in the Southwest, namely the SecondBougouriba Agricultural Development Project (Cr. 1097-BUR);the Volta Noire Agricultural Development Project (Cr.1284-BUR); and the Hauts-Bassins Agricultural DevelopmentProject (Cr. 1285-BUR); and

(iI) sectoral projects, namely the Third Rural Development FundProject (Cr. 1218-BUR); the Koudougou Agriculture PilotDevelopment Project (Cr. 1293-BUR), both of whichconcentrate their activities in the Central Plateau; and theFertilizer Project (Cr. 1550-BUR), which seeks to promotefertilizer use by Improving policies and removing pricedistortions.

Of these six projects, all but one (the Third RDF Project) include appliedresearch components.

1.21 The Government is taking a number of steps to help villagersmanage and use their land and water resources on a sustained basis. Therecent agrarian reform legislation and Government's stated policy ofencouraging local participation in decision-making through village groupshave provided the basis for the new sectoral strategy formulated by theBank and Government. Follow-up phases to the Bougouriba and Niena-Dionkeleprojects are expected to constitute pilot operations for a nationwideVillage Resource Management Project now under preparation. Since November

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1985, the Bank has also been involved In a pilot operation (Operation Testde Renforcement de la Vulgarisation Agricole; OTRVA) aimed at strengtheningthe country's extension services through the introduction of the T&Vsystem. OTRVA's current results are promising in terms of better workorganization, better training of field staff and improved linkages withresearch. The lessons of that operation will be used in the formulation ofa National Agricultural Support Services (Extension) Project, also underpreparation. This project would seek to Improve the institutional frameworkand quality of basic support services, beginning with agriculturalextension and livestock services, and a functional literacy program.

1.22 If such efforts to decentralize Government services and toimprove husbandry practices at the farm level are to succeed, however,rural communities must be provided with technically sound guidelines onsoil conservation, water harvesting, integration of livestock and treesInto farming systems, the use of organic and/or mineral fertilizer and themanagement of forests, pastures and fallow lands. This means that thenational agricultural research system must Improve its capacity to providetechnical solutions to the immediate problems faced by farmers and to thelong-term problems of resource degradation caused by increasing demographicpressures. Strong functional links must also be established betweenresearch and extension, as already initiated through OTRVA.

II. AGRICULTURAL, 'STOCK AND FORESTRY RESEARCH

A. BackAround

2.1 Prior to independence in 1960, the planning and administration ofagricultural research were performed by French researchers and researchadministrators, and results were analyzed and maintained in France.Research programs tended to be commodity-oriented, dealing largely with thegenetic Improvement of export crops. Four of the stations belonging to theformer regional research network were established in what Is now BurkinasFarako-Ba, formerly a substation of Bambey, (Senegal); Niangoloko, estab-lished in 1949 as a center for research on karite (Butyrospermum paradoxum)and subsequently turned into a substation for groundnut research in theSouthwest; Saris, a former cotton farm which in 1961 became a substation ofIRAT (Institut de Recherches Agronomiques Tropicales et des CulturesVivrieres) with headquarters at Bambey; and Kamboinse, a main station inthe Central Plateau.

2.2 After a long period of little change in research planning andorganization, Independence signified the beginning of an era of involvementwith several bilateral and multilateral donors interested in helping thecountry to solve the most immediate and pressing problems in itsagricultural sector. Relatively little attention was paid, however, todeveloping a national agricultural research capacity. The 1982 jointFAO/ISNAR/World Bank mission to Burkina (para. 1.4) reported that more thana dozen institutions and donor-funded projects were involved inagricultural research, each planning its programs in relative Isolation,

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and often on a regional, rather than national, basis. National andinternational programs overlapped, leading to duplication of effort,geographic imbalance in research programs, and neglect of the essentiallinks between research and extension. Moreover, research had thus farfailed to deal adequately with the constraints faced by most subs'stencefarmers and had largely ignored the fundamental issues of environmentaldegradation, the need to redesign farming systems, and to integrate crops,livestock and trees.

B. The Ortanization of Airicultural Research

2.3 In February 1978, a conference organized by the Gover=nent andsponsored by UNESCO recommended the creation of a national institutionresponsible for all scientific research in Burkina. This recommendationresulted in the establishment in 1979 of the Ministry for Higher Educationand Scientific Research (MESRS), which is responsible for formulatingoverall agricultural research policy and objectives (para. 1.17). The 1978conference also drew up a statute for research workers which was formallyadopted by decree of June 24, 1982. Among other things, the statuteoffered researchers a guaranteed salary and possibilities for careerdevelopment.

2.4 Since January 1985, INERA's management and organization haveundergone significant changes involving the transfer of responsibility forresearch planning and nanagement to Burkinabe nationals. At present thereare three research stations, and long-term plans call for the developmentof three more, so that each major agro-ecological zone can be served by aregional research station (Centre Regional de Recherches Agricoles (CRRA)).The eventual expansion of the research station network, and the ultimatedistribution of the eight national programs proposed by INERA, would be asfollows (Map 20120)t

Existing Stations Research Protram Agro-ecolozicalRetion (para. 1.7)

Kamboinse - Farming Systems Research (RSP) Central Plateau- Soil-Water-Plant Inter-

relationships(ESFIMA)Saria - Cereals (SOMIMA) Central PlateauFarako-Ba - Cotton

- Rice Southwest

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Planned New Stations

Di - Vegetable and Fruit Crops WestXouars - Oilseed crops EastKatcharl - Livestock Production Program North

2.5 Thus fart Burkinabe nationals have been appointed for allexisting and future stations, but those staff who are eventually to be incharge of Saria, Kouare and Katchari are presently stationed at Kamboinse(and reside in Ouagadougou). As of January 1986, all eight nationalprograms also have Burkinab; Program Coordinators. Station Managers andProgram Coordinators presently all report directly to the Director ofINERA.

2.6 Forestry research, which is still relatively unstructured, is theresponsibility of IRBET. Its research activities deal with ecosystems andforestry. The latter component Is contracted out to the Centre TechniqueForestier Tropical (CTFT), the Forestry Institute of CIRAD. IRBET is alsoresponsible for providing training support to research staff. In addition,forestry seed production and some applied research in the context ofprojects at village level are carried out by the Ministry of Environmentand Tourism (MET).

C. Research Priorities and Proxrams

2.7 Following two years of preparation and formulation of proposalsby IBRAZ for a long-term research program, and of deliberations amongInterested parties, a national seminar was hold in February 1985 atOuagadougou. The main results of this seminar were a consensus among the

0overnment, the donors and the International research listitutions on anational agricultural research strategy, and the adoption of the followingeight research programs, ranked In descending order of prioritys

- Farming systems (Recherche sur lea Systemes de Production; RSP);

- Soil/Water/Plant relationships (Recherche sur l'Eau, lea sols, lafertilisation, irrigation at machinisme agricole; ESFIMA);

- Livestock production (Productions animales);

- Sorghum, millet and maize (Sorgho, M_1, Mals; SOMIMA);

- Annual oil seeds and grain legumes (Oleagineux annuels etL;gumineuses a graines);

- Horticultural, root and fruit crops (Cultures marazch4res,Plantes fruiti;res et Plantes 8 tubercules);

- Rice (Rix et Risiculture); and

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- Cotton (Coton).

All the above programs, some more than others, are already under activeImplementation, with Burkinabe researchers in charge. The programs would befurther strengthened under the project. Their present status is brieflysumarised in the following paragraphs.

2.8 Farminft Systems Research (Annex 2, Table 1). In 1979, a FarmingSystems Unit (FSU) was established at Kamboinse under the nuspices of aSemi-Arid Good Grains Research SAWGRAD program largely funded by USAID.This regional program has carried out and published results of studies offarming systems, mainly deallng with food crop farmers of the CentralPlateau. The FSU program has since been incorporated in INERA's FarmingSystems Research (RSP) program, with funding also from IFAD. Another suchstudy is being conducted with CIRAD funding In the North (Yecenga). RSPstaff at Farako-Ba is involved with staff from the Cotton retearch team Inseveral studies of farming systems involving cotton as the major crop.Other studies, more agronomic in nature, deal with sedeAtarisation ofImmigrants from the Central Plateau. RSP staff are, moreover, involved inapplied research and demonstrations through the PAPEM program (para. 1.15).Finally, most are also Increasingly involved in periodic training ofextension staff. Major problems and shortcomings are: the relative lack ofexperienced staff; the need for a clearly defined work pro6ram; and theneed for a clearer definition of relationships with other researchprograms.

2.9 SoilWater/Plant Relationships (Annex 2, Table 2). This researchprogram aims at I) developing farming practices that make better use ofavailable soil moisture and rainfall, by taking into account the varioussoil characteristics and cropping systems, including those involving trees;ii) halting soil degradation; and iII) in collaboration with the RSPprogram, studying the factors leading to the breakdown of existing farmingsystems, and developing sustainable alternative cultivation and pastoralsystems. Presently, much of the program concerns itself with fertilizerstudies (use of natural phosphate; use and role of organic matter; soilacidity problams) in the Centre (Saria), South-West (Farako-B;) and West(Di). At Di, irrigated crop research has been underway with technicalassistance from PAO. Applied research on soil and water conservation isconducted at about 10 locations on farmers' fields. And, although it ismeant to be part of the overall program, research on tillage andagricultural mechanization (i.e. use of draught power) has not yet beeninitiated and specialist staff will be needed. There is a lack of balanceamong sub-programs, and hence, a need for clearer definition of the overallprogram and priorities among sub-programs.

2.10 L~ sestock Production (Annex 2, Table 3). Whereas cattle andsmall livestock play a vital role in the rural and national economy,livestock research in Burkina has yet to begin. Present staff consists of5 researchers with relatively limited experience, and the acting ProgramCoordinator, an Agricultural Economist, can spend only about 251 of his

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time on the program tue to many other management responsibilities. Theprogram a8 yet lacks clear objectives and direction.

2.11 Cereals (Annex 2, Table 4). The program has two Burkinab; maizeand millet breeders and a number of part-time and full-timeplant-protection specialists. A third maize breeder (Farako-Ba) and onesorghum breeder (Saria) are provided by a bilateral donor (France). Inaddition, the international institutions (ICRISAT, CIMMYT/IITA) have activesorghum and maize research programs In Burkina. The program is relativelywell-staffed. There Is a need, however, for establishing priorities amongthe many different activities in which the team is involved -- some ofwhich would fit better into the RSP or ESFIMA programs -- and therebymaking the most of regional and international research networks andprograms.

2.12 Oilseeds (Annex 2, Table 5). This program, which also concernsitself with grain legumes, is among the oldest research programs,especially with regard to groundnut and Karite (Butyrosiermum, also knowna sheabutter). Cowpea, soybean and sesame research programs are of morere4ent date. The program has 3 Burkinabe researchers working full time:the Program Coordinator (groundnut and sesame breeder) and an entomologist,both stationed at Kamboins;, and a recently recruited groundnut breeder (atFarako-Ba). In addition, two expatriate researchers (full-time) and 6 moreBurkinabe (part-time) support the program. The main concern of the program-- which also is staffed by more experienced researchers -- should be tomore narrowly define its research priorities and programs, focusing onplant selection and protection, and harvest and post-harvest losses for thethree major crops (groundnuts, cowpea, sesame), leaving agro- andsocio-economic problems to the RSP and ESFINA programs.

2.13 Vsaetable and Fruit Crops (Annex 2, Table 6). More than 20 yearsof research have produced a considerable amount of agronomic information(including seed production of improved varieties) on tomato, onion andgreen bean production. Problems with these crops are more agro-economicand commercial than technical.

2.14 Rice (Annex 2, Table 7). National rice production has not beenable to keep pace with rising demand, which in Burkina has nearly doubledover 20 years. And although there are only slightly more than 3,000 ha ofirrigated rice in the country versus 38,000 ha of lowland rice (bas-fonds),rice research has since the early 19709 dealt mostly with irrigated riceproduction problems. The program has received technical assistance fromFAO since the mid 1970. through the Center for Experimentation on Rice andIrrigated Crops (CERCI). A total of 4 local staff participate in the Riceprograms A rice breeder, an entomologist (both full-tine), aphytopathologist (50Z), and a seed production agronomist. Post-harvestlosses and storage problems warrant special attention.

2.15 Cotto (Annex 2, Table 8). As the RSP and ESFIMA programs becomebetter defined and integrated with the commodity-oriented researchprograms, this program will be able to concentrate its resources and

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efforts more specifically on cotton breeding maintenance research (toensure availability to the farmers of high quality seed) and cottonagronomy (especially pest and disease control). Three full-time Burkinaberesearchers and one part-time researcher work together with one expatriatecotton breeder (full-time) and a part-time expatriate agronomist.

2.16 Forestry Research (Annex 2, Table 9). Given the crucialimportance of trees in the rural economy, forestry research needs to beoriented towards overall economic development objectives which ares (i) tolimit deforestation and satisfy the demand for wood fuels by intensifyingagricultural, agro-forestry and forestry production systems; and (ii) toprotect and manage non-cultivated rural spaces with a view to sustainedproduction of wood and fodder. Forestry research planning still needsimprovement. The Forestry Research Committee meets annually under theegis of IRBET, but it only plays a small role in research planning. Theresearch activities of IRBET include:

- terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems research, including somezoological research, and ethnobotanical studies and inventoriesof useful species;

- methodological research on ecosystem management: a projectcalled 'Etudes et Actions 4ntegrees de Reboisement dans laProvince de Bazegal (UNSOIPNUDIPNUE) is underway and involvesvillage tree planting through popular participation;

- forestry research: ecology and liprovement of major afforestationspecies (Eucalv"tus; Acacia) silvicultural practices applicableto plantations; water and soil conservation; silviculturalmnagement and yield control of naturally occurring forestformations; and wood technology;

- Education support activitiess teaching materials for scienceinstruction in the Burkinabe school system.

D. Research Facilities

2.17 INERA and IRBET both have their headquarters at Ouagadougou.IRBET's facilities, though cramped, are functional, whereas INERA'sfacilities are very inadequate. INERA's Director, a technical advisor, andthe accounting and support staff now work out of an old rented villa in thecity. INERA is in charge of four research stations: Kamboinse, Saria,Farako-Ba, and Niangoloko (Map No. 20120).

2.18 The Kamboinse research station covers about 150 ha some 12 kmwest of Ouagadougou. Due to the fact that it hosts several internationalinstitutions and programs (SAFGRAD, ICRISAT, IITA), it is the best equippedstation in Burkina. However, virtually all the land available for researchtrials, as well as the existing facilities, for the most part fundedthrough the SAFGRAD program, are occupied by those institutions. At the

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time of appraisal (December 1986), 5 of the 20 INERA researchers stationedthere were non-Burkinabe.

2.19 The Sarla research station covers some 400 ha. It is locatedabout 80 km Sothwest of Ouagadougou (and 123 km from Koudougou) within theCentral Plateau, as is Kamboinse. It lacks water and electricity and thishas further constrained development of research programs at the station.There are 7 researchers, including 2 from CIRAD. The station has 13 staffhouses (8 for researchers and 5 for technicians).

2.20 Farako-Ba covers 475 ha at about 10 km from Bobo-Dioulasso in theSouthwest. It is now a food crop research station with a total of 30researchers, 10 of whom are expatriates. The station has stable space forabout 30 cowS, there is water and eleetricity, and the station is easilyaccessible by road from Bobo-Dioulasso. The proximity to the city makesthat there is wio need for on-station housing for research staff.

2.21 Nianaoloko, managed as a sub-station of Farako-Ba, is situated130 km south of Bobo-Dioulasso in the far southwest of the country, wherethe average rainfall is about 1200 mm. The station covers less than 40 ha,but land is said to be available for further expansion. The farmbuildings, offices, housing, stores and equipment are in very poorcondition. Staff consists of 2 expatriate scientists plus 2 techniciansand a limited support staff.

