workshop at institute for theoretical physics, university of wroclaw december 5. & 6. 2009

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Workshop at Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw

December 5. & 6. 2009

NICANICA Accelerator ComplexAccelerator ComplexNNuclotron-baseduclotron-based I Ionon CColliderollider ffAAcilitycility

O. KozlovO. Kozlovforfor NICA teamNICA team

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ContentsIntroduction:

1. NICA scheme & layout

2. Heavy ions in NICA

2.1. Operation regime and parameters

2.2. Collider

3. Polarized particle beams in NICA

4. NICA project status and nearest plans

Conclusion

O. Kozlov NICA Accel. Complex Workshop at Univ. of Wroclaw Dec. 5-6, 2009

3

The NICA Project goals

formulated in NICA CDR are the following:

1a) Heavy ion colliding beams 197Au79+ x 197Au79+ at

sNN = 4 11 GeV (1 4.5 GeV/u ion kinetic energy )

at

Laverage= 11027 cm-2s-1 (at sNN = 9 GeV)

1b) Light-Heavy ion colliding beams of the same energy range and luminosity

2) Polarized beams of protons and deuterons:

pp sNN = 12 25 GeV (5 12.6 GeV kinetic energy )

dd sNN = 4 13.8 GeV (2 5.9 GeV/u ion kinetic energy )


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1. NICA scheme &

layout

Synchrophasotron yoke

Nuclotron

Existing beam lines(Fixed target exp-s)

ColliderC = 251 m

“Old” linac

KRION-6T & HILac

Beam transfer line

MPD

Spin Physics Detector

(SPD)

2.3 m

4.0 m

Booster


5

1. NICA scheme & layout

(Contnd)

“Old” Linac LU-20

KRION + “New” HILACBooster

Nuclotron

Collider MPD

SPD Beam dump


6


Nuclotron (45 Tm)injection of one

bunch of 1.1×109 ions,

acceleration up to 14.5 GeV/u max.

Collider (45 Tm)Storage of

17 (20) bunches 1109 ions per ring

at 14.5 GeV/u,electron and/or stochastic cooling

Injector: 2×109 ions/pulse of 197Au32+ at energy of 6.2 MeV/u

IP-1

IP-2

Two superconducting

collider rings

2.1. Operation regime and

parameters

Booster (25 Tm)1(2-3) single-turn

injection, storage of 2 (4-6)×109,acceleration up to 100

MeV/u,electron cooling,

acceleration up to 600 MeV/uStripping (80%) 197Au32+

197Au79+

2х17 (20) injection

cycles


Bunch compression (RF phase jump)

7

Stage E MeV/u

unnorm mmmr

ad

p/p lbunch m

Intensityloss,%

Space charge Q

Injection (after bunching on 4th harmonics

6.2 10 1.3E-3 6 10 0.022

After cooling (h=1)

100 2.45 3.8E-4 7.17 <10 0.016

At extraction 600 0.89 3.2E-4 3.1 0.0085

Injection (after stripping)

594 0.89 3.4E-4 3.1 <20 0.051

After acceleration 3500 0.25 1.5E-4 2 <1 0.0075

At extraction 3500 0.25 110-3 0.5 Loss = 40%

Nextr= 1E9

0.03


(Contnd)

Bunch parameters dynamics in the injection

chain


parameters


8


(Contnd)

Bunch compression in Nuclotron

Phase space portraits of the bunch

Bunch rotation by “RF amplitude jump” 15 120 kV

, 10 deg./div

E – E0 , 2 GeV/div

1 2


parameters

A.Eliseev


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(Contnd)Bunch compression in Nuclotron

time, 0.1 sec/div.

E_r.m.c.

200 MeV/div.

_r.m.s.

5 deg./div.

(1 deg. 0.7 m)

_r.m.s.

0.5 eVsec/div

E – E0 , 2 GeV/div

Phase space portraits of the bunch (RF “phase jump” = 1800)

, 50 deg./div


parameters

A.Eliseev


10

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

0 2 4 6


(Contnd)Time Table of The Storage

Process


parameters

B(t

), a

rb. u

nit

s0

0,5

1

1,5

2

0 2 4 6

Booster magnetic field

B(t

), a

rb. u

nit

s

Nuclotron magnetic field

t, [s]

t, [s]


electroncooling

1 (2-3) injection cycles,electron cooling (?)

