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Workplace Safety and Health Report, 2013 National Statistics

Workplace Safety & Health Statistics Report, 2013

Workplace Safety and Health Institute, Singapore 2

Table of contents

Page

Notations and List of Charts 3 List of Tables

4

Key Facts 5 Overview 6 Workplace Fatal Injuries 11 Work-related Traffic Fatal Injuries 22 Workplace Major Injuries 24 Workplace Minor Injuries 30 Occupational Diseases 37 Annex A Table A-1 – Accident Frequency Rate (AFR) and Accident

Severity Rate (ASR) in selected sectors, 2012 and 2013 48

Annex A Table A-2 – Number of man-days lost to workplace incidents in

selected sectors, 2012 and 2013 49

Annex B - Source of Data 50 Annex C - Data Coverage 51 Annex D - Concepts and Definitions 52



NOTATIONS

- : Nil or negligible n.a. : Not applicable/Not available * : Estimated rates. The employment data excludes self-employed persons.

LIST OF CHARTS

Figure 1: Workplace fatal injury rate, 2004-2013 Figure 2: Workplace major injury rate, 2011-2013 Figure 3: Workplace minor injury rate, 2011-2013 Figure 4: Occupational disease incidence, 2004-2013 Figure 5: Workplace fatal injury rate for Construction, 2006-2013 Figure 6: Workplace fatal injury rate for Marine, 2006-2013 Figure 7: Workplace fatal injury rate for Manufacturing, 2006-2013 Figure 8: Noise-induced Deafness incidence, 2004-2013 Figure 9: Top 5 Industries with back injury cases with ergonomic risks



LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Number of workplace injuries and occupational diseases, 2012 and 2013

Table 1.2: Key workplace safety and health indicators, 2012 and 2013

Table 1.3: Workplace Accident Frequency Rate, 2006 – 2013 Table 1.4 Workplace Accident Severity Rate, 2006 – 2013 Table 1.5: Number of workplace fatal injuries by industry, 2012 and 2013

Table 1.6: Workplace fatal Injury rate by industry, 2012 and 2013 Table 1.7: Number of workplace fatal injuries by incident types and agents, 2012 and

2013 Table 1.8: Number of workplace fatal injuries by industry and incident types, 2012 and

2013 Table 1.9: Number of work-related traffic fatal injuries by industry, 2013 Table 1.10: Number of work-related traffic fatal injuries by type of vehicles, 2013

Table 1.11: Number of work-related traffic fatal injuries by occupation and road user types, 2013

Table 1.12: Number of workplace major injuries by industry, 2012 and 2013

Table 1.13: Workplace major injury rates by industry, 2012 and 2013

Table 1.14: Types of workplace major injury, 2012 and 2013 Table 1.15: Number of workplace major injuries by key incident types and key incident

agents, 2012 and 2013 Table 1.16: Top 3 incident types for workplace major injuries by industry, 2013 Table 1.17: Number of workplace minor injuries by industry, 2012 and 2013 Table 1.18: Workplace minor injury rates by industry, 2012 and 2013 Table 1.19: Number of workplace minor injuries by key incident types and key incident

agents, 2012 and 2013 Table 1.20: Top 3 incident types for workplace minor injuries by industry, 2013 Table 1.21: Types of workplace minor injury, 2012 and 2013 Table 1.22: Number of confirmed occupational disease cases by industry, 2012 and 2013

Table 1.23: Occupational disease incidence rates by industry, 2012 and 2013

Table 1.24: Number of confirmed occupational diseases by type, 2012 and 2013 Table 1.25: Number of confirmed NID cases by industry, 2012 and 2013 Table 1.26: NID incidence rates by industry, 2012 and 2013

Table 1.27: Number of confirmed OSD cases by industry, 2012 and 2013 Table 1.28: Top 5 causative agents of OSD, 2013



KEY FACTS Workplace fatal injury rate remained at 2.1, but number of workplace minor injuries rose in 2013

The Ministry of Manpower will include back injury cases due to ergonomic risks1 as cases of

work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD), an occupational disease (OD), with effect

from 2014. For the 2013 OD statistics, we have reflected the estimated number of back

injury cases and adjusted the statistics as shown in parenthesis. This is to signal its

importance and to drive efforts for the prevention of WRMSD at the workplace. Including

these cases will make WRMSD the second most common OD in Singapore.

Overview of the 2013 statistics on workplace safety and health in Singapore: Workplace injuries

• 59 workers (73 including work-related traffic fatal injuries) were fatally injured at work, a rate of 2.1 (2.3 including work-related traffic fatal injuries) per 100,000 employed persons.

• 589 workers sustained major injuries at work, a rate of 20.7 per 100,000 employed persons.

• 11,467 (11,253 after excluding back injury cases due to ergonomic risks) workers encountered less severe injuries (i.e. minor injuries), a rate of 403 (396) per 100,000 employed persons.

• 633,416 man-days were lost at work, a rate of 91 man-days lost per million man-hours worked (i.e. accident severity rate).

• 1.7 incidents occurred at work for every million man-hours worked (i.e. accident frequency rate).

Work-related Traffic Fatal Injuries

• 14 workers were fatally injured from work-related traffic accidents. Occupational diseases

• 673 occupational disease (OD) cases (887 including back injury cases due to ergonomic risks) were confirmed this year, an incidence rate of 23.7 (31.2 including back injury cases due to ergonomic risks) per 100,000 employed persons.

• Leading OD is noise-induced deafness with 564 cases.

• Second most common OD is work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) with 237 cases, with inclusion of back injury cases due to ergonomic risks.

1 Back injury cases due to ergonomic risks were included as minor injuries in previous Annual WSH Statistics Reports.



OVERVIEW Workplace Injuries For the year of 2013, the overall number of reported workplace injuries increased by 9.0% as compared to same period last year (Table 1.1). The number of workplace fatal injuries saw a slight increase from 56 in 2012 to 59 in 2013 (Table 1.1). Workplace fatal injury rate remained at 2.1 per 100,000 employed persons in 2012 and 2013 (Table 1.2). Workplace major injuries remained about the same, 589 in 2013 compared to 588 in 2012. Workplace major injury rate was 20.7 per 100,000 employed persons as at 2013, down from 21.6 in the same period last year. Workplace minor injuries saw an increase of 9.5% from the previous year (10,469 in 2012 to 11,467 in 2013). Workplace minor injury rate was 403 per 100,000 employed persons in 2013, up from 384 in 2012.

Table 1.1: Number of workplace injuries and occupational diseases, 2012 and 2013

Figures in parentheses refer to figures which include/exclude back injury cases due to ergonomic risks as WRMSD cases in Occupational Disease statistics. Data are not strictly comparable with 2012 data.

2013 2012

Workplace Injuries 12,115 (11,901) 11,113

Fatal Injuries 59 56

Major Injuries 589 588

Minor Injuries 11,467 (11,253) 10,469

Work-related Traffic Fatal Injuries 14 12

Occupational Diseases (OD) 673 (887) 987



Table 1.2: Key workplace safety and health indicators, 2012 and 2013

Per 100,000 employed persons

2013 2012

Workplace Injury Rate2 426 (418) 407

Fatal injury rate 2.1 2.1

Major Injury rate 20.7 21.6

Minor Injury rate 403 (396) 384

Accident Frequency Rate3 1.7(1.7) 1.7

Accident Severity Rate4 91 (91) 88

Occupational Diseases Incidence Rate5 23.7 (31.2) 36.2

Figures in parentheses refer to figures which include/exclude back injury cases due to ergonomic risks as WRMSD cases in the OD statistics. Data are not strictly comparable with 2012 data.