2.22 IRBET has three research bases with permanent staff. They arelocated in three different and representative ecological aones. The mainone is in the Forest reserve of Gonse near Ouagadougou, (Central Plateau);the second one near Dinderosso (Southwest); and a third one a small "pointd'appui" at Djibo in the Sahelian zone.

S. Staffint and Technical Assistance

2.23 In December 1986, INERA's Burkinabe staff numbered approximately100. Of those national staff, 50 were researchers and 32 were technicians;the remainder were support staff. Annex 2 (Tables 1-8) shows the presentdistribution of INERA's professional staff by specialization and byresearch program. Among the professional Burkinabe staff, 5 heldDoctorates; 11 had an MSc or equivalent degree; and one held a B.Sc; 19had a Diploma of "Ingenieur du Developpement Rural' and 4 a Diploma of"Ingenieur de Technique du Developpement Rural" from the Institut duDeveloppement Rural (IDR) of the University of Ouagadougou. Only about 30Sof the professional staff had more than 6 years of experience. IRBETprofessional staff comprised 3 holders of doctorates; 2 DEA; 1 Ingenieur deDRIE; 1 Ing6nieur de Travaux; and 2 staff with incomplete degrees (Annex3).

2.24 In accordance with the criteria set forth in the statute forresearch workers (Statuts particuliers des personnels chercheurs; para.2.3), criteria which are based on the qualifications and experience of theresearchers concerned, professional staff are classified by the National

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Scientific Conuittee (Comite Scientifique National - COSCINA) aslchercheurs confirm6s" and IgeneralUstes'. As of December 1986, withinINERA the first category comprised 12 'Chargis de recherche and one'Maitre de recherche"; the second category comprised the more than 35"Attach;s de recherche". Research staff of the latter category need to beconfirmed in their position by COSCINA and by the "Comite ConsultatifInter-Africain de la Recherche Scientifique" (CCIARS) which review andevaluate the individual performances of the junior researchers. Startingfrom the date of their first appointment with INERA or IRBET, the latterhave 6 years to produce and publish at least one research paper ofacceptable scientific quality in order to be promoted to the status offull-flodged "Charga de recherche". The above statistics illustrate the'young" nature of INERA as a research organization.

2.25 As of December 1986, INERA staff included 16 expatriates (11 fromCIRAD, 4 from the SAFORAD program and 1 from FAO) distributed as shown InAnnex 2, Table 9. Eight of these staff are stationed at Farako-Bi and 8 atKamboinso/Saria. Technical assistance to IRBET is provided by CIRAD (CTFT)through the funding of 2 forestry specialists, and by FAC through thefunding of one ecologist.

2.26 Burkina benefits from and participates in a number of regionaland International research programs. One of the aims of the proposedproject is to foster the strongest possible linkages between the nationalresearch institutions (INERAIIRBET) and these international and regionalprograms. Several of those programs are implemented under the aegis ofSAFGRAD. The coordinating office of this OAUISTRC-sponsored project ishosted by the Government of Burkina Paso since its inception in 1977.SAFGRAD membership involves 26 OAU countries. One of its major objectivesis to coordinate regional research networks. In addition, it seeks topromote the exchange of improved plant genetic material and to promote thediffusion and transfer of improved on-farm technology. Major collaboratingdonors and agencies ares CILLS, CI4MYT, FAC, ICRISAT, IFAD, IITA, INSAH,IRDC (Canada), Purdue University, and USAID. The following are among themore relevant programs for Burkinas

(iii) SAFGRAD's maize/cowpea improvement program, which has beenunder implementation since 1979, in collaboration withCIMMYT and IITA;

(iv) Farming systems research (FSR) activities within SAFGRAD,which began in 1978 with the formation of the PurdueUniversity supported Farming Systems Unit (FSU);

(v) SAPGRAD/ICRISAT's sorghum and millet improvement network,which became operational in 1982.

2.27 A tripartite agreement between the Government of Burkina Paso andUNDPIFAO covers a research program for rice and other irrigated crops. Atthe time of appraisal, negotiations were underway between the Governmentand UNDP about a further extension of the program which has been under

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implementation since June 1973. Any such extension would seek to achievefull integration of the UNDP-funded activities into the national researchand extension systems. Similarly, a protocol of agreement exists betweenOAU/STRC and the Government of Burkina of 3-years' duration until September1987, under which IFAD-funding provides support to INERA's farming systemsresearch program (RSP). Continued funding for a follow-up phase until 1991is likely. At the time of appraisal the extension of the general agreementbetween ICRISAT and the Government was expected to be ratified shortly. Adecision on the future of ICRISAT's program and on ICRISAT's physicalpresence in Burkina (at Kamboinse) will be made once construction ofICRISAT's new regional headquarters at Niamey (Niger) nears completion.

F. Research-Extension Linkases

2.28 One of Government's major objectives for the agricultural sectoris to increase agricultural output and its share in GDP by providingimproved and better coordinated production - supporting services to as manycrop farmers and pastoralists as possible. As far as researchi isconcerned, available technical messages often prove to be applicable onlyon a limited scale as they have not been geared to farmers' needs,constraints and socio-economic characteristics. As far as agriculturalextension is concerned, the field extension worker (encadreur) and hissupervisor are often inadequately informed of the latest research findings,as well as inadequately trained. The Government is well aware of the needfor further strengthening of linkages between research and extension,particularly at the grass roots level, and between extension and thefarmers. Functional linkages already exist at the central and field level,between INERA (in the Ministry of Higher Education, HESRS) and Extension(in the Ministry of Agriculture, MAE). This is done through regulartraining by researchers of Extension staff (Techniciens specialises, TS) asinitiated under OTRVA (para. 1.21); through joint planning andmplementation of field demonstrations (PAPEM; para. 1.16); and throughinformal but regular contacts between researchers and extension workers.

Research Funding

2.29 Historical data on total spending for agricultural research arenot readily available in Burkina, as it was only in 1986 that INERA assumedresponsibility for preparing its own budget and began keeping its ownrecords and accounts. Until that date, research administration (researchplanning, accounting, data processing) was done by each individual donor,with the result that most of the historical data are kept in France. Annex4 gives best estimates of total funding for agricultural research by sourceof funds for the period 1980-85.

2.30 As shown in Annex 5, total spending on agricultural research in1986 amounted to an estimated CFAF 1,291 million (US$3.7 millionequivalent) of which about 322 came from Government's budget and 68Z fromdonors. Government's contribut'.on to INERA's 1986 budget amounted to CFAF50 million for capital expenditures plus CFAF 199 mil!ion for recurrentexpenditures. The latter are exclusive of the salaries of civil servants

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working for INERA (researchers and technicians), who are paid directly bythe state. Their cost is estimated at an additional CFAP 167 million.State funding for agricultural research in 1986 therefore totalled aboutCFAF 417 million. In addition, bilateral and multilateral donors in 1986contributed CFAF 536 million to INERA's capital budget (a large portion ofwhich was for technical assistance) and CFAF 339 million to INERA'soperational budget. Contributors were: France (CFAF 371 million - 421);UNDP/FAO (CFAF 312 million - 36Z); IFAD (CFAF 109 million = 12%); EEC (CFAF70 million = 8S); and smaller donors (CFAF 13 million = < 2Z). Forty-fivepercent of Goverrment's recurrent expenditures for research in 1986 (CFAF366 million or US$1 million equivalent) was for salaries. The 1986 budgetof IRBET amounted to CFAF 179 million. As shown in Annex 6, slightly movethan one-third or that amount was for operating costs, largely salaries.Nearly 901 of the total investment cost was for technical assistance andtraining.

H. Accounting and Financial Management

2.31 INERA's accounting and financial management system is veryrudimentary. State-financed expenditures for research are accounted for inits books by the Head of Administration and Finance, under four headings:(a) salaries and wages (for contract workers only, as INERA's permanentstaff are not on INERA's budget); (b) research station and HQ operatingcosts; (c) research program operating costs; and (d) investments. At eachof the three research stations (Kamboinse, Saria and Farako-Ba) an accountsclerk keeps simple daily records of expenditures. The accounts clerkssupply monthly summary statements with supporting documents to INERAheadquarters, where overall summary statements are then prepared forsubmission to the Directorate General of CNRST, where INERA's (and alsoIRBET*s) accounts are kept.

2.32 There is as yet no uniformity with respect to the administrationof external research funding. Some donors insist upon using their ownaccounting systems, while others accept the Government (INERA-IRBET-CNRST)system. In the latter case, however, there is no effective monitoring byINERA of spending and program implementation. The project would addressthis problem through the introduction of an improved computerized financialmanagement and accounting system and the appointment of a qualifiedaccountant (para. 4.14).

2.33 To conclude, INERA, a specialized institute within MESRS, is ayoung organization with limited experience in research planning andmanagement, but with a heavy mandate. Its financial management andaccounting system, as well as its personnel management and staffdevelopment programs, still need to be set up. Its internal organizationis characterized by a very centralized line of command, whereby allmanagers (Program Coordinators, Station Managers, etc.) report directly tothe Director of INERA. Functional relationships among individual researchprograms and between research and extension need to be clarified andstrengthened. In several instances, program content and priorities alsoneed to be defined more precisely. Government and donors are well aware of

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the need for improvements in staffing and training, and of the need forinstitutional development. The proposed project would seek to address theabove problems, in line with Government's plans and efforts to stronglysupport the agriculture sector.

III. THE PROJECT

A. Obiectives and Justification

3.1 The project would constitute the first phase of a long-term (10to 15-year) development plan for agricultural research. One of theprincipal design criteria has been that it should be financially andadministratively manageable. The long-term plan would aim at developing aunified national agricultural research institute and organization dealingwith crop, livestock and forestry production, and catering to the needs ofthe different caterories of primary producers in the variousagro-ecological zones of the country. Such an organization would bestaffed by trained Bdrkinabe research specialists and a few short-termoutside consultants. Accordingly, objectives of this first 5-year phasewould be, too

(i) strengthen and consolidate the capacity of national agricul-tural research (including livestock and forestry) to plan,execute and evaluate research programs that are in line withGovernment agricultural policies, responsive to farmers'needs, and alert to relevant research conducted inneighboring countries and/or by international institutes;

(ii) improve the balance and linkages between inrdividual researchprograms, by placing greater emphasis on multidisciplinary,systems-oriented research, as opposed to thecommodity-oriented research that has prevailed in the past;and

(iii) strengthen links between research and extension services.

3.2 The project is in line with the Bank's agricultural strategy forBurkina (as well as for all of Sub-Saharan Africa), which gives highpriority to research and development in the service of smallholder cropfarmers and livestock owners. It would directly complement ongoingBank-assisted agricultural projects in Burkina by helping to halt resourcedegradation and desertification and by developing improved techniques forthe integration of crops, livestock and forest'ry. Moroover, it is in linewith the 1986 Bank study of agricultural research in West Africa, whichaimed at formulating a common strategy for investments in financial andhuman resources to improve the continent's prospects for food andagricultural productivity.

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B. Summary Description

3.3 The proposed project would seek to achieve the above objectivesby financing:

(a) Improvements to INERA's basic network of research conters, withemphasis on existing facilities and to the physicalInfrastructure at INERA and IRBET headquarters;

(b) short- and long-term technical assistance and staff trainingneeded to strengthen the local capacity to plan, implement,monitor and evaluate a national agricultural research program,including livestock and forestry;

(e) equipment, vehicles and supplies, and the operating andmaintenance costs associated with the implementation of thepriority research programs.

(d) equipment and operating costs (travel allowance and vehicleoperating costs) incurred by research staff for the periodictraining of extension staff (subject matter specialists).

3.4 In order to concentrate, rather than disperse, scarce resourcesand skills, and to allow a critical mass of research staff to workeffectively, emphasis during the first years of the project would be onconsolidating research programs; on rehabilitating and equipping existinginfrastructure and facilities at Kamboinse, Saria and Farako-Ba; and onfinancing the operating expenses of priority research programs andactivities. Funding would also be provided for initial investments insupport of adaptive research programs, Including exploratory surveys withinthe RSP and ESFIMA programs, varietal testing, and Improved seed productionat the three locations - Kouare. DI, and Katchari - where full-fledgedregional research stations may be developed at a later stage.

C. Detailed Features

(i) Organizational Strengthening

3.5 The project would support the further strengthening of thecapacity of INERA's management to implement its national research program.Administrative responsibilities and technical research management would tothe extent possible be separated within the institution (Annex 1-2). Underthe project, the Director of INERA would be assisted by two DivisionChiefs, one in charge of the Research Division (Division de Recherches) andone in charge of the Resources Division (Division de Ressources). The 8Program Coordinators, instead of reporting directly to the Director ofINERA as was the case until now (para. 2.33), would report to the Head ofthe Research Division; similarly, the Station Managers, instead ofreporting directly to the Director, would report to the Head of theResources Division. During the first three years of the project, aninternationally recruited Research Management Specftlist would assist the

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Director of INERA in the overall, day-to-day management of the Institution,in managing and monitoring the research programs, and in preparing futurework programs and budgets based on the submissions from Research ProgramCoordinators and Station Managers. The financial management and accountingsystem of INERA would be strengthened (through a PPF-funded technicalassistance contract and the hiring of a locally-recruited Accountant; para.4.14)), thereby improving INERA's capacity to administer a computerizedjoint accounting system for expenditures under the project for INERA andIRBET. Management Councils (paras 4.5 and 4.7) would provide policyguidance to INERA and IRBET; approve the budgets, and ensure that proposedannual research programs are in line with national goals and priorities.One of the researchers of INERA's Research Division would be appointed toact as Research Extension Liaison Officer responsible for ensuring regularcontacts and close coordination between research and extension. In orderto ensure proper planning and coordination in the procurement of civilworks, furniture, equipment and vehicles under the project, a "SeniorProject Engineer's Office' (para 3.26) would be operational for theduration of the project. It would be headed by an experienced,internationally recruited Engineer, who would be hired for a total of 30months (Terms of Reference are in Annex 14). He would work with and traina Burkinabe Material Resources Officer funded under the project, who uponcompletion of the project, would have overall responsibility for INERA'sacquisition and material resources and maintenance programs.

3.6 Presently there are i only 32 research (field) assistants(stechniciens") in INERA for its 50 researchers. The project would redressthis imbalance by hiring a total of 49 new 'techniciens' and 38"observateurs" during the 5-year period. For IRBET, 2 additional"techniciens" would be hired.

(ii) Support to Research Programs

3.7 Production Systems Research (Recherche sur les Systemes deProduction, RSP). The RSP program will have its headquarters at Kamboinseto cover the Central Plateau, the North, and the East. A second unit basedat Farako-Ba will work on the Southern and Western areas.Multidisciplinary teams will, in close cooperation with staff of commodityprograms and the extension service, study and describe existing farmingsystems, including livestock production and agroforestry systems, andidentify zones with similar production systems and constraints. Thiszoning exercise would provide guidance to the national applied researchprograms, and would form the basis for designing research-managed trials tobe conducted over a period of 1-2 years, followed by farmer-managed trialsthat would be planned and carried out in collaboration with extensionstaff. Promising results from previous research would be testedimmediately within the RSP program to develop new technologies adapted tosmallholders' needs and this would be followed by adaptive testing at theORD-level through existing Points d'Appui de Prevulgarisation etd'Experimentation Multilocale (PAPEM). Constant feedback and closecollaboration between farming systems research and commodity-orientedresearch programs will be essential. Similarly, close ties between research

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and extension would ensure that research findings are passed on to farmersas quickly as poss$ble and that farmers' feedback reaches the appropriatebranch of rosearch. The RSP program is to become one of the major linksbetween research and extension, and although in-service training ofextension subject matter specialists ("Techniciens sp;cialis;s) in itschoice of trainers would not limit itself to staff from this program only,RSP will play a leading role in the dissemination of research results toextension.

