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MUMBAI

20TH JANUARY

2015

WORKSHOP SUMMARY REPORT

Program for Capacity Building in

Waste and Resource Management for

Professionals

Griffith University, Australia

Australia-India Council

Environmental Management Centre (EMC LLP),

Mumbai

PARTNERED BY:

SUPPORTED BY:

and

Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals

Mumbai, India

20th January 2015

Australia-India Council Grants Program 2014-15 Page i

WORKSHOP SUMMARY REPORT

PROGRAM FOR CAPACITY BUILDING IN WASTE AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR PROFESSIONALS

Jointly Organised by Environmental Management Centre (EMC LLP)

A-60 Royal Industrial Estate

4th Floor, Naigaon Cross Road, Wadala

Mumbai- 400031

and

Griffith University

170 Kessels Road

Nathan QLD 4111

Australia

Funded by

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT)

via

Australia India Council Grant Scheme

Held at

Bombay Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BCCI)

The Ruby, 4th Floor NW 29, Tulsi Pipe Road,

Senapati Bapat Marg, Kasaravadi, Dadar,

Mumbai, Maharashtra 400028

20th January 2015


Mumbai, India.

20th January 2015

Australia-India Council Grants Program 2014-15 Page ii

Table of Contents

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................................................... v

BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................................................................... 1

About Australia India Council Grants Program ........................................................................................................ 1

About Griffith University ................................................................................................................................................. 1

About Environmental Management Centre ............................................................................................................. 2

About the Program ........................................................................................................................................................ 2

About the Speakers ....................................................................................................................................................... 3

Dr. Sunil Herat ......................................................................................................................................................... 3

Dr. Prasad Modak .................................................................................................................................................. 4

Shantanu Roy ......................................................................................................................................................... 4

OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................... 6

PROGRAM FOR THE WORKSHOP ...................................................................................................................................... 7

PARTICIPANTS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 8

WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS ............................................................................................................................................... 9

Need for Improvements in Waste Management Education ................................................................................. 9

Project Description ......................................................................................................................................................... 9

Project Implementation .............................................................................................................................................. 10

Present Situation of Waste Education for Professionals and Practitioners in India ........................................... 10

Need for changes in approach towards waste management training ............................................................ 11

Description of the 5 Day Course for Professionals .................................................................................................. 13

Module1: Waste-to-Resource ............................................................................................................................ 13

Module 2: Waste Management........................................................................................................................ 15

Module 3: Waste Processing .............................................................................................................................. 15

Module 4: Enabling Waste Management Plans ............................................................................................ 16

Module 5: Regulations and Enabling Policies ................................................................................................. 17

Module 6: Financial Sustainability ..................................................................................................................... 18

Experience Sharing Sessions ....................................................................................................................................... 19


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Australia-India Council Grants Program 2014-15 Page iii

Experience Sharing: Ms. Apoorva Gadre ........................................................................................................ 20

Experience Sharing: Ms. Jyoti Mhapsekar ....................................................................................................... 21

Experience Sharing: Prof. Mona Iyer ................................................................................................................ 21

WORKING GROUPS ...................................................................................................................................................... 22

Group A ................................................................................................................................................................. 22

Group B ................................................................................................................................................................. 23

Group C ................................................................................................................................................................. 23

ANNEXURES ........................................................................................................................................................................ 26

ANNEXURE 1 .................................................................................................................................................................. 26


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Australia-India Council Grants Program 2014-15 Page iv

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Timeline of Actions in the EMC-GU program on Capacity Building on Waste to Resource

Management for Professionals ......................................................................................................................................... 3

Figure 2: Scenes from Workshop l..................................................................................................................................... 8

Figure 3: Some of the training providers in waste management and their areas of focus ................................. 10

Figure 4: Components of Integrated Sustainable Waste Management ................................................................ 12

Figure 5: Building Blocks of 5 day course for professionals ........................................................................................ 13

Figure 6: Waste dumping Sites around Goa- as cited by Ms. Gadre ...................................................................... 20

Figure 7: The cycle of waste processing by the SWM Cell, DoSTE, GoG ................................................................ 21

Figure 8: Group Photo of the Workshop Participants ................................................................................................. 25

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Program Details of the Workshop ..................................................................................................................... 7

Table 2: Module 1- Details ............................................................................................................................................... 13






Table 8: List of Participants at the Workshop with Contact Details .......................................................................... 26


Mumbai, India.

20th January 2015

Australia-India Council Grants Program 2014-15 Page v

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

3R Reduce Reuse Recycle

3RKH 3R Knowledge Hub

AIC Australia India Council

AIT Asian Institute of Technology

BCCI Bombay Chamber of Commerce and Industry

CC Climate Change

CDM Clean Development Mechanism

CEP Continuing Education Programs

CP Cleaner Production

DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia

EHS Environmental Health And Safety

EMC LLP Environmental Management Centre

GPNI Green Purchasing Network of India

GWMO Global Waste Management Outlook

IETC International Environmental Technology Centre

IL&FS Infrastructure Leasing and Finacial Services

MSW Municipal Solid Waste

SWM Solid Waste Management

UNCRD United Nations Centre for Regional Development

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme International Environmental Technology Centre

http://www.uncrd.or.jp/


Mumbai, India

20th January 2015

Australia-India Council Grants Program 2014-15 Page 1

BACKGROUND

The Program on Capacity Building for Waste to Resource Management has been devised under the

Australia-India Council Grants Program 2014-15. The year-long program is an initiative to improve the level

of education in waste management amongst professionals and students in India. The agencies responsible

for the implementation of the program are Environmental Management Centre LLP, Mumbai and Griffith

University, Australia. The program has been approved and funded by the Australia- India Council (AIC)

under their Grants Program, and has been funded by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT),

Australia.