Figure 1: Workplace fatal injury rate, 2004-2013

2 Workplace Injury Rate = No. of Fatal and Non-Fatal Workplace Injuries x 100,000

No. of Employed Persons 3 Accident Frequency Rate (AFR) = No. of Workplace Accidents Reported x 1,000,000

No. of Man-hours Worked 4 Accident Severity Rate (ASR) = No. of Man Days Lost To Workplace Accidents x 1,000,000

No. of Man-hours Worked 5 Occupational Disease Incidence = No. of Occupational Diseases x 100,000

No. of Employed Persons

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

No. of Workplace Fatal Injuries 83 71 62 63 67 70 55 61 56 59

Workplace Fatal Injury Rate 4.9 4.0 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1

3-year rolling average 4.0 3.3 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.2

4.9

4.0

3.1

2.92.8

2.9

2.22.3

2.1 2.1

4.0

3.3

2.9 2.9

2.62.5

2.2 2.2

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Rate (per 100,000 employed

persons)

Number of

Workplace Fatal Injuries



Figure 2: Workplace major injury rate, 2011-2013

Figure 3: Workplace minor injury rate, 2011-2013

A total of 633,416 man-days was lost from workplace injuries (629,550 man-days if back injury cases due to ergonomic risks are excluded), an increase of 8.6% from 2012. The accident frequency rate (AFR), which measures how often work incidents occur, remained constant at 1.7 incidents per million man-hours worked in 2013 (Table 1.3). The accident severity rate (ASR) saw an increase from 88 man-days lost for every million hours worked in 2012 to 91 in 2013. Detailed industry breakdown of the AFR, ASR and man-days lost data can be found in Tables A-1 and A-2 in Annex A.

2011 2012 2013

No. of Workplace Major Injuries 556 588 589

Workplace Major Injury Rate 21.3 21.6 20.7

21.3 21.6 20.7

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Rate (per 100,000

employed

persons)

No. of Workplace

Major Injuries

2011 2012 2013

No. of Workplace Minor Injuries 9,504 10,469 11,467

Workplace Minor Injury Rate 364 384 403

364384

403

0

100

200

300

400

500

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

Rate (per 100,000

employed

persons)

No. of Workplace

Minor Injuries



Table 1.3: Workplace Accident Frequency Rate, 2006 – 2013

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Accident Frequency Rate (AFR) 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7

Table 1.4: Workplace Accident Severity Rate, 2006 – 2013

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Accident Severity Rate (ASR) 125 116 112 112 87 89 88 91

Work-related Traffic Fatal Injuries There were 14 work-related traffic fatal injuries in 2013. Transportation & storage sector was the main contributor with 5 fatalities. Motorcycles were most commonly involved in work-related traffic fatal injuries (43%). 43% of work-related traffic fatal injuries involved drivers of car & goods vehicles. Occupational diseases For occupational diseases (OD)6, the number of cases confirmed was 673 in 2013 (887 including back injury cases due to ergonomic risks), down from 987 in the same period last year (Table 1.1). OD incidence was 23.7 confirmed cases per 100,000 employed persons (31.2 including back injury cases due to ergonomic risks), compared to 36.2 in the previous year (Table 1.2). The reduction was contributed mainly by a reduction in noise-induced deafness cases. With inclusion of back injury cases due to ergonomic risks as cases of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD), WRMSD was the second most common OD (237 cases) after noise-induced deafness (564 cases).

6 An occupational disease is a disease contracted as a result of exposure to risk factors arising from work.

Workplace Safety

Workplace Safety and Health Institute, Singapore

Figure 4: Occupational disease incidence, 2004



: Occupational disease incidence, 2004-2013

10



WORKPLACE FATAL INJURIES 59 workplace fatal injuries in 2013, 56% of the fatalities were from construction sector There were 59 workplace fatal injuries in 2013, an increase from 56 workplace fatal injuries in 2012. Workplace fatal injury rate remained at 2.1 per 100,000 employed persons (Table 1.5 & Table 1.6). Workplace fatal Injuries by sector Construction Workplace fatal injury rate in Construction sector had generally shown a downward trend since 2006. Fatal injuries number and rate was at the lowest in 2011. However, there was a reversal in trend in the last two years. It remained the top contributor in 2013 with 33 fatal injuries or 56% of all workplace fatal injuries, up from 26 in same period last year (Table 1.5). The workplace fatal injury rate in the construction sector rose from 5.9 per 100,000 employed persons in 2012 to 7.0 per 100,000 employed persons in 2013. It posted the highest workplace fatal injury rate amongst the three traditionally higher risk sectors7 (Table 1.6).

Figure 5: Workplace fatal injury rate for Construction sector, 2006-2013

7 The three traditionally higher risk sectors are Construction, Marine & Manufacturing.



Marine Marine8 sector generally saw a decreasing trend in its workplace fatal injuries number and fatal injury rate, decreasing from 9.4 per 100,000 employed persons in 2011 to 2.7 per 100,000 employed persons in 2013. There were 3 workplace fatal injuries in 2013, compared to 6 in 2012 (Table 1.5).

Figure 6: Workplace fatal injury rate for Marine sector, 2006-2013

8 The marine sector includes the following activities:

• Shipbuilding and Ship Repair

• Marine Surveying Services (other than classification societies)

• Salvaging of distressed vessels and cargo Works carried out in the anchorage are also included.



Manufacturing Manufacturing sector also saw a decreasing trend in its workplace fatal injuries number and rate, from 3.1 per 100,000 employed persons in 2011 to 2.8 per 100,000 employed persons in 2012 and further to 1.4 per 100,000 employed persons in 2013 (Table 1.6). The sector had 6 workplace fatal injuries for 2013, down from 12 workplace fatal injuries for the same period last year (Table 1.5).

Figure 7: Workplace fatal injury rate for Manufacturing sector, 2006-2013



Others The workplace fatal injuries number and rate in Transportation & Storage sector saw a decline with 6 cases (2.7 per 100,000 employed persons) in 2013, compared to 7 (3.2 per 100,000 employed persons) in 2012. 4 out of the 6 cases were from its Logistics and Transport sub-sector9, a reduction from 7 cases in 2012 for this sub-sector (Table 1.5). The fatal injury rate dropped from 8.0 per 100,000 employed persons in 2012 to 4.3 per 100,000 employed persons in 2013. Repair & Maintenance of Vehicles, Cleaning & Landscape Maintenance Activities and Real Estate Activities sectors which had no workplace fatal injuries in 2012 saw 2 workplace fatal injuries in 2013. Food & Beverage Service Activities sector, which had 1 workplace fatal injury in 2012 had no workplace fatal injury in 2013. Other sectors which had 1 workplace fatal injury each in 2013 included Agriculture & Related Service Activities, Wholesale Trade, Architectural & Engineering Services, Rental & Leasing Activities and Gambling & Betting Activities.

9 The logistics and transport sector includes the following activities:

� Warehousing and Storage � Supporting services to land transport (excludes car management services, taxi booking services, towing services) � Supporting services to water transport (exclude marine surveying services, salvaging distressed vessels & cargo) � Supporting services to air transport



Table 1.5: Number of workplace fatal injuries by industry, 2012 and 2013

Industry 2013 2012

All Sectors 59 (56) 56 (55)

Construction 33 26

Marine 3 6

Manufacturing 6 12

Tanning & Dressing of Leather 2 0

Manufacture of Non-metallic Mineral Products 1 3

Manufacture of Food Products 1 3

Metalworking 1 2

Manufacture of Other Transport Equipment 1 0

Manufacture of Petrochemical Products 0 1

Manufacture of Wood Products 0 1

Manufacture of Computer, Electronic & Optical Products

0 1

Other manufacturing industries 0 1

Agriculture & Related Services Activities 1 0

Water Supply, Sewerage & Waste Management 0 1

Wholesale Trade 1 0

Transportation & Storage 6 7

Logistics & Transport 4 7

Food & Beverage Service Activities 0 1

Telecommunications 0 1

Real Estate Activities 2 0

Architectural & Engineering Services 1 0

Advertising 0 1

Rental & Leasing Activities 1 0

Business Support Activities 0 1

Cleaning & Landscape Maintenance Activities 2 0

Gambling & Betting Activities 1 0

Repair & Maintenance of Vehicles 2 0

Note: Figures in parenthesis refer to the number of fatal incidents.