3.8 The project would support this priority program by providingfunds for strengthening the teams at Kamboinse and Farako-Ba. This wouldinvolve recruiting 5 new Burkinab; researchers:

- 1 systems agronomist as of year 1, to work with the senior(expatriate) agronomist already in post, at Kamboinse;

- 1 general agronomist as of year 1, for Kamboinse;

- 1 agricultural economist as of year 1, for Farako-Ba, to wouldwork in close collaboration with the Program Coordinator(economist) of the Cotton program;

- 1 systems agronomist as of year 2, to work with the expatriateagronomist already in post, at Farako-Ba; and

- 1 livestock production specialist as of year 3, for Farako-Ba.

3.9 In order to assist the Program Coordinator in defining overallprogram orientation and content, as well as its organization (including thefunctional relationships with commodity research programs and withextension), an internationally racruited Agricultural Economist, thoroughlyfamiliar with applied research methodology, would be funded for the firstthree years of the project (Terms of Reference are in Annex 14). Inaddition, the project would provide funds for vehicles and incrementaloperating costs, including funding for 12 additional "technicians".

3.10 WaterlSoil/Fertilization/IrrigationlMechanization (Eau, Sol,Fertilisation, Irrigation, Machinisme Agricole - ESFIMA). The programwould conduct erosion control, soil and water conservation, and fertilizertrials, with particular emphasis on the interactions between moistureavailability and the type, timing and economically profitable levels offertilizer for different crops and cropping systems. Tillage methods andagricultural mechanization (including appropriate hand tools andanimal-drawn equipment) would be studied with a view to promoting moreproductive farming techniques. Research on animal traction as a means tointegrate livestock into agriculture would be undertaken, with motorizedmechanization receiving low priority.

3.11 The project would provide funds for strengthening the program asfollows: During the first two years of the project, the ESFIMA ProgramCoordinator would be assisted by an internationally recruited

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Agriculturalist, who would assess ongoing programs, and help the team infurther defining research priorities and objectives (Terms of Reference arein Annex 14). In terms of Burkinabd research specialists, one agriculturalmechanization specialist (animal traction) would be hired as of year 3, tobe stationed at Saria; one agricultural mechanization specialist would behired as of year 4, to be stationed at Farako-Ba; and as of year 3, oneRural Engineer (Irrigation) would be hired for Di. As of year 2, anAgroforestry specialist would join the program, to be stationed atOuagadougcu, and operating in the Central Plateau. Accordingly, Burkinabestaff would be increased over the 5 year period from 8 researchers andthree technicians to 12 researchers and 12 Itechniciens^ (including twoadditional ̂techniciensn for the agroforestry component). The ESFIMAprogram would be based at Kamboinse/Saria to cover the Central Region, witha secondary unit at Farako-Ba to cover the South and West. Upon completionof construction of required accommodation at Kouare, by year 3 of theproject, an Agronomist (Fertilizer and Soil Fertility trials) would betransferred from Kamboinse to start up a new unit and subprogram at Kouare.The project would also finance incremental vehicles, equipment andincremental operating costs.

3.12 The Livestock Production Pronram (Programme ProductionsAnimales). An internationally recruited Livestock Production ResearchScientist would be hired for the first two years of the projfst to assistthe program's staff in drawing up a coherent research program and it wasagreed during negotiations that INERA would submit to IDA for review bySeptember 30, 1989, the livestock research program with detailed investmentand recurrent cost proposals. IDA approval of the proposals would be acondition of disbursement for civil works construction related to thelivestock production research program at Katchari, its planned futureheadquarters. In the meantime, staff would first have to carry out acritical review and summary of past research. To better understand thevarious livestock production systems and constraints faced by producers,the team's specialists would, in collaboration with RSP staff, describeexisting systems involving both cattle and small stock. The project wouldpay for vehicles and operating costs, and for one additional Itechnicien'.

3.13 Cereals (Sorghum, Millet and Maize-SOMIMA). Component researchwould concentrate on maintaining genetic potential and, together with RSPand ESFIMA staff, collaborate on applied research. The project wouldfurther strengthen the program by funding one additional position for aBurkinabe Phytopathologist (sorghum), by year 1, to be stationed at Sariaand a shared position (with the rice research program, para. 3.16) of aPost-harvest Technologist, as of year 3, to be stationed at Farako-Ba.Incremental operating costs would include funding of 6 additionalOtechniciens positions. General guidance to the overall program will beprovided through short-term consultancy visits for a total of 22 man-months(up to 5 visits from an internationally recruited Cereal Agronomist, and upto 4 visits from a Post-harvest technologist).

3.14 Oilseeds Proaram (Proteagineux). Research under the projectvould focus on groundnut, cowpea and sesame as the crops of major economic

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importance, and within those crops, concentrate on breeding, plantprotection and harvest/grain storage problems. The project would fund 2new Burkinab; research staff positions (1 plant breeder and one oilseedagronomist). These new recruits would be stationed at Kamboinse (and/orFarako-Ba) during the first two years, to work with senior researchers andreceive on-the-job training. Also, 6 "techniciens' vould be hired for theprogram. Upon completion of the housing construction program at Kouar;,the program would establish its headquarters there, during year 3 of theproject.

3.15 Veftetable and Fruit Crops (Cultures Maraich4res). The relativelysmall program will receive one additional Burkinab; researcher (aphytopathologist) and 5 ItecLniciens" who, together with the ProgramCoordinator, Station Manager and Rural Engineer (Irrigation) would bestationed at Di once housing has been constructed, in year 3.Agro-economic and marketing aspects warrant attention and require closecollaboration with the RSP program.

3.16 Rice (Programme Riz). With a major focus on non-irrigated riceproduction, staff from this program, making maximum use of research effortselsewhere in the West African region, and in collaboration with ESFIMA andRSP, concentrate on applied and adaptive research on lowland riceproduction ('culture de bas-fonds"). The program would share with theCereals (SOMIMA) program a newly recruited Burkinabe researcher (as of year3) who would be responsible for research on post-harvest losses and grainstorage problems. This new recruit would receive guidance and in-servicetraining from an internationally recruited specialist, shared also betweenthis program and the SOMIMA program, and who would, beginning in year 2 ofthe project, make an initial short-term consultancy visit of four months toassess the problems and formulate a work program, followed by yearly returnvisits of 2 months. Two new 'techniciens" would be hired for the program.

3.17 Cotton (Programme Coton). As the RSP and ESFDMA programs becomebetter defined and integrated with the commodity-oriented researchprograms, this program will be able to concentrate its resources andefforts mcre specifically on cotton breeding research (to ensureavailability to the farmers of high quality seed) and cotton agronomy(especially pest and disease control). The staffing position shown inAnnex 2, Table 8 would remain the same during the 5 years of the project.This is again based on the assumption that the services provided by theexpatriate cotton breeder (full-time) and expatriate agronomist (part-time)would continue for the duration of the project. Support under the projectwould consist in the funding of 4 additional "techniciens"; incrementaltransportation; and associated operating costs. The project would,moreover, provide funding for a small expansion, in year 3, of the cottonagronomy laboratory.

3.18 Forestry Research (Programme de Recherche Forestiere). The goalof the forestry program would be to obtain, by the mid-1990s, preliminaryresults making it possible to determine how trees influence agriculturalproductivity and to improve those mechanisms through species improvement

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and the association of improved woody species with crops. Research themessupported under the project would include:

- economic and social significance of trees in the rural milieu.This study would be conducted jointly by RSP Agroeconomists andthe IRBET's ethnobotany specialist, in the context of INERA's RSPprogram;

- review of traditional agroforestry systems (RSP program);

- impact of nitrogen-fixing woody species on crop yields and waysto enhance the moisture-retaining effect of trees. The project,would finance, as of year 2, a Burkinab6 researcher (who wouldjoin the ESFIMA program) and two local technicians; a vehicle;and incremental vehicle maintenance and general operating costs;

- improving the efficiency of symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing systemsand their effect on soil productivity. This research would dealmainly with Acacia albida. Funding would be provided forrecruitment in year 2 of a local researcher (4 man-years) and anexpatriate specialist (three years); two research technicians; afour-wheel drive vehicle and one pick-up truck, and all relatedoperating expenditures. This program would be an IRBET researchprogram. A laboratory and specialized equipment for this type ofstudies is already available.

(iii) TraininR and Technical Assistance

3.19 Trainina. Funds for overseas training are already available fromvarious sources but they are often restricted in their applicability and donot allow research staff, for example, to familiarize themselves with workat international or regional research centers, or in neighboring countries.Moreover, such training is often haphazard, without reflecting the specificneeds of the country and the research establishment. Therefore, to upgradethe technical and management skills of INERA and IRBET staff at all levels,the project provides funds for training in research management for theDirectors of INERA and IRBET and the Heads of the Research and ResourcesDivisions of INERA; for formal degree and on-the-job training of INERA andIRBET researchers; and other forms of training (workshops, special courses,study tours and exchange visits. It is anticipated that by PY 10, nationalagricultural research will have settled into its final organizationalstructure; that it will by then, be fully linked to regional andinternational research institutes; and that it will be staffed mainly withlocal researchers assisted by short-term foreign consultancies.

3.20 By November 30, 1988, INERA would recruit an Information andTraining Officer with experience and qualifications acceptable to IDA andone of whose major tasks would be to review the education and experience ofall INERA and IRBET professional staff and to determine individual trainingrequirements and career paths. He would prepare a comprehensive program ofstaff training and manpower development that addresses both individual and

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institutional requirements. The staff of the Institut du DeveloppementRural (IDR) of the University of Ouagadougou would be asked to provideadvice and assistance in this task, as would technical assistance staffhired under the project. It was agreed during negotiations that a draft ofa detailed first-year training program for INERA and IRBET staff would besent to IDA for commenti not later December 31, 1988 and that the planwould be implemented not later than May 11, 1989, after having incorporatedthe Association's comments. Every year thereafter, not later than May 31,a detailed training program for the following twelve months would be sentto IDA for its comments and subsequent prompt implementation. Under theproject, funds are provided to enable a total of 32 INERA and IRBETresearch staff to receive higher degree training, as follows: 14 to obtaina 'DiplOme des Etudes Approfondies' (DE&), 8 to obtain a Master of Science(MSc degree); 4 to receive a 'Doctorat de 3e cycle'; 3 to receive a Ph.D.and 3 a *Doctorat d'Etat degree. This program would provide a total of 66trainee-years. Criteria for participation in this training program wouldbes demonstrated ability and aptitude for scientific research, andseniority within the research organization. The training program wouldmoreover be in line with the special requirements of the INERA and IRBETresearch programs. Accordingly, the above figures about types of trainingare only indicative at this stage. The training program would need toestablish the specific training needs with the above criteria in mind.Assurances were obtained during negotiations that all staff having receivedproject-financed training abroad would remain in their assignments for atleast five years upon completion of such training.

3.21 Training opportunities are also provided for research staff notinvolved in higher degree training. A total of 30 manweeks is availablefor inviting international scientists to conduct training seminars inBurkina Faso; 60 manweeks are provided under the project for Burkinaberesearchers to participate in international congresses, workshops, symposiaand short courses; 20 manweeks are provided for consultancies byinternational experts on specific topics or problems arising during projectimplementation. Finally, funds are available for local training of supportstaff, e.g. research assistants (Itechniciensw and lobservateurs*), and 15manweeks will be available for other training needs identified duringproject implementation.

3.22 In view of the limited experience in research management of theINERA and IRBET staff, training in that subject is considered essential.The Directors of IRBET and INERA will each be provided with 3 months'training in research management ; funds will be available to allow them toparticipate in international meetings on agricultural research (e.g. CGIARmeetings or visits to ISNAR), and to allow for regular contact withregional research organizations. These activities add up to a total of 20manweeks for each of the two officials during the project period.

3.23 The Heads of the two Divisions of INERA will be given theopportunity to become acquainted with international and regionalagricultural research organizations. For these activities a total of

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29 manweeks are available. For the Documentalist of INERA an overseastraining program is envisaged for a total of 13 manweeks.

3.24 Technical Assistance. In order to assist INERA and IRBETmanagement and staff with project implementation, especially during theinitial stages of the project when new tasks need to be undertaken, butalso for carrying out special studies and to provide backstopping duringsubsequent years, technical assistance will be provided as detailed inAnnex II, Table 1. This involves 6 long-term positions for a total of 151/2 manyears; 44 manmonths for short-term consultancies and specialstudies; and 57 manweeks of general consultancies, including 11 weeks ofannual missions in support of INERA's computerized financial management andaccounting system funded under the project (para. 4.14). Also included area two-months' consultancy in year 1 to prepare an inventory of the majortypes and makes of scientific and laboratory equipment and its state ofrepair, and then to make specific recommendations based on INERA andIRBET's needs (para. 3.25). Similarly in year 2, a short-term (l month)consultancy would review INERA's basic-seed production capacity and makespecific recommendations about ways to strengthen this important functionwhich it performs in collaboration with the National Seed Service of MAE.In making these estimates, it has been assumed that the long-term technicalassistance INERA and IRBET are presently receiving (Annex 2, Table 9 andpara. 2.25) would continue to be provided throughout the 5-yearimplementation period. The Research Management Specialist providingassistance to INERA's directorate during the first three years of theproject would be responsible, inter alia, for the preparation of detailedterms of reference for technical assistance specialists and consultanciesfunded under the project (Annex 14). It would be condition of crediteffectiveness that he would have been employed under terms and conditionsacceptable to IDA.

(iv) Civil Works, Vehicles. Equipment and Surnlies

3.25 The project will provide for the rehabilitation of the existingresearch infrastructure and facilities; for furniture; office, laboratoryand agricultural equipment and supplies; and for vehicles. A total of 29new staff houses would be constructed and a new INERA headquarters atOuagadougou would be built (535 m2 total floor area). IRBET's headquarterswould be expanded by conversion of existing storage space to accommodatethe incremental local staff (2 researchers, 1 accounts clerk, 1 technicienand 1 secretary) and technical assistance. Small guesthouses would bebuilt at the new INERA locations (Kouare, Katchari and Di) and for IRBET atDjibo, to accommodate visiting staff. Funds are provided to purchase atotal of 54 new vehicles (including replacements every 4th year, except fortrucks which will not be replaced within the 5-year project period); 168motorbicycles/mobylettes (replaced every third year); and 5 tractors plusequipment. Detailed cost tables have been prepared for each location. Atthe time of appraisal INERA's requirements for scientific and laboratoryequipment and supplies could not be estimated with sufficient accuracy.Funds have been included for a specialist to draw up detailed equipmentschedules and requirements, including specifications, cost estimates and

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bidding documents. Prior to inviting bids, the consultant's report withcastings would be submitted to IDA for camment, by January 31, 1989. IDAapproval of h4e detailed scientific and laboratory equipment purchaseprogram and c. t estimates would be a condition of disbursement for thiscategory of equipment.

3.26 A Senior Project Engineer will be employed under the Project(para. 3.5). His office (Bureau d'Appui Technique (BAT) within INEIA wouldbe responsible for planning, costing and procuring all investment items forthe pzQject, and for ensuring the expeditious delivery of all itemsfinanced under the project. The design and execution of buildings,installations and physical infrastructure financed by the project will bethe responsibility of the Architect (Architectes d'Opdrationl terms ofreference in Annex 14) who will work in close cooperation with the SeniorProject Engineer's Office. The Senior Project Engineer and local Architecthave already been employed by INERA through PPJ funding. Incorporation ofphoto-voltaic (solar) energy technology is proposed for the project-fundedfacilities (houses, offices, laboratories, coldstorage, etc.) at theresearch stations. A Solar Energy Engineer would be retained during year 1of the project to prepare technical proposals, cost estimates and biddingdocuments for these items. His terms of reference will be drawn up by theSenior Project Engineer.

3.27 INERA Headquarters. IIERA's present cramped headquarters inOuagadougou would be replaced by a new building with office space for theDirector, the accounting department, and up to three visiting specialists,as well as meeting and documentation rooms, and space for support staff.New office furniture, including computer equipment for the accountingdepartment (through a turn key contract, para. 4.14), copy and telexfacilities, and vehicles would be provided. The new building would beerected on a plot of land near the University of Ouagadougou. A conditionof credit effectiveness would be that the Government had formallyattributed to CNRST/INERA/IRBET legal tenancy of the land for theimplementation of the construction program.