This section provides a background of the organisations that has been involved in the program, the

program details and timeline of actions in a year. The section closes with a brief profile of the main

professionals involved in the program.

The first initiative under this program has been a two day workshop targeted at building a course on waste

and resource management for both practicing professionals and post-graduate students. This report covers

the proceedings of the capacity building program as developed for professionals. The workshop was held

at the Bombay Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BCCI), Dadar (W), Mumbai, on the 20th of January

2015.

About Australia India Council Grants Program

The Australia India Council aims at strengthening and development of the relationship between Australia

and India. The Council promotes and organizes a number of activities aimed at the promotion of a greater

awareness about India and Australia amongst the citizens of both of the countries. The Australia-India

Council funds proposals which further this main objective and helps in the development of relations

between two countries, including economic operations, community knowledge and understanding, public

awareness and take up important developments relevant to Australia-India relations.

In 2014-15, there have been 13 proposals that have been approved by the Australia-India Council Grants

Program. The proposals span over many areas of focus, including arts, culture, development and

knowledge sharing between the two countries. Visit http://goo.gl/57A8r5 to know more about AIC.

About Griffith University

Griffith University (GU) is one of Australia’s most innovative and dynamic public universities located in the

Brisbane-Gold Coast corridor. Griffith University offers degree programs in number of engineering disciplines

including environmental engineering which teaches how to develop innovative strategies and

technologies for a sustainable future through a strong interdisciplinary focus on formulating solutions to

environmental problems. Griffith leads the field in environmental and sustainable practices.

http://goo.gl/57A8r5


Mumbai, India.

20th January 2015


Griffith University’s (GU) waste management program has been highly regarded by the United Nations and

other international agencies. GU is the Regional Focal Point in the South Pacific of the UN Solving the E-

waste Problem (StEP) initiative. It is also the Sub-Regional Secretariat for Australia and New Zealand of the

United Nations International Partnership for Expanding Waste Management Services in Local Authorities

(IPLA) and a member of the United Nations Subsidiary Expert Group (SEG) of Regional 3R Forum for Asia

advising on E-waste. It also is an advisor on e-waste to Pacific hazardous waste management, an EU grant

managed by the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). Visit http://www.griffith.edu.au/

to know more about GU.

About Environmental Management Centre

Environmental Management Centre (EMC LLP) was established in 1996. EMC's consulting services are

essentially strategic, knowledge driven and supported through research and training. In all the consulting

assignments, EMC's expertise lies in harmonizing economic, environmental and social considerations (often

called triple bottom line) in the business logic, development plans and policy frameworks.

EMC LLP has been involved in consultancy for waste management and resource efficiency at both

international and national levels. EMC LLP’s core expertise includes preparation of status reports and

guidance manuals for integrated solid waste management, biomedical waste management, solid waste

management plans. EMC LLP also has an experience in capacity building for waste management and

knowledge dissemination, such as the development of a portal for 3R Knowledge Hub (3RKH) for Asian

Institute of Technology (AIT), Bangkok. It has regularly been on the panel of experts for various waste

related workshops and training programs. Currently, EMC LLP is also engaged in the authoring of a chapter

for the Global Waste Management Outlook (GWMO) published by the United Nations Environment

Programme International Environmental Technology Centre (UNEP IETC). Visit www.emcentre.com to know

more about EMC.

About the Program

The EMC-GU program on capacity building for waste and resource management has been planned for

professionals over the time period of a year in 2014-15. There are a number of activities that has been

planned for this time period. Figure 1 shows the major deliverables in the three workshops and the steps

that are to be taken in between and after the workshops.

http://www.griffith.edu.au/

http://www.emcentre.com/


Mumbai, India.

20th January 2015


Figure 1: Timeline of Actions in the EMC-GU program on Capacity Building on Waste to Resource

Management for Professionals

The first phase of the project was completed on the 20th of January 2015. The event was directed by Dr.

Prasad Modak from EMC LLP and Dr. Sunil Herat from GU. The following section introduces the main

speakers at the event.

About the Speakers

Dr. Sunil Herat

Dr. Herat is currently the head of e-waste project at Griffith University, and is a

consultant to the United Nations on waste management issues. He is an expert

on solid waste management, hazardous waste management and cleaner

production and eco-efficiency. He has completed extensive research on waste

management in developing countries, especially municipal solid waste and e-

waste, and has published a number of research papers on the topic. He is a

member of the expert subsidiary group on e-waste in the United Nations’

Regional 3R Forum in Asia. He has also provided advice on e-waste matters to

local authorities through United Nations’ International Partnership for Expanding Waste Management

Services in Local Authorities (IPLA). He is also working as the program coordinator of the postgraduate

degree in waste management offered by Griffith University, and is in charge of teaching postgraduate

courses in solid waste management, hazardous management and cleaner production and eco-efficiency.

Visit http://goo.gl/dgZOJ2 to see his LinkedIn profile.

http://goo.gl/dgZOJ2


Mumbai, India.

20th January 2015


Dr. Prasad Modak

Dr. Modak is the Executive President of Environmental Management Centre

LLP. He has worked extensively in the area of waste and resource

management. He contributed a chapter on Waste Management in UNEP’s

Green Economy report, contributed substantially to the establishment of

International Partnership for expanding waste management services of Local

Authorities for UNCRD. He is currently contributing a chapter in the Global

Waste management Outlook. UNEP IETC commissioned Dr Modak to prepare

a UNEP wide Waste Management Action Plan. Dr. Modak’s work over the

past three decades has influenced environmental policies at the Governments, investments and practices

in the industry on a global basis. He is currently Professor (Adjunct) at IIT Bombay and CSO at IL&FS Ltd and

Dean of IL&FS Academy for Applied Development. Visit in.linkedin.com/in/prasadmodak to see his

