Outline of Feasibility Study on Outline of Feasibility Study on Safer Conventional Housing Safer Conventional Housing

in Developing Countriesin Developing Countriesin 2005/06in 2005/06 　　 and and

Proposal of R&D activitiesProposal of R&D activities

Workshop on Safer Conventional Housing in Developing Countries Oct. 12, 2005

Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Tatsuo NarafuSenior Coordinator for International Cooperation

Building Research Institute Japan (BRI)

Feasibility Study on a Comprehensive Approach to Safer Conventional Housing in DC’s 　 Proposed by BRI

Aim

-to contribute to mitigate earthquake

disasters through dissemination of

appropriate technologies We are focusing on:

-feasible and affordable technologies

for communities/people

-strategies for dissemination of technologies

-diffusion and sustainable growing of technologies in communities along with economical effects such as job opportunities

Why mitigation of disasters by earthquakes?

Earthquakes cause serious damages to human societies

Why conventional housing in developing countries?

Developing countries are more vulnerable because they can not afford to be prepared

Conventional housing should be focused because many people live there and has more to be done to be safe

Why comprehensive approach?

Excellent technologies of industrialized countries can not necessarily improve the situation

APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES APPROPRIATE means Affordable and Feasible

We have to learn every aspects of each community such as materials, structures, labor skills, industries, economies & households

Why comprehensive approach?

Technologies can work only when people/communities accept and introduce them

Dissemination of technologies to

people/communities is the key issue

Developing countries do not have social infrastructures for disseminating technologies such as enforcement of standards

Effective approach should be explored

Why comprehensive approach?

Houses to be improved are huge amount Human resources and financial resources of

donor side are limited

Technologies must be accepted

and brought up by

　　 　　 people/communities in market

mechanism of each community

Why comprehensive approach?

“Mitigation of disasters by earthquakes requires COMPREHENSIVE approach including

- Science

- Engineering

- Socio-economic studies

- Policy studies

- Development studies

- other relevant studies Comprehensive approach requires participation of

wide range of institutions of various fields both in industrialized and developing countries

Key words for safer conventional housing

Appropriate technologies Dissemination of technologies Sustainable growing of technologies Collaboration of relevant stakeholders

Scope of R&D Activities on Comprehensive Approach

A. Potential Hazard B. Characteristics of Targeted Housing

type C. Technical Proposals D. Dissemination of Technologies E. Motivating of People/Communities F. Revolving System in Market Economy

Scope of R&D Activities on Comprehensive Approach

A. Potential Hazard of earthquakes in each area as the starting point for identifying 　 the hazard of earthquakes to be anticipated in order to target the goal

- World wide picture prepared by IDNDR(UN International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction)/GSHAP(the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program)

- Potential hazard data prepared by each country

A large amount of data is available at web site of IISEE/BRI thanks to contribution of participants of group training courses

http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/net/worldmap.htm

- Survey outputs by hazard mapping for specific districts

- Surveys/researches implemented independently

Scope of R&D Activities on Comprehensive Approach

B. Characteristics of Targeted Housing type B1 Materials and members B2 Structures B3 Construction procedures * huge diversity of materials, structures and construction work * two types of approach -generalization/reductive approach (study on common issues ) -targeting approach ( case studies ) cf. approach of WHE (World Housing Encyclopedia) of EERI

( Earthquake Engineering Research Institute ) Housing Reports and Tutorials on typical construction types http://www.world-housing.net/

Scope of R&D Activities on Comprehensive Approach

B. Characteristics of Targeted Housing type B1 Materials and members B2 Structures B3 Construction procedures * so many proposals/ideas for seismic designs on

laboratory basis * a few approaches on practice basis * studies on materials and members should be

investigated such as durability, physical/chemical effects by humidity, thermal, contaminators, UV rays and others

We can expect much from studies in historical buildings and remains

* production management/quality control is extremely important especially in conventional housing

cf. lessons from EqTAP Metro Manila Case Study

Scope of R&D Activities on Comprehensive Approach

C. Technical Proposals B1 Materials and members - conventional materials - introduction from other fields B2 Structures - conventional method - new technologies B3 Construction procedures - quality control of materials and members - improvement of skills of local labors

Scope of R&D Activities on Comprehensive Approach

D. Dissemination of Technologies Combination of FORMAL approach and INFOMAL approach is necessary D1 Industries and professions - standards and codes - training programs - easy manuals, AV materials and others - collaboration with NPO’s

D2 People and communities - demonstrations, AV materials and others - collaboration with NPO’s

- school programs

Scope of R&D Activities on Comprehensive Approach

E. Motivating of People/Communities

E1 Financial approach

loans, provision of materials and others

E2 Collaboration with projects for

improvement of living environments,

health & hygiene or others

E3 Collaboration with NGO activities

Scope of R&D Activities on Comprehensive Approach

F. Revolving System in Market Economy ( Vitalization of local economies so as to provide more job opportunities and income of households, followed by more investment for safer housing)

F1 Local material industries

F2 Local labor force

F3 Market, transport and related industries

What we should do for next step?

So wide range we should cover Many researches, surveys, pilot projects

have been done in Japan and in the world Insufficient opportunities to exchange

information, lessons, views and ideas

Open forum for all people relevant to

mitigation of disasters

Achievement of Building Research Institute Japan (BRI)

Group training courses for experts all over the world for more than 40 years

Implementation of ODA projects to establish national and regional center for disaster mitigation in 8 countries so far, which cover conventional housing

Contribution to establish international network through IISEE net (International Institute for Seismology and Earthquake Engineering)

Large compilation of experiences for safer housing/buildings in Japan

BRI is preparing a new R&D program focusing on safer housing in DC’s based on experiences and

knowledge mentioned above

Procedures of R&D on safer housing

2005/06 Feasibility study - survey on R&D, projects and others concerning the theme - workshop for inputs on Oct. 12 &13 - proposal on R&D activities - applying for financial resources 2006/07 – 2010/11 R&D activities - establishment of cooperative relations with collaborating

organizations both in developing countries and industrialized countries

- implementation of R&D activities - documentation of outputs of R&D - disseminating activities of R&D outputs as common Knowledge

Platform Sustainable development of the common Platform - revolving scheme of updating and upgrading

Feasibility Study on a Comprehensive Approach to Safer Conventional Housing in DC’s

Outline of R&D (tentative) duration: about five years case study in several countries: (tentative: Peru, Indonesia, Nepal, Turkey) Activities in 2005 feasibility study in partnership with National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (NILIM), United Nations Center for Regional

Development (UNCRD), universities and research institutes *Financial resources for R&D activities to apply for R&D/ODA resources by a proposal elaborated

with inputs from WS and others

BRI tries to strengthen partnership with researchers,

engineers and people in practice in the world and to contribute

to safer built environment

Thank you