Extraction, stripping to 197Au79+

bunch compression,extraction

injection

34 injection cycles to Collider ringsof 1109 ions 197Au79+ per cycle

1.71010 ions/ring

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(Contnd)

MPD

RF

I.Meshkov, O.Kozlov, V.Mikhailov,A.Sidorin, A.Smirnov, N.Topilin

SPDx,y kicker

10 m

Injection channels

Spin rotator

3.2. Collider

Upper ring

Beam dump

Long. kicker

S_Cool PUx, y, long

E_cooler


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Ring circumference, [m] 251.52

B max [ Tm ] 45.0

Ion kinetic energy (Au79+), [GeV/u] 1.0 4.56

Dipole field (max), [ T ] 4.0

Quad gradient (max), [ T/m ] 29.0

Number of dipoles / length 24 / 3.0 m

Number of vertical dipoles per ring 2 x 4

Number of quads / length 32 / 0.4 m

Long straight sections: number / length

2 x 48.0 m

Short straight sections: number / length,

4 x 8.8 m


(Contnd) 2.2. Collider

General Parameters


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βx_max / βy_max in FODO period, m

16.8 / 15.2

Dx_max / Dy_max in FODO period, m

5.9 / 0.2

βx_min / βy_min in IP, m 0.5 / 0.5

Dx / Dy in IP, m 0.0 / 0.0

Free space at IP (for detector) 9 m

Beam crossing angle at IP 0

Betatron tunes Qx / Qy 5.26 / 5.17

Chromaticity Q’x / Q’y -12.22 / -11.85

Transition energy, _tr / E_tr 4.95 / 3.012 GeV/u

RF system harmonics amplitude, [kV]

102 100

Vacuum, [ pTorr ] 100 10


(Contnd)2.2. Collider General parameters (Contnd)


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Energy, GeV/u 1.0 3.5

Ion number per bunch 1E9 1E9

Number of bunches per ring 17 17

Rms unnormalized beam emittance, ∙mm mrad

3.8 0.25

Rms momentum spread 1E-3 1E-3

Rms bunch length, m 0.3 0.3

Luminosity per one IP, cm-2∙s-1 0.75E26 1.1E27

Incoherent tune shift Qbet 0.056 0.047

Beam-beam parameter 0.0026 0.0051

IBS growth time, s 650 50


(Contnd)2.2. Collider General parameters (Contnd)

Collider beam parameters and luminosity


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2) Injection and storage with barrier bucket

technique and cooling of a coasting (!) beam, 20

bunches, bunch number is limited by interbunch space in IP straight

section, bunch compression in Nuclotron is NOT required (!) Electron and/or stochastic cooling for storage and

luminosity preservation, bunch formation after storage are

required.


(Contnd)

Two injection schemes are considered:

1) bunch by bunch injection, 17 bunches: bunch number is limited by kicker pulse duration, bunch compression in Nuclotron is required (!) Electron and/or stochastic cooling is used for luminosity

preservation.

2.2. Collider (Contnd)


Under development by Prof. T.Katayama (retired from Tokyo Univ.)

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(Contnd)3.2. Collider

(Contnd)

Ion trajectory in the phase space (p, )

2

V(t)Cavity

voltage

(p)io

n

_stack

0

Barrier Bucket Method (Contnd)

Stack

NICA: Trevolution = 0.85 0.96 s, VBB 16 kV

The method was tested experimentally at ESR (GSI)

with electron cooling (2008).

p (p)separatrix

Unstable phase area

(injection area)

Cooling is ON


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1_norm E( )

2_norm E( )

E

_norm(E)

[∙mm∙mrad]

10

1.0

0.10.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5

E, GeV/u

1.6

0.8

N1 E( )

N2 E( )

4.50.5 E

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5

E, GeV/u

N_ion/bunch vs Energy

[1E9]

!


(Contnd)2.2. Collider

(Contnd)Collider luminosity vs Ion EnergyTwo outmost cases at QLasslett = Const :

1) L(E) = Const ;

2) Nion(E) = Const .

53norm32ion

1,

1)E(N

322norm )E(L,1

2

0.01

L1 E( )

L2 E( )

4.50.5 E

10

1.0

0.1

0.01 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5

4.5 E, GeV/u

L(E)

[1E27 cm-2∙s-1]


18

!

