working with the deaf & hard of hearing community
TRANSCRIPT
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Working with the Deaf & Hard of
Hearing Community
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Introduction
Brittany HoffTravel Trainer, MTM, Inc. Washington, DC
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What Will We Talk About Today?
Deaf (Self) Identity Deaf History & Culture Interpreters &
Communication Travel Training Situations Questions
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Deaf (Self) Identity
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Key Terms
Deaf• A cultural identity: “Deaf
Culture,” “Deafhood,” etc.• A person could have any
degree of hearing loss deaf
• An audio logical/medical term used to describe a severe to profound degree of hearing loss
Hard of hearing • An audio logical/medical term
used to describe a moderate to mild degree of hearing loss
• May or may not identify with Deaf Culture
Oral deaf• An individual who only
communicates by reading lips• Often does not identify with
Deaf Culture
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Key Terms
Late-deafened • An individual who becomes
deaf after childhood• Often does not identify with
Deaf Culture Deaf-blind/low vision (LV)• An individual who is Deaf &
blind/LV• May identify with Deaf, Deaf-
Blind/LV, or Blind Cultures
Hearing• A term used to describe
those who are not D/deaf Hearing impaired• Audio logical term/medical
label • Generally avoided as it
implies disadvantage & negativity
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Deaf Culture
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What is Deaf Culture?
Shared language Oppression (audism) Political agendas Experiences Behavioral norms Values & traditions
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Deaf History
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1817First deaf school founded in US in CT; other states quickly followed
1864 Gallaudet College
established
1870s Alexander Graham
Bell, oralism,
“Dark Ages”
1880s Milan
Conference, NAD
founded
1910s-50s Employment boom
1960sFirst ASL dictionary, deaf theatre, clubs,
community, TTY invented
1960s-70s Mainstreaming/
manually coded English
systems
1970s - 80s Access Legislation
Interpreters +/- impacts
1817 1980s
1972RID established
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d
1988Deaf President Now Protest, Deaf Way
1990
1995Cochlear Implants
available for those age two &
over
1993 IDEA identifies Deaf Schools
as “most” restrictive
1995 Miss
America
1986
1980s 1990s
1980s Captioning
widespread, linguistic research
grows
1988 Marlee Matlin
wins best actress
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2
2000s Handheld devices, video phones/
video relay service
2000s
2010s
2010s Deaf schools
struggling2006
Over 30,000 cochlear implants worldwide,
controversy continues to grow
Late 2000sVPs & Interpreters
common in workplaces
2010s Technology!
Mobile VP/VRS, social media, YouTube, etc.
Early 2010s Interpreters in
the news: fake interp. at
Mandela funeral,performing on
Fallon
2011 ABC Family’s Switched at
Birth
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Interpreters & Communication
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What is Sign Language Interpreting?
According to the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf, Sign Language interpreting: • Makes communication possible between people who are
deaf/hard of hearing & people who can hear• Is a complex process that requires a high degree of linguistic,
cognitive & technical skills in English & ASL• Is more than replacing spoken English with a signed depiction of
the word• Has grammatical rules, sentence structure & cultural nuances• Can incorporate cultural information
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When Should You Use an Interpreter?
The individual requests an interpreter
Signing papers Completing
assessments Travel training sessions
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Communication Tips
Eye contact & facial expressions
Body position Allow extra, extra time Turn taking Visual, visual, visual Written English
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What is a Qualified Interpreter?
Required under the law (504, ADA, IDEA)
Bi-lingual Pass rigorous testing
procedures Interpret concepts &
meaning, not words
Held to a professional code of conduct• Confidentiality• Professionalism (message
equivalency)• Conduct• Respect for consumers• Respect for the profession• Business practices• Professional development
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Qualified Interpreters are NOT
Helpers Secretaries Bookkeepers Personal care attendants Teacher’s aids Travel trainers
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How to Request an Interpreter
RID Independent living center Interpreter agency Transportation agency
RememberWho. What. When.
Where. Why.
More Details = Better
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Travel Training Situations
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Questions?
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Resources
ASLwww.lifeprint.comwww.aslpro.comhttp://www.handspeak.comwww.gallaudet.edu
Interpreterswww.rid.org
General Information/Advocacywww.nad.orghttp://nationaldb.orgwww.wfdeaf.orghttp://hearingloss.org
Publishershttp://gupress.gallaudet.eduhttp://www.dawnsign.comhttp://www.signmedia.com
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Resources
Films & TV ShowsThrough Deaf Eyes (PBS Film) Joel Barish No Barrierswww.joeybaer.comSwitched at Birth (ABC Family)
Deaf Newswww.deafworld.comwww.ideafnews.comwww.deafnewstoday.comwww.deafnation.com
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References
Fox, M. (2007). Talking hands: What sign language reveals about the mind. New York, NY: Simon & Shuste, Inc.
Garey , D., & L. Hott (directors), K. Chowder (writer). Through deaf eyes. PBS short film.
Groce, N. E. (1985). Everyone here spoke sign language: Hereditary deafness on Martha’s Vineyard. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Lane, H., R. Pillard, & U. Hedberg (2011). The people of the eye: Deaf ethnicity and ancestry. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
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References Lane, H., R. Hoffmeister, & B. Bahan (1996). A journey into the deaf-world.
San Diego, CA: Dawn Sign Press. Novak, J. (2010). Deaf community and interpreters Presentation
[PowerPoint Slides]. Novak, J. (2014). A timeline of impactful events in deaf history. Unpublished
document. Novak, J. (2015). Personal Interview , July 15, 2015. Sacks, O. (2000). Seeing voices: A journey into the world of the deaf. New
York, NY: Vintage Books. Valli, C., C. Lucas, & K. Mulrooney (2005). Linguistics of American Sign
Language: An introduction. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.
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Helpful Contacts
Jodie Novak, MAASL Linguist & [email protected]
Gallaudet University Museum
Holly Rioux, MSWDirector, Deaf & Hard of Hearing ServicesGreater Nashua Mental Health [email protected]
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Contact Information
Brittany HoffTravel Trainer, MTM, Inc.
300 M St. SE, Suite 825 Washington, DC 20003