works of ird in the water sector in burkina faso · ird and water in burkina faso ... ecological...

IRD and Water in Burkina FasoIRD and Water in Burkina Faso

GLOWA-Volta project Phase III – Schedule of inception workshop [CRFS – Dano – Sept 21-22, 2006]

Philippe CECCHIPhilippe CECCHI((ResearchResearch Unit 167 CyRoCo)Unit 167 CyRoCo)

[email protected]@ird.bf

AquaticAquatic ecololyecololy emphasisemphasis

OutlineOutline

IRD in the WorldIRD in the WorldIRD in Burkina FasoIRD in Burkina FasoResearchResearch UnitsUnits InvolvedInvolvedCyRoCo in Burkina Faso CyRoCo in Burkina Faso ObjectivesObjectivesSomeSome resultsresultsPerspectivesPerspectivesCollaborative Collaborative frameworkframework

IRD: structures & objectivesIRD: structures & objectivesIRD IRD isis a a French publicFrench public science & science & technologytechnology researchresearch instituteinstitute(joint (joint authorityauthority of French of French ministriesministries: : researchresearch, , overseasoverseas…)…)

3 main missions: 3 main missions: researchresearch, , consultancyconsultancy & training.& training.

ScientificScientific programsprograms: : -- sustainablesustainable developmentdevelopment-- countries of the countries of the SouthSouth-- man and the man and the environmentenvironment

5 5 departmentsdepartments and 79 and 79 ResearchResearch UnitsUnits-- EarthEarth and and EnvironmentEnvironment -- Expertise and consultingExpertise and consulting-- Living Living ResourcesResources -- Support and training Support and training -- SocietiesSocieties and and HealthHealth

ResearchResearch unitsunits and issuesand issuesall IRD all IRD

Earth and Environment

Living Resources

Societies and Health

Natural Hazards, Climate and non-renewal Resources 8

Sustainable management of Southern Ecosystems 7 11 1

Continental and Coastal Waters 6 5

Food Security in the South 9 1

Public Health and Health Policy 13

Globalization and Development 2 2 14

DepartmentsTr

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ResearchResearch unitsunits and issuesand issuesall IRD all IRD

Earth and Environment

Living Resources

Societies and Health

Natural Hazards, Climate and non-renewal Resources 8

Sustainable management of Southern Ecosystems 7 11 1


Food Security in the South 9 1

Public Health and Health Policy 13

Globalization and Development 2 2 14

DepartmentsTr

ansv

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l the

mat

ics

11 / 79 (≈ 14%) directly involved in water related issues(hydrology and hydrobiology sensu very largo)

IRD in the WorldIRD in the World

35 implantations (10 + 25 abroad)2000 agents; 1500 scientists50 countries with scientific interventions

traditionnal axis of « cooperation »

IRD in Burkina Faso: IRD in Burkina Faso: 60 60 yearsyears of interventions of interventions

19471947: : smallsmall staff in the MURAZ Centre (Bobostaff in the MURAZ Centre (Bobo--Dioulasso)Dioulasso)19551955: first : first agronomicalagronomical studystudy19581958: : hydrologicalhydrological service in Ouagadougouservice in Ouagadougoufromfrom 1950 to 1950 to --6060: : regularregular interventions interventions fromfrom abroadabroad(monographies, (monographies, mapsmaps, , creationcreation of of severalseveral networks: climat, networks: climat, hydrologyhydrology, etc.), etc.)19621962: social : social scientistsscientists fromfrom ORSTOM ORSTOM atat IFAN (Institut IFAN (Institut Français d' Afrique Noire ).Français d' Afrique Noire ).

