Working Together for a Safer Tomorrow

Working Together for a Safer TomorrowProgram:Applied Research in Environmental Sciences Nonprofit, Inc. (ARIES) Sponsor:DHS National Center of Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events (CREATE)

Presenters: Anne Garland and Lloyd MitchellARIES and DHS CREATE Research Associates

Applied Research in Environmental Sciences Nonprofit, Inc.

MISSIONARIES is a non-profit research association promoting collaborative research, public education, and public outreach designed to enhance corporate and community based decision making.

www.ariesnonprofit.com

VISIONARIES provides opportunities for scientists and researchers to engage in qualitative and quantitative based integrated research that enhances and encourages collaboration between diverse entities to work together to develop safer communities, healthier environments, and ecologically based management of critical natural and historical resources.

CREATE:The National Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism EventsStephen Hora, D.B.A.Director

Isaac Maya, Ph.D., P.E.Director of Research

Kelly BuccolaAssociate Director for External Relations4how can DHS enhance risk management as the basis of decision making?

5How does CREATE serve DHS?

5

CREATE Partners - 2009

6 CREATE Mission

To improve our Nations security through research and development of advanced models and tools to evaluate the risks, costs and consequences of terrorism and natural and manmade hazards to guide economically viable investments in homeland security. (Strategic Plan 2012-2016)

8

CREATE Research Framework

Risk Assessment

EconomicAssessmentRiskManagement8

Working Together for a Safer Tomorrow Research Framework (Tribally Inclusive Geographic Area) Risk Assessment

Indian CommunitiesNon-Indian Communities

EconomicAssessment

Indian Communities Non-Indian CommunitiesRiskManagement Indian CommunitiesNon-Indian Communities9WTST ModelActivities Audiences/ParticipantsOutreach EducationIntegrated DisciplinesUnitized Research (Team)Research and Field ProjectsPractitioner Tools and Products National Conference Presentations and Publications

TIGA related (Tribally Inclusive Geographic Areas) Minority related (African American, American Indians, Hispanics, Latinos, Chicanos)

CREATE and WTST Research and Product Framework

Threat Assessment

ConsequenceAssessmentVulnerabilityAssessmentAssessment ofIndirect Econ.ConsequencesResponseRecoveryIntelligencePreventionInterdictionProtectionCost-Benefit & Decision AnalysisRisk AssessmentEconomicAssessmentRisk ManagementAssessment ofDirect Econ.Consequences11 ARIES Role for WTST ProgramStudent Participant Coordination Next Generation of Homeland Security Professionals

FY 2008-2009 FY2010-2012Guide students to develop projects about their career interests and DHS CREATE Research Categories Mentoring student projects and assist with outreach symposiaTIGA fieldwork and researchNational Conference Poster Competitions

Students career interests are designed to assist with Mentors and CREATE Directed Projects related to DHS Research Categories Students assist with Models/Tools/Products developed and implemented with and for relevant users and practitioners , often in TIGA.Student Driven Projects National Conference Poster Competitions

13CREATE Mission and S&T DivisionsS&T DivisionsExplosivesChem/BioCCIBorders/MaritmeHuman FactorsInfrastructure GeophysicalRisk AssessmentEconomic AssessmentRisk Management

1314CREATE Mission and S&T DivisionsS&T DivisionsExplosivesChem/BioCCIBorders/MaritmeHuman FactorsInfrastructure GeophysicalRisk AssessmentDirty BombIEDsPORTSECPORTSECEconomic AssessmentAntraxWater SupplySwine FluElectricityWater9-11Risk ManagementARMORPORTSECPORTSECARMOR:Queues

WTST:CRIOS14Cumulative Regional Integrated Operability Score CRIOSAchieving regional, local, and tribal integration to reduce risks and the economic impacts of disaster and terror events

CRIOS Co-authors: Brittany Friend, Bernadette Franklin, Kyle Horne, Dr. Anne Garland, and Dr. Lloyd MitchellCollaboratively designed and implemented by a student participant team of Applied Research in Environmental Sciences Nonprofit, Inc. (ARIES), in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS CREATE) program titled Working Together for A Safer Tomorrow (WTST), this project applies a three-step model for multi-jurisdictionally diverse regions (Tribally Inclusive Geographic Area or TIGA) to integrate emergency resources and management with the goal of operating cooperatively as resilient communities in the event of natural disasters or from terrorism.

Federal Indian Policy: General Characteristics of TIGA (Alaska Varies)Federal or State Trust Lands (Fee to Trust Lands)Tribal Enrollment and Tax Free StatusTribal Government and often Public Services separate from local and regional communities. SovereignJurisdictional Differences for Community Security ServicesPoliceFire and Emergency Management (regional variations )

Step 1: Risk Matrix

Risk matrix is used to determine a risk ranking of regional disaster and terror events.DISASTER EVENTSTribalCities and TownsCountyRegionStateFlooding66660Blizzards22222Debris Flows11100Nuclear Waste1111Roadway Vandalism55000Business Closures (smoke shops)00000Bio-Terrorism00000Risk Matrix Example: Tri-County Region of SW New York TIGARisk Occurrence Scale= 1 (monthly), 2 (quarterly), 3 (bi-annually), 4 (annually), 5 (2-5 years), 6 (5-10 years) Step 2: Integrated Operability Score (IOS)Second, an area in the study region is chosen and a real time tri-level status report is conducted by community stakeholders. An integrated operability score, or IOS, is then calculated to determine integrative and cooperative regional capabilities.