LinkedIn profile

Shantanu Roy

He is the Senior Vice President of Environmental Management Centre LLP. He is

a chemical engineer with a specialization in environmental management. He

has a professional experience of over 15 years. He has been involved in

diverse areas such as industrial environmental management through Cleaner

Production (CP), Due Diligence Audits, EHS Management Systems, Energy

Efficiency and Urban Environmental Management. His focal area is Climate

Change (CC) related services such as CDM, Low carbon strategies, CC

adaptation, Carbon foot printing, Carbon Disclosure etc. Shantanu directed the preparation of Integrated

Solid Waste management Plan for Pune. He has been actively servicing clients from various National and

International agencies both in the Government and the private sector as a Consultant, Resource Person

and Trainer. He also manages Green Purchasing Network of India (GPNI), an effort dedicated to promoting

Green Purchasing and Greening of Supply Chains as Hon. Secretary General. Visit

in.linkedin.com/in/shantanuroy to see his LinkedIn profile.

http://in.linkedin.com/in/prasadmodak

http://in.linkedin.com/in/shantanuroy


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OBJECTIVES

The objectives for the EMC-GU program on capacity building for waste to resource management for

professionals are as follows:

Develop a course on waste management as a Continuing Education Program (CEP) in India on a

modular basis to target diverse practicing professionals such as staff at Urban Local Bodies,

Environmental NGOs, Consultants, Policy makers and Regulators. Researchers and Academia

Increase awareness amongst professionals to manage new waste streams which have emerged

posing challenges such as E-waste, health care waste, Construction and Demolition Waste,

Agriculture and Forestry Waste, Plastic waste, Industrial hazardous waste, packaging waste,

household hazardous waste etc.

Introduce policies and practices in frontier areas such as “Waste Reduction” with 3Rs (i.e. 4Rs),

integrated waste and resource management, circular economy.

Build repository of inspirational case studies, guidance manuals and tools.

Develop capacities of trainers and training institutions to deliver the CEPs on the basis of above.


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20th January 2015


INTRODUCTION

Urban India generates around 188,500 tonnes of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) every day. The generation

rate is expected to increase as the Indian economy will prosper. Only 30 to 60% of the MSW generated is

collected and almost 90% of the waste collected is simply dumped. Improved collection services in PPP

mode, implementation of decentralized waste processing units and rehabilitation of the dump sites is

therefore a priority. Waste is often a result of over consumption, poor resource use efficiency, perverse

subsidies and low level of awareness. “Reduce at Source” should there be the first action towards in the

sustainable management of wastes and resources. Waste when generated is a misplaced resource. There

is a great value in practicing waste reuse, recycle and recovery (3Rs). The 3Rs help in substituting virgin

resources, reduce GHG emissions and create green jobs. 3Rs also lead to Green Economy.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CENTRE LLP and GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY, Australia organised the day-long

workshop on 20th January 2015, in order to develop a 5 day certificate course for professionals. There were

18 participants from various backgrounds who had participated in the workshop. The workshop had three

main working groups which focussed on detailing of the 5 day certificate course developed for

professionals.


Mumbai, India.

20th January 2015


PROGRAM FOR THE WORKSHOP

5 DAY COURSE ON WASTE AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR PROFESSIONALS

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CENTRE LLP in collaboration with GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA

20TH JANUARY 2015

Table 1: Program Details of the Workshop

TOPICS

9:00-9:30 Registration

9:30-10:30 Welcome address and Introduction to the Project – Shantanu Roy, EMC LLP

Setting the context

The importance of Continuing Education Program on Waste and Resource

Management and Overview of such courses offered in India (Dr. Prasad Modak)

Discussions

10:30-11:00 Tea/Coffee Break

11:00-12:00 Presentation: International Scenario on Education in Waste and Resource

Management (Dr. Sunil Herat, Griffith University )

12:00-13:00 Presentation: Proposed 5 day course on Waste and Resource Management for

Professionals - Shantanu Roy, EMC LLP

13:00-14:00 Lunch

14:00- 15:30 Working Session in groups to refine the proposed course content

15:30-16:30 Presentations from each Working Group and Participants followed by Discussions

(Tea/Coffee served in session) (Moderators- Dr Sunil Herat and Dr Prasad Modak)

16:30- 17:00 Closing Address: Summing up and Next Steps (Dr Prasad Modak)


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20th January 2015


PARTICIPANTS

The workshop was attended by the 18 participants. The participants included practitioners, professionals

and experts who have contributed heavily in the field of waste and resource management. ANNEXURE 1

provides the list with contact details.

Figure 2: Scenes from Workshop l


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20th January 2015


WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS

Dr. Prasad Modak, Executive President, EMC set the background of the workshop by welcoming the

participants of the workshop and requesting them to introduce themselves to all the participants of the

workshop. The participants of the workshop highlighted their work experience in the sector of waste and

resource management. This was followed by Dr. Modak’s address on the importance of waste

management.

Need for Improvements in Waste Management Education

Dr. Modak elaborated on how waste management is becoming

increasingly important, and how it has evolved in the governance

part. The rules and regulations are progressing faster than the ability

of the implementation agencies. Newer waste streams have

emerged. In some cases, their definition has remained ambiguous

and heir quantification and characterisation has remained difficult.

However, there is an urgency from the government to act on these

waste streams and provide a solution. Informal sector plays an important role in waste sorting, collection

and recycling and there are significant health and safety related risks. Technologies need to be adapted to

suit local conditions and economics. While PPP approach is preferred, several contractual issues have

reined unresolved leading to failure of the projects. There is a need to develop the capabilities of local

stakeholders and corporations on these perspectives.