3.28 IRBET Headquarters. The project would finance the constructionof additional office space at the Ouagadougou headquarters for 2 newresearchers, an accounts clerk, 1 technician and a secretary. In addition,office and nursery equipment and materials, 3 motor vehicles, 2 motorcyclesand 2 mobylettes, and incremental operating costs would be funded.

3.29 Kamboins6. The project will provide funds for one tractor withits implements; 9 vehicles (including 4 replacements) for the RSP, Cerealsand Oilseeds programs; and a total of 27 motorcycles and mobylettes,including replacements. No civil works are planned for Kamboinse duringthis phase.

3.30 sara. Project-funded construction would begin in year 2 andwould provide additional work space for 2 researchers and 5 researchassistants, additional laboratory space, and a greenhouse (100 m2 ). Inaddition, water and electricity (photovoltaic) would be installed,

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amenities which are presently lacking. The project would also provide 1tractor with Its lmplements; 6 vehicles (for ESFIMA and the Cerealsprogram) and 28 motorcycles and mobylettes (including replacements).

3.31 Farako-Ba. Civil works construction, beginning during year 3 ofthe project, would consist of additional office space for 5 researchers andsupport staff; a 70 m2 meeting roomllibrary, and an expansion (155 m2) ofthe cotton agronomy laboratory. Additional equipment would consist of oneagricultural tractor with its i$plements, and the following means oftransportation would be fundeds 16 vehicles (including replaeementsvehicles) for the RSP, ESFIMA, Oilseeds, Cotton, Vegetables and Fruits, andRice programs; and 63 motorcycles and mobylettes (including replacements).

3.32 Di. Starting the second year of the project, this as yetundeveloped location would get 4 senior staff houses (including 1guesthouse) and 8 houses for research assistants (technicians); 60 mn ofstorage space, plus work space for 4 researchers and their support staff.In addition, water and electricity (photovoltaic) would be installed and(in year 3) 10 ha would be developed and equipped for irrigated trials, allfunded under the project. The project would moreover provide funds for onetractor with its $mplements; 4 vehicles (no replacements) and 26motorcycles and mobylettes (including replacements), for the ESFIMA,Vegetables and Fruits and Rice and Cereals programs.

3.33 Kouare. Here also, the civil works program would start in year2, with the construction of 5 senior staff houses, one guesthouse and 6houses for research assistants (techniciens). Storage and workspace wouldbe built, and water and electricity (photovoltaic) would be installed inorder to open up this location as a future regional research station andheadquarters of the Oilseeds program. Project funds would be provided forthe purchase of one tractor with Its implements (In year 4); 5 vehicles(including one replacement); and of 14 motorcycles and mobylettes(including replacements), for the Oilseeds and ESFIMA programs.

3.34 Katchari. The eventual development of this as yet undevelopedlocation into a future regional research station (CRRA) would be decidedjointly by the Government and IDA, upon preparation of a coherent proposalfor the An4mal Production research program (para. 3.12). In the meantime,provisions are made for the construction, beginning in year 3, of 2 seniorstaffhouses, 3 research assistants' houses, and 1 guesthouse. For year 4provisions are made for the purchase of one agricultural tractor withimplements; and for the purchase of 1 vehicle, 2 motorcycles and 1mobylette.

3.35 The project would finance all operating and maintenance costsincurred by INERA and IRBEST in connection with the investments made underthe project. Operating costs Include salaries and travel expenses forlocal and Internationally recruited staff, as well as expenses (inputs,materials) associated with tests and trials. Maintenance includes allexpenses required to keep buildings, vehicles and equipment in workingcondition.

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D. Proiect Costs and Financing

3.36 Total project costs, not of taxes and lmport duties, butincluding contingencies, for the five-year implementation period(1988-1992), are estma&ed at 5.5 billion CFAP (or US$18.2 millionequivalent), with a foreign exchange component of 532 On the basis of thestandard disbursement profile for agricultural projects in West Africa, itis projected that it would take 8 1/2 years to disburse the proceeds of thecredit. Through the increase in price contingencies, this would increasetotal project costs to CFAF 5.6 billion (or US$18.8 million). Project costsare summarised below. A breakdown of costs by research program is in Annex8.

PROJECT COST SUmMARY

Local Forein Total Local Forein Total X Foreign X Total_-CPAF mlIIn----- --elUSS llIeon-x- *xchange base costs

INERAINRA HeaduAters $61 1,456 2,C1? 1.9 4.6 6.7 72 48Farako-DU 426 228 "4a 1.4 6.7 2.1 SS isSalrs 266 186 891 0.9 0.4 1.8 as 5KuboIns6 166 126 815 0.6 0.4 1.0 41 6Di B27 170 606 1.1 0.6 1.7 86 10Kouar6 286 186 872 0.6 0.4 1.2 87 8Katchari 161 go 260 0.6 0.8 0.9 8s SSubtotal INERA 2,146 2,868 4,564 7.2 7.9 15.0 es 68

IN£ m101 19C 866 6.5 0.6 1.2 s6 7Total bseline cotO 2,867 2,668 4,8066 7.7 8.5 16.2 5* isPhysical contingenies 76 49 126 0.2 0.2 0.4 40 aPrice contilngnesle 564 9C N69 1.9 0.8 2.2 20 14

Total Project cost 2,947 2,697 5,644 9.6 9.6 18. 49 116

3.37 Unit costs are based on December 1986 prices, adjusted tomid-July 1987 -- the date of negotiations -- using an adjustment factor of3.3S on local and 2.72 on foreign costs. Costs include physicalcontingencies of 102 on civil works, furniture, office and laboratoryequipment. The total allowance for physical contingencies amounts to 3S ofbase costs. Price contingencies, which amount to 142 of base costs or 122of total costs, have been calculated at the following annual percentagerates:

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Assumed Price Contingencies (in 2)

Costs 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992

Foreign costs 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.5 3.5Local costs 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

The price escalation factors follow forecasts of International Inflationfor foreign supplied goods and services, and ostimated annual inflation inBurkina Faso for local costs. Total contingencies amount to approximately12X of base costs and 102 of total project costs. Detailed cost estimatesare in Annexes 7, 8 and 9, and in the Project File.

3.38 The project represents a major part of the Government's overallresearch programs in crops, livestock and forestry. Since reaearch is along-term endeavor requiring continuous comnitment and, henct., funding,even after external donors have left, the recurrent cost implications mustbe fully understood and must be at levels affordable to Government.International experience and statistics show that 0.82 of the agriculturalGDP Is a 'good' average spending level throughout the world. At an averageannual base cost over the first five years of about CFAF 1.0 billion, theincremental costs on research represent about 0.5X of the projected 1986agricultural GDP for Burkina. If one assumes that recurrent expendituresfor ongoing research activities are maintained at the 1986 level (INERACFAF 705 million and IRBET CFAF 63 million) by both Government and externaldonors, and incremental recurrent expenditures (in 1986 constant prices)resulting from this project are about CFAF 385 million, the total recurrentexpenditures would be about CFAF 1.2 billion, or 0.6% of the projected 1986agricultural GDP. At the end of the project, Government would take chargeof all local salaries, Including those of contractual staff. Its share inrecurrent expenditures would thus increase from CPAF 425 million in 1986 toCIAF 645 million at project completion.

3.39 In view of Government's tight financial situation, it is proposedthat its contribution be limited to salaries of incremental civil servants,which constitute about five percent of the total costs. This is consideredacceptable since current. Government spending on agriculture and forestryresearch represents about 302 of its total spending. It would be agreedduring negotiations that Government would maintain its allocations to INERAand IRBET for research recurrent charges at least at their 1986 levels inreal terms, i.e. CFAF 200 million and CFAF 31 million, respectively.

3.40 The French and Dutch Governments have been interested incofinancing on a grant basis, with particular emphasis on the technicalassistance components of the proposals. The amounts of cofinancing wouldentail the cancellation of the equivalent amounts of the IDA credit.Since specific financing plans have not yet been agreed. The financing planis thus presented only for IDA and Government as follows:

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Financing Plan

US$ million (%)Government 0.9 5IDA 17.9 95

Total 18.8 100

3.41 The proposed Credit of US$17.9 million would be on standard IDAterms, with 40 years maturity. The proceeds of the IDA credit would bepassed on by Government in grant form to INERA.

S. Procurement 2/

3.42 Contract Review. Bidding documents for contracts estimated tocost US$100,000 equivalent or more would be cleared with IDA beforetendering, and recommendations for contract awards would be submitted toIDA for comments prior to award. This would cover about 902 of the totalestimated value of civil works and goods contracts. Procurementarrangements are summarized on page 33. Vehicles and equiDment. would bebulked to the extent possible and procured following Internationalcompetitive bidding (ICB) procedures in accordance with IDA guidelines.Local manufacturers would be allowed a 15% margin of preference or theapplicable customs duty, whichever is lower. Contracts of betweenUS$50,000 and US$100,000 would be procured through modified localcompetitive bidding (LCB). Local bidding methods and bid administrationwere reviewed by the appraisal mission and found to require certainmodifications in order to conform to Bank Guidelines. Agreement wasreached during negotiations that local procurement procedures and documentswould be modified to incorporate improvements proposed and to test andmonitor mutually agreed standard procedures. Results of those tests wouldbe disseminated to the different local agencies involved in the biddingprocess, not later than six weeks prior to credit effectiveness (scheduledfor 120 days after signature of the Development Credit Agreement).Equipment whi"h cannot be suitably bulked and other small items such asmaterials and supplies costing less than US$50,000 equivalent each, up to atotal limit of US$300,000, may be procured through competitive quotationsfrom at least three domestic suppliers whenever practicable. Foreign firmswould be allowed to participate in local competitive bidding.

3.43 Civil works would be procured on the basis of local competitivebidding procedures, modified as discussed in para. 3.42 above. Therelatively small size (no contract is expected to be over US$0.4 million)and dispersion over the country of civil works funded under the project

21 Details are likely to change if and when cofinancing arrangements aremade.

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make It extremely unlikely that they would attract foreign bids except fromInternational firms already represented in Burkina. Bidding documentswould provide alternative tendering for lots or for general contracts toattract participation by large local contractors. Interested foreign firmswould be allowed to participate in the bidding.

3.44 Consultants with qualifications and experience acceptable to IDAwould be selected for the various forms of technical assistance under theproject in accordance with the Bank's 'Guidelines for the Use ofConsultants".

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PROCUREMENT ARRANGEMENTS

Project Item Procurement Method

TOTALICB LCB OTHER N.A. COST I/-------------- (US$ million ----------------

Civil Works - 3.8 - - 3.8(3.8) (3.8)

Vehicles 1.5 - - - 1.5(1.5) (1.5)

Agricultural Equipment 0.7 - - 0.7(0.7) - - (0.7)

Office Equipment - 0.1 0.1 - 0.2(0.1) (0.1) (0.2)

Laboratory & ScientificEquipment 0.3 - - - 0.3

(0.3) (0.3)rurniture - 0.1 0.1 - 0.2

(0.1) (0.1) (0.2)Technical Assistance

(iml. Audit) - 3.2 - 3.2(3.2) (3.2)

Training - - 1.2 - 1.2(1.2) (1.2)

Local Salaries &Operating Costs - 0.8 4.8 5.6

(0.8) (4.1) (4.9)

PPF - - 1.5 - 1.5(1.5) (1.5)

2.5 4.0 6.9 4.8 18.2(2.5) (4.0) (6.9) (4.1) (17.5)

Note: Figures in parentheses are the respective amounts financed by theIDA Credit

It/ Based on a five-year project implementation period. As a resultt thetotal cost figure shown in this schedule does not correspond to thefigure shown in the project cost summary table on page 29.

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F. Disbursements 31

3.45 The IDA cre4it would be disbursed over 8 112 years as follow:t

(a) 1002 of the costs of vehicles, including trucks,motorcyles and mobylettes (SDR 1.1 million, or about US$ 1.4million);

(b) 1001 of furniture, office and agricultural equipment (SDR0.8 million, or about US$ 1.0 million);

(c) 1001 of scientific and laboratory equipment (SDR 0.2million, or US$0.2 million

(d) 1001 of the cost of construction and rehabilitation of civilworks:

(i) Civil works associated with the livestock researchprogram at Katchari (SDR 0.5 million, or about US$0.6million)

(iL) All other civil works (SDR 2.0 million, or about US$2.5million)

(e) 1002 of expenditures on consultant and specialist servicesincluding audit (SDR 2.3 million, or about US$3.0 million);

(f) 1002 of expenditures on staff training and training-relatedtravel (SDR 0.8 million or about US$ 1.1 million);

(g) 100S of salaries of contractual staff (other than category(e)), vehicle, and all other operating costs, includingfertilizer, seeds and other inputs required for researchoperations (SDR 3.3 million, or about US$4.2 million);

(h) 1001 of expenditures out of the Project Preparation Facility(SDR 1.2 million, or about USS 1.5 million); and

(i) an unallocated amount representing physical and pricecontingencies on the above (SDR 1.9, million or about US$2.4million).

3.46 Disbursements for recurrent operating and maintenanceexpenditures under (g) above, for local training and for all contractsvalued at less than US$20,000, would be made against statements ofexpenditure (SOE) certified by the Director of INERA and the INERA

31 Details are likely to change when cofinancing is finalized.

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Accountant. Accounting procedures within INERA (and by INERA on behalf ofIRBET) have been strengthened with PPF funding and will be adequate tosupport SOE for INERA. Documentation of expenditures would be retained byINERA and made available for inspection by IDA during project supervision.Total disbursements against SOE would amount to about US$ 4.5 million, orabout 25S of the IDA credit amount. Disbursements for all other civilworks, as well as consultants' services, fellowships, equipment andvehicles, would be made after receipt of standard documentation. Anestimated disbursement schedule for the project is shown in Annex 13. Theclosing date of the IDA credit would be December 31, 1993.

3.47 In order to expedite disbursements and to ensure that funds forthe project would be made available when needed, the Government will open aspecial account (revolving fund) in a commercial bank in the name of INERAwith an authorized allocation of CFAP 160 million (US$750,000 equivalent)representing about 3 months' expenditures. The account with itssubaccounts for individual research stations will be used to finance thelocal and foreign cost of eligible expenditures financed by IDA. Thespecial account will be replenished on a monthly basis or when the specialaccount is reduced by a third, whichever comes first. No direct paymentrequests under the equivalent of $20,000 will be accepted by IDA.Assurances on the above were obtained during negotiations.

B. Environmental Imiact

3 48 The project, through the development of improved farmingtechniques, would have a beneficial effect on the environment. The overallobjectives of the project are to support research programs that improveresource use and productivity by developing and testing new and improvedland, water, crop and livestock management practices. The more efficientexchange of information with regional and international research centersand improved access to up-to-date information by research and extensionworkers (and eventually by the farmers) would all contribute to a betterappreciation of environmental constraints and potentials, and to a moreinformed use of physical and human resources. Climatic conditions inBurkina Faso allow for the use of solar power to provide the modest amountsof energy needed at the research station sites more efficiently, at lowercost, and without negative environmental side-effects.

IV. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

A. Organization and Management

4.1 General. INERA and IRBET would have primary responsibility forimplementing the project through their existing, albeit reorganized,structures at headquarters and regional levels. Overall responsibility forproject coordination, planning, monitoring and reporting would rest withthe Director General of the CNRST (Annex 1-1). Initially, two divisionswould be established under the INERA directorate (Annex 1-2): a ResearchDivision (Division de Recherches) and Resources Division (Division des

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Ressources), each under a Division Head. INERA's organizational structurerevolves around two multidisciplinary, systems-oriented programs, with anumber of commodity-oriented programs and sub-programs feeding into them(para. 2.7). Each of the eight national research programs is headed by aProgram Coordinator, who is responsible for preparing the annual researchprogram and budget to be submitted to the Director of INERA by the Head ofthe Research Division. The Program Coordinators are responsible for thetechnical and scientific aspects of the research program. Besides havingresponsibility for their own research program, they would coordinate theindividual work programs of the other researchers participating in thenational program they are heading. Administrative support and generalservices (transport, machinery and equipment services, inputs, etc.) areprovided by Research Station Managers, who also report to the Director ofINERA, through the Head of the Resources Division.