Table 1.6: Workplace fatal injury rate by industry, 2012 and 2013 Per 100,000 employed persons

Industry 2013 2012

All Sectors 2.1 2.1

Construction 7.0 5.9

Marine 2.7 5.6

Manufacturing 1.4 2.8

Tanning & Dressing of Leather n.a 0.0

Manufacture of Non-metallic Mineral Products 18.5 54.5

Manufacture of Food Products 2.7 8.5

Metalworking 0.8 1.6

Manufacture of Other Transport Equipment 4.2 0.0

Manufacture of Petrochemical Products 0.0 1.8

Manufacture of Wood Products 0.0 27.8

Manufacture of Computer, Electronic & Optical Products 0.0 1.1

Other manufacturing industries 0.0 5.5

Agriculture & Related Services Activities n.a 0.0

Water Supply, Sewerage & Waste Management 0.0 6.6

Wholesale Trade 0.3 0.0

Transportation & Storage 2.7 3.2

Logistics & Transport 4.3 8.0

Food & Beverage Service Activities 0.0 0.6

Telecommunications 0.0 5.1

Real Estate Activities 2.3 0.0

Architectural & Engineering Services 1.6 0.0

Advertising 0.0 n.a.

Rental & Leasing Activities n.a 0.0

Business Support Activities 0.0 n.a.

Cleaning & Landscape Maintenance Activities 4.2 0.0

Gambling & Betting Activities n.a 0.0

Repair & Maintenance of Vehicles n.a 0.0



Workplace fatal Injuries by incident types and incident agents Falls remained the leading incident type; Collapse/Failure of Structure & Equipment is an emerging issue The top incident types which accounted for 61% of total workplace fatal injuries in 2013 were (Table 1.7):

• Falls (Falls from Heights (FFH)10, Slips, Trips and Falls) (17 fatal injuries, 29%)

• Collapse/ Failure of Structure & Equipment (10 fatal injuries, 17%)

• Struck by Moving Objects (9 fatal injuries, 15%)

Falls (Falls from Heights (FFH), Slips, Trips and Falls) was the leading incident type in 2013, with 17 cases. Collapse/Failure of Structure & Equipment saw a significant increase from 4 workplace fatal injuries in 2012 to 10 in 2013. Collapse/Failure of Structure & Equipment involved mainly physical workplace (formwork, structures) and moving vehicles (prime mover, forklift). The cases were from Construction, Marine, Manufacturing and Logistic & Transport sectors. Struck by Moving Objects saw 9 workplace fatal injuries in 2013, up from 6 in 2012. 67% of these fatal injuries were hit by moving vehicles such as trucks, forklifts, prime movers. These cases were from the Construction, Marine, Logistics & Transport and Repair & Maintenance of Vehicles.

10

Falls from heights (FFH) includes fall from roof, fall from mobile work platform, fall from scaffold, fall from ladder, fall from structure and fall into depths.



Table 1.7: Number of workplace fatal injuries by incident types and agents, 2012 and 2013

Incident Type Incident Agents 2013 2012

Total Workplace Fatal Injuries 59 56

Falls Total 17 17

Falls from Heights Total 14 14

Physical Workplace - Structures 5 5

Physical Workplace- Roofs 3 0

Physical Workplace - Formwork 3 2

Means of Access- Ladders 2 1

Lifting Equipment- Cranes 1 1

Means of Access- Others 0 3

Lifting Equipment- Mobile Work Platform 0 1

Goods/Cargo 0 1

Slips, Trips & Falls11

Total 3 3

Moving Vehicles- Boat, Lorry 1 1

Physical Workplace- Floor/Level Surfaces 1 0

Animals, Plants and Insects 1 0

Means of Access - Others 0 2

Collapse/Failure of Structure & Equipment

Total 10 4

Physical Workplace- Structures 3 0

Moving Vehicles- Prime Mover, Forklift 2 0

Physical Workplace-Formwork 1 0

Lifting Equipment- Lifting appliances/gears 1 0

Means of Access- Scaffold 1 0


Furniture & Fittings 1 0

Goods/Cargo 0 1

Glass Items 0 1

Other Incident Agents 0 2

Struck by Moving Objects

Total 9 6

Moving Vehicles-Prime Movers, Excavators, Lorry, Truck, Forklift 6 4

Industrial Machines 1 1

Lifting Equipment- Piling Machines 1 0

Lifting Equipment- Lifts & Hoists 1 0

Lifting Equipment- Mobile Work Platform 0 1

Electrocution Total 5 2

Electrical Equipment 3 2


Caught in/between

Objects

Total 5 6

Moving Vehicles- Truck, Forklift, Excavator, Prime Mover, Bus 4 3

Lifting Equipment- Piling Machines 1 0


Lifting Equipment- Cranes 0 1

11 Slips, Trips and Falls includes Slips and Trips on same level/Fall from vehicle/stairs/steps/machines/other locations.



Incident Type Incident Agents 2013 2012

Crane-related Total 4 5

Lifting Equipment-Cranes 4 5

Fires & Explosion Total 2 3

Pressurised Equipment- Pressurised Piping / Accessories 1 0


Explosives/Flammable Substances 0 1

Struck by Falling Objects From Heights

Total 1 3

Goods/Cargo 1 0

Moving Vehicles- Forklift 0 2

Metal Items 0 1

Drowning Total 1 3

Suffocation Total 1 0

Dust, Gas, Liquid and Chemicals 1 0

Exposure to/contact with biological materials

Total 1 0


Cave-in of Excavation, Tunnel, etc

Total 0 2


Collapse of Formwork / Failure of its Supports

Total 0 3

Physical Workplace - Formwork 0 3

Struck against Objects

Total 0 1

Moving Vehicles – Prime Mover 0 1

Other Incident Types Total 3 1

Moving Vehicles 0 1

Other Incident Agents 3 0



Table 1.8: Number of workplace fatal injuries by industry and incident types, 2012 and 2013

Industry All Construction Marine Manufacturing

Agriculture & Related Services Activities

Water Supply,

Sewerage & Waste

Management

Wholesale Trade

Transportation & Storage

Logistics &

Transport

Total 59(56) 33(26) 3(6) 6(12) 1(0) 0(1) 1(0) 6(7) 4(7)

Falls 17(17) 11(10) 0(2) 0(1) 1(0) 0(0) 1(0) 0(1) 0(1)

Falls from Heights

14(14) 11(9) 0(1) 0(0) 1(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(1) 0(1)

Slips, Trips & Falls

3(3) 0(1) 0(1) 0(1) 0(0) 0(0) 1(0) 0(0) 0(0)

Collapse/ Failure of Structure & Equipment

10(4) 7(1) 1(0) 1(1) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(2) 1(2)


9(6) 6(3) 1(0) 0(2) 0(0) 0(1) 0(0) 1(0) 1(0)

Electrocution 5(2) 1(1) 1(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(1) 0(1)

Caught in/between objects

5(6) 2(1) 0(1) 1(4) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(0) 1(0)

Crane-related

4(5) 4(3) 0(0) 0(1) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(1) 0(1)

Collapse of Crane

3(1) 3(1) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)

Fires & Explosion

2(3) 1(0) 0(0) 1(2) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)

Struck by Falling Objects from Heights

1(3) 0(2) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(1) 1(1)

Drowning 1(3) 0(0) 0(3) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(0) 0(0)

Suffocation 1(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)


1(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)


0(2) 0(2) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)

Collapse of Formwork/ Failure of its Supports

0(3) 0(3) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)

Strike Against Objects

0(1) 0(0) 0(0) 0(1) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)

Other Incident Types

3(1) 1(0) 0(0) 2(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(1) 0(1)

Notes:

Figures in parenthesis pertain to 2012 figures.

