workshop on practice & research in urban sustainability assessment · 2016. 8. 30. · workshop...
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Workshop on Practice & Research in
Urban Sustainability Assessment
August 17-18, 2016 TokyoInternational Assn for Impact Assessment Japan Branch
Global Carbon Project Tsukuba International Office
Japan Society of Urban & Regional Planners
Eliot Allen, Principal, AICP, LEED AP-ND
Criterion PlannersPortland Oregon USA
Japan - Portland Relationship
• Sapporo & Portland – sister cities for 57 years
• Japan Future City Initiative delegation to Portland – February 2016
Shared Risks & Knowledge Sharing
Who Is In the Room?
• Professions
• Familiarity with urban sustainability rating tools
Presentation Questions
• Informal questions any time during presentation
• 9 group questions
Group Question 1:
If you could rate the sustainability of the neighborhood
where you live, what characteristic would you use?
Presentation Modules
• Module 1 – Overview of urban sustainability
appraisal tools
• Module 2 – North American tools for communities
& existing neighborhoods; other notable tools; tool
trends & future prospects
Learning Objectives
• Understand the value of urban sustainability appraisal
• Recognize the qualities of an appraisal tool
• Be aware of U.S. tools for communities & existing
neighborhoods
• Know how U.S. tools may be adaptable to Japan
Learning Objectives
• Understand the value of urban sustainability appraisal
• Recognize the qualities of an appraisal tool
• Be aware of U.S. tools for communities & existing
neighborhoods
• Know how U.S. tools may be adaptable to Ja
• Others?
Conclusion: Taking Appraisal Tools Into the Future
• People-centered - relevant to daily life
• Simple, affordable, efficient
• Dynamic, sensor-based
• Transactional – benefits accounting
Questions Before Module 1?
Overview of
Urban Sustainability Appraisal Tools
Module 1
Overview of Appraisal Tools
• Appraisal tool definition
• The world of appraisal tools
• Why sustainability is worth appraising
• Who is using tools and how
• Qualities for comparing tools
What Is An Urban Sustainability Appraisal Tool?
Tool Definition
Dense built
environment
Well-being
for future
generations
Quantitative
assessment or
rating
Publicly available
nationally or
internationally
urban sustainability appraisal tool
Appraisal: Assessment or Assessment & Rating
Assessment:
quantitative
measurement, e.g.
82 liters
water/day/capita
Assessment & Rating:
assessment on a
relative scale, e.g. 82
liters/day = excellent
or 4 stars
appraisal
Underlying Premises
• Measure to manage
• Continuous improvement
The World of Tools
TransformativeTools.org
The World of Rating Tools
Cities
Planned Neighborhoods
Existing Neighborhoods
All Neighborhoods
Landscapes and Parks
Transportation and Infrastructure
Special Purposes
7
21
2
3
4
12
5
Global Tool Families
Family Heritage
Primary Topics
Module 2 Tool Topics
STAR
Community
Living
Community
Challenge
EcoDistrict
Protocol
Built environment Place Equity
Climate & energy Water Resilience
Economy & jobs Energy Climate protection
Education & community Health & happiness Place
Equity & empowerment Materials Prosperity
Health & safety Equity Health & wellbeing
Natural systems Beauty Connectivity
Innovation Living infrastructure
Tool Providers
Educational Institutions - 4%
Civil Engineering Groups - 8%
Housing & Environmental Groups - 12%
Urban Planning Groups - 10%
Organizations Dedicated to Specific Tools - 16%
Government Agencies - 24%
Green Building Organizations - 26%
Why is Sustainability Worth Appraising?
Why Urban Sustainability Appraisal?
• Over half of the world’s population now lives in cities
• Built environment decisions last for decades/centuries
• Impacts of choices can be assessed before committing
• Performance can be evaluated for continuous improvement
Why Sustainability Appraisal in Japan?
• People – changing demographics
• Places – low-carbon urban design
• Disaster resilience
• Neighborhood regeneration
Regenerative Planning
Across Generations
Energy Consequences of Urban Design & Transportation
Source: Rose, 2011
Optimizing Change With Appraisal Tools
• Tap into expert knowledge and frameworks
• Improve objectivity, consistency of decision-making
• Enable progress monitoring, learning & improvement
• Foster collaboration, accelerate sustainability
Capturing Appraisal Benefits
Norman, ASCE, 2006
CO2e savings
available in
neighborhood
location/design
/Cap
ita
Low Density Single Use
Neighborhood
High Density Mixed Use
Neighborhood
Appraisal Benefits Over Time
Assessment Trends for 23 Minnesota Cities
www.regionalindicatorsmn.com
Appraisal as Inclusion & Collaboration
12 Prerequisites 100 Credit Points
LEED Neighborhood Development
Group Question 2:
What Are Other Motivations for Sustainability
Appraisal?
Who Is Using Tools and How?