Project Description

Based on the need for capacity building, Dr. Modak explained how he and Dr. Sunil Herat formed the

proposal for the project. The need of the project was to prepare training resources. The training resources

would be developed through two models- one was for professionals, who are hard-pressed for time to

invest in a full time course and another one for students. This course would be both policy and practice-

oriented. The outcomes of the model for professionals- the course toolbox and training modules can be

utilised by the professionals to develop need-based training programs and hold workshops for stakeholders

in the future. These stakeholders would include waste management (WM) professionals, staff at the

municipal corporations, members of the panchayat etc.

The second module will focus on a 30 lecture post-graduate course to be offered to students at the post-

graduate level, as an academic program on waste management. This course will delve more on the

fundamentals while blending with case studies, quantitative and semi-quantitative tools and

technology/policy options.


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20th January 2015


Project Implementation

Dr Modak explained that the project would be initiated through a draft design on the topics that would be

covered by the course of professionals. This was the main outcome expected from the workshop. The

recommended course structure would be developed further through an interactive web portal. This activity

would continue till June 2015, when the next workshop would be held.

The resources for the identified course topics would be developed during this time period. The final toolbox

would be presented in the second workshop, on June 24th, 2015 marking the beginning of the second

stage of the program. The project would invite organisations who would be interested in organising

capacity building programs. This would be facilitated through a Memorandum of Cooperation (MoC)

which would be signed by the organisation and EMC LLP. The second stage part of the program would

trigger pilots on capacity building initiatives using the resources developed in the project. At the end of the

projects, pilot experience will be reviewed with learnings and to draw on the next steps.

Present Situation of Waste Education for Professionals and

Practitioners in India

The opening session was followed by a presentation on the current status in waste education by Dr. Prasad

Modak and Shantanu Roy. A background of the existing training programs and capacity building initiatives

was provided. The present training providers and their areas of focus were also portrayed. (See Figure 3)

Figure 3: Some of the training providers in waste management and their areas of focus

Composite TrainingCorporate training

and workshopsE-learning

Hazardous Waste Management

Integrated MunicipalSolid Waste

Management

Industrial Waste Management, Mining

Waste Management & Disposal, Hazardous

Waste Management, e-Waste Management

E-waste and E-waste rules, hazardous waste,

Waste Management: Policies, Issues,

Challenges and Way Forward

Other:

Decentralised Waste Management, CCoThiruvananthapuram

Environmental Engineering with a

focus on MSW

MDPs

Sustainability: Assessment,Reporting and Assurance

Industrial Waste Management

Other: Next Generation Development Programme

by Leadership for Environment and Development

MOOCs


Mumbai, India.

20th January 2015


It was observed that some of the institutions have focussed on specific areas of training, e.g. Administrative

Staff College of India (ASCI) has been regularly running a course on Integrated MSWM once a year,

funded by the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD). But in general, training on waste management is not

offered on a regular basis in India as a program for professionals. In light of the recent focus on waste

management (e.g. Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan), a collaborative response to the topics in waste

management would prove to be beneficiary for professionals in waste management, and would

strengthen their practice.

Need for changes in approach towards waste management training

Dr. Sunil Herat focussed on the main challenges faced on

waste management in developing countries. These challenges

included - high waste generation from cities, inadequate and

low level of waste collection, lack of suitable treatment and

disposal, and uncontrolled disposal in open dumps. He also

expressed concern on the heavy bias on following end-of-pipe

solutions to waste management. He stressed the need for

champions in solid waste management so that learnings from

training programs can be translated into actions. Newer approached should not be only in terms of

technology (viz.”Hardware”), but also in the “software”. Technology is not the answer to all the challenges

in waste management. He drew references of solid waste management to a computer where technology

can only be one of the components of waste management. Without the software computers cannot be

used. Other considerations are required to be taken into account to provide sustainable solutions to waste

management. This can be done through a holistic method of waste management, where all the

stakeholders, and third parties have been taken into consideration Dr. Herat stressed that the training

program will be effective in integrating the stakeholders in waste management.


Mumbai, India.

20th January 2015


Figure 4: Components of Integrated Sustainable Waste Management

Dr. Herat opined that in order to integrate waste to resource management, economic growth should be

decoupled from resource consumption, and waste should be made a priority for developing countries.

Partnerships amongst relevant stakeholders should be made necessary to achieve resource recovery. It

would lead to financially viable, pro-poor, low-carbon and beginning-of-pipe solutions. Waste

management training would help in the mainstreaming of integrated and sustainable waste management

strategies such as ISWM. Knowledge about successful institutional, business and financial models

implemented in developing countries is important. The orientation of the training programs should also be

towards development of pro-poor public private partnerships. He discussed the basics of some of the

concepts that he teaches to students at GU- municipal solid waste management, hazardous waste

management, and cleaner production and eco-efficiency. He also discussed the topics of some of the

specialist workshops that he had undertaken- pro-poor sustainable solid waste management, issues and

challenges in solid waste management in developing countries, innovative approaches and strategies for

integrated solid waste management in developing countries, social inclusivity in waste management

(gender issues and waste pickers), 3Rs as a basis for sustainable waste management and moving towards

zero waste and waste management policy and strategy development. The outcomes of the project has

been both in terms of technical and policy aspects, and has contributed to provide sustainable solutions

for the workshop.


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20th January 2015


Description of the 5 Day Course for Professionals

Shantanu Roy then described the basic elements of the 5 day program that can be developed for

professionals in waste management. The course has been designed in a format of 7 hours per day. The

course was to be divided into 6 modules, and all the modules would be substantiated with case studies in

India and around the world. The broad course modules are as follows:

Figure 5: Building Blocks of 5 day course for professionals

The modules were proposed to be developed in the following template:

1. Module Objectives: The purpose of each of the modules would be highlighted in this section

2. Learning Outcome: The specific takeaways from the course will be defined through this section

3. Module Outline: The suggestive teaching tools that can

be taken for conduction of the modules

4. Teaching Tools: The methods of teaching that can be

incorporated for better understanding of the concepts

in the module

5. Proposed Time Distribution: The suggestive time required

for the teaching of the module.