19681968: : openingopening of the ORSTOM of the ORSTOM –– IRD implantation in Ouaga. IRD implantation in Ouaga. There There isis alsoalso a a secondarysecondary implantation in Boboimplantation in Bobo--DioulassoDioulasso(transformation (transformation fromfrom ORSTOM to ORSTOM to IRDIRD tooktook place in place in 19981998))

ResearchResearch unitsunits and issuesand issuesBurkina Faso (1)Burkina Faso (1)

Full time Mission

Natural Hazards, Climate and non-renewal ResourcesSustainable management of Southern Ecosystems 1


Food Security in the South 2

Public Health and Health Policy 5 2

Globalization and Development 4 4

Tran

sver

sal t

hem

atic

s

4 / 22 (≈ 18%) directly involved in water related issues(hydrology and hydrobiology sensu very largo)


Full time Mission

Natural Hazards, Climate and non-renewal ResourcesSustainable management of Southern Ecosystems 1


Food Security in the South 2

Public Health and Health Policy 5 2

Globalization and Development 4 4

Tran

sver

sal t

hem

atic

s


US 019 (B. THEBE) US 019 (B. THEBE) www.usobhi.net/www.usobhi.net/””Hydrological monitoring systems and engineering”Hydrological monitoring systems and engineering”

UR 167 (R. ARFI)UR 167 (R. ARFI) www.com.univwww.com.univ--mrs.fr/IRD/cyroco/mrs.fr/IRD/cyroco/””Cyanobacteria of shallow tropical waters. Roles and Cyanobacteria of shallow tropical waters. Roles and

controls”controls”

UR 50 (E. SERVAT) UR 50 (E. SERVAT) www.hydrosciences.org/www.hydrosciences.org/””HydrosciencesHydrosciences””

URUR 154 154 ((G. G. DUPRE) DUPRE) www.lmtg.obswww.lmtg.obs--mip.frmip.fr””Laboratory for mechanisms and transfers in geology”Laboratory for mechanisms and transfers in geology”

CyRoCo (CyRoCo (generalgeneral purposepurpose))Aquatic (tropical) ecosystems are threaten by diverse, intense and growing anthropogenic pressures. CyanobacteriaCyanobacteria constitute an importante element of phytoplankton and food web. Theirproliferationsproliferations (or blooms) always indicate a metabolicmetabolicderegulationderegulation. . Cyanobacterial blooms impactimpact water water qualityquality and and productivityproductivity and alleviate goods and services provided by aquaticecosystems. CyRoCoCyRoCo is a multidisciplinary project focused on the ecological importance of cyanobacteria: a better understanding of the determinismdeterminism and the consequencesconsequences of cyanobacterial proliferations isour main objective.

Limnology is born in Switzerland (XIX century) and has been defined by its first specialist as « lake’ oceanography »…

WhyWhy algaealgae and cyanobacteria?and cyanobacteria?Because they constitute the basis of aquatic life…

LIGHT

NUTRIENTS ALGAE

Quick look :

a "normal" functionning corresponds to:- a very large diversity (many different algal species),- successions of species in time as in space

This « normality » means:- resilience: reproduction of situation (and of species)- stability (and reproductibility) of trophic relationships (foodweb)…

diatoms

greenBlue-green

avril juin août nov.

diatoms

CyanobacterialCyanobacterial bloombloommeansmeans an interruption in the an interruption in the regularregular cycles cycles of the of the ecosystemsecosystems;;meansmeans the dominance in the dominance in spacespace / time of one / time of one or or somesome strainsstrains;;and and leadsleads to to veryvery simple questions:simple questions:WhereWhere, , whenwhen and and whywhy ??WhichWhich consequencesconsequences??

ecologicalecological ------------------------------>> eutrophicationeutrophicationsanitarysanitary ------------------------------>> toxinstoxinseconomiceconomic ------------------------------>> fisheriesfisheries

SomeSome commun cyanobacteriacommun cyanobacteria

Lyngbia

Microcystis Planktothrix

Anabaena

in Burkina Fasoin Burkina FasoIncreasing populations

Increasing demand for tap water, food, energy, etc.<increasing demand for water<increasing number of reservoirs<densification of reservoirs networks