Multi-Jurisdictional CooperationTri-Level Status Report Integrated Operability Score (IOS)LEVEL DEFINITION DESCRIPTIONHighWhat we are doing bestMediumWhat we are trying to doLowWhat we cannot do wellModified from STATEWIDE COMMUNICATION INTEROPERABILITY PLAN (SCIP) WEIGHTED EVALUATION CRITERIA September 2007, http://www.dhs.gov/files/programs/gc_1225902750156.shtm)

SCIP=Weighted Evaluation Criteria (applied to Local/Regional IOS)

Example:(1) 20% Governance4%4.4 Identify the members of the governing body and any of its committees. (List them according to the categories recommended for a communications interoperability committee in the All-Inclusive Approach.) CriteriaUnits to ScaleOrganizational Structure Public/Private/Tribal/CombinedStaff Structure/Qualifications Hours/monthEmotional Support FrequencyHeritage Recognition Involvement Levels

3%4.6. Describe multi-jurisdictional, multi-disciplinary agreements needed for decision-making and for sharing resources. CriteriaUnits to ScaleMutual Aid Procedures and Practice Emergency Management ResourcesSharing Levels

Modified with Permission from Elaine Willman, Public Administrator, Hobart, WI, Citizens Equal Rights Alliance20

Step 3: Cumulative Regional Integrated Operability Score

As the model is incorporated for local and tribal communities, a cumulative regional integrated operability score, or CRIOS, is produced. This score is derived from:

qualitative and quantitative statistical indicators related to stakeholders perceived capabilities to function as resilient communities in the event of a disaster, regular assessments of risks and cooperative regional resources to remain resilient and a time table for jurisdictional improvements of cooperative regional resources.

Regional Indicators for CRIOSStakeholder IndicatorsCRIOS ToolCumulative IOS includes:Crucial criteria about Risk, Fire, and Emergency Management cooperation among tribes, towns, and counties within regional jurisdictions. A risk scale (0-5) is used to quantify regional cooperation. A time scale should be considered with re-evaluation of the risk analysis every five years or sooner. To identify the history of the CRIOS in a study area, jurisdiction(s) records can be examined to determine the time series benefits of lessening risks.

List of Relevant Cooperative Interoperability CriteriaRanks: Tribes, Towns, County in a Regional NetworkGraduated Scale:0) Nothing 1) Insufficient 2) Unsatisfactory 3) Sufficient 4) Satisfactory 5) Resilient

Critical Indicators for CRIOSStakeholder IndicatorsCRIOS Tool Criteria Units to Scale Mutual Aid Jurisdictions (local, tribal, region, state) Practice (formal/informal)

Mapping Technology Application Levels (local, tribal, regional, (iCAV and ACAMS) field, interactive, friendly,

Volunteer Training Frequency (CERT, NIMS)

Collaborative Training Jurisdiction Levels, Training Frequency,, Time Scale

Training Scenarios Frequency, Jurisdictions, Types (varied)

EM Resources Sharing Level (local, tribal, region, state)

Emotional Support Frequency

Heritage Recognition Involvement (local, tribal, region, state)

Infrastructure Security Procedures

Infrastructure Resources Capability/Maintenance Levels (water, sewer, transportation, utilities, internet, etc.)

Economic FundingSharing Level (local, tribal, region, state)

Organizational StructurePublic/Private/Tribal/Combined, Staff Structure ,Qualifications, Hours/month

Medical Facilities Capacity, Number, Locations (distance- elevation)Containment Sites Capacity and Number, Locations (Casinos, College campuses) (distance-elevation)

The next steps are: Request specific data for the criteria from the user groups. The user groups and stakeholders will scale the criteria based on relevancy. (Graduated Scale 0-5 )The risk analysis using the scale is valid if completed with the specific data provided by and from the jurisdictions. The benefits of the CRIOS are to inform the jurisdictions of the cooperative risks in their regional networks and criteria that need improvement.