6. Books and References: The list of references for

additional reading and better understanding of the concepts that are being taught in the course.

Mr. Roy went on to elaborate each module in detail. The building blocks are detailed from Table 2 to Table

7.

Module1: Waste-to-Resource

Table 2: Module 1- Details

SL.NO. MODULE HEAD DETAILS

1 Evolution of Waste-to-

Resource Management

De-evolution and evolution of Waste-to-Resource Management

Current scenario – Statistics

Major and emerging waste streams

Covering best practices and case studies in India and around the world

Waste-to-ResourceWaste Management

Waste processing technologies

Enabling Waste Management Plans

Regulations and enabling policies

Financial sustainability


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20th January 2015


2 Trends in resource consumption in various sectors

3 Concepts to practice

Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP)

10YFP, Global SCP Clearinghouse, SCP Initiatives

Extended producer responsibility (EPR)

Take-back schemes

Design for Sustainability (D4S)

Green technology/Green chemistry

Green procurement

Reverse Logistics

Upcycling and Recycling

Upcycling vs Recycling

Sound material cycle society

Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) to Integrated Waste-

to-Resource Management (IWRM)

4 Current market for waste products

5 Engineered materials/ Secondary materials

Since the course was meant for professionals, a lot of stress was not put on the basics. The module would

begin with waste to resource aspects in waste management. Amongst the focus areas, types of statistical

information related to waste management, evaluation of the concept of waste to resource management,

and major streams in waste management would be included in evolution of waste to resource

management. Trends in waste management would include the various typologies of waste. Concepts to

practice would include the various approaches and terminologies that have been developed for waste

management, especially newer technologies, such as Design for Sustainability (D4S). Current market

situations for waste products and different materials in waste management would also be covered. The

whole module will be covered in a time period of 6 hours.


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20th January 2015


Module 2: Waste Management



1 Collection, Storage, and

Transportation

Collection coverage

Collection mechanisms

Vehicles and Bins

Stream-specific collection systems, e.g. bio-medical waste

City and beach clean-ups

Collection planning, e-governance (ICT)

Collection Schemes

Weight-based

Pay-as-you-throw schemes

2 Segregation systems

Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs)/Waste Sorting Centers/ Transfer

stations

Equipment

3 Disposal

Current state of landfills

Landfill regulations and bans

Landfill Gas-to-Energy

Landfill remediation and reclamation

Concepts related to collection, storage, and transportation would be communicated to the stakeholders

through this module. Collection mechanisms, esp. for different streams of waste will be elaborated in this

section. Collection schemes and usage of technology in collection of waste would also be covered in this

section. This would be followed by the various segregation systems, focussing on the technologies and

equipment that can be used. Disposal mechanisms with an assessment of landfills would be covered at the

end of this module. The module will be covered in a time period of 5 hours.

Ms. Monisha Narke suggested that, in this section, it would be helpful if financial mechanisms can be

incorporated in this section. Practices, such as payment for waste processing as practised in the United

States of America, can be utilised. It was decided upon that a small section of financial mechanisms

relating to Collection, Transportation and Disposal (CTD) can be added in this section, and later

elaborated in the section on finance.

Module 3: Waste Processing



1 Physical processing Densification/Pelletisation (RDF/SRF)

Mechanical separation and size reduction


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20th January 2015


2 Biological processing

Aerobic Digestion/Composting

Anaerobic Digestion/Biomethanation

Landfill as a bioreactor

3 Thermal processing

Incineration/Mass burn with energy recovery

Pyrolysis

Gasification

Plasma arc gasification

Co-processing

4

Integrated Resource

Recovery Facility (IRRF)

for Zero Waste

Water

Energy

Nutrients

Biosolids & biofuel

Waste processing is one of the major steps for conversion of waste to a resource and leads to a reduction

in the amount of waste finally disposed. Methods of waste processing would be elaborated in this section.

The suitability of the processes in the Indian context will also be covered. Mr. Roy also referred to some

examples which highlighted the inefficiency caused by imitating foreign technologies without pre-

assessment. This module will be covered in a time period of 8 hours.

Module 4: Enabling Waste Management Plans



1

Assessment indicators

and tools for technology

selection

Indicators

Service Level Benchmarking (SLB)

Performance Assessment System, PAS

Tools

SAT, EnTA, CBA, LCA etc.

2 Composition Forecasting

Forecasting models

Time series model, linked parameter model, fuzzy logic

modelling, time series intervention modelling, factor model,

system dynamic modeling and artificial neural network (ANN)

etc.

Forecasting tools

Net Waste Tool, SMARTWaste Plan, system dynamics simulation

software – Stella, Vensim, etc.

3 Waste management

practices

Current waste management practices

Management and planning issues

Key factors for a successful SWM plan


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20th January 2015


This module will be relevant to urban local bodies and practitioners in waste management who are

concerned holistic planning and management issues in waste management. Areas where the systems are

lacking and relevant ideas to take forward would be discussed in this section. Different tools would also be

discussed in this section, which have only existed in research papers, but can be implemented will be

included in this module. Prof. Mona Iyer and Ms. Apoorva Gadre suggested that the existing manuals and

regulations should be studied and analysed to make them better as a part of the module. Participants also

discussed the potential case studies and focus areas that may be included in this section. This module will

be covered in a time period of 4 hours.

