workshop summary - indico€¦ · brian yanoff, ge global research … with lots of assistance from...
TRANSCRIPT
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Workshop Summary
Anthony ButlerRadiologist and Physicist
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Disclaimer
I have many biases
- I am a clinician by job and physicist by hobby
- My university has been a member of Medipix since 2006
- I am a founder of MARS Bioimaging Ltd
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Participants and submissions
Context
Review of talks
Conclusions
Overview
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NZ has a strange view of the world
Disclaimer
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NZ has a strange view of the world
Disclaimer
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Participants
Context
Review of talks
Conclusions
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Scientific committee
Michael Campbell, CERN
Anthony Butler, Univ. of Canterbury & MARS Bioimaging
Steffen Kappler, Siemens Healthineers
Ewald Roessl, Philips Research Laboratories
Katsuyuki (Ken) Taguchi, Johns Hopkins University
Richard Thompson, Canon Medical Research
Brian Yanoff, GE Global Research
… with lots of assistance from Patricia Mage-Granados
Initiation only for several reasons
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119 registrantsParticipants2017 => 130
2015 => 112
50 Industry; 46 Scientists; 23 Medical
>85% are returning guests
2013 => 102
2011 => 76
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Participants and submissions
Context
Review of talks
Conclusions
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Context
The electromagnetic spectrum
X-ray colour: Wavelength, Frequency, or Energy
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Context
Spectral CT is true colour x-ray imaging
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Context
Computed Tomography is 3D X-rays
Hounsfield,Nobel Prize 1979
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Context
Computed Tomography is 3D X-rays
Hounsfield,Nobel Prize 1979
300,000,000 people per year get a CT
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Context
Rontgen 1895, to CERN technology 2018
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Context Before SpecXray
Earnest Rutherford:
We have no money,
therefore we must think
Particle physics pushes frontiers of knowledge
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Mid ’90s, Medipix – Michael Campbell
“Various applications like Medical Imaging should profit”
Early ’80s, direct Si detectors
– Erik Heijne, Robert Klanner, Gehard Lutz
Their role is recognized by the 2017 High Energy and Particle
Physics Prize of EPS
Context Before SpecXray
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Context SpecXray 2011
MARS, Philips, and GE Healthcare
Human,
Jerry Arenson
Mouse,
Ewald Roessel
Mouse,
Anthony Butler
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Context 2011 to 2019
Rajiv Gupta, Mass.Gen.Hosp
PCD 2017
2011
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Context 2011 to 2019
Rajiv Gupta, Mass.Gen.Hosp
PCD 2017
2011 2013-2017
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Context 2011 to 2019
Rajiv Gupta, Mass.Gen.Hosp
PCD 2017
2011 2013-2017 2019
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Context
Radiology market has changed
More focus on value, not excellence …
… scanners for emerging markets
… United Imaging Ltd
… health-pathways and efficient care
The world has changed
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Context
Radiology market has changed
Earlier decision making…
… growth of Urgent and Point-of-Care
… Artificial Intelligence
More focus on value, not excellence …
… scanners for emerging markets
… United Imaging Ltd
… health-pathways and efficient care
The world has changed
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Participants
Context
Review of talks
Conclusions
I’m lucky if I can learn one thing per talk
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Invited talk
Re-imagining the imaging system
Rajiv Gupta, Mass.Gen.Hosp
Scanners with no moving parts in order to meet the community’s needs
A patient in Tuba City, Arizona (Navajo Nation), 5hr drive from
Albuquerque
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Invited talk
Rajiv Gupta, Mass.Gen.Hosp
Reimaging the imaging system
Image processing is a critical part of the system
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Taking it to humans
The world is watching
Anthony Butler, Uni. Of Canterbury
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Strong focus on clinical benefits
Cynthia McCollough, Mayo Clinic
Imaging where the clinician wants to see
Universal protocols practical for users
Taking it to humans
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Clinical applications
Photon counting gives better image quality
Jayasai Rajagopol, NIH Clinical Centre
EID
PCD
Multiple image metrics showing PCD gives better image quality
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Thorsten Fleiter, Uni. of Maryland
Image quality
=
Can I make a
diagnosis?
Need to assist clinicians
Clinical applications
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Clinical applications
Multiple contrast agents for radiological surgery
William Pritchard, NIH Clinical Centre
Iodine and Bismuth used simultaneously
( animal models of tumors )
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Clinical applications
Lots of easily accessible bone applications
Aamir Raja, Uni. of Otago
Structure and mineralization Gout Micro-fractures
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Prototype systems
Pete Edic, GE Global Research
Building systems is hard!