Logistics & Transport is a sub sector of Transportation & Storage.



Industry

Food & Beverage Service

Activities

Telecommunications

Real Estate Activiti

es

Architectural &

Engineering

Services

Advertising

Rental & Leasing

Activities

Business Support

Activities

Cleaning & Landscape

Maintenance Activities

Gambling & Betting Activities

Repair & Maintenance of Vehicles

Total 0(1) 0(1) 2(0) 1(0) 0(1) 1(0) 0(1) 2(0) 1(0) 2(0)

Falls 0(0) 0(1) 2(0) 0(0) 0(1) 0(0) 0(1) 1(0) 1(0) 0(0)

Falls from Heights

0(0) 0(1) 1(0) 0(0) 0(1) 0(0) 0(1) 1(0) 0(0) 0(0)

Slips, Trips & Falls

0(0) 0(0) 1(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(0) 0(0)

Collapse/Failure of Structure & Equipment

0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)


0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(0)

Electrocution 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(0) 0(0) 1(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)

Caught in/between objects

0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(0)

Crane-related

0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)

Collapse of Crane

0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)

Fires & Explosion

0(1) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)

Struck by Falling Objects from Heights

0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)

Drowning 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)

Suffocation 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)


0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(0) 0(0) 0(0)


0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)

Collapse of Formwork/ Failure of its Supports

0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)

Strike Against Objects

0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)

Other Incident Types

0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0)

Notes:

Figures in parenthesis pertain to 2012 figures.



WORK-RELATED TRAFFIC FATAL INJURIES

There were 14 work-related traffic fatal injuries in 2013. Work-related traffic fatal injuries by sector Transportation & Storage sector was main contributor to work-related traffic fatal injuries In 2013, the Transportation & Storage sector was the main contributor of work-related traffic fatal injuries with 5 fatalities. This was followed by the Food & Beverage Service Activities sector and Wholesale Trade sector with 3 and 2 work-related traffic fatal injuries respectively (Table 1.9). Construction, Education, Manufacturing and Other Personal Service Activities sectors each had 1 case.

Table 1.9: Number of work-related traffic fatal injuries by industry, 2013

Industry 2013

All Sectors 14

Transportation & Storage 5

Logistics & Transport 2

Food & Beverage Service Activities 3

Wholesale Trade 2

Construction 1

Education 1

Manufacturing 1

Other Personal Service Activities 1

Work-related traffic fatal injuries by type of vehicles Motorcycles most commonly involved in work-related traffic fatal injuries Motorcycles were most commonly involved in work-related traffic fatal injuries in 2013 with 6 cases (Table 1.10). 5 cases involved large goods vehicles (LGVs) such as lorry, truck.

Table 1.10: Number of work-related traffic fatal Injuries by type of vehicles, 2013

Types of Vehicles 2013

Total Work-related Traffic Fatal Injuries 14

Motorcycle 6

Large Goods Vehicles(LGVs) - Lorry, Truck 5

Car 1

Van 1

Taxi 1



Work-related traffic fatal injuries by occupation and road user types 43% of work-related traffic fatal injuries involved car & light goods vehicle drivers Of the 14 work-related traffic fatal injuries, 11 victims (79%) were drivers and 3 were passengers. Car & light goods vehicle drivers accounted for 55% of all drivers and 43% of all work-related traffic fatalities (Table 1.11) in 2013.

Table 1.11: Number of work-related traffic fatal injuries by occupation and road user types, 2013

Occupation Road User Types 2013

Total Work-related Traffic Fatal Injuries 14

Car & Light Goods Vehicle Drivers eg., taxi driver, chauffeur, motorcycle delivery man

Total 6

Driver 6

Heavy Truck & Bus Drivers Total 2

Driver 1

Passenger 1

Construction Labourers & Related Workers Total 1

Passenger 1

Manufacturing, Construction, Transport, Distribution and other production and operations manager

Total 1

Driver 1

Personal Service Workers eg., Driving Instructors Total 1

Passenger 1

Porters, Attendants and Related Workers eg., Car park attendant

Total 1

Driver 1

Hotel and food and beverages services managers Total 1

Driver 1

Physical and Engineering Science Technicians Total 1

Driver 1



WORKPLACE MAJOR INJURIES

Major injuries remained about the same, non-traditional sectors saw an increase in cases The total number of major injuries remained about the same as in 2012. 589 workers sustained major injuries12 in 2013, compared to 588 in the same period last year (Table 1.12). The major injury rate reduced slightly to 20.7 per 100,000 employed persons from 21.6 per 100,000 employed persons in 2012 (Table 1.13). 60,858 man-days were lost as a result of these incidents. Workplace major injuries by sector The three traditional higher risk sectors accounted for 334 (57%) of the workplace major injuries reported (Table 1.12). Marine sector deteriorated, with 36 cases (32.8 per 100,000 employed persons) in 2013, up from 31 cases (29.1 per 100,000 employed persons) in 2012. Deterioration in major injury rate was also seen in the Water Supply, Sewerage & Waste Management, Wholesale & Retail Trade, Accommodation & Food Service Activities, Financial & Insurance Activities and Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities sectors which had an increased number of workplace major injuries in 2013 compared to the same period last year. In 2013, Construction sector saw a slight reduction to 34.5 per 100,000 employed persons compared to 35.0 per 100,000 employed persons in 2012. A slight reduction was also seen for the Manufacturing sector with 31.2 cases per 100,000 employed persons compared to 32.7 cases per 100,000 employed persons in 2012. Improvements were primarily contributed by Metalworking and Manufacture of Food, Beverages & Tobacco. A reduction in workplace major injury rates was also seen for the Logistics & Transport (36.5 per 100,000 employed persons in 2012 compared to 24.8 in 2013) and Real Estate Activities sectors (21.5 per 100,000 employed persons in 2012 to 13.6 in 2013).

12

Refer to Annex D for definition.



Table 1.12: Number of workplace major injuries by industry, 2012 and 2013

Industry 2013 2012

All Sectors 589 588

Construction 164 153

Marine 36 31

Manufacturing 134 140

Metalworking 53 64

Manufacture of Food, Beverages & Tobacco 20 31


Manufacture of Furniture 9 9

Manufacture of Wood Products 8 5


Wholesale & Retail Trade 27 24

Wholesale Trade 19 15

Retail Trade 8 9



Accommodation & Food Service Activities 33 27

Accommodation 6 3

Food & Beverage Service Activities 27 24

Financial & Insurance Activities13

6 5

Real Estate Activities 12 19

Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities 16 11

Administrative & Support Service Activities 8 14

Community, Social & Personal Services 46 43

Education 13 10


Health Activities 8 10

Other Personal Service Activities 7 4

13

Financial & Insurance Activities include banks, finance companies, activities of holding companies.