B [kG]

8

6

4

2

Te = 10 eV


(Contnd) 2.2. Collider (Contnd)

BETACOOL

simulation

Parameters

ion beam: 197Au79+ at 3.5 GeV/u, initial =0.5 ∙mm∙mrad, (p/p) = 1∙10-3

electron beam: Ie = 0.5 A, re = 2 mm, Te|| = 5 meV; = 0.024 (6 m/250 m)

IBS Heating and cooling – luminosity evolution at electron cooling

0

1E+27

2E+27

3E+27

4E+27

5E+27

6E+27

0 5 10 15 20 25reference time, sec

6

Luminosity

[1E27 cm-2∙s-1] 4

2

0

O. Kozlov NICA Accel. Complex Workshop at Univ. of Wroclaw Dec. 5-6, 2009Conclusion: Electron magnetization is much more preferable

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(Contnd)What is “old” and what is

new?2.2. Collider: the problems to be solved

Collider SC dipoles with max B up to

4 T,


“Flexible” lattice (transition energy change with

energy), RF parameters (related problem), Single bunch stability, Vacuum chamber impedance and multibunch

stability, Electron clouds (vacuum chamber coating?), Stochastic cooling of bunched ion beam, Electron cooling at electron energy up to 2.5 MeV.

see below

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3. Polarized particle beams in

NICA Longitudinal polarization

formation MPDYu.Filatov,I.Meshkov

BB

Upper ring

SPD

Spin rotator:

“Full Siberian snake”


“Siberian snake”: Protons, 1 E 12 GeV (BL)solenoid 50 T∙m

Deuterons, 1 E 5 GeV/u (BL)solenoid 140 T∙m

21


(Contnd)Longitudinal polarization formation

(Contnd) MPD

SPD

B

Lower ring

“Full Siberian snake”


22

From NuclotronS

a1B

)BL(

ion

dipole


(Contnd)

Spin rotator

B

Longitudinally polarized particles injection

~ 900


Protons, 1 E 12 GeV (BL)dipole 3 T∙m

Deuterons, 1 E 5 GeV/u (BL)dipole 5.8 T∙m

23


(Contnd)Transverse polarization

formation MPD

SPD

B

Lower ring

Dipole “450”


B (450)

Dipole “450”

B (450)

24

Energy, GeV 5 12

Proton number per bunch 6E10 1.5E10

Rms relative momentum spread 10E-3 10E-3

Rms bunch length, m 1.7 0.8

Rms (unnormalized) emittance, mmmrad

0.24 0.027

Beta-function in the IP, m 0.5 0.5

Lasslet tune shift 0.0074 0.0033

Beam-beam parameter 0.005 0.005

Number of bunches 10 10

Luminosity, cm-2∙s-1 1.1E30

1.1E30


(Contnd)

Parameters of polarized proton beams in collider


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Type of resonance

Resonance condition

Number of resonances at acceleration

p 0 – 12 GeV

d 0 – 6 GeV/u

1.Intrinsic res. Qs = kp Qz 6 0

2.Integer res. Qs = k 25 1 (5.6 GeV/u)

3.Nonsuperperiodic

Qs = m Qz , m kp

44 2

4.Coupling res. Qs = m Qx 49 2


(Contnd)Polarized particle acceleration in Nuclotron:

Spin resonances

Q – betatron and spin precession tunes,

k, m – integers, p – number of superperiods (8 for Nuclotron) Power of the Spin resonances: P1,2 ~ 103∙P3,4


26

y

s x

y y

s

y

sx

y

t

Qs - QresSpin tune dynamics

Protons, 12 GeV, Q ~ 0.01, t = 50 s

x ~ 0.2, BxLx = 0.18 T∙m, y ~ 0.2, Bs∙Ls = 4.7 T∙m,

x -y -2∙xy

x

QS = x∙y/2 per 1 turn


(Contnd) Polarized proton acceleration in Nuclotron:

Crossing of spin resonances

BxBs Bs Bx

Bx

Fast spin rotator

x

y

s

Yu.Filatov


27

4. NICA project status and plans

January 2008

NICA CDR MPD LoI

Conceptual Design Reportof

Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA)(Short version)

January 2009

NICA CDR (Short version)


28

4. NICA project status and plans (Contnd)

Ускорительно-накопительныйкомплекс NICA

(Nuclotron-based Ion Collider

fAcility)

Технический проект

Том I

Дубна, 2009

Ускорительно-накопительныйкомплекс NICA

(Nuclotron-based Ion Collider

fAcility)

Технический проект

Том II

Дубна, 2009

August 2009

NICA TDR (volumes I & II)


29

4. NICA project status and plans (Contnd) Approved byDirector of JINR

academician A.N.Sisakian____________________

Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) "____ " 2009 г.