Module 5: Regulations and Enabling Policies



1 National solid waste

policies

Impact of Inclusive Laws and Policies

Solid Waste Policy in India

Solid Waste Policy in other developing countries and developed

countries

2 Indian Waste

Regulations

Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1999,

The E-Waste (Management and Handling Rules) (2010), The

Environmental Protection Rules, The Hazardous Wastes

(Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules

(2008), The Plastics (Manufacture, Usage and Waste Management)

Rules (2009), Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules

(1998), Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1982), Water

(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1975

3 Global conventions and

progress so far

Basel Convention (hazardous waste)

Waigani Convention (radioactive waste)

Stockholm Convention (POP waste)

Rotterdam Convention (hazardous chemicals)

OSPAR Convention (marine litter)

London Convention (waste dumping in oceans)

MARPOL (ship waste)

EU directive

4 Institutional

arrangements

Importance

Improved service delivery

Improved accountability

Successful integration of the informal sector

Organizational Structures and Roles


Mumbai, India.

20th January 2015


Waste Management Authorities

Structures of the city administration – Decentralized,

Centralized

Capacity

Human Resources

Financial Resources

Capacity building

Private Sector Involvement

Collaboration with businesses dealing with waste

Communication

Gathering information

Reporting information

Daily waste management

Institutional issues

5 Implementation and

enforcement

Scientific instruments

Technology selection process

Waste management cells

Social instruments

Public Participation and Cooperation

Educational activities

Economic instruments

Incentives and financial mechanisms (discussed in block 6)

National and global policies, conventions and regulations would be covered under this section.

Programmes, schemes and technology applicable at a broader level will be covered in this module. Dr.

Megha Phansalkar expressed her concern on the inclusion of concepts of waste management which can

be applied to rural areas. It was, however, made clear that the application of the various concepts would

be different for different states. States with predominant rural population would have different learnings

from this module compared to states with a predominant urban areas. Learnings would be different for

regional plans as well. The module will be covered in a time period of 6 hours.

Module 6: Financial Sustainability



1 Cost and benefits of

SWM

SWM based on CBA to compare different SWM approaches

Financial sustainability of SWM approaches

2 Business models

PPP

NGO involvement

Combined model

Cooperative supported model


Mumbai, India.

20th January 2015


3

Concept of Sustainable

and Responsible

Business

Importance of Sustainable and Responsible Business

Regulatory compliance

Increased brand value

Cost savings

Measures to be taken to make a business sustainable and

responsible

Material and energy audits

Reuse and Recycling

Green procurement

Walking the talk: Integrating waste prevention in the business policy

4 Financing mechanisms

Incentive schemes

Micro-finance schemes

Government Funding

Various financial measures in waste management would be discussed in this module. The need for the

inclusion of experts in order to conduct this module was stressed upon in this section. The participants

suggested that newer processes such as Right to Information (RTI) and their role in the monitoring and

financing mechanisms would be highlighted through this module. This module would be covered in a time

period of 6 hours.

Mr. Roy made the presentation interactive by enquiring from the participants the topics that must be

covered under the module in general. The participants gave in their views by suggesting topics such as

basics of waste management, delineation of waste into streams, environmental and social impact of waste

management, data techniques that can be utilised for waste management, disposal metrics and their

advantages. Prof. Mona Iyer from CEPT University stressed on the importance of addressing specific

problems for different professionals- decision makers or policy makers, engineers, supervisors, and others. It

is important to maintain the practicality of the training program and help in solving the issues that these

professionals face. Hence, segregation and expansion of the course modules at a later stage would be

necessary. Ms. Apoorva Gadre from the SWM Department of DoSTE, Goa also supported the need for

establishing need-based training programs by providing examples of how thumb rules have been

beneficial for ground level waste collectors and managers in rural Goa, India. Ms. Monisha Narke of RUR

opined on the need for the inclusion of international certifications, guidelines and benchmarks into the

waste management program. The participants agreed that the stakeholders should be empowered to

implement and make changes at the ground level after being a part of the program. It was agreed that

that would be the biggest takeaway from the program.

Experience Sharing Sessions

Dr. Prasad Modak and Mr. Shantanu Roy set the tone for the working groups before lunch. They elaborated

on the basics of the working group. The participants were instructed to divide themselves in three groups,


Mumbai, India.

20th January 2015


Figure 6: Waste dumping Sites around

Goa- as cited by Ms. Gadre

wherein they shall discuss the contents of the course modules and would make their suggestions and

recommendations on the course. The groups would be expected to cover all the topics through three

viewpoints- NGOs/CBOs, Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and professionals. The requirements of these three

target groups should be kept in mind while adding to the requirements of the workshop.

Post lunch, Dr. Modak requested Ms. Jyoti Mhapsekar (SMS, Mumbai), Prof. Mona Iyer (CEPT University,

Ahmedabad) and Ms. Apoorva Gadre (SWM Cell, Goa) to elaborate on their experiences in Continued

Education Programme (CEP) in waste management.

Experience Sharing: Ms. Apoorva Gadre

Ms. Apoorva Gadre is the Manager (Technical) at the SWM Cell in the Department of Science, Technology

and Environment (DoSTE), Government of Goa (GoG). It is a comparatively new division that has come into

being. She focussed on some of the recent initiatives that have been taken up as a part of their initiatives in

waste management. A brief introduction to the current waste situation of Goa was provided.

She focussed on the institutional arrangements in waste

management in the state. A High Level Task Force (HLTF) which is

the apex body with only government members which help in

undertaken all the decisions relating to solid waste management

in the state of Goa. The Monitoring-cum-Working Committee for

Solid Waste Management was another such department. This

committee has members from the NGOs as well as from the

government, ensuring better stakeholder participation. The

committee was formulated to implement the various provisions of

waste management Acts, such as the MSWM Act, the Goa Non-Biodegradable Garbage Control Act, and

others. The SWM Cell where she is currently engaged in, is another of the institutional initiatives that has

been taken by the GoG. They are responsible for the day-to-day operations under this workshop. Redressal

of issues, implementation and provision of assistance at the ground level are the major functions of this Cell.