Urban extension and agricultural intensificationwith direct and indirect impacts on reservoirs:

<aquatic ecosystems properties (HAB)<water masses potentialities (Fisheries)<goods and services (« quality »)

in Burkina Fasoin Burkina Faso

anthropogenicanthropogenic factorsfactors as promotors of as promotors of cyanobacterial blooms?cyanobacterial blooms?

in in otherother wordswords::

cyanobacterial blooms as cyanobacterial blooms as footprintsfootprints of of anthropogenicanthropogenic pressures?pressures?

FIELD METHODS…FIELD METHODS…

FromFrom HearthHearth and and AtmosphereAtmosphere… to Water… to Water((catchmentcatchment….. ….. dustdust & & rainsrains…. …. communitiescommunities))

CyRoCo (CyRoCo (methodsmethods))

Question 1Question 1

About About smallsmall reservoirsreservoirs and and anthropogenicanthropogenicpressures?pressures?

wherewhere are are reservoirsreservoirs??

ResultsResults (situation)(situation)

Reservoirs (>1500) and Rural Population densities / dprt (N=350)in Burkina Faso (274 000 km2)

ResultsResults ((targettarget areas)areas)Nbre de barrage/10mn

10 - 26 (22)5 - 10 (75)2 - 5 (172)1 - 2 (167)0 - 1 (488)

Koubri-Kombissiri

Kaya-Kongoussi

Po -Tiébélé

Reservoir densities / CRU pixel (10’ x 10’)

ResultsResults ((targettarget areas)areas)

Highlights Nakambé basin

Departments with both elevated reservoir’s & pop’s densities


Are Are therethere major major differencesdifferences betweenbetween the the Nakambe and the Nakambe and the otherother large basins of the large basins of the country?country?

Cyano FASO 2004Cyano FASO 2004

CYANO FASO 2004 (1)CYANO FASO 2004 (1)

Limnological Sampling and Planktonic Communities Studies


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Fada

Fada N'Gourma

Nombamba

OuahigouyaSian

OuagadougouTitao

Petit Balé

Sourou

BazegaBagré

Kompienga

LoumbilaZiga

Douna

ToussianaDissin

Koupela

Pouytenga

Tougou

MoussodougouBam

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Kanazoé Classe-1

Classe-3

Classe-5

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10

20

30

40

50

60

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90

100

ZooplanktonErosion of diversity

EnvironmentTypology of sites


Phytoplankton- cyanobacteria- Nakambe

Cyanobacteria- biogeography- toxicity


??AnthropogenicAnthropogenic pressures pressures atat the Nakambe the Nakambe scalescale to to explainexplain the the observedobserved differencesdifferences??

FACIES 2005FACIES 2005

FACIES 2005 (0)FACIES 2005 (0)


MethodologyMethodology::-- lakelake surface surface samplesample (e.g. 5 L)(e.g. 5 L)-- filtration 0.2µmfiltration 0.2µm-- cartridgecartridge to to collectcollect dissolveddissolved materialmaterial-- elutionelution of of dissolveddissolved materialmaterial collectedcollected-- dilution of dilution of thisthis elutionelution-- test on test on aquaticaquatic organismsorganisms ((fromfrom elsewhereelsewhere))


Ex. of Ex. of resultsresultszooplancton zooplancton 3 3 reservoirsreservoirsmortalitymortality indexindexhudgehudge effecteffect (A)(A)no no effecteffect (B)(B)slightslight effecteffect (C)(C)

PERSPECTIVESPERSPECTIVES

1.1. Faso MAB (2006 Faso MAB (2006 –– 2007)2007)2.2. IMPECAIMPECA3.3. SRPSRP4.4. BFPBFP

Faso MAB (Faso MAB (fundedfunded by IRD)by IRD)

creationcreation of an interactive of an interactive atlasatlas of of lakeslakes and and reservoirsreservoirs in Burkina Faso (DGRE in Burkina Faso (DGRE websitewebsite))production of a production of a seriesseries of of thematicthematic mapsmaps(the « (the « contextscontexts » of » of reservoirsreservoirs))

nextnext yearyear: to : to collectcollect and and capitalizecapitalize ALL ALL environmentalenvironmental and and ecologicalecological data data collectedcollectedby IRD / CyRoCo by IRD / CyRoCo fromfrom 2003 to 2003 to nownow..