4.2 The Head of the Research Division would be assisted bys (i) aResearch-Extension Liaison Officer, responsible for contacts with theextension service and the transfer of research results to extension and thefarming community; (ii) an Information and Training Officer responsible formaintaining contacts with the national, regional and international researchcommunity, for promoting the publication and coordination of researchresults and for staff training; and (iii) a Documentalist/Librarian whowould be hired under the project, and who would be responsible for libraryservices and documentation systems.

4.3 The Read of the Resource Division would be assisted bys (i) anAccountant responsible for the financial management system and day-to-dayfinancial management, including the preparation of the annual draft budgetand regular financial reports; and (ii) a Material Resources Officerresponsible for acquisition and maintenance of all material resources ofthe Institute, including those of the research stations; and who, for theduration of the project, would work with the internationally-recruitedSenior Project Engineer (para. 3.5) and receive on-the-job training in allaspects of goods, works and services procurement etc. The Accountant,Material Resources Officer, Information and Training Officer and theDocumentalist are incremental local positions funded under the project.

4.4 The Station Managers will be responsible for organizing andmanaging their research stations and for coordinating the national researchprograms and those of other national, regional or internationalorganizations active at their facilities. At the regional stations ofFarako-Ba, Kamboinse and Saria, the Station Managers would be assisted by(i) a Personnel Assistant, in charge of personnel matters, includingcoordination of training programs for permanent and temporary technical andadministrative staff; (ii) a Material Resources Assistant, responsible foracquisition and maintenance of the materials, for day-to-day management ofthe station's finances, including preparation of the annual budget andmonthly financial reports; and (iii) a farm manager responsible forcoordination of field work, maintenance of agricultural equipment, andupdating of field history records. At the regional stations of Kouare, Diand Katchari, the Station Manager would be assisted by an Assistant Station

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Manager only, who would be responsible for material resources, day-to-dayfinancial management and coordination of field work in close cooperationwith the Station Manager.

4.5 A Management Council (Conseil de Gestion, CG) will safeguard theadequacy of resources for agricultural research in relation to the agreedresearch priorities; review and approve the annual research programs andrelated budgets; and ensure the integrity of INERA's technical administra-tive and financial management. A representative of the Ministry of HigherEducation and of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock would bechairman and vice-chairman, respectively. Its membership would consist ofrepresentatives from other concerned ministries, including the Ministry ofFinancial Resources, the Ministry of Planning, and the Ministry of RuralAffairs. The Director of INERA will be the Councill's Secretary.

4.6 The CG would rely on the advice from 2 standing committees, aProgram and a Resource Committee. Program Committee membership of fivewould be selected from development organizations, such as SOFITEX, UBhOCAM,SOFIVA; research institutions, such as ICRISAT and IITA; and educationalinstitutions, such as IDR. The five-member Resource Committee would becomposed of representatives of organizations with expertise inadministration and finance. The Director of INERA would also be theSecretary to these two committees. In his capacity of secretary to allthree bodies, the Director of INERA would prepare all documents for the CGand would also convene meetings of the CG and its committees.

4.7 MINET's organ4zational structure (Annex 1-3) is described in aninterministerial Raabo from the Ministries of Higher Education andScientific Research, Environment and Tourism, Agriculture and Livestock,and National Education. At the head of IRBET is its Director, assisted byan administrative and financial service; a programs servica; and adocumentation service. The institute is subdivided into four departments.As in the case of INERA, a Management Council (Conseil de Gestion, CO)would safeguard the adequacy of resources available for forestry,biological and ecological research in relation to agreed researchpriorities; review and approve annual research programs and budgets, andensure the integrity of IRBET's overall management. Membership andstructure of IRBET's Management Council are also similar to those of INERA.The Director of IRBET holds the Secretariat of the Council and its twostanding committees.

4.8 It was agreed during negotiations, as a condition ofeffectiveness, that the members of INERA's Management Council would havebeen appointed. Moreover, assurances were obtained during negotiationsthat Government, mould not later than October 31, 1988, take all necessarymeasures to implement the organizational and staffing arrangementsestablished by the INERA and IRBET statutes; that it would maintain at alltimes the agreed establishment of research staff; consult with IDA inadvance on any proposed organizational changes; and keep key positions InINERA and IRBET filled with qualified staff at all times.

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B. Proiect Coordination

4.9 The Director General of CNRST of MESRS would have overallresponsibility for liaison between the other ministries and agenciesinvolved in the project. He would administer and monitor on a permanentbasis the planning and implementation of agricultural research and ensurethat research programs are in line with the country's policy for scientificresearch.

4.10 Research-extension linkages would be strengthened, particularlyat the working level, by (i) periodic training of extension subject matterspecialists ('techniciens specialises') by researchers, especially thoughnot exclusively, by staff of the RSP research program; and (ii) byparticipation of extension staff in the annual review and planning meetings(para. 4.11).

4.11 It was agreed during negotiations, to ensure close coordinationamong all those involved in agricultural research, that annual meetingswould be held not later than May 31 in each year, with IDA and other majordonors involved in agricultural research, to review results of the researchprograms carried out by INERA/IRBET during the previous year and to discusswork plans, research programs plus related costs, and financing plansproposed for the following year. The organization of the meetings would bethe responsibility of the Head of Research Division of INERA, assisted bythe Research-Extension Liaison Officer.

4.12 To ensure that Burkina derives the maximum benefit from researchcarried out elsewhere and that national and international programs arecomplementary, international research specialists would be invited toparticipate in the in-depth mid-term review (para. 4.13).

C. Imlementat ion ifSchedule

4.13 During thi first six months of the project, organizational andstaffing arrangements would be put into effect (para. 4.8); technicalassistance staff, ncluding those required for short-term consultancies(e.g. laboratory an scientific equipment inventory (para. 3.25), and SolarEnergy Technology ( ara. 3.26), whose terms of reference would have beenapproved by IDA, would be hired and a detailed first-year staff trainingprogram would be prepared by INERA's Information and Training Officer(para. 3.20) assisted, if necessary, by a short-term consultant. Also,under the responsibility of the Senior Project Engineer (para. 3.26),during the first year of the project, designs of civil works would becompleted and upon their approval by IDA, the construction program would beinitiated. Vehicle and equipment procurement would be planned andexpedited in the same manner (Annex 10). During the first years of theproject, emphasis would be on staff training -- both in-service and formal-- and on upgrading and rehabilitating existing facilities andinfrastructure at Saria, Kamboinsd and Farako-Bi. Initial development ofthe new locations (Di, Kouare and Katchari) would take place during thesecond half of the project implementation period. Annual review and

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research planning meetings (para. 4.11) would play an important role in themonitoring and evaluation of research programs and would provide uniqueopportunities for research and extension staff and the donor community toexchange views and coordinate activities and workprograms, including thoseof the national research system, with those of international researchinstitutes. A major review of project progress and research programimplementation would be held during the third year of the project (notlater than June 30, 1992). This would be an external review conducted withthe assistance of one or two international research specialists invited tomake specific observations and recommendations on Burkina's agricultural(including livestock and forestry) research programs in the light of theproject's objectives and targets as well as long-term goals. It was agreedduring negotiations that this mid-term review would also examineorganizational and institutional arrangements for agricultural, livestockand forestry research, comment upon the appropriateness of the existingarrangements and prepare specific alternative proposals if necessary. Thefindings and recommendations of the mid-term review would be sent to IDAfor its review and comments.

Financial Control. Audit, and Reporting

4.14 In order to better equip INERA to handle its increasedresponsibility, the project would strengthen INERA's Resources Division by(a) developing a new financial management and information system suited forcomputerization; and (b) financing a chief accountant and other supportstaff. The new accounting system will enable INERA to monitor and controlexecution of research programs by research station, by program, byoperation and by source of financing. Computerization would furtherfacilitate implementation of such a system. In addition, the system wouldbe utilized for personnel management (including monitoring the stafftraining program) and inventory control. Consultants have already beenhired with PPF financing for a contract covering development of themanagement system and its software, installation of materials, and trainingof local staff. Assurances were obtained during negotiations that INERAwould establish and maintain separate project-related accounts inaccordance with sound and accepted accounting principles and practices.

4.15 INERA's project-related accounts would be audited annually duringproject implementation by independent auditors acceptable to IDA andfinanced by the Project. Audited financial statements and reports, of suchscope and in such detail as IDA may reasonably request, will be submittedto IDA within six months of the end of each fiscal year. The auditor'sreport will include a statement on the adequacy of the accounting systemand internal controls and on whether or nit IDA funds have been used fortheir intended purposes. The report will also confirm that summary SOEssubmitted as justification for disbursement under category (g) of para.3.45 correctly reflect detailed records kept by INERA. Assurances on theabove were obtained during negotiations.

4.16 INEURA would ensure adequate overall technical and financialsupervision of project works and procurement. It would prepare the annual

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work program and budget with details on individual research programs,training, coordination of research and extension activities and of thenational and other research programs, procurement and civil worksconstruction planned for the coming year. It was agreed duringnegotiations that IDA approval of detailed construction and rehabilitationplans for INERA's research stations and headquarters' offices, and IRBET'sheadquarters' offices would be obtained prior to disbursement of funds forcivil works.

4.17 The Director of INERA would be responsible for issuingsemi-annual progress reports, showing budgeted and actual expenditures,progress achieved in construction, procurement, staff training -- includingthe training of extension staff by researchers -- and details on researchprograms and results. He would also issue a report containing theconclusions and recommendations of the annual research program review andplanning meetings (para. 4.11). This would be accompanied by INERA andIRBET's joint draft work programs and budgets for each research program forthe following year, with details on staff deployment, training plans, civilworks construction and procurement planned for the year. Copies of thereports would be sent to IDA not later than May 15 in each year so as toenable the Association to make its comments to INERA's CG during its reviewof the annual research programs and related budgets. The Senior ProjectEngineer would submit to the Director of INERA, vith copies to IDA,quarterly progress reports on civil works construction and equipmentpurchases, and including updated cost figures and projections. Within oneyear of the credit closing date, INERA would be responsible for preparing aproject completion report which would sumarize the project's performanceand evaluate lessons learned. Assurances on all the above were obtainedduring negotiations.

V. BENEFITS AND RISKS

A. General

5.1 The project would contribute to the development of the researchand research management capacity of INERA and IRBET, and to the developmentof new and improved techniques for the integration of crops, livestock andforestry into self-sustaining farming systems. It would give particularattention to adapting this technology to farmers' needs and means, and tothe speedy transfer of research findings to them. The project wouldimprove the technical skills of scientists and technicians engaged inagricultural research, and would also, through the proposed trainingprograms, accelerate the replacement of internationally recruitedresearchers by Burkinabe nationals. Finally, through joint workprogramreview and planning, the project would help improve linkages with IARCs(para. 4.11-4.12), strengthen linkages with the agricultural extensionservice of MAE, and Improve the quality and relevance of the trainingprovided by research staff to extension workers and of technical advice tothe farming community.

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B. Main Benefits

5.2 A wide spectrum of farmers and livestock owners stands to benefitfrom the development and dissemination of new technologies. Planning andcoordination of the national research programs in collaboration withinternational research institutions, and improved linkages between researchand extension are expected to lead to more efficient use of scarce humanand financial resources and to increase the impact of other investments inthe agriculture and rural sectors. The project is also designed to addressthe country's increasingly serious problems of environmental degradationand decreasing productivity. Through the funding of technical assistanceand training programs, it would address the key problems of lack ofresearch planning and management capacity and the shortage of technicalskills and experience among local research staff.

5.3 Because of the difficulty of quantifying the benefits of aresearch project, no attempts have been made to compute an economic rate ofreturn. Assuming an investment period of 5 years, total project base costsof CFAF 4.9 billion represent an average annual increase in expendituresfor research of about 0.52 of the projected 1986 agricultural GDP. Anincrease in agricultura' GDP of about 0.4X (CFAF 0.76 billion) per yearbetween 1993 and 2013 would be sufficient to achieve an economic rate ofreturn of 10, reflecting the country's opportunity cost of capital.

C. Prolect Risks

5.4 As with all such projects, there is necessarily uncertaintyconcerning the eventual impact of the research programs and, hence, theprecise project benefits. One potential risk resides in the adequacy ofthe linkages between research and extension services. However, goodworking relationships already exist at headquarters and in the fieldbetween these two technical branches of government. The directparticipation of research staff in the training of extension workers, therepresentation of NESRS and MAE on INERA's Management Council (CG), and theparticipation of extension staff in research planning would all help lessenthe risk and further strengthen research-extension linkages. Other risksare those inherent in all research projects, namely difficulties inobtaining adequate staff and funds. These risks are considered relativelysmall, however, in the case of Burkina, where in recent years theGovernment has shown a strong commitment to research. Moreover, theproject's technical assistance and training components would help minimizethose risks, and project design has aimed at minimizing incrementalrecurrent cost implications for the Government.

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VI. AGREEMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Assurances were obtained from Government at negotiations that itwoulds

(a) prepare and furnish to IDA for review a livestock productionresearch program with detailed investment proposals, bySeptember 30, 1989 (para. 3.12);

(b) INERA would have employed by November 30, 1988 a locallyrecruited Information and Training Officer with qualificationsacceptable to IDA (para. 3.20);

(c) prepare and furnish to the Association for its review andcomments: (i) by December 31, 1988, a draft first year's trainingprogram for INERA and IRBET staff to be implemented not laterthan May 31, 1989; and (ii) by May 31, in each year thereafter, adetailed training program for the following year (para. 3.20);

(d) cause all staff having received training abroad financed underthe Project to remain in their assignments for a period of atleast 5 years after completion of such training (para. 3.20);

(e) prepare and furnish to IDA for review a detailed scientific andlaboratory equipment purchase program with cost estimates forINERA, by January 31, 1989 (para. 3.25);

(f) maintain recurrent budget allocations to INERA and IRBET at aminimum level of CFAF 200 million and CYAP 31 million,respectively (para. 3.39);

(g) implement, not later than October 31, 1988 the organizational andstaffing arrangements established by INERA and IRBET Statutes(para. 4.8);

(h) maintain the agreed establishment of research staff, agree withIDA in advance on any proposed changes and keep key positions InINEUA and IRBET filled with qualified staff at all times (para.4.8);

ti) not later than May 31 each year, hold annual meetings with IDAand other major donors participating in the financing ofagricultural research, to review results of the research programscarried out by INERA/IRBET during the previous year and todiscuss work programs, costs and financing plans proposed forthe following year (para. 4.11);

(j) conduct not later than June 30, 1992 and present to IDA for itsreview and coments the findings and recommendations of amid-term review of project progress and of the appropriateness of

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organizational and institutional arrangements for agricultural,livestock and forestry research (para. 4.13);

(k) submit to IDA audited financial statements and reports of suchscope and detail as IDA may reasonably request, prepared byindependent auditors acceptable to IDA, within six months of theclose of each financial year (para. 4.15);

(1) submit to IDA semi-annual progress reports including budgeted andactual expenditures, progress achieved in the execution of theproject, and a description of research programs and results(para. 4.17);

(m) submit to IDA, by May 15 in each year, INEURA and IRBET's jointdraft research programs and budgets for the Immediately followingyear (para. 4.17);

6.2 Conditions of effectiveness would bes

(a) that an internationally recruited Research Management specialisthad been employed to assist the Director of INERA, under termsand conditions acceptable to IDA (para. 3.24).

(b) the Government would have formally attributed to MESRS legaltenancy ('titre de jouissance") of the land assigned to INERA andIRBET for the implementation of the construction program (para.3 27);

(c) appointment of the members of INERA's Management Council (Conseilde Gestion) (para. 4.8).,

6.3 Conditions of disbursement would bes

(a) IDA approval of a livestock research program with detailedinvestment proposals prior to disbursement of funds forprogram-related civil works construction at Katchari (para.3.12).