Users
• Planners & designers
• Developers
• Local, state, federal governments
• Sustainability advocates & civic organizations
Planners & Designers
• Best practices
• New professional opportunities, broader interdisciplinary palettes
• Recognition of excellence, innovation, leadership
Developers
• Market differentiation, competitive advantage
• Attract investment
• Lower life-cycle costs
• Strengthen corporate responsibility commitments
• Partner in achieving community goals
Business Benefits
Local Governments
• Derived, adapted policies and standards
• Incentives for developer participation, e.g. green tape
• Equivalency documentation for new development
• Direct participation with government property, required of new
development
Miami Beach, Florida
• All buildings over 650 sq meters - 5% of construction cost to Sustainability Fund
Uses of Sustainability Fund
State/Federal Governments
• Illinois and New York – financial incentives
• U.S. Dept. of Housing & Urban Development – assistance priority
• U.S. General Services Administration – requirement
Sustainability Advocates & Civic Organizations
• Demonstration projects – rating design & performance
• Public education – instructional framework & content
• Legislative proposals – derived policies & standards
A Continuum of Community Engagement
A Continuum of Tool Engagement
Tool Qualities
Qualities for Comparing Tools
• Scope, scale & type of appraisal
• Appraisal procedure & criteria
• Overall usefulness
Scope & Scale
• Topical scope – environmental, economic, social
• Physical scale – entire city, neighborhood, component system
• Temporal scale – past/present/future & static/recurring
• Built environment - planned or existing
Summative or Formative
• Summative – outcome-oriented
• Formative – process-oriented
Prescriptive or Adaptive
• Prescriptive - top-down expert-driven, outcome-oriented, rigid
• Adaptive - bottom-up stakeholder-driven, process-oriented, flexible
Appraisal Purpose & Setting
• Goal-setting in public or private processes
• Technical feedback during design of alternatives
• Frequent regulatory reviews
• Periodic monitoring of policy implementation
Comprehensiveness
• Holistic – environmental, social, economic, governance
• Single topic, e.g. transportation or water
Appraisal Procedure
• Self-assessment by user - 1st party
• Completed by tool provider - 2nd party
• Completed by independent reviewer – 3rd party
Appraisal Criteria
• Mandatory or elective
• Prescriptive or performance
• Scoring method, weighting rationale
• Criteria formulation process – who, transparent, accessible
• Regularly updated
Transect of Energy-Efficiency Criteria
APA
Sustain
Places
EcoDist
Protocol
LEED-ND
STAR 2030
Dist
Envision
SITES
EnterpriseLiving
Comm
Challenge
ASPIRATIONALCONVENTIONAL
Urban Compactness & Connectivity Criteria
Select Planned Neighborhood ToolsMinimums
Land-Use Density Intersection Density
BREEAM Communities --- ---
CASBEE Urban Development --- ---
DGNB Urban Districts --- ---
Enterprise Communities 10 DU/acre ---
GreenStar Communities --- ---
HQE Urban Planning --- ---
LEED-ND 7-12 DU/acre; 0.5-0.8 FAR 90/sq. mi.
Living Community Challenge 0.5 FAR 200/sq. mi.
Pearl Community --- ---
Appraisal Timeframe
- Minutes H+T Affordability Index
- Hours Enterprise Green Communities
- Weeks Sustaining Places
- Months SITES
- Years Living Community Challenge
Costs
• Tool provider fees
• Reference materials & training expenses
• Labor & materials to complete process & documentation
• Ongoing labor & materials to maintain rating
Tool Provider Background & User Support
• Type of organization, history with tools
• Technical reference documents
• Training
• Tool-related credential
• Staff & other support services
Tool Maturity & Market Impact
• Length of operation and current tool generation
• Number of assessments & ratings completed
• Verified performance of projects
Overall Usefulness
• Alignment of tool reputation & output with user organization goals & objectives
• Value-add proposition
• Tool efficiency = benefit / effort
Group Question 3:
What Are Other Important Tool Qualities
to Consider?
Technical Resources
Technical Resources for Users
• Knowledge hubs
• International standards
• Technical literature
iisd.org
iisd.org
DataForCities.org
International Standards
• International Standards Organization (ISO) standards
- 14001 – Environmental mgmt. systems
- 17065 – Certifying bodies
- 37101/37120 – Sustainable communities
• Sustainability Assessment and Measurement Principles (Bellagio
STAMP)
Module 1 Summary
Introduction to Urban Sustainability Appraisal Tools
• Global presence
• Multi-sector uses
• Measuring critical issues
• Wide variety of tool qualities
• Collaboration platforms & sustainability accelerators
• Particularly relevant to Japan
Sustainability Appraisal in Japan
• People – changing demographics
• Places – low-carbon urban design
• Disaster resilience
• Regenerated neighborhoods
Regenerative Planning
Across Generations
Age-Friendly Neighborhood Appraisal
• Multi-modal transportation
• Housing diversity
• Accessible daily needs
• Outdoor/nature connections
• Communications
• Community & health services
• Disaster preparedness
Group Question 4:
What are favorable points in Japanese community
planning and development process for appraisal?
Module 1 Questions & Discussion