1.1. Faso MABFaso MAB2.2. IMPECA (2007 IMPECA (2007 –– 2008)2008)3.3. SRPSRP4.4. BFPBFP

IMPECA (IMPECA (proposedproposed to DANIDA)to DANIDA)

MASSILILoumbila

tap water production

NARIARLEKoubri

agric. intensification

2000 km2

1000 km2

1 reservoir

50 reservoirs

OUAGA

URBAN MARKETvegetable prod. +++inputs +++pollutions +++ (?)

IMPECA: questionsIMPECA: questions

MASSILILoumbila


NARIARLEKoubri



Impacts of vegetable productions and pesticides on the Ecology of aquatic communities?

From field to reservoirs:- quantification of inputs- identification of molecules

From reservoirs to lab:- toxicity of pesticides-bacteria, phyto- zooplankton

IMPECA: questionsIMPECA: questions

MASSILILoumbila


NARIARLEKoubri



Two contrasted situations

Toxicity already documented

IWRM:- comparisons- recommendations

Sanitary aspects:- guide-information


1.1. Faso MABFaso MAB2.2. IMPECAIMPECA3.3. SRP (2005 SRP (2005 –– 2007)2007)4.4. BFPBFP

SRP (SRP (FundedFunded by CPWF)by CPWF)corresponds to corresponds to ourour corecore activitiesactivities in Burkinain Burkina

SRP (SRP (FundedFunded by CPWF)by CPWF)

Increasing populations

Increasing demand for tap water, food, energy, etc.<increasing demand for water<increasing number of reservoirs<densification of reservoirs networks

Urban extension and agricultural intensificationwith direct and indirect impacts on reservoirs:

<aquatic ecosystems properties (HAB)<water masses potentialities (Fisheries)<goods and services (« quality »)


1.1. Faso MABFaso MAB2.2. IMPECAIMPECA3.3. SRPSRP4.4. BFP (2006 BFP (2006 –– 2007)2007)

BFP (BFP (FundedFunded by CPWF)by CPWF)corresponds to a corresponds to a valuablevaluable ouputouput for for ourour activitiesactivities in in BurkinaBurkinacontribution to a contribution to a synthesissynthesis atat the the Volta Basin Volta Basin scalescale, , focusedfocused on water on water productivityproductivity and water and water povertypoverty..Pro Pro poorpoor approachapproach: « in : « in whichwhich waysways maymay smallsmall reservoirsreservoirscontributecontribute toto–– alleviationalleviation of waterof water povertypoverty and and –– enhancementenhancement of waterof water productivityproductivity ».».

Collaborative Collaborative frameworkframework

CyRoCoCyRoCo: IRD + : IRD + UnivUniv. Montpellier, Marseille, . Montpellier, Marseille, La réunion, Paris VII + CNRS Montpellier, La réunion, Paris VII + CNRS Montpellier, Marseille + INRA + MNHNMarseille + INRA + MNHN

SRPSRP: IWMI, : IWMI, UnivUniv. Delft, . Delft, CornellCornell, SEI…, SEI…

In Burkina FasoIn Burkina Faso: DGRE + : DGRE + UnivUniv. Ouaga + . Ouaga + INSS/CNRSTINSS/CNRST

Thank you for your attention…

(Dissin, April 2004)

works of ird in the water sector in burkina faso · ird and water in burkina faso ... ecological...

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