(b) IDA approval of a detailed scientific and laboratory equipmentpurchase program and cost estimates prior to disbursement offunds for this category of equipment (para. 3.25);

(e) IDA approval of detailed construction and rehabilitation plansfor INERA's research stations and headquarters' offices, andIRBET's headquarters'offices prior to disbursement of funds forcivil works (para. 4.16);

6.4 With the above assurances and conditions, the project is suitablefor a credit of SDR 14.1 million to the Government of Burkina Faso onstandard IDA terms, with 40 years maturity.

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6.4 With the above asurances and conditions, the project to sultablefor a credit of SDR 14.1 maillion to the Government of Burkina Faso onstadard tDA terms, with 40 years maturity.

AME 1-1

BURKINA FASOAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT/PROJET DE RECHERCHES AGRICOLES

Rhe Locdbn d INERA and IRBET within the MnhW of Higher Educotbn andScbreUc Rsarch (MESRS)/ Podlon hi&achlque de riNERA et de rlRBET au sein du MESRS

PSlEW OF ROMA FASPRIEST DE WRKN FA1

ADMMSTA1IV COUNWaoa uNNeRST OFCONSM ~~OUACGADOUGOW.

!1---~~~~~~~~WDWWY UNIM ..SR

CNMIS DWANTKZDOUA,ADOUGOUj

_ - --- ' _ ~~~~~~OFP>: sc- SClENIUIC_RECIORATi

=A . =HESCOMMMCOIITIN6 ,/ 9~~O"MW

RgSEAQCH - "UMS

OREM COD: WA)' ::oms!'OISMESM DOE GeSIIN^WB

WoidM BaJk-31070:4

- 46- ANNEX 1-2

Ii,

,1~~~~~~~~

~rX

47 - ~~~~ANNE 1-3

'S#;S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Ii~~~~~~~~ pi

BURKINA FASOAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

INERA Professional Staff Position by Program(December 1986)

TABLE 1 - PROGRAMEs: RSP

?RAR OF QUALIFICATION SPECIALIZATION REMARKSENTRY

1972 Doct. 3e cycle ag. economist CP coton(25S) (Farako-B;)

1978 IDR agronomist (Farako-Ba)

1980 M. Sc. ag. economist Chef de Programme(Kemboinso)

1985 IDR aS. economist (Kamboins)

1986 I de Tech DR agronomist (Farako-Bi) 5

1986 IDRIE sootechnician (Kamboins;)

Present headquarterss KamboinsiFuture hesdquarterss Kamboinse, with a second team to be stationed at Farako-Bl

Notes:(1) Percentages (in parentheses) indicate proportion of the researcher's time spent on the program concerned(2) CP - Chef de Prograume (Program Coordinator)(3) CS - Chef de Station (Station Manager)

II!

BURKINA FASOAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

INERA Professional Staff Position by Program(December 1986)

TABLE 2 - PROGRAMEs ESFIMA

YEAR OF QUALIFICATION SPECIALIZATION RENARKSslmn

1978 DEA soil sclentist (fert.) Chef de Progri_(Farako-Ba)

1979 DEA soil sclentist (fert.) paid by fertilizerproject (Kamboneis)

1980 Ing. Agronome agronomist CS (DI)1981 IDR agrometeor. /lirrig. (Farako-Bi)1982 DEA soil scientist (Saris)1983 IDR soil scientist (fert.) paid by fertilizer project

(Sarla)1985 IDR soil physicist (Saria)1985 IDR agronomist(8orghlml 732 (Farako-31)

silletIbreeder)1986 I de Tech. DR agronomist paid by fertilizer

(fertilizer) project (Kamboinse)1986 tsoil scientist paid by fertilizer

(fertilizer) project (Saris)1982 DEU soil scientist CP Maraichires; 252

(Farako-B;)1979 Doct. 3; cycle microbiologist CS Sarial 252

Present headquarter.s Farako-B;Future headquarters Sari&

'U

BURKINA FASOAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

INERA Professional Staff Position by Progrm(December 1986)

TABUL 3 - PROCRAIUE: PRODUCTION ANIHALES

YEAR OF QUALIFICATION SPECIALIZATION EMARKSmTY

1978 Doet. 3e cycle ag. economist Chef de Prograe a.i.(Ouagadougou)

1981 IDRIE agrostologist (Farako-Bi)

1982 Doct. 3e cycle biochemist (Faraka-B;)

1985 IDRIE zootechnician (KUbo@inse)

1985 Doet. Vet. veterinarian CS (Katchari) stationedat Kamboins; and to berelocated to KatchariIn PY 4

1986 IDR/E xootechnician (Farako-Ba)

Present headquarters: Siege (Ouagadougou)Future headquarters: Katchari (year 4)

BURKDa FASOAGRICULTtURAL hESEAMC R.C

DIM P tonal Stff Positio PbNga

TALE 4 - PROGRAMME: SoMA

YEAR OF QUALIFICATION SPECIALIZATION REMARKS

1975 Ph. D. brooder (sorghum) Chef do Programme

1977 Doct. 3e cycle phytopathologist 252 (Farako-Bi)

1978 Doct. 3e cycle phytopathologist 751 (Kamboisse)

1978 DEA breeder (-Asia) (Kambolsse)

1979 Doct. 3e cycle breeder (millet) (Kamboinse)

1980 Doct. 3e cycle entomologist 501 (Rombol1sc)

1981 Doct. 3e cycle entomologist (Farako-Bi)

1983 IDR breeder (mlle t) (Sar ia

1985 Doct. d'Etat virologlst 752 (mbo mns-)

1986 IDR breeder (sise.) (Fars4.Ba)

1986 t phytopathologlst (Far k B;)

Present headquarterss Farako-BiFuture headquarter.: Farako-Bi, with second unit at Ksmboinza i

BURIKINA FASOAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

Ill Profssional Staff Position by Prgram(December 1986)

TABLS 5 - PROGRA:

YSAR OF QUALMIFCATION SPCIALZATIOlI SRiS

1971 Doct. 3e cycle breeder (peanut) Chef de Programme(Kamboinsi)

1976 B. Sc. agronomst CS (Niavngloko)

1977 M. Sc. breeder (coupea) CS (KeWboiun;)

1978 Doct. 3- cycle phytopatbologist 25S (Kmmboinsb )

1979 Doct. 3c cycle microbiologist CS (Sa*1 )

1979 M. Sc. breader (peanut) not identified inprogrm "1ft

1980 Doct. 3- cyle entomologist 50S (Kmboius;)

1985 Doct. d'Etat Virologist 252 (Kambolns;)

1986 I breeder (peanut) (Farako-3i)

1986 1 entomologist (Kamboius0)

Present beadquarterss temboinsiFuture headquarters: Rouare (as of third yoar), with second unit at gamboinsi

El

BUtKIKlA FASOAGRICULTURL RSEARCH PROJECT

IER Profesional Staff Position by Program(Decmbor 1986)

TABLE 6 PROGRA_ i CULTURES MRAICIES

YEAR OF QUALIFICATION onBCIALIZA?IN1

1982 DPE soil scientist (fart.) Chef do Progra_m(Farako-B)

1982 IDP 4rroacmLt Cs zoua1252)(Kmubo=4

1982 DUE agronomst (arako-3)

1980 Woet. 3e cycle grosst CS T?eako-31 (SO)

Present Ir FParako-BFtture headquartoers Di

BUmKINA FASOAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

Il BR Professioal Staff Positioa by Program(December 1986)

TABLE 7 - PROGRA: JIZ

YEAR OF QOALFICATIOU SPBCIALZATON 8ICMI

1977 Doct. 3; cycle phytopathologist S02 (Farcao-si)

1980 Ing. Agron. bredr (rice) Chef de Progrm,(Frarako-Bi)

1982 IDR agron=mist (sed prod.) (Farako-lB)

1985 in entomlogist (Farako-la)

1978 DEA coil scientist (fort.) (Farako-B)

Present heaquarterst Farako-B3Future headquarterss Farako-la

3!

BURKIKA PASOAGRICULTURAL REISERC PIOJECT

IZM Professional Staff Position by Program(December 1986)

TABLE 8 - POGRAUK: COTO=

TElRf quIFICATion SPCCIAU&TIO CIMZ^I

1972 Weot. 30 Cycle ag. ecomit Chf .d rgr(Fareko-R")

1982 I. d Tech. DRl entlogot (Pardlo;)

1983 I. de Tech. DR breeder (cotton) (Farako-U)

1985 IDR .grnomst 252 (Yazokl;)

Present headquarterss Farako-B&1uture headquarters: 1arako-B;

I!1

- 56 -

ANNE 2Table 9

AGRICI)URAL RESEARCH PROJECT

TABLE 9 - EXPATRIATE REEAR STAFF BY PROIAM

-c 10b6)

SPECIAUZATION MM gym _A ITONI EFFECT! I TIE

1. Forming Systms ArSo. lt CIRAD RSP/Cotton Kamboina 192. Agricultural Ecommist SAFORAD RSP Kwnboln*6 19S. Animal Production SAFORAD RSP KmmboltA 1964. Pedology SAPONtD RSP Kambolnet 196S. Agrlcultural Eonomlot SAFOWRA RSP Farako-BI lDO6. Agronomlit (Soils) elRmD RSP/Cotton Far ko- 1OO7. Agronomist CIAD RIP/ESpFiA FarakoIB 1866. Irurgatlon Engineer FA0 1/ EIFIM Fhrako-BI 18610. Soll f rtlity ChAD ESPMA Slar 2isle. Anliml Production ChAD Animal Producilon Sarut 25x11. Phytopathologist (leatrust) CIRAD Oilseed Crop Farako-Si (Niangoloko) 196S12. Agrono mlt ChAD 01 Ieod Crop Kamboln s i018. Msize breeder ChEAP CreIas f rako-SI loS14. Sorghum breeder CIRED Ceroelo Soria 186515. Vegetable breeder CADP Vegetable/Frult Crope Farako-SI -

18. Cotton breder CDRUD Cotton Fnrako-UI low17. Eeology FAC 2REET Ousgadouoou 19618. Forestry CDeAP INSET Ouagadougou 19619. Forestry ChEAP INIET Ouagadougou 100X

j./ Continuation of position (I.e. of CERC2 progrm) still under consideortlon In December 1986

- 57 -

BURXNA PASO

AGRICULTURAL REARCH ROJECT

IRBIT Professional Staff by Program(D,cember 1986)

YTAR OF QUALIFICATION SPECIALIZATIO N RIMAISENTRY

1969 DU& Botanist1976 1EA OrnAthologist1976 Doct. 3" cycle scologist1979 Ph. D. Ecologist Director1979 MaWtriso Zoologist1981 Doct. 3; cycle iydrobiologist1983 K;trise Entomologist1986 Ing. Trvx Jorestry scientist1986 IDR/S Anjmal bubandry

- 58 -

AN=E 4

IURKINA FASOAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

IERA Funding by Source of Funds (1980-1985)(CFAF 103)

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985

Government */Counterpartfund fors

IRAT 60,200 77,300 95,350 98,760 88,242 88,240IRCT 27,335 33,550 37,400 37,396 33,391 33,3911R5O 26,800 30,100 35,650 - 30,714 30,714CERCI 31,790 27,300 34,t50 35,000 35,250 35,000Others 0 0 0 0 0 23,000

Subtotal 146.125 168.250 203.150 171.156 187.596 210.34S(Government)Franc.

IRAT 112,300 134,750 158,500 184,100 199,250IRCT 28,000 34,500 47,000 58,8S0 63,250 (NIA)11O 28,000 31,700 36,150 - 40*420

Subtotal 168.300 200.950 241.650 242.950 302.920Franec

C BCI 244,252 217,210 308,568 230,339 ki 222,373 cl 279,033 di

ISAU/FED - - 1,710 7,324 10,451 12,873

IFAD - - - - - 96,444

Subtotal 412.552 418.160 551.928 480.613 535.744(Foreign)

TOTAL 558.677 586.410 755.078 .651.769 723.340

Sources INERA, December 1986at excluding civil servants' salaries.kl converted to CFAF at CFAF 3811US$.cl converted to CFAF at CFAJ 4371US$.di converted to CFAF at CFAF 450/US$.

- 59 -

ANNDX S

BURKINA PASOAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

INERA

Capital snd Recurrent Budgets for Agricultural Research (1986)(CPA? 106)

Capital expendituresGovernment 50 a/CIRADIIRAT 4 k'CIRAD technical assistance 300 elCERCI 155 diIhAD 77 41

Total 586

Recurrent exanditureGovernment recurrent budget 199 e1Government civil servants salaries 167 f/CIRAD 67CERCI 157 gIIhAD 32 1INSAID 70Others 13

Total 705

GRAND TOTAL 1.291

8/ equipment and construction.b/ vehicles.c/ assuming that the costs of technical assistance remained the same as in

1984 (1985 data not available).d1 expatriate salaries, equipment, vehicles and training, converted from

US dollars to CPAF at an exchange rate of CFAF 3451US$.el including salaries for contractual permanent personnel.f/ estimated, based on 53 researchers at an average annual salary of

CFAF 2.4 million per person and 40 others at an average annual salaryof CPAF 1 million.

gI convorted from US dollars to CPA? at an exchange rate of CFAF 345lUSS.

- 60 -

BURKINA PASOAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

Capital and Recurrent Budgets for Forestry Research (1986)(CFAF 106)

Ecosystem Ecosystem Forestry TotalResearch Management Research

Capital expenditures -= civil works, vehicles 0.7 8.9 3.5 13.1and equipment

= technical asslstanceand trainig 16.0 30.1 57.0 103.1

subtotal 16.7 39.0 60S5 116.2

Recurrent expenditures- personnel 25.0 7.3 9.4 41.7- others 4.3 7.2 9.6 21.1

subtotal 29.3 14.5 19.0 62.8

TOTAL 46.0 53.5 79.5 179.0

Source of financing-GoverAment a/ 30.0 2.4 27.0 59.4-UNSO - 27.1 - 27.1-FAC bI 16.0 24.0 - 40.0-CIRAD (CTFT) el - - 52.5 52.5

a/ operating budget 1986: 5 million CFAF*sti=ated salaries paid byGove nmentI 27.4 million

counterpart (Government) funds managed by CTFTs 27 million CFAF

hi estimated cost of French technicalassistance.

{/ estlm.ted French counterpart fundsfor forestry research by CTFT.

.. __ .___............ _........ .......... ........... ........... .........

1I10 P"out C "u b 9 1w 0 1 " 06 's ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 5 tuas 150 Is un m .00

Iau Simi s.43 4K5.199 I 405 ton U tk. ito t 01o.1 6I124r,uuw-aa tm ts a lit I93 t5 i ssi 102.412 "5.46 t2 14S

u"s g.m sos. its assO sue. .aur mS:. In t.awVItlI11 t114.435 43.361 45. 1` I in 45. 40 314.810 tn0o

of IL 1it 145.15 41.215 a,., 45.us ULM I.3ORoom 23.101 117.0ft 1015,= 926 3525 32n1 1241utalmia 14,911 - 24 to MO02 tatu n a a

5- -ete I 131t 23 3.4 U4513 1f.6 43a4 4 4S 150tL 1511 22. 15 00.255 M5M St.505 113,20 355.441 1.

r.t.t sasum r. - .. .irs. 1 _.. _.. _ au....... .i .u.. _Total WttiltO lt¢0 .tZ 0 INIST11 ,"1 1,W *.ULMtS lXt9

Phniyai tatimprein IL3.3 4.04? 3302 2I.25 144 124.111 41*pu-to Cwttomgpil 31.2'I t 56 I* 52 1.2 115tl2l 4*1.S43 1.510

aauus.uuua agaumes.*u. u suu. ... ...n .... ........_ . ....... s... ftoslgp luom 36553 54 4 .501101 463,614 315.30 2.#lT31. 5."1I

......... ............ . . ...... _... ... .... - .- .............. .

Iy 1, toltt nuta

0I

- 62 -

FEhE

Prolects Cost b6 Pro.t.. W Y...

