workshop on direct brain/computer interface & control febo cincotti fondazione santa lucia irccs...
TRANSCRIPT
Workshop on direct brain/computer interface & control
Febo CincottiFondazione Santa Lucia IRCCSBrussels, August 2, 2006
PsychologicalEffort
(Intention)
Modification ofBrain Signals
Signal Features
ClassificationOf Intent
Increase of Increase of performanceperformance
appropriate feature extraction
appropriate feedback strategy
user
train
ing
com
pu
ter
train
ing
Environment
BCI: logical scheme (yet another!)
Multiple aims
Study of brain functions Rehabilitation
through substitution through restoration
Enhancement of brain-environment pathways
“Cyborg-like” applications
Workshop IV: Technology
Topic 1: Technical Requirements 4
Technical Requirements depend on the “User”
1. End user
2. Clinical researchers, Neuroscientists
3. Technical operators, Therapists
4. Gamers, entertainers
Cost/benefit of requirements vary over User Level
Workshop IV: Technology
Topic 1: Technical Requirements 6
Disability Level and Application
Communication
Environmental control
Robotics / Mobility devices
Neuroprosthetics
Multiple points of view Target users:
Researchers (e.g., clinical researchers, neuroscientists, signal processing experts, etc.);
Technical operators (e.g., caregivers, therapists who are in charge of training someone on BCI operation);
End-users (e.g., people with disabilities who rely on the system for communication)
Casual end-users (e.g., those who use a BCI as an alternative input for entertainment devices)
Disciplines involved in research Engineering Clinical ... Psychological Neuroscience
Clinical applications of BCI are not…
… just application of potentially working technologies to a new group of experimental subjects.
Working with patients requires taking into account new issues Human computer interaction Ease of use Reliability Sensible applications …
Invasive vs. noninvasive techniques
Multi-electrode grids implanted in cortex
Epi- or sub-dural implantation Surface EEG Non electrical signal (MEG, fMRI, NIRS,
…)
Integration with assistive technologies
need for "BCI device“ integration of the BCI device as a
control into standard domotic and robotic systems optimization of the BCI interface (to
user and to caregiver: generalization and simplification )
M1 Hand area RoI
Linear inverse estimates within a RoI are collapsed (mean)
Scalp EEG
“Virtual” electrode
Non-invasive cortical estimation of brain activity
Role of technical standards in the development of BCI systems helpful to foster involvement of companies
into the field important to promote cooperation among
research groups Topics for standardization:
system architecture relationship with existing human-computer
devices training procedures signal processing techniques indices of performance communication protocols with external devices
Advantage of Standards Improved interoperability of components
Lowers need for expertise Facilitates technology diffusion Facilitates performance comparison
FDA/CE certification is cheaper
Helps to solve legal disputes
Standardization of software Decision making
tool for operators
Documentation and reference for “good practice”
Pseudo-BCI applications
Monitoring Biofeedback Detection of psychological states EEG-EMG-EOG integration
Conclusions BCI field is out of the demonstrations phase and is
ready for clinical applications – need for more intense multidisciplinary cooperation
Any new BCI technology should be focused on improving the quality of life of the end user
Many technologies still do not meet the requirements of particular BCI applications
The BCI community needsa technology standardization committee
BCI systems that can improve people’s lives are within reach