Technical Design ReportProject leaders: A.Sisakian,A.Sorin

TDR has been developed by the NICA collaboration:JINR

Physicists and engineers: N.Agapov, E.Ahmanova, V.Alexandrov, A.Alfeev, O.Brovko, A.Butenko, E.D.Donets,

E.E.Donets, A.Eliseev, A.Govorov, I.Issinsky, E.Ivanov, V.Karpinsky, V.Kekelidze, G.Khodzhibagiyan, A.Kobets,

V.Kobets, A.Kovalenko, O.Kozlov, A.Kuznetsov, V.Mikhailov, V.Monchinsky, A.Sidorin, A.Smirnov, A.Olchevsky,

R.Pivin, Yu.Potrebennikov, A.Rudakov, A.Smirnov, G.Trubnikov, V.Shevtsov, B.-R.Vasilishin, V.Volkov,

S.Yakovenko, V.Zhabitsky

Designers: V.Agapova, G.Berezin, V.Borisov, V.Bykovsky, A.Bychkov, T.Volobueva, E.Voronina, S.Kukarnikov,

T.Prakhova, S.Rabtsun, G.Titova, Yu.Tumanova, A.Shabunov, V.Shokin IHEP, Protvino O.Belyaev, Yu.Budanov, S.Ivanov, A.Maltsev, I.Zvonarev,

INR RAS, TroitskV.Matveev, A.Belov, L.Kravchuk

Budker INP, Novosibirsk V.Arbuzov, Yu.Biriuchevsky, S.Krutikhin, G.Kurkin, B.Persov, V.Petrov, A.Pilan

Chief engineer of the Project V.Kalagin, Chief designer of the Project N.Topilin

Editors: I.Meshkov, A.Sidorin


30

4. NICA project status and plans (Contnd)

Since publication of the 1-st version of the NICA CDR

The Concept was developed, the volumes I and II of the

TDR have been completed:

Volume I – Part 1, General description

Part 2, Injector complex

Volume II – Part 3, Booster-Synchrotron

A brief review of the Project, its status and plans of

realization are presented here.


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Infrastructure

Control systems

PS systems

Diagnostics

Collider

Transfer channel to Collider

Nuclotron-NICA

Nuclotron-M

Booster + trans. channel

LINAC + trans. channel

KRION

2015201420132012201120102009

operation

comms/operatn

mountg+commssiong

Manufctrng + mounting

design

R & D


Booster: magnetic system


32

HILAC – Heavy ion linac RFQ + Drift Tube Linac (DTL),

under design and construction (O.Belyaev & the Team, IHEP,

Protvino).


4.1. Injector

KRION - Cryogenic ion source of “electron-string” type

developed by E.Donets group at JINR. It is aimed to

generation of heavy multicharged ions (e.g.197Au32+).

RFQ Electrode

s

2H cavities of "Ural" RFQ(prototype)

Sector H-cavityof “Ural” RFQ

DTL(prototype)

E.D.DonetsE.E.Donets


To be commissioned in

2013.

KRION-6T Cryostat & vac. chamber


2013.

33


4.2. Booster

Superconducting Booster

in the magnet yoke

of The SynchrophasotronSynchrophasotron

yoke

B = 25 Tm, Bmax = 1.8 T1) 3 single-turn injections 2) Storage and electron

cooling of 8×109 197Au32+

3) Acceleration up to 600 MeV/u

4) Extraction & stripping

A.ButenkoV.MikhailovG.KhodjibagiyanN.Topilin

Nuclotron

Booster

“Nuclotron-type” SC magnets for Booster

2.3 m

4.0 mVladimir I. Veksler

Dismounting is in progress presently


2013.