Showed complexity of systems
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Prototype systems
Shuai Leng, Mayo Clinic
Protocols vary,
but potentially big dose advantages
PCT allows high resolution and low dose
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Prototype systems
Shuai Leng, Mayo Clinic
2 sources + 2 bin detectors = 4 energies
Number of bins and energy separation is critical
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Detector systems
Magdalena Bazalova-Carter, Uni. of Victoria
Gd/Ho K-edges:
6 keV apart
Very close materials can be separated
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Detector systems
Jan Jakubek, ADVACAM
Improved spectral resolution
Timepix3 is a REALLY advanced detector
Improved spatial resolution
Internal XRF
Escape peak
1 mm CdTe
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Detector systems
Jan Jakubek, ADVACAM
Singe chip Compton camera for thyroid
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Detector systems
Kris Iniewski, Redlen Technologies
4 side buttable, 5 energy, high flux
CZT and commercial detectors have improved
Kris also talked about who might benefit from spectral imaging
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Lots of time for discussion
Thanks to Michael and Patricia
Coppet and its chateau
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Yi Qiang, Cannon Medical Research
Charge transport over time
Detector modelling
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Scott Hsieh, UCLA
…. may be enough to get good images
Just measure co-incident, but don’t correct
Simulations and Recon
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Thorsten Sellerer, Technical Uni. Munich
Spectral phase contrast – an important future
Simulations and Recon
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Mikael Simard, Uni. of Montreal
What is the optimal basis for describing tissues?
Eigen-tissue decomposition
Simulations and Recon
Spectra -> Eigen-basis -> Materials
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Walter Snoeys, CERN
Very clear description of LHC, ATLAS, and CMS
Detectors of HEP
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Ananth Annapragada, Baylor College
Nano-particles are used in cancer research
Molecular imaging
Two contrast agents
- tumor vascularization
- nano-particle distribution
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Steven Gieseg, Uni. Canterbury
Cardiovascular disease causes 37% of EU deaths
Molecular imagingEx-vivo imaging means he knows what he wants to see in humans
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Artur Sossin, Philips Innovative Technology
Improvements in projection based MD
Material Decomposition
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Projections
One step reconstruction and MD
More flexible:
- apply image constrains
- variable energy bins
- non-ideal detectors
- flux dependent effects
- variable input spectra
Material Decomposition
Taly Schmidt, Marquette Uni.
Materials
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High photon flux is a challenge
Instability more noticeable at high energy thresholds
High-Z semi-conductors
Georgios Prekas, Redlen Technology
Sta
bili
tyIn
tegra
ted
counts
Th1 Th2 Th3 Th4 Th5
>200 Mcps/mm2
achievable!
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Timepix4 is almost here
ASICs
Xavi Llopart, CERN
Excellent for pushing the limits of spectral x-ray technology
65nm technology
Pixel matrix of 512 x 448 pixels (55 µm x 55 µm)
Particle identification and tracking (Data driven)
Imaging (frame based with CRW sequential readout)
Sub-ns time binning ~195ps
Max data output ≤163.84 Gbps
Energy resolution <1 KeV
4 side buttable due to TSV
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New 4 side buttable ASIC for CT
Edgar Goederer, Siemens Healthineers
Increase detector area for real clinical CTs
ASICs
TSV
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ASICs
Increase detector area for real clinical CTs
New 4 side buttable ASIC for CT
Edgar Goederer, Siemens Healthineers
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Charge sharing correction scheme
Pawl Grybos, AGH Uni.of Science and Technology
Charging sharing and pulse pile-up are the main challenges
ASICs
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Moving beyond 2 energies for clinical CT
Loick Verger, CEA LETI
Want to have:
charge sharing correction, pile-up correction, more energies
ASICs
https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-uses-photon-counting-ct-scanner-patients-first-timehttps://ctcicblog.mayo.edu/hubcap/our-scanners/
2 energies
Currently: Future:
Pile-up rejectionCharge sharing correction256 energy bins-real time 2 side “buttable” Energy resolution 7 to 9%OCR= 8 Mcps/pixel
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A great review of competing requirements
Rafael Ballabriga, CERN
ASICs My favorite talk !
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Participants
Context
Review of talks
Conclusions
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Conclusion
“This is what happens when you bring people with good ideas together to form a community”
Stephan Kappler, Scientific committee
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Conclusion
Looking back what have we learned since 2011?
The medical applications of spectral x-ray detectors are:
- new information
- higher resolution
- lower dose
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Conclusion
Looking back what have we learned since 2011?
The medical applications of spectral x-ray detectors are:
- new information
- higher resolution
- lower dose
2011 – would any of this work?
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Conclusion
What have we learned in this workshop?
Spectral CT is going to happen
- all of the challenges are successfully being address
- it will reach the clinics
(timelines remain uncertain)
At least 300,000,000 people per year will benefit
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Thanks youMichael Campbell, CERN
Anthony Butler, Univ. of Canterbury & MARS Bioimaging
Steffen Kappler, Siemens Healthineers
Ewald Roessl, Philips Research Laboratories
Katsuyuki (Ken) Taguchi, Johns Hopkins University
Richard Thompson, Canon Medical Research
Brian Yanoff, GE Global Research