Table 1.13: Workplace major injury rates by industry, 2012 and 2013

Per 100,000 employed persons

Industry 2013 2012

All Sectors 20.7 21.6


Marine 32.8 29.1



Manufacture of Food, Beverages & Tobacco 50.1 81.8


Manufacture of Furniture 76.3 76.3

Manufacture of Wood Products 216.2 138.9


Wholesale & Retail Trade 5.7 5.2

Wholesale Trade 6.0 4.9

Retail Trade 5.0 5.7



Accommodation & Food Service Activities 14.7 12.6

Accommodation 17.2 8.6

Food & Beverage Service Activities 14.3 13.4

Financial & Insurance Activities 3.2 2.7

Real Estate Activities 13.6 21.5

Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities 7.2 5.3

Administrative & Support Service Activities 4.3 7.9

Community, Social & Personal Services 6.4 6.2

Education 13.5 10.9

Repair & Maintenance of Vehicles n.a n.a

Health Activities* 9.9 13.2

Other Personal Service Activities n.a n.a



Table 1.14: Types of workplace major injury, 2012 and 2013

Major Injury Types 2013 2012

Total 589 588

Crushing, Fractures and Dislocations 306 322

Amputations 132 142

Hypothermia / Burns, with more than 20 MC days

83 41

Multiple Injuries 32 35

Concussion , with more than 20 MC days 20 14

Exposure to Electric Current 12 29

Blindness 3 2

Deafness 1 0

Paralysis 0 2

Asphyxia/Drowning 0 1

Workplace major injuries by incident types and agents The top three incident types, accounting for 56% of workplace major injuries were (Table 1.15):

• Falls (Slips, Trips and Falls) (157 injuries, 27%)

• Falls (Falls from Heights (FFH)) (93 injuries, 16%)

• Caught in/between Objects (82 injuries, 14%) Similar to workplace fatal injuries, Falls (Falls from Heights (FFH), Slips, Trips and Falls) was also the leading incident type for workplace major injuries. The top incident agent associated with ‘Slips, Trips and Falls’ was Physical Workplace - Floor/Level Surfaces. The top incident agent for FFH was Means of Access - Ladders. For Caught in/between Objects, the top incident agent was Industrial Machines. 83% of these cases resulted in amputations. Workplace major injuries by injury types Crushing, Fractures and Dislocations were the leading types of injury, accounting for 52% of

all workplace major injuries. This was followed by Amputations, with 132 workers suffering

from complete loss or loss of use of any member/part of a member of the injured person’s

body in 2013. This was a reduction from 142 in 2012 (Table 1.14). The number of

Hypothermia/Burns cases with more than 20 MC days almost doubled, increasing from 41

cases in 2012 to 83 cases in 2013. There were more injuries from Accommodation & Food

Services and Manufacturing sectors due to contact with hot scalding liquid or Dusts, Gas,

Liquids and Chemicals respectively.



Table 1.15: Number of workplace major injuries by key incident types and key incident agents, 2012 and 2013

Incident Type Key Incident Agents 2013 2012

Total Workplace Major injuries 589 588

Falls Total 250 238

Slips, Trips and Falls Total 157 160

Physical Workplace- Floor/Level Surfaces 64 64

Moving Vehicles 36 19

Furniture and Fittings 12 9

Means of Access - Stairs or Steps 11 17



Means of Access - Scaffold 21 16


Caught in/between Objects Total 82 94


Lifting Equipment Including Cranes 21 22


Metal Items 6 4

Struck by Falling Objects Total 68 57

Metal Items 19 22

Goods/Cargo 9 3


Physical Workplace – Formwork 8 2


Struck by Moving Objects Total 40 52




Industrial Hand Tools 3 2

Metal Items (excluding knives/needles) 3 6

Exposure to Extreme Temperatures Total 39 29

Hot scalding liquid/Steam 26 11


Cut/Stabbed by Objects Total 27 24





Table 1.16: Top 3 incident types for workplace major injuries by industry, 2013

Industry Top 3 Incident Types

1st

2nd

3rd

All Sectors STF FFH CIBO

Construction FFH STF CIBO, SBFO

Marine CIBO SBFO STF

Manufacturing STF CIBO SBFO

Metalworking SBFO CIBO STF

Manufacture of Food, Beverages & Tobacco STF,CIBO SBFO CSBO,FE,ETET

Manufacture of Petrochemical Products ETHS SBMO,STF,CIBO FE,FFH

Manufacture of Furniture CSBO STF -

Manufacture of Wood Products CSBO SBFO STF,FFH,PA

Water Supply, Sewerage & Waste Management ETET, SBMO STF -

Wholesale & Retail Trade STF SBFO CIBO

Wholesale Trade STF SBFO CIBO,CSBO,SBMO

Retail Trade STF SBFO CIBO,FFH,OESM

Transportation & Storage STF CIBO FFH

Logistics & Transport STF CIBO FFH

Accommodation & Food Service Activities ETET STF SBMO

Accommodation ETET SBMO,STF -

Food & Beverage Service Activities STF ETET SAO,SBMO,CIBO, FE

Financial & Insurance Activities STF ETEC,OESM,ETE

T, ETHS -

Real Estate Activities STF ETET CIBO,FE,SBFO,

ETHS, FFH

Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities CIBO ETEC STF,SBMO

Administrative & Support Service Activities STF SBMO -

Community, Social & Personal Services STF SBMO, CIBO,

ETET, FFH SBFO, PA

Education STF OESM SBMO,SBFO, FFH,

PA

Repair & Maintenance of Vehicles STF CIBO SBMO, ETET,

PA,FFH

Health Activities STF SBMO, ETET, PA -

Other Personal Service Activities CIBO, ETET SBFO, SBMO,

STF -

Legend:

CIBO Caught In/Between Objects FE Fires & Explosion

CSBO Cut/ Stabbed by Objects OESM Over-exertion and Strenuous Movements ETEC Exposure to Electric Current PA Physical Assault ETET Exposure to Extreme Temperature SAO Striking Against Objects ETHS Exposure to Hazardous Substances SBFO Struck by Falling Objects

FFH Falls (Falls from Heights) SBMO Struck by Moving Objects14

STF Falls (Slips, Trips and Falls)

14

This includes flying fragments but excludes falling objects.



WORKPLACE MINOR INJURIES

Minor injuries saw an increase over last year, Construction sector and Marine sector recorded 26% and 18% increase in workplace minor injuries Minor injuries include all other reportable injuries that did not result in death or major injuries. Minor injuries increased from 10,469 cases in 2012 (384 per 100,000 employed persons) to 11,467 cases (403 per 100,000 employed persons) in 2013 (Table 1.17 & 1.18). There were 11,253 minor injuries (396 per 100,000 employed persons) in 2013 after excluding back injury cases due to ergonomic risks. Workplace minor injuries by sector The three traditionally higher risk sectors accounted for 49% of workplace minor injuries. Manufacturing sector remained the highest contributor with an increase in number of workplace minor injuries and minor injury rate (595 per 100,000 employed persons in 2012 to 625 per 100,000 employed persons in 2013) (Table 1.17 and 1.18). Construction sector and Marine sector recorded 26% and 18% increase in workplace minor injuries respectively and the minor injury rates increased from 441 per 100,000 employed persons in 2012 to 510 per 100,000 employed persons in 2013 and 369 per 100,000 employed persons in 2012 to 421 per 100,000 employed persons in 2013) respectively. Real Estate Activities and Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities sectors also saw an increase in workplace minor injury rate in 2013. Many sectors such as Water Supply, Sewerage & Waste Management, Wholesale & Retail Trade, Logistics & Transport, Accommodation & Food Services, Information & Communications, Financial & Insurance Activities, Administrative & Support Service Activities and Health Activities saw a reduction in workplace minor injury rates (Table 1.18).



Table 1.17: Number of workplace minor injuries by industry, 2012 and 2013

Industry 2013 2012

All Sectors 11,467 (11,253) 10,469

Construction 2,423 (2,398) 1,928

Marine 462 (457) 393

Manufacturing 2,680 (2,654) 2,550

Metalworking 1,210 (1,203) 1,174

Manufacture of Food, Beverages & Tobacco 399 (396) 393

Manufacture of Non-metallic Mineral Products 188 (184) 178


Wholesale & Retail Trade 535 (517) 541

Wholesale Trade 275 (262) 284

Retail Trade 260 (255) 257

Transportation & Storage 798 (760) 742

Logistics & Transport 488 (474) 476

Accommodation & Food Services 848 (833) 852

Accommodation 233 (227) 194

Food & Beverage Service Activities 615 (606) 658

Information & Communications15

34 (33) 40

Financial & Insurance Activities 112 (111) 120

Real Estate Activities 281 (269) 270

Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities 377 (366) 337

Legal, Accounting & Management Activities 177 (169) 145

Architectural & Engineering Activities 156 (155) 133

Administrative & Support Service Activities 317 (310) 306

Office Administrative, Office Support & Other Business Support Activities

143 (142) 148

Community, Social & Personal Services 925 (898) 941

Health Activities 268 (259) 281

Education 174 (172) 176

Other Personal Service Activities 155 (150) 162

Figures in parentheses exclude back injury cases due to ergonomic risks. Data are not strictly comparable with 2012 data.