The waste management initiatives were to be taken in conjunction with

the village panchayats and other local bodies in Goa, which is important

for the success of any initiative undertaken, as mandated in the MSW

2000 Rules.

Ms. Gadre went on to emphasise that the problem of dry waste is much

more in the city of Goa than the problem of wet waste. Non-recycleable

and non-biodegradable waste has posed to be a major issue for the state of Goa. A Memorandum of

Understanding (MoU) signed with the Vasavdatta Cement Company, Karnataka, who use this waste and

compress it under a CPCB- approved process, has helped in solving this problem to a large extent. This MoU

has been an important achievement in the waste management sector of Goa. It has led to the

development of a procedure for treatment and processing of the non-recycleable waste generated from


Mumbai, India.

20th January 2015


Figure 7: The cycle of waste processing by

the SWM Cell, DoSTE, GoG

the state. It has also led to some employment

oppurtunities and illegal acquisition of waste from the

contractors. The SWM Cell has thus established a

collection mechanism for the waste generated in Goa,

especially the non-recycleable component of it. She

went on to elaborate on the process of collection

through the use of simple Information Communication

Technology (ICT) techniques and involvement of the

panchayats and local champions in the form of NGOs and collection agencie s.

She closed her session by answering some of the queries

from the participants, and also shared some of the small

interventions that have been undertaken for the

successful collection of waste. The session helped in highlighting how simple interventions can be used to

make the system of waste collection and processing more efficient. Dr. Modak opined that the course, in

this case, would be very different and specific and thus, needs to be adapted according to their

requirements.

Experience Sharing: Ms. Jyoti Mhapsekar

Ms. Jyoti Mhapsekar is the founder member of Stree Mukti Sangathana (SMS), Mumbai, which has focussed

on the informal sector in waste management in the city. The focus of the workshop was also on the

upliftment of women and the management of the informal sector in waste

management. She highlighted the issues in informal wast e management in

the city.

SMS’ contribution in the field of formalising informal wastepickers in the

waste management process and their contribution in the setting up of bio-

methanation plants in the city were highlighted. Their expertise has been in

training of workers, stakeholders and also knowledge dissemination on segregation amongst various

stakeholder groups. SMS is in the process of setting up a Training Centre in Navi Mumbai this year.

Experience Sharing: Prof. Mona Iyer

Prof. Mona Iyer is the Associate Professor in the Faculty of Planning and Public Policy at the Centre for

Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT) University. After her introduction, she stressed on the

importance of solid waste in planning courses. She highlighted some of the part-time, online certificate and

professional development courses in waste management.

She highlighted some of the training programs that CEPT had completed

under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM),

for which they were commissioned by the Ministry of Urban Development

(MoUD). CEPT was also appointed as the anchor institute on solid waste


Mumbai, India.

20th January 2015


management by the Government of Gujarat (GoGu). Nodal institutes were to be selected by GoGu where

the training would be conducted through technical modules developed for stakeholders- such as

plumbers, engineers, and others. She also highlighted the Performance Assessment System (PAS) project on

water and sanitation, commissioned by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to CEPT. The project helped

in the development of simple ICT technologies for capacity building.

She stressed that given the special kind of expertise that is demanded from training programs organised by

CEPT, the current program would help in expanding the knowledge base and better redressal of issues

during training programs. CEPT is proposing to conduct a Winter School on Waste Management end of the

year.

This session was followed by the working groups where the participants were divided into three groups and

discussions were done on the 5 day course. The main outputs of the three groups are highlighted in the

following section.

WORKING GROUPS

The working groups were formed in following manner, based on their background and areas of expertise.

Group A Asha Panwar, Jyoti Mhapsekar, Monisha Narke, Geetanjali Pawar

Group B Dnyaneshwar Kamble, Neha Pattnayak, Deepali Sinha Khetriwal

Group C Mona Iyer, Zarasp Irani, Apoorva Gadre, Shashikant Kamble

The groups were given about one and a half hours to discuss the 5 day course for professionals, as

presented by Mr. Shantanu Roy. The findings are as follows.

Group A

1. The Course has to be spread out and made more flexible. A continuous course for professionals will

be a problem. Schedule such as one day a week may work.

2. A local field visit of half a day can be incorporated for better

understanding. The site could include a dumping ground, and projects

that have been successfully implemented.

3. In the course, more focus should be given to agencies and

their details, especially, their role in EPR and Green Procurement should

be highlighted.

4. Upcycling of waste should be avoided and they should not be included in the course. Instead,

more focus should be given on the recycling of waste.

5. A detailed list of waste streams, methods of collection and guidelines for specific waste streams

may be highlighted. It can be connected to practicing of the EPR.

http://www.pas.org.in/


Mumbai, India.

20th January 2015


6. Other challenges in the social and economic context may also be embedded in this course, e.g.

the importance of informal sector and how they can be integrated in mainstream waste

management and how to address livelihood, dignity, health and safety.

7. Focus should also be given on infrastructure required for waste management. Discontinuation of

weight based measures, smarter collection technologies and methods to handle mixed waste

were some of the suggestions from the group.

8. Safety and hygiene should also be taken up as an issue for waste management. The inclusion of

technology in this aspect can also be highlighted.

9. Local case studies should diversify from providing only case studies on aerobic and anaerobic

waste management procedures. Case studies on biogas plants and recycling plants can be

included, for example.

10. The Module 4 of the course should include some procedural tools to understand the tools and

practices of solid waste management better. Tools like calculators of impact should be included.

11. Reality checks should be incorporated as to what should be monitored and what not.

12. Active organizations in the waste management sector should be incorporated.

13. A module can be developed on public education and awareness building and communication.

Group B

1. Driving Engagement should be incorporated in the following ways-

Business opportunities and road maps, methods of scaling up,

Institutional framework for Governance, show stoppers (best

examples), Communication model ( Data representation for

various reports , Customized Dash boards and information for

different stakeholders ) and benchmarks

2. Business Aspect can be incorporated by introducing venture

capital funding in financial sustainability section. Understanding of how the business proposals are

assessed should be included. This is needed since lot of waste management proposal are getting

rejected.