34


4.2. Booster

(Contnd)


35


4.2. Booster

(Contnd)

2.3 m

4.0 m

Heavy ion LinacBeam injection

Slow extraction

Fast extractionTransfer to Nuclotron

RF system

Electron coolingsystem

Experimental areabld. 1 B


36


4.2. Booster

(Contnd)

Booster parameters

Circumference 214 m

Max B 27 T·m

Lattice type FODO

Superperiods 4

Periods 24

Strait sections 2 x 8,6 m

Dipol magnets 40 x 2 m

Maximum dipole field

1,8 T

Quadrupole magnets

48 x 0.4 m

Vacuum 10-11 Torr


37

4. NICA project status and plans5.2. Booster

(Contnd)

SC hollow cable


SC magnet technologySC magnet technology

38

4. NICA project status and plans 4.2. Booster

(Contnd)

electron gun

collector

cryogenic shield

superconducting solenoids

“warm” solenoids

E.Ahmanova, I.Meshkov,A.Smirnov, N.Topilin, Yu.Tumanova, S.Yakovenko

Electron cooling system of the

Booster


superconducting solenoids

39


2013.


4.3. Nuclotron-

NICA

To be designed, constructed and commissioned:

1.Injection system (new HILAC)

2.RF system – new version with bunch

compression

3.Dedicated diagnostics

4.Single turn extraction with fine

synchronization

5.Polarized protons acceleration in

Nuclotron

G.Trubnikov & the Team


40


4.4. Collider

“Twin magnets” for NICA collider rings

“Twin” dipoles

“Twin” quadrupoles

1 – Cos coils, 2 – “collars”, 3 – He header,

4 – iron yoke, 5 – thermoshield, 6 – outer jacket

Double ring collider; (B)max = 45 Tm, Bmax = 4 T

A.KovalenkoG.Khodjibagiyan



2014.

41

4. NICA project status and plans4.4. Collider

Electron cooling system of the ColliderMax electron energy, MeV 2.5Max electron current, A 0.5Solenoid magnetic field, T 0.3

“Magnetized” electron beamSolenoid type: “warm” at acceleration columns superconducting at transportation and cooling

sections

HV generator: Dynamitron type

I.MeshkovA.SmirnovS.Yakovenko

O. Kozlov NICA Accel. Complex Workshop at Univ. of Wroclaw Dec. 5-6, 20096 m

3 m


2014.Under development in collaboration with - All-Russian Institute for Electrotechnique (Moscow)

- FZ Juelich

- Budker INP

42O. Kozlov NICA Accel. Complex Workshop at Univ. of Wroclaw Dec. 5-6, 2009

GSI/FAIR SC dipoles for Booster/SIS-100 SC dipoles for Collider


4.5. NICA

Collaboration Budker INP Booster RF system Booster electron

cooling Collider RF system Collider SC magnets (expertise) HV electron cooler

for collider

Electronics (?)

IHEP (Protvino) Injector Linac

FZ Jűlich (IKP)

HV Electron cooler

Stoch. cooling Fermilab

HV Electron cooler

Beam dynamics Stoch. cooling

All-Russian Institute for Electrotechnique

HV Electron cooler

Corporation “Powder Metallurgy” (Minsk, Belorussia): Technology of TiN coating of vacuum chamber walls for reduction of secondary emission

BNL (RHIC)

Electron &Stoch. Cooling

ITEP: Beam dynamics in the collider

GSI/JINR/BNL2005 - 2009

Round Table Discussions I, II, III, IV JINR, Dubna, 2005, 2006, 2008

http://theor.jinr.ru/meetings/2008/roundtable/

43

Thank you for your attention!


SPD 25

m

From Nuclotron

“Collider 2T”

Collider: C_Ring 380 м

Dipoles 2 Тл

Luminosity?

MPD

“Collider 2T” (Contnd)

Dipoles 2

Тл

G.Khodjibagiyan et al.

Внутренние пучки

ETA-NUCLEI, DELTA-2, LNS

Выведенные пучки

ALPOM, BECQUEREL, DELTA-SIGMA, ENERGY & TRANSMUTATION, FAZA-3, GAMMA-2, GIBS, MARUSYA, NIS, KRISTAL, TPD, STRELA, Med-Nuclotron, Radiobiological investigations

Интерес стран к работам на Нуклотроне Интерес стран к работам на Нуклотроне

workshop at institute for theoretical physics, university of wroclaw december 5. & 6. 2009

Documents

electron cooling

electron energy

bunch number

cooling h

ion number

max dy

number length

electron magnetization