15

Information and Communication includes publishing activities, motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording & music publishing activities, radio & television broadcasting activities, telecommunications.



Table 1.18: Workplace minor injury rates by industry, 2012 and 2013 Per 100,000 employed persons

Industry 2013 2012

All Sectors 403 (396) 384

Construction 510 (505) 441

Marine 421 (417) 369

Manufacturing 625 (619) 595

Metalworking 989 (984) 963

Manufacture of Food, Beverages & Tobacco 1,000 (992) 1,037

Manufacture of Non-metallic Mineral Products 3,481 (3,407) 3,236



Wholesale Trade 87(83) 93

Retail Trade 163 (160) 164




Accommodation 668 (650) 556

Food & Beverage Service Activities 325 (320) 367

Information & Communications 30 (29) 38


Real Estate Activities 318 (304) 306


Legal, Accounting & Management Activities 166 (159) 149



Office Administrative, Office Support & Other Business n.a n.a.

Support Activities


Health Activities* 331 (320) 370

Education n.a. n.a.

Other Personal Activities n.a. n.a.

Figures in parentheses exclude back injury cases due to ergonomic risks. Data are not strictly comparable with

2012 data.



Workplace minor injuries by incident types and agents Falls (Slips, Trips and Falls) remained the main area of concern for minor injuries

The top three incident types that accounted for 54% of workplace minor injuries in 2013 were (Table 1.19):

• Falls (Slips, Trips and Falls (STF)) (2,662 injuries, 23%)

• Struck by Moving Objects (SBMO) (2,124 injuries, 19%)

• Struck by Falling Objects (SBFO) – (1,407 injuries, 12%) STF which was the top incident type for workplace minor injuries were common in many sectors including Water Supply, Sewerage & Waste Management, Wholesale & Retail Trade, Logistics & Transport, Accommodation & Food Services, Information & Communications, Real Estate Activities, Financial & Insurance Activities, Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities, Administrative & Support Service Activities, Health Activities, Education and Other Personal Service Activities sectors (Table 1.20). The injuries were seen in workers who were exposed to working conditions such as wet or contaminated surfaces in these sectors. The top incident agent for STF in 2013 was Physical Workplace - Floors/Level Surfaces, accounting for 45% of STF injuries (Table 1.19). SBMO, which continued to be one of the leading incident types, contributed 19% of the total workplace minor injuries in 2013. It was also the top incident type for the three traditional higher risk sectors. 37% of SBMO injuries were caused by work involving industrial tools & machines. SBFO was commonly seen in Construction, Marine, Water Supply, Sewerage & Waste Management, Wholesale & Retail Trade, Logistics & Transport and Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities. The top incident agent for SBFO was metal items, accounting for 31% of SBFO injuries. Workplace minor injuries by injury types The top three types of injury that accounted for 82% of all workplace minor injuries were (Table 1.21):

• Cuts and Bruises (4,565 injuries, 40%)

• Crushing, Fractures and Dislocations (2,789 injuries, 24%)

• Sprains and Strains (2,026 injuries, 18%)



Table 1.19: Number of workplace minor injuries by key incident types and key incident agents, 2012 and 2013

Incident Type Key Incident Agents 2013 2012

Total Workplace Minor injuries 11,467 (11,253) 10,469

Falls Total 3,262 2,944

Slips, Trips & Falls Total 2,662 2,449

Physical Workplace - Floor/Level Surfaces 1,202 1,119

Means of Access – Stairs/ Steps 390 405




Means of Access- Scaffold 75 62

Physical Workplace- Structures 75 56


Total 2,124 2,143


Metal Items 325 319



Struck by Falling Objects

Total 1,407 1,312

Metal Items 432 444

Goods/Cargo 166 139


Cut/Stabbed by Objects

Total 1,328 1,210

Knives and Needles 390 439



Caught in/between Objects

Total 1,005 794


Metal Items 164 114



Over-exertion/ Strenuous Movements

Total 853 (639) 672

Goods/Cargo 261(158) 204

Human Factors 200 (174) 137

Furniture and Fittings 57 (38) 50

Strike against Objects

Total 568 523

Metal Items 139 140

Furniture & Fittings 140 126


Exposure to Extreme Temperatures

Total 279 301

Hot scalding liquid/steam 196 210

Pressurised Equipments 20 16





Table 1.20: Top 3 incident types for workplace minor injuries by industry, 2013

Industry Top 3 Incident Types

1st 2

nd 3

rd

All Sectors STF SBMO SBFO

Construction SBMO SBFO STF

Marine SBMO STF SBFO

Manufacturing SBMO STF CIBO

Metalworking SBMO CIBO STF

Manufacturing of Food, Beverages & Tobacco CSBO STF SBMO

Manufacturing of Non-metallic Mineral Products SBMO STF CSBO

Water Supply, Sewerage & Waste Management STF SBMO SBFO

Wholesale & Retail Trade STF SBFO CSBO

Wholesale Trade STF SBFO SBMO

Retail Trade STF CSBO SBFO

Transportation & Storage STF SBMO OESM, SBFO

Logistics & Transport STF. SBMO SBFO CIBO

Accommodation & Food Services CSBO STF ETET

Accommodation STF CSBO SBFO, SBMO

Food & Beverage Service Activities CSBO STF ETET

Information & Communications STF SBMO CSBO

Real Estate Activities STF CSBO SBMO

Financial & Insurance Activities STF SBMO CSBO

Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities STF SBMO SBFO

Legal, Accounting & Management Activities STF OESM SBFO

Architectural & Engineering Activities STF SBMO SBFO, CIBO

Administrative & Support Service Activities STF SBMO CSBO

Office Administrative, Office Support & Other Business STF SBMO CSBO

Community, Social & Personal Services STF SBMO OESM

Health Activities STF OESM SBMO

Education STF OESM SBMO

Other Personal Service Activities STF CSBO SBMO

Exclude back injury cases due to ergonomic risks.

Legend: CIBO Caught In/Between Objects SBFO Struck by Falling Objects

CSBO Cut/ Stabbed by Objects SBMO Struck by Moving Objects16

ETET Exposure to Extreme Temperature STF Falls (Slips, Trips and Falls)

OESM Over-exertion and Strenuous Movements

16

This includes flying fragments but excludes falling objects.



Table 1.21: Types of workplace minor injury, 2012 and 2013 Minor Injury Types 2013 2012

Total 11,467 (11,253) 10,469

Cuts and Bruises 4,565 4,307

Crushing, Fractures and Dislocations 2,789 2,675

Sprains & Strains 2,026 (1,812) 1,781

Burns 376 372

Puncture Wound 228 274

Multiple Injuries 203 149

Bites and Stings 73 42

Concussion 61 42

Others 1,146 827




OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

Number of confirmed occupational diseases down by 32%, noise induced deafness (NID) cases saw a 35% reduction. 673 cases of occupational diseases (OD) (887 including back injury cases due to ergonomic risks) were confirmed in 2013, down from 987 cases for the same period last year (Table 1.22). The overall OD incidence stood at 23.7 (31.2 including back injury cases due to ergonomic risks) cases per 100,000 employed persons, compared to 36.2 cases in the same period of 2012 (Table 1.23). The decrease in OD cases was due to the decrease in Noise induced deafness (NID) cases which saw a 35% reduction. Occupational diseases by sector Manufacturing continued to record the highest number of OD cases, accounting for 37% of total ODs (including back injury cases due to ergonomic risks) confirmed in 2013 (Table 1.22). 65% of the ODs confirmed in this sector were from Metalworking. Metalworking posted the highest incidence of OD cases (175.0 cases per 100,000 employed persons when including back injury cases due to ergonomic risks).