3. The details under ’Measures to be taken to make a business sustainable and responsible’ from

financial sustainability section should be removed.

Group C

1. The overall course should be covered through resource materials which would make the

encapsulation of the modules easily. The standard operating procedure for certain systems may

also be incorporated in the course.

2. Clear milestones for the participants in the course should be

highlighted that are expected to be achieved.

3. Peering should be incorporated within the course for better

learning.

4. A field visit to best practices can also be included. The

course can be split into two parts- classroom modules and visits.


Mumbai, India.

20th January 2015


5. Module1: Awareness on the necessity of Waste to resource management should be incorporated.

Topic of EPRs should be incorporated to emphasize partnerships. Technical requirements should be

addressed. The kind of waste to be segregated, sorted or extracted should be made available.

6. Module 2: The State jurisdiction of the operation should be clearly identified in the module. State

level policies should be used. Cooperation and coordination among agencies should also be

encouraged as a part of the course. Troubleshooting manuals should be provided for field

practitioners.

7. Module 3: The pros and cons of each kind of waste disposal can be specified. The technical

training and operational assistance should also be highlighted in this section. Rapid assessment

methods of waste audit could be incorporated in this module.

8. Module 4: A common template for indicators may be provided.

9. Module 5: The methods of enforcement of the legal procedures can be added. The necessity of

monitoring, accountability and assessment of the current labour force can be incorporated. Green

procurement should be emphasized for waste prevention and stressing from Life Cycle Assessment

point of view. Involvement of social scientists is recommended.

10. Module 6: Waste finance and their implications and economic models should be discussed in this

module.

The workshop was closed by Dr. Modak with a note of thanks to all the participants for their inputs in the

working groups.


Mumbai, India.

20th January 2015


Figure 8: Group Photo of the Workshop Participants


Mumbai, India.

20th January 2015


ANNEXURES

Related tables and information about the workshop

ANNEXURE 1

Table 8: List of Participants at the Workshop with Contact Details

NAME ORGANISATION CONTACT

Anuja Sawant Environmental Engineer, Prasad Modak and

Associates (Mumbai)

[email protected]

Apoorva Gadre Solid Waste Management (SWM) Cell,

Department. of Science, Technology and

Environment , Government of Goa (DoSTE)

(Goa)

[email protected]

Asha Panwar Ph.D. Scholar, Centre for Technology

Alternatives for Rural Areas (CTARA) ,IIT Bombay

(Mumbai)

[email protected]

Ashini Malhotra Regional Manager(India &Sri Lanka), Griffith

University (Australia)

[email protected]

Dnyaneshwar

Kamble

Senior Manager, CMC Ltd (Mumbai) [email protected]

Dr. Deepali Sinha

Khetriwal

Research Associate, United Nations University

Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability

(UNU-IAS), and

Senior Consultant, Sofies (Mumbai)

[email protected]

Dr. Megha

Phansalkar

Independent Environment Services Professional

(Mumbai)

[email protected]

Dr. Prasad Modak Executive President, Environmental

Management Centre (Mumbai)

[email protected]

Dr.Sunil Herat Senior Lecturer in Waste management, Griffith

University (Australia)

[email protected]

Emon Dastidar Environmental Planner, Environmental


[email protected]

Geetanjali Pawar Waste-to-Energy Research and Technology

Council (WTERT) (Mumbai)

[email protected]

Jyoti Mhapsekar Founder Member, Stree Mukti Sangathana(SMS)

(Mumbai)

[email protected]

Monisha Narke Reducing Reusing Recycling, RUR [email protected]

Neha Pattnayak Plasma Energy (Navi Mumbai) [email protected]

https://www.linkedin.com/in/anujasaw

mailto:[email protected]

http://in.linkedin.com/pub/apoorva-gadre/46/455/ba7

http://dstegoa.gov.in/

http://dstegoa.gov.in/


http://in.linkedin.com/pub/asha-panwar/56/94/2ab

http://www.ctara.iitb.ac.in/

http://www.ctara.iitb.ac.in/


https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=179834771




https://www.linkedin.com/in/greenconsultant

https://www.linkedin.com/in/greenconsultant

http://www.cmcltd.com/


http://in.linkedin.com/pub/deepali-sinha/0/843/593

http://in.linkedin.com/pub/deepali-sinha/0/843/593

http://ias.unu.edu/en/



http://sofiesonline.com/?lang=en


http://www.g-fras.org/fr/component/comprofiler/fieldclass?field=cb_cvupload&function=download&user=680&reason=profile

http://www.g-fras.org/fr/component/comprofiler/fieldclass?field=cb_cvupload&function=download&user=680&reason=profile


https://in.linkedin.com/in/prasadmodak

http://emcentre.com/



http://au.linkedin.com/pub/sunil-herat/28/137/5a1




http://in.linkedin.com/in/emondastidar




http://wtert.in/

http://wtert.in/


https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=306465256

http://streemuktisanghatana.org/


https://www.facebook.com/RUR.AreYouReducingReusingRecycling


http://www.plasmaenergy.in/



Mumbai, India.

20th January 2015


Prof. Mona Iyer Associate Professor, CEPT University

(Ahmedabad)

[email protected]

Shantanu Roy Senior Vice President, Environmental


[email protected]

Shashikant

Kamble

Waste-to-Energy Research and Technology

Council (WTERT) (Mumbai)

[email protected]

Zarasp Irani Independent Consultant [email protected]

http://in.linkedin.com/pub/mona-iyer/38/243/a75

http://cept.ac.in/


http://in.linkedin.com/in/shantanuroy




http://wtert.in/

http://wtert.in/


http://in.linkedin.com/pub/zarasp-irani/1/9bb/4b8


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