(cPAP 10)

PMz - Somiltl ce C J !/ Y n r

RV 19.6 70. a.0 110.9 U.8 468.8ESFIMA 73.6 IS.8 00.1 n2.9 02.8 416.4Comal 44.0 $8.2 64. 67.2 50.8 172.501 _sed Crop. 84. 14.9 87.1 41.4 19.0 153.2cetteon 4.2 14.2 21.9 17.3 25.9 143.6Rice 0.8 0.2 21.8 11.0 5.5 19.8Voeebble & Frulit 2.0 6.4 28.2 22.1 10.6 78.1Aeleel Producilon 44.6 40.0 - 21.2 5.5 110.5

Sub-Total Program. 4.1 "11.0 2.0 807.4 8M5.9 1,696.1

O3ered Cost kl 1,J2.4 790.0 073.4 406.4 101. 8,14.4

Total Be" Co 1,07.5 I,". 1,m. 384.0 511.0 4,89t6

Phbyslal Cootimge.cl.e 19.0 4t.0 35. 22: 1.0 125.0Price Contln_1i. $11.0 82.0 117.0 1 I0 111.0 471.0

Total Pojctb Costd 1,427.0 1,21.9 1,119.0 1,916.0 018. 6,456.0

2.1 Pcogr.m-spcl4ic vehicls, tlehatoel m ce, bloost persoeel, and VbIecl/r.e.rch oprating cost.

k AllI otmer cosote which a not prom spcfic, such *"n eivil works, qulpmet, furnltur, trining un

spTAOSeptme 1367

Sinsp loasuas by lowIpta p060

ma ~ ~ ~ | tu* me mi un i.. .. a.,8.,s.g.agea..aa 88m3138880 8888883883 sum. . . . ..... . . ......... ...

1. I0n31 c1t3

*. ............

It -I 31I tiA310019311 1.130 30501 34343 1s1il6 314603 21.0 101.216"th0sI * W2. an 41.33 MM 3. 42 LO 41.36

.t 6131 641111t l 6.8O 4.6" 31 tI141 133 0.611 11. 14L6

i1311 miet01 133114M 164 334 m41 Mn - 1.1 17.3 '11.13t1*1.t. 1451051 11.0 "It. 11 3016 33.164 641, 811.3 n.o 1.6 144

911111141 lUWAVA 7. M .636 30.66M 1,631 M MM16 16. 31.1134

_ ,,*, ~~~~~~~~~~~~..... ..... ..........

.- Tletal USII31II "1 243

asmaucgt 16341a M131 3.44 21 3 13336 M .33 .33 2112.in 11.6 4LO443

~~~~~~~~~~~...... ...... ... . --.-----

-tWlttSI 314ttt411 I4S t43.50 33.1 tSt 200,41 M .6 6O4

103163163 13331331113331 24. 113 15.133 5,438 413 316 9m.343 22,0 3t m7.1 131.13

6. 11931 ~~~~~~~ ~~47.3M36 111 4M 37 4. 3 13.1361 11.6 361,110

..... ..... ...... .......... _ . _... . .. ....... _.............. ..... .

ptet el 13 3 A ISt .i4t01 6"1. M I3t M 1,3 U 31641M M.130.3 .1 W.3

FOISS.t I -ivssvl 2tJ. SLSI D.U -U 5ta7tZ.43 2 SIA 215.

RlmI 1 mm 336.01 3 t10 11.13 M431 - I4.44100.0 0234a#e

........................ .............................. _ . _. --- -- _._ ------....

Pib SSUtal "Milo UII3CUIII012 13123 31614 32L.33 1.2131 133.331 0.0 0 3

6 13*3K IIFI6IIIU 1113 11.1 331 0.6 0.1136 1 4134036 11.8 333.3

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. ........ ............ .

to.a CO1 3 STS1311P1333 161 3.m 4.3 311 3.3. "36. 313 434 203,360

3. 16311 21.633~~~~~I oi $11.63 11.33 2133 13.6303 3*311 11.0 3013

ttasl 1 toiu 23t1tt 40 14.331 32481 31.H11 34.34 m.33. 2.6 3n6

W;;.... ;;... ;...... .......... ..- 4. ....... ...... . . ... ... _0

Total 81111 Pmis3.1341 t.01.60 301113 364.1 133.33.0 4 I.36.8 121to 1.

Peltons w 33quse1. f 31.83 62.9633 t 43661 313O6 M 30ML1 413.438 1I.# 31.46 I* rts64 as 3.411. 333 3.'23 316s? ST .t .4 1. 3 13 3113 4146N 434 3 . . t0.33

Uw 3ga 1.p 6.643 214.114 10. 30? 46T.114 i3t.100 2.61.I63 0.0 10.

l SI. 3631 1523

~~~~~~~~~.. ;: .. ;.................. ........ .... ... .. . ......

l Olllslt CotsilnStt t$ .t tff,4 SOL 319.25n.2e SnI.I I. .618 MS 35 efToAZtal ,ui CUS.3.8,41 .,,,412,l.,0,,,,t9.tt!_.73 KS1 tSII, 4.8L ItS .".8 ",X*tetol tOti PM% mml tff.6" u1.on KI U,t I,2M $9. XSB.3

ftt Can2t *rem" St.t3 SLO fIS SS 11 -M t 411.4 W noL

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1.......... .. . ..... ........ .... -----

ttlP ttttT MIa I.M884tt1g0". ^" a a.016 ." M M511 4a"4 %rXBIo

ftNttS Inm4 149,643tAt S4LIS4 n.X. lff 4t&61 Moam te t 0w l.= tt.0 tX.W,tW .. f,2B------------------- -ts -E ------illllt -t " -- - --A - -t ------------- -" -t -tx -------- -

otlZ *8*| " -|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s'sF N*ess .. ss*ssss $"O St* 809 *a*s.ms ag$ses *-$sssusts

S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~j ---- Ojzj- e e it VW1 t t'llb M'PA t Olt so-GPzv s"av~~~~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ a tgo t nz 9st Au log o ot Us lu -1-rOA 1 1"q

IIt n 5i 1 63 0665 01+s 1560 ursqm I Ws ee t 33S1303 hlNUil I61a t 1 ta at 115 011S m101 AU uut :sola m.;a'1 a 11 3 m*ld1__,_ __...... _____ ______ ____ ______ .......... .. __j -- ______ ------ ______---9 a t o A n Us> u s 10 911 o 0n 1 o et lio n. .8 I8S m 111 so 1 us its us6101 *1016 C6IO t 3131131 5W131 2IMIU03 101 ta I

I us I*1t 01 6IV AIP 00l0ct 119.S5 SLNIMIU1OUUlUU I 3 sd 1 I

o CT- U t5 - tu 6U'm -36 It" "5 n 111 @ 5 101S.... ...... ... ... . ___.... _._ ..... .......... _ .......... _... __._....

is W's . 'Wis - WM6 13t310 -WM01 lIinmU1d* * n6 * 36 n e u1 - sn0015 USUUSSoUIO 1520 1IUSGSS

0 let$ us nlvmssmi imi~~~~~~~~~~~~13 13113O1333I

01 1 U1 UIt Is O t 19 1s10t "1CU "alms 0145l0 Ilixl0 11613 1

.- -- -.-- ........ ---- .............. .... ....... .. .. . -.-. . ... £ 06 001.6~o Is I *I on 13 I"5 01001 1051 Ws US*@1.91

5 0t 1 1* 100 - 61011 610116 - 1 11115 10316 U 111 011GU *J 30111 0631 101 1311 111 Osam

V St u us's 40111 us In'tt MV011 ciltt uPIO nel "ISw tn s

* * I as ou n "W no Dii.4 66 uSI 0l1 on 1511111u 0l m00M 511 365t 3 n31o1t1u 11w60sm

wimumm 3113s 1I 56 Awl a Oulu0 06Is 51 111111101S I01-P5

* 06 00 * 5 1t 31 8 0aol M 1111 153tla wlow

1 61 063 0* U ICO31 6651 05a1t I "I'mCS u IUlDS3iI

* 61 SR 006 11 SAlSo 011,1 1 M 1131 n133 U1UUin30

u 06 0'65 $58 PSI 0611 ff15 611 53253 1" 63 c a601 010 *1 613115 015101 3 13 13Mm13 1 U 16o1-

6 11 013 65 015~~~l 110CW 36511 I630 1WIUUSI151 11 OP~~a M0 IN1 M"11 1m1u 311001 332I35 11 US 666 010 1015 u650ol An, u l sala h

5 13* 195 1l

_q *d S --- '--- _.__,__,_

- W -11

3 8 8 X

~- .D- _ oo_ _ _ __ _ _

§u~~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ___U___ __U ___

,t 'I =_I :,'0g 1 4|:- 444 1ii i

28 1-1" |~ 41 44l

S]2 - - 4 g 4

wt~' __________________________________iIII~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

- 66 -

TPble 1

AscLT slm E CT

TAKE 1 - TCNA g =

POECT Er TOTALU

mu E1 LI LIE El LYE NM U1.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .mom _

1. Meugseatpolllet M 1 1 1 - S(DA directorste)

t. Sr.Preoj.c E"|_r (BAT) MM 12 9 a 8 * 2.5 (a)S. n1assommatCorvtea.l.. w 0 9 6 4 * 54. Rear.h PreframlMgI K - - 0 _ S 16S. Plas Mmam W 4 a 2 1 1 6. Solar berw Cou it 1 - - - 17. RVP MY 1 1 1 - -S. ESfMD w 1 1 - - - 2S. 6FDM -Aoricaltrel Me1bloory NM - 4 4 4 4 1

.Somu mu 4 2 2 2 2 it:1.SO IA/Rlc M - 4 2 2 2 1

- Poet Nerve" Tern loit. Alae Prodw*lo1 MY 1 1 - - - 21s. Lob./SIeaifloe £u01e 11 2 - - - -14. SdProdutio - - - -i6. IT-nto M - 1 1 1 -16.11357 111 - - - 1 1 2

TOTALS 15.S V (44 1f) 57 V

, Itevabloeal rreseAh epecellste, participatog n perpeleodi la-depth rovIew of the natIlonlresarc programs and of the lndlvldul program.

V Lone-term teohnloal aesiteses - oootlnuone.3/ Coa.leales nd stue.

.URKDiA PASOAnicultuara Researclch P*roJct

TMULE 2 - MERA STAFF PROJECTIOIS - Rsrarbcher /

breftesstZ RSV ESFIMA An. Prod. Cereals O Is _og Y s./Frolt tioe

Fa rekbi G,765-,76 1+1,5-4.1,5 2.1-8.1 a - a 8.1441,5 14,5-14,5 1.1,26-1.1,26 2.1,S-2-2,0

KoGa6 0 - O,C O - * 0 - 1 -0 O -5 0-2 0-s,5 *-0

Di 0,5-,5 - 0 5,5-1,5 5 - a 0 -s a - I -o

Saria O,W,t 0 - 0 4 - - 1 - 2 8,s-0,5 0 - - 0

Katcb rl *,5W,6 a - 0 0- ,'-1,5 I-5 *-s s-s s-s "

Komboles 5,.-4,5 8 - 5 2 - 1 2,26.2,25 2*2-2.2 2.1,5-2*1,S 1 - * - S

TOTAL - 4.1,ii-51,5 5l1,5-11+1,5 6*10,2540,25 0-+.8,6 8*2,5-5+2,5 11,76-2.1,75 2*1,5-2*2

.5 .8 +1 .1,5 I2 *1 *,$

Nets For Year 0: lot fiure represent _mber at offul 1-ti r_,esearhr,2nd ftire represents thb sm total et pert-time rsarebrs:For exmples 1.1.5 - I re_arebr (tall-tl_) * r pert-ti. remarnhre ho combled time adds up to 1.5 f1ll-tim ressrchstS

For Year 5s Same presi_ttlon for Srd sa 4th figure.

;, HsndqurtsCstet tff ot Included.V Timo spet on managment by Progrm Coordinators and Station ilueg.

t41

Agelrulturl Smer.b Pretet

TALS 3- DM STAFF PRFJECTn - smreb Fitld metd_s

_m.wmssA RV ES UA An. Pld. C_elo 01 led V.lp. it nIc1- 6 t -5 6 - I 0 - t O - S 0 - S a - I a - C

Fan&o-O T 4 -4 - S *- 4 - 2 1- 2- 2 1- 4 50 6 1 a 0 0 1

Komr6 T 1-2 * - * *--2 I - a O - I I -8 I "1 * -

0 1 4

Di T O-I 2 - * O-f 2 -2 O- 1 - O O- 2-10 2 1 2

Seil* T 2 -2 * 2 - 5 0 - * 1-8 O - I - * * -

0 2 2

Doti t - O I - 0 O - I I _ _ - I - I I - I0

KItboai T 2-2 4- 8- I - -2 - - -

0 4 2

TOTAL T 0- 12 4- 1 3- 12 4 - 2- 9 2- * 1-6 4 0

lncr_emteleTcelccIaat. .8 *12 .4 .1 .7 .0 . .2Obeerwateurs +.1 4 .1 +4 *2 *2

T a teseslces, 0 a obeervateer.

Co%EIl

- 69 -

Annex 11Table 4

BURKINA FASOAgricultural Research ProGect

Table 4 - PHASING OF INCREMENTAL LOCAL HIGHER LEVEL STAFF

INERA: Directorate YR 1 YR 2 YR 3 YR 4 YR 5Accountant 1 1 1 1 1Personnel Officer 1 1 1 1 1Material Resources Officer 1 1 1 1 1Documentalist (Librarian) 1 1 1 1 1

IRET: HeadquartersForestry Specialist I/ - 1 1 1 1Agroforestry Specialist (ESFImA) 1 1 1 1 1

INERA: Stations1. Farako-Ba

Post-harvest Technologist(SOMIA) - - 0.5 0.5 0.5Agroeconomist (RSP) 1 1 1 1 1Farming Systems Agronomist (RSP) - 1 1 1 1Livestock Production Specialist (RSP) - - 1 1 1Agricultural Mechanization(ESFIIM) - - 1 1Post-harvest Technologist (Rice) - - 0.5 0.5 0.5

2. SariaAgricultural Mechanization(ESPIMA) - - 1 1 1Plant Protectior Sorghum(SOMIMA) 1 1 1 1 1

3. KamboinsdAgronomist (RSP) 1 1 1 1 1Farming System Agronomist (RSP) 1 1 1 1 1Ollseed Crop Breeder 2/ 1 1 - - -Oilseed Crop Agronomist 2/ 1 1 - - -

4. DiRural Engineer-Irrigation (ESFIMA) - - 1 1 1Plant Protection (Vegetable Crops) - - 1 1 1

5. Kouar6Oilseed Crop Breeder 3/ - - 1 1 1Oilseed Crop Agronomist 3/ - - 1 1 1

6. KatchartLivestock Production Specialist - - - 1 1

1/ Newly recruited Burkinab6 Forester would work with and be trained by theinternationally recruited Symbiotic System specialist, who will be hired for3 years, as of year 2.

2/ Researchers would be located at Kouar6 as of year 3, upon completion ofhousing construction.

3/ Transferred from Kamboins9 (see footnote 2)

SUIKIA FASOACRICULTUIRL REAC PROJECT

GOVI4NEN POJCT RELLTD CASH LOW */

(UnIt ctl I Ion CFAF)

PnO PYl PYm pTs PY4 PYS Pm-29 PY u PY21-1967 1986 1969 1990 1991 1992 1996

DA Crdit as 10 1262 121S 14 an - - -

AppI Icatlon/Oul*leeProject Nab c11t Co iS lU= 1z2 1266 1200 .6o 10U 5 5

Debb Sevice IDAComitment Chrge. andService Charge. O - 81 o 87 41 44 42 40 1*

Prtnelpel P.1.nm - - - - - - - 5? 170

Tot I Applicatbe. Su 1J 1320 1297 1134 09 662 637 729

Surplus (D eleib) (60) (56) (62) (94) (10) (g62) (637) (729)

*/ In eurrent torms throughot the proJact, thereafter, n cstnt 1eI2 torm.b/ From 1998 on rd r current *xpenditure plus aortilzation of vhiclel over B yers, trucks over 6 years od meorctles over 2 years.c/ Stanrd IDA terms. d/ Average, over 30 ytre.