Table 1.22: Number of confirmed occupational disease cases by industry, 2012 and 2013

Industry 2013 2012

All Sectors 673 (887) 987

Construction 71 (96) 89

Marine 124 (129) 159

Manufacturing 305 (331) 523

Metalworking 207 (214) 265

Manufacture of Petrochemical Products 26 (27) 30

Manufacture of Transport Equipment 19 (21) 126

Manufacture of Computer, Electronic & Optical Products 16 (19) 20

Electricity, Gas & Air Conditioning Supply 3 18






Information & Communications 1 (2) 2


Real Estate Services 3 (15) 2





Other Personal Service Activities 13 (18) 8

Health Activities 11 (20) 7

Figures in parentheses include WRMSD-back injury cases due to ergonomic risks. Data are not strictly

comparable with 2012 data.



Table 1.23: Occupational disease incidence rates by industry, 2012 and 2013 Per 100,000 employed persons

Industry 2013 2012

All Sectors 23.7 (31.2) 36.2

Construction 15.0 (20.2) 20.3

Marine 113.0 (117.6) 149.4

Manufacturing 71.1 (77.1) 122.1

Metalworking 169.3 (175.0) 217.4

Manufacture of Petrochemical Products 46.2 (48.0) 53.2

Manufacture of Transport Equipment 69.9 (77.2) 482.8

Manufacture of Computer, Electronic & Optical Products 17.8 (21.2) 21.7

Electricity, Gas & Air Conditioning Supply n.a. n.a.


Wholesale & Retail Trade 1.9 (5.7) 2.8

Transportation & Storage 9.3 (26.1) 23.9

Logistics & Transport 21.5 (36.6) 51.4

Accommodation & Food Services 1.3 (8.0) 3.7

Information & Communications 0.9 (1.8) 1.9

Financial & Insurance Activities 5.9 (6.4) 4.4

Real Estate Services 3.4 (17.0) 2.3

Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities 30.1 (35.1) 30.5

Architectural & Engineering Activities 98.0 (99.5) 97.7

Administrative & Support Service Activities 5.3 (9.1) 4.5

Community, Social & Personal Services 4.9 (8.7) 5.1

Other Personal Service Activities n.a. n.a.

Health Activities* 13.6(24.7) 9.2

Figures in parentheses include WRMSD-back injury cases due to ergonomic risks. Data are not strictly comparable with 2012 data.



By type of occupational disease Noise-induced deafness (NID) Manufacturing sector continues to have highest number of NID cases Noise-induced deafness (NID) comprised the majority (64%) of the total OD cases (including back injury cases due to ergonomic risks) confirmed in 2013. 544 out of the 564 or 96% of the NID cases were diagnosed at the early stage of the disease while 20 workers suffered from severe hearing loss (Table 1.24). The Manufacturing sector continued to have the highest number of NID cases but saw a drop from 488 in 2012 to 275 in 2013 (Table 1.25). 73% of these cases were from Metalworking. Marine sector which had the second highest OD incidence (Table 1.26) had 122 NID cases (22%).

Fluctuations in number of NID cases can be expected from year to year as it is a chronic disease which develops slowly over time (Figure 6). In addition, the increase in cases in 2008 and 2011-12 may be due to the increased awareness and coverage associated with the expansion of the WSH Act in 2008 (to new sectors) and 2011 (to all workplaces).



Table 1.24: Number of confirmed occupational diseases by type, 2012 and 2013

2013 2012

Total 673 (887) 987

Noise Induced Deafness 564 869

NID (E) – Early 544 855

NID (A) – Advanced 20 14

Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders 23 (237) 18

Tendinitis 11 8

Nerve Disorder such as Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

2 4

Trigger Finger/Thumb 2 3

Cervical Spondylosis 1 0

Musculoskeletal Disorder of the Back 3 1

Back injuries due to ergonomic risks (214) n.a.

Others 4 2

Occupational Skin Disease 56 57

Eczema 52 53

Others 4 4

Occupational Lung Disease 9 5

Occupational Asthma 8 4

Tuberculosis (pulmonary) 1 1

Barotrauma 7 10

Aural 3 7

Sinus 4 3

Compressed Air Illness 5 12

CAI Type 1 5 10

CAI Type 2 0 2

Excessive Absorption of Chemicals 4 4

Perchloroethylene (PCE) 0 2

Trichloroethylene (TCE) 0 1

Cadmium 0 1

Lead 4 0

Chemical Poisoning 3 0

Lead 2 0

Solvent 1 0

Cancers 2 7

Mesothelioma 2 7

Infectious Disease 0 2

Others 0 3

Upper Respiratory Tract Irritation 0 1

Heat Stroke 0 1

Heat Cramps 0 1

Figures in parentheses include WRMSD-back injury cases due to ergonomic risks. Data are not strictly comparable with 2012 data.



Figure 8: Noise-induced Deafness incidence, 2004-2013



Table 1.25: Number of confirmed NID cases by industry, 2012 and 2013

Industry 2013 2012

All Sectors 564 869

Construction 48 59

Marine 122 154

Manufacturing 275 488

Metalworking 200 253


Manufacture of Transport Equipment 17 122

Manufacture of Computer, Electronic & Optical Products 11 14






Accommodation & Food Services 0 0

Information & Communications 1 1

Financial & Insurance Activities 10 7


Architectural & Engineering Activities 61 53





Sports Activities & Amusement & Recreation Activities 1 0



Table 1.26: NID incidence rates by industry, 2012 and 2013 Per 100,000 employed persons

Industry 2013 2012

All Sectors 19.8 31.9


Marine 111.2 144.7




Manufacture of Transport Equipment 62.5 467.4

Manufacture of Computer, Electronic & Optical Products 12.2 15.2

Electricity, Gas & Air Conditioning Supply n.a. n.a.


Wholesale & Retail Trade 1.1 2.2



Accommodation & Food Services 0.0 0.0

Information & Communications 0.9 0.9

Financial & Insurance Activities 5.3 3.8

Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities 27.9 26.1

Architectural & Engineering Activities 94.9 87.7

Administrative & Support Service Activities 5.3 2.3

Community, Social & Personal Services 1.5 3.0

Other Personal Service Activities n.a. n.a.

Repair & Maintenance of Vehicles n.a. n.a.

Sports Activities & Amusement & Recreation Activities n.a. 0.0

Workplace Safety


Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders ( Second leading occupational disease risks

With the inclusion of 214 cases of back injury due to ergonomic risks as occupational

diseases, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (

occupational disease. (Table 1.24). About 24% of the back injury cases with ergonomic risks

were found in the Manufacturing and Construction sectors (Figure 7). Most of these cases

were involved in manual handling activities such as car

Figure 9: Top 5 Industr



related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSD)

Second leading occupational disease with inclusion of back injury cases with ergonomic


related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) is the second leading



were involved in manual handling activities such as carrying, lifting, pulling and pushing.

Industries with back injury cases with ergonomic risks

45

back injury cases with ergonomic


the second leading



rying, lifting, pulling and pushing.



Occupational skin diseases (OSD) 56 cases of occupational skin diseases (OSD) were confirmed in 2013, accounting for 6.3% of total OD cases (including back injury cases due to ergonomic risks) confirmed (Table 1.27). The most common causative agent was cement (Table 1.28).

Table 1.27: Number of confirmed OSD cases by industry, 2012 and 2013

Industry 2013 2012

All Sectors 56 57

Construction 8 7

Marine 2 2

Manufacturing 19 22

Metalworking 5 8

Manufacture of Computer, Electronic & Optical Products 4 5

Manufacture of Food, Beverages & Tobacco 3 3






Accommodation & Food Services 3 4

Real Estate Services 0 1


Architectural & Engineering Activities 2 4



Health Activities 5 5


Table 1.28: Top 5 Causative Agents of Occupational Skin Diseases, 2013

Causative Agents No. of Cases

Cement 9

Wetwork and Occlusion 7

Detergent 4

Oils 4

Resin 4



Other occupational diseases

There were 9 cases of Occupational Lung Disease cases in 2013, up from 5 cases in 2012. Most of these were cases of occupational asthma. There were 5 cases of compressed air illness (CAI) and 7 cases of barotrauma as compared to 2012 when there were 12 cases of CAI and 10 cases of barotrauma. The majority of the CAI and barotrauma cases were from the tunnelling projects in the construction sector. 2013 also saw 4 cases of excessive absorption of lead, 2 cases of lead poisoning and 1 of solvent-induced poisoning. The cases of excessive absorption of lead and lead poisoning were from a scrap metal recycling plant. The case of solvent-induced poisoning was a printer exposed to solvents during his work.



Annex A ACCIDENT FREQUENCY RATE, ACCIDENT SEVERITY RATE AND MAN-DAYS LOST TO WORKPLACE INCIDENTS IN SELECTED SECTORS

Table A-1: Accident Frequency Rate (AFR) and Accident Severity Rate (ASR) in selected sectors, 2012 and 2013 Per million man-hours worked

Industry AFR ASR

2013 2012 2013 2012

All Sectors 1.7 1.7 91 88

Construction 2.0 1.7 204 (203) 172

Marine 1.6 1.3 107 149

Manufacturing 2.6 (2.5) 2.5 100 (99) 130

Metalworking 3.8 3.7 114 136

Manufacture of Food, Beverages & Tobacco

4.3 4.6 201 302

Manufacture of Non-metallic Mineral Products

12.6 (12.3)

12.4 645 (636) 1459

Water Supply, Sewerage & Waste Management

2.8 3.1 63 240

Wholesale & Retail Trade 0.5 0.5 18 10

Wholesale Trade 0.4 0.4 20 9

Retail Trade 0.8 (0.7) 0.8 14 13

Transportation & Storage 1.6 (1.5) 1.5 102 (101) 112

Logistics & Transport 2.3 (2.2) 2.4 158 (157) 247

Accommodation & Food Services 1.7 1.9 23 37

Accommodation 2.8 (2.7) 2.4 35 (34) 29

Food & Beverage Service Activities 1.5 1.8 21 (20) 38

Information & Communications 0.1 0.2 3 29

Financial & Insurance Activities 0.3 0.3 7 5

Real Estate Activities 1.4 1.4 83 (82) 24

Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities

0.8 (0.7) 0.7 28 27

Legal, Accounting & Management Activities

0.8 0.7 17(16) 14

Architectural & Engineering Activities 1.0 0.9 62 21

Administrative & Support Service Activities 0.7 0.7 52 26

Community, Social & Personal Services 0.6 0.6 23 (22) 13

Health Activities* 1.6 (1.5) 1.8 27 (26) 30




Table A-2: Number of man-days lost to workplace incidents17

in selected sectors, 2012 and 2013

Industry 2013 2012

All Sectors 633,416 (629,550) 583,433

Construction 266,576 (266,250) 206,845

Marine 32,921 (32,847) 45,936

Manufacturing 109,921 (109,088) 141,478

Metalworking 38,100 (37,972) 45,268

Manufacture of Food, Beverages & Tobacco 19,521 (19,504) 28,269

Manufacture of Non-metallic Mineral Products 9,778 (9,646) 22,195

Water Supply, Sewerage & Waste Management 2,441 8,681

Wholesale & Retail Trade 19,460 (19,128) 10,723

Wholesale Trade 14,441 (14,211) 6,108

Retail Trade 5,019 (4,917) 4,615

Transportation & Storage 55,332 (54,720) 58,153

Logistics & Transport 35,791 (35,629) 52,498

Accommodation & Food Services 11,634 (11,398) 17,254

Accommodation 2,981 (2,898) 2,421

Food & Beverage Service Activities 8,653 (8,500) 14,833

Information & Communications 789 (782) 6,523

Financial & Insurance Activities 2,809 (2,802) 1,943

Real Estate Activities 16,804 (16,623) 4,987

Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities 14,309 (14,209) 12,955

Legal, Accounting & Management Activities 3,798 (3,728) 3,001

Architectural & Engineering Activities 9,672 (9,657) 3,198

Administrative & Support Service Activities~ 24,232 (24,190) 11,622

Office Administrative, Office Support & Other Business 2,765 (2,760) 8,678

Community, Social & Personal Services 35,264 (34,785) 19,983

Health Activities 4,805 (4,593) 4,964

Education 3,437 (3,429) 5,056

Other Personal Service Activities 2,906 (2,789) 2,197


17

According to the U.S National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)’s table of scheduled charges, a fatal injury is equivalent to the loss of 6,000 man-days. The Ministry of Manpower adopts a similar coding schedule.



Annex B

SOURCE OF DATA Data on workplace injuries and occupational diseases were collated from incident reports made by employers, occupiers and medical practitioners in the fulfilment of their obligations under the Workplace Safety and Health Act and Workplace Safety and Health (Incident Reporting) Regulations. Employment data used in the computation of workplace fatal, injury and occupational disease incidence rates and data of the average weekly hours worked used in the estimation of man-1hours worked were extracted from records within the Ministry of Manpower.



Annex C

DATA COVERAGE

The types of workplace injuries and occupational diseases covered in the reported statistics include the following:

• Workplace injuries sustained by employees and resulting in more than three consecutive days of medical leave; • Workplace injuries sustained by employees and resulting in at least 24 hours of hospitalisation; • Workplace incidents resulting in the death of employees and self-employed persons; • Workplace incidents resulting in the injury of self-employed persons who have to be taken to the hospital for treatment; and • Occupational diseases listed in the Second Schedule of the Workplace Safety and Health Act and Work Injury Compensation Act.



Annex D

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Incident Type refers to the type of event which resulted in the injury of a victim. Where the event involves a chain of incidents, the incident type should be the one that triggered the chain of other incidents. Incident Agent refers to the object or physical environment, which due to its hazardous nature/condition, leads to the occurrence of a particular type of incident. It is related to the incident, not injury. Major Injuries refer to non-fatal injuries which are more severe in nature. Major injuries are defined using a combination of factors, including the nature of injury, part of the body injured, incident type and duration of medical leave. These include:

• amputation

• blindness

• deafness

• paralysis

• crushing, fractures and dislocations: head, back, chest and abdomen, neck, hip and pelvis

• exposure to electric current

• acute illness requiring medical treatment or loss of consciousness from exposure to chemical and/or biological agents

• asphyxia/drowning

• hypothermia

• burns with more than 20 days of medical leave

• concussion with more than 20 days of medical leave



The Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Institute was set up in April 2011 as part of the

Singapore’s WSH 2018 strategy to strengthen Singapore’s capabilities in safeguarding the

safety and health of persons at work, and put us on par with global leaders. The WSH

Institute will help MOM and WSH Council recalibrate and ensure policies and programmes

continue to stay relevant and effective. Businesses in Singapore can look to the WSH

Institute for strategies and solutions to help them address WSH issues. In addition, the

Institute will also work with the WSH Council to equip business leaders and WSH

professionals with the competencies to better manage safety and health at their workplaces.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE Brief extracts from the report may be reproduced for non-commercial use, provided the source is acknowledged. Request for extensive reproduction should be made to: Executive Director Workplace Safety and Health Institute 1500 Bendemeer Road #04-01 Ministry of Manpower Services Centre Singapore 339946 Fax: (65) 6692 5009 Email: [email protected]

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