- 71 -

ASX 18

Aoricultuuat Rsearch Proloct

Estiated Shedue of Dibumonts

Fiscal YVer/Sq oster pDhburement Cumulatlve Wet Africa(onding on dates shohn) _itr sutu vl Dl*bureemet Agricultural Project

(M^( N) tProfl sI

FY 1988June 0, 19961 0 6

D eember 8,s iI k 2. S/ 2.5 14 0June s, 1989 2.0 4.5 2S 2

PY 199JDecember J#1989 1.5 6.1 88 6June 8, 199 1.4 7.4 41 12

December 81. 1990 1.8 6.7 49 19June s, 19i1 1.8 11.0 56 27

FT 1992Deoembr S1, 1991 1.5 11.5 64 36June Mt 1992 1.5 18.0 78 45

,> 19-0$

December U 1992 1.6 14.0 70 56June , 199 1.2 15.2 96 64

FT 1994D ecseer 81, 199S 6.9 16.1 9o 72June 80, 1994 0.5 16.6 98 79

FY 1Wz

Docbr U81, 1994 0.4 17.0 96 S$June80, 1995 9.8 17.8 96 9

_c er si, 19#5 0.2 17.5 98 95June , 199 0.2 17.7 99 so

FY 1997Deember 81, 19# 0.2 17.9 1J UJ0

!/ Expected dteo of Board Preontalons April 19, 196k/ Expected dteU of Credit Effectivennes September , 1988

/ Includes refimeacing of PPF (US1.6 II Ion) &n initial deposit Into Rolving Account0370s

- 72 -

ANNME 14Page 2.

BURKINA FASOAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT

Terms of Reference for Xe Technical Assistance Staff

A. Management Advisor

Responsibilities

1. During the three years of his assignment (beginning in year 1 of theproject) the specialist would assist the Director of INERA in theexecution of his overall functions, especially with regard to

management of the institution.2. Assist and advise the Heads of the Research Division and of the

Resources Division of INERA in the execution and coordination of theirmanagerial tasks.

3. Act as advisor to the Program Coordinators in the formulation of theirresearch programs and the objectives to be achieved.

4. Draft detailed torms of reference for technical assistance specialistsand consultancies funded through the project.

5. Act as coordinator of and advisor to other technical assistance hiredunder the project.

Qualifications and Experience

- a higher degree (Ph.D., or M.Sc with long oxperience) Inagricultural science;

- a minimum of 7 years of experience in research management;familiarity with West-african conditions deslrable;

- familiarity with international agricultural research programse- good working knowledge of the French language (both spoken and

written) is essential.

B. Sonior Prolect Enftineer

General responsibilities: planning, coordinating and evaluatingimplementation of the construction project, and planning the equipmentmaintenance systems.

Responsibilities

1. The Senior Project Engineer, as Head of the Technical Support Unit,("Bureau d'Appui Technique') under the supervision of the Director of NERAand in close collaboration with national and regional authorities, researchstation managers, enterprises, suppliers, artisans and transporters, will:

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ANNEX 14Page 2

(1) plan the overall execution of the investment project on behalf ofINEM and prepare Implementation programs supported by eat mstedbudgets;

(iL) forecast needs and ensure that the necessary human, technical,professional, material and financial resources are availablewhere and when needed;

(Lit) direct, monitor and generally supervise the duties of delegatedstaff, as well as all activities related to investigationssurveys and inventories, topographic surveys, building andequipment lists, architectural programs and space scheduling,preparation of preliminary schemes obtaining the necessaryapprovals and clearances of the appropriate authorities and theWorld Bank, pre-qualifications, bid invitation, bid reception,opening and analysis, recommendations for contract awards. Hewill also be rosponsible for overseeing the supervision of thevorks and delivery and safe hand-over of the headquartersbuildings for INERA and IRBET and the construction works at theresearch stations and their installation, all in accordance withagreed schedules, standards and contract documents;

(iv) oversee in particular the logistics of construction materials,furniture and equipment, both fixed and mobile, and correspondingdocumentation.

(v) maintain an up-to-date accounting of the construction project andof equipment and materials;

(vi) contribute to the overall management of the project by submittingquarterly reports on progress In civil works construction andpurchase of equipment, including a financial update andprojections, in a format designed to fit into the periodicreports of the Director of INERA.

2, For the worksites included in the projoct, the Senior Project Engineerwills

(i) foresee logistical or technical problems end advise thel$plementers -- architect, engineer, enterprise, supplier -- howto resolve these problems In a t$mely manner in order to avoiddolays In carried out work;

(ii) ensure the flow of supplies to the worksites, oversee anyday-work or direct labor works, and coordinate activities Ingeneral;

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ANNEX 14Page 3

(iiI) establish a system of daily logbooks of the worksites; Identifyparticular infrastructuro works requiring extension or repair toIndividual sites or sections, workshops, roads and variousnetworks; decide on supply strategies; make needed revisions andmodifications; certify works for payment; and makerecommendations on the hand-over of completed works;

(iv) establish a system for regular maintenance of infrastructure andequipment.

3. Responsibility for procurement of all project vehicles, equipment andmaterials, Including preparation of tender documents, evaluation of bids,etc.

4. Through on-the-job training, prepare local counterpart staff fortaking over, prior to project completion, full responsibility for routineprocurement and maintenance of INERA's facilities, furnishings, equipment,tools and rolling stock.

Qualifications and Exe rience

- background in civil engineering or architecture;

- at least 5 years' experience in project management in rural areasof Francophone Africa;

- abilitity to remain for variable periods in rural areas, and toundertake field missions on a regular basis. Ability to takeitiativeos, organize work and coordinate work of assistants.

C. Architect

Responsibilities

1. The OArchitectO (or architectural firm), in close collaboration withthe Technical Support Unit of INERA (BATt Bureau d'Appui Technique), willestablish and manage a work program, using appropriate mothods (such as aPERT chart) for all planned activities included in the phases of design,bidding, construction and Installation under the project.

2. The "Archtect" will be responsible for the design and finalevaluation of construction works carried out In connection with a completedand operational project which is to include the following components:archtecture, engineering, equipping of sites, installation of water andpower (solar or otherwise), certification of works for periodic payments.

- 75 -

ANNEX 14Page 4

3. The 'Architect" will retain the services of a consulting firm and/oran Independent consultant judged qualified by INERA and the Bank, withexperience in the design of the following elements: Irrigation anddrainage systems, ditches, dikes, land preparation and feeder roads,photo-voltaic techniques, and the installation of wells, pumps andreservoirs. This consultant will be answerable to the "Architect' formatters related to the equipping of the research station and of INERA andIRBET headquarters. The 'Architect' will ensure that these foregoingservices are correctly reimbursed on the basis of actual costs for whichprior approval of INERA end the Bank will have been given. The 'Architect'will include in his fees a sum intended to cover services in connectionwith the coordination and management of said consultant services.

4. The "Archtect" will retain, at his own expense, the services of aconstruction engineer, a mochanical engineer and of othor qualifiedengineers as the need arises.

5. The "Architect' will produce master plans (1:500) and sketches of thebuildings (1:1200) planned for each of the research stations and for INERAand IRBET headquarters. The mater plans will show buildings, roads,fences, parking lots, existing distribution points for electricity andwater, etc., and will refer to all other characteristics connected to theplacement of construction elements and subsequent development. Inaddition, the works planned in the context of the present project will beidentified and included (on the same scale) on the same master plan.

6. Preliminary designs should be drawn up, including layouts on a scaleof 1t:10, as well as estimates, in accordance with detailed architecturalprograms supplied by the World Bank ("Descriptions des Travaux de 06ieCivil et Indications a l'Intention do l"Architecte"). Variations of morethan 1OZ In quantities or costs will requiro an explanation and appropriatejustification. The preliminary designs will be approved by INDIAIBAT andthe World Dank before the subsequent phases of project Implementation canproceed. An exhaustive description of the architectural works will beIncluded in the contract between the architect and INERA.

7. The *Architect" will establish a set of contract documents includingwork drawings (1:50) based on the agreed prellminary design. Thesedrawings will Include floorplans, facades, cross sections of buildings, andwill be accompanied by lists of technical specifications, bills ofquantities and other documentation required to invite bids In the form of apriced bill. Before a bidding invitation Is Issued, all documentsconnected with it will be submitted to INEIA/BAT end to the Bank forapproval.

- 76 -

ANNEX 14Page 5

8. Following the approval of the work drawings, the "Architect* will helpBAT/INERA to prepare the preselection dossiers for the local andInternational firms interested in submitting offers in connection with theparticular project. The preselection dossiers, as well as the preselectionprocedures, will have to be approved by INERA/BAT and the Bank. Once theresults of the preselection have been evaluated, the 'Architect" will makeappropriate recomendations to INERA/BAT and the Bank.

9. In collabbration with INERAIBAT, the "Architect' will assist in thefollowing areasa

(a) preselection of firms(b) bidding invitations(c) interpretation of contract documents(d) bid nalysis(a) recommendations prior to contract award (adjudication report)(f) contract award.

10. The "Arehiteet" will supervise construction works under the projectand will employ, If necessary, resident engineers who will live on the worksite.

11. The "Archtect" will verify the periodic requosts for paymentsubmitted by the firm and will issue certificates for payment.

12. He will Lssuoe any orders for variations which may arise In the marketduring the construction phase.

13. He will produce periodic progrcss reports as well as identifyobstacles likely to hinder the progress of works, In accordance with needsand the instructions of INERA concerning project reporting.

14. The "Architect" will carry out the final inspeetion of each contractand the hand-over of the works in accordance with the term and conditLonsof the contract documents.

D. Forestry Symbiotic SSystems Specialist

ResponsibilLties

The specialist will:

1. put the existing laboratory at MET headquarters Into operationand prepare a detailed list of additional equipmnt, as required;

2. initiate and devolop a research program on the improvement of theofficiency of tree symbiotic systems, both nitrogen-fixing andmycorrhizal (micro-organism collection and manipulation, troeclone selection, field trials);

- 77 -

ANNUC 14Pogo 6

3. provide on-the-job training for a young Burkinab& graduate,Identify his academic training needs at the end of his 3-yearswork experienco and assist hiSm In his further research workplanning

4. provide on-the-job training for two technicians, a laboratory andfield w.rker);

5. assist the Director of IRB1T ins

(i) planning of the future research program on tree symbioticSystem#

(it) improving IRBET's ̂tentific documentation In the fiolds ofhis specific skills.

QualificAgtions and Experience

- a university degree at the level of uDoctorat de Se cycle" or"Ph.D.;

- academic training in microbiology, eco-physiology and geneticuprovemont;

- laboratory ard field experience of at least 5 years.

E. Research Agronomlst (Cereals)

RebsonsibilLties

The speciallst, during an initial work visit of about 4 months'duration, and follow-up visits of up to 2 months during subsequent years,would ssist the SMOIMA Program Coordinator and his staff, In fonmulating,fiplementing and monitoring a national cereals resoarch program (sorghum,

millet and maize), with agreed, clearly defined objectives and prioritiesfor each of the sub-programs, and with clearly delineated roles of andworking relationships among subprograms; the national cereal and othernational research programs (epecially RSP and ESFIMA); and regional andinternational research networks and institutions (especially ICRISAT, SITAand CIHUT).

Qualifications and Experience

- a higher degree (Ph.D., or NSc with long experience) inagricultural science, with at least 7 years of cereal researchexperience In semi-arid regions (preferably, but not necessarilyin West Africa), and fully familiar with International cerealresearch programs and networks operating in Wost Africa;

- good working knowledge of the Prench language (both spoken andwritten) is essential.

- 78 -

ANNEX 14Page 7

F. ESFIMA Research Axronomist

Resionsibilities

It would be one of the first tasks of the ESFIH& team to selectfrom mong the wide range of environmental and natural resource issues andconstraints that face the farmers in the major production zones of thecountry, those that warrant priority attention and on that basis decide onthe most appropriate research strategy and methodology.

The respective roles of an relationships with theoammodity-oriented research programs; with the farming systems (RSP)program; and with extension staff would also be reviewed and furtherdefined.

The internationally recruited specialist, during a 2-yearassigrment, would provide guidance in this process, by assisting theProject Coordinator in the development of specific, short and medium-termobjectives for the ESFlI& research program, and assisting members of theteam In formulating their joint (interdisciplinary) and individual researchprograms and tasks. This would involve, inter alia, the formulationtogether with staff from RSP, of proposals for an applied research programdealing with tillage and mechanization, with emphasis on Improved handtools and the development of animal draught power. The specialist would,moreover, provide training to the Burkinabo research staff, andperiodically also to extension specialists, on research methodology and ontopical issues.

Qualifications and Exmerience

- a higher degree (MSc or higher) in agricultural science, withbroad experience in crop agronomy adn natural resourcemanagement, and at least 7 years of indopendent research in cropagronomy and/or natural resource management;

- thourough understanding and first-hand knowledge of semi-aridfarming and agro-ecological systems, preferably in Sub-saharanAfrica;

- good working knowledge of the French language (both spoken andwritten) is essential.

- 79 -

ANNEX 14Page 8

0. Airicultural Economist (RSP)

Responsibilities

The Specialist, during his three-year assigrment (beginning tinproject year 1) would assist the RSP Program Coordinator in the executionof his day-to-day responsibilities, i.e. (i) the formulation of short andmedium-term objectives and content of the research program; (ii) theinternal organization of the work program and its functional relationshipswith other research programs (including those carried out by internationalinstitutions), and with extension; (Iii) execution and monitoring of workprograms and studies; (iv) organizing training programs for extension staff(in collaboration with the Research-Extension Lialson Officer of INERA).

The specialist would be responsible also for assisting juniorstaff In the development and Implementation of their work programs, and hevwould conduct training seminars on farming system research methodology andtopical themes.

Qualifications and Experience

- higher degree (MSc or higher) in agricultural economics, or Inagricultural sciences with a minor in economics,

- thorough familiarity and experience of at least 5 years, withapplied research and farming systems research concepts andmethodology,

- good working knowledge of the French language (both spoken andwritten) is required.

H. Livestock Production Research Scientist

Responsibilities

1. The Specialist during his two-year assignment sa of year 1 of theproject, would assist the (Acting) Program Coordinator and the othermembers of the Animal Production program with the preparation, of acoherent livestock research program, for the short medium and long-term,dealing with species (both small and large livestock) and issues of agreoednational oconomic, socio-economic and technical priority. The proposalswould describe and reflect the government's policy for the livestocksubsector; would identify and address the major constraints faced byfarmers and pastoralists in the various livestock production systems_ wouldprovide cost estimates, research budget proposals, manpower projections andstaff training requirements and would be accompanied by specific proposalsfor the phased development of the country's animal production researchprogram, its organization and infr"structural requirements.

- 80 -

Annex 14Page 9

2. The specialist would provide guidance and on the-job training to3urkinabS researchers In the development of their vorkprograms.

Qualifications and lxwerience

- a higher degree (M$c or higher) in animal production, with broadexperience in animal production research and research anagement,

- thorough understanding and first hand knowledge of livestockproduction system and problems in semi-arid regions, preforablyIn Sub-saharan Africas,

- good working knowledge of the Freach language (both spoken andwritten) Is essential.

MAP SECTION

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MAUR1IAIIIA_ / ._ _ _ _ _ = . r , _ . 4 .M A L I I

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A CENTRE DE RECHERCIES AGRICOLES IT DE FORMATIION CITDES OSRGANUIOE RIGXNMAUX Of ElL OEAERT (OADCOT E 'IVO IR E E USTATION -__INTEW TONAL BOUNDARIrLES~~~. ~~~~SO/S -STATWIO FROTI AS (SEN TONAM

;EBRUARY 1987

-N-D