STRUCTURE:Mutual AidInfrastructureOrganizationStaffMAPPING:Local, Tribal, Regional, Field, Interactive, Friendly, Internet Independent

Facilities:Containment Medical

RESOURCES:EquipmentFunding

SUPPORT:EmotionalHeritage TRAINING: Collaborative Frequency Scenarios

RESILIENCE:Managed Risks in Tribally Inclusive Geographic Areas CRIOS Model

Draft of CRIOS Tool Relevant Scale 0-5=Nothing, Insufficient, Unsatisfactory, Sufficient, Satisfactory, ResilientCRIOS TOOLApplication LevelsFrequencyJurisdictionsTime ScaleFrequencyJurisdictionsTypesJurisdictionsPracticesSharing LevelsFrequencyMapping Technology (iCAV/ACAMS) Scale 0-5Volunteer Training Scale 0-5Collaborative TrainingScale 0-5Training FrequencyScale 0-5Training ScenariosScale 0-5Scale 0-5Scale 0-5Mutual Aid AgreementScale 0-5Scale 0-5Emergency ResourcesScale 0-5Emotional SupportScale 0-5Cumulative Regional Integrated Operability Score CRIOS 2010The aim is to reduce risks and the economic impact of disaster and terror events, which is in alignment with DHS National Center of Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events (CREATE) mission for risk management. Community Stakeholders:TIGA of SW New YorkPreparation, response and recovery from 2009 FloodResearch, Fieldwork and WTST Workshop

Cumulative Regional Integrated Operability Score CRIOS 2011-2012The risk matrix, tri-level status report, IOS, CRIOS, and the key for the cooperative indicators are available at ARIES website for stakeholders to download and apply.

Refinement of CRIOS model and tools with TIGA stakeholders. Currently, these are Mohawk, Seneca, Onondaga, Gowanda EM and VFD in NY, Eastern Band of Cherokee EM, NC, North Slope Borough Risk Management and Barrow Arctic Science Consortium.

Plans for dedicated web pages for each CRIOS user to demonstrate variability about integration in TIGA. Allows revision of the CRIOS tool that is specific for TIGA stakeholders . Web pages can provide examples about successful EM integration in TIGA for comparative purposes and continued applications.

Public Outreach (Future Plans) :To assist TIGA communities with score derivations, several scenarios in a docudrama can demonstrate the range of indicators about cooperative regional resources that produce resilient communities and reduce risks and economic impacts of disasters.

The TIGA communities for the docudrama represent diversity of political and geographical considerations. They include regions based on current fieldwork and Emergency and Risk Management partnerships. They are the North Slope of Alaska and New York.

Additional CRIOS demonstrations are provided by audio documentaries from emergency personnel who participated in the real time tri level status reporting. Their contributions enabled the efficient development of these tools for replication among other diverse communities.

The docudrama and the audio documentaries are to be available for download and community comparisons from the ARIES website.

CRIOSHogansburg Akwesasne Volunteer Fire Departmentand Mohawk Council of Emergency Measures Co-authors:Former Fire Chief Norman PetersEmergency Measures Officer Regina JacobsARIES Student Participant Brittany FriendARIES Research Associate Anne Garland

Multi-Jurisdictional CooperationHAVDThis important community organization works jointly to service the Canadian and American portions of Akwesasne. The HAVFD is a mutual aid responder for nearby non-native communities and Part of Akwesasnes emergency measures team. A sub-Station is housed on Cornwall Island.http://www.akwesasne.ca/index.html Fire Chief Norman Peters

Step 1: Risk MatrixColumn1Column2Column3Column4Column5Column6Column7Column8Column9Column10DISASTERJURISDICTIONRISK OCCURRENCE SCALE SCORECOMMENTS123456MonthlyQuarterlyBi-AnnualAnnual2-5 Years5-10 YearsEarthquakesTribal55No major earthquakes - mostly tremorsCity / Town5County / Municipality5Regional5State / ProvincialFloodsTribal44Especially along St. Lawrence River City / Town4County / Municipality4Regional4State / Provincial4Severe StormsTribal44Severe winter storms are frequent.City / Town4County / Municipality4Regional4State / Provincial4Power OutagesTribal (Local)14.2Power outages in St. Regis, Quebec are very frequent (at least once a month).City / Town5County / Municipality5Regional5State / Provincial5TornadoesTribal54.2City / Town5County / Municipality5Regional5State / Provincial5Civil DisorderTribal66City / Town6County / Municipality6Regional6State / Provincial6Hazards - BiohazardsTribal21.6Residential Spills average 10 per year Commercial spills - every 5-10 yearsCity / Town6County / Municipality0Regional0State / Provincial0Roadway VandalismTribal11Roadway Vandalism is frequent in regards to destruction and removal of road signs.City / TownCounty / MunicipalityRegionalState / Provincial

Step 2:Tri-Level Status Report1954-2011The Akwesasne volunteers (65) are highly skilled and trained in rescue and fire-fighting techniques with a specialty for water rescue operations.Training and Regular Drills come from multiple jurisdictions, i.e., Franklin County, New York State Academy of Fire Science, Niagara Mohawk Power Corp., Canadian Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Canadian Ambulance Corps, etc.Ambulance Services the whole Akwesasne Community and utilizes the Central Dispatch The Akwesasne Ambulance Service employs 8 Emergency Medical Technicians with 1 term and 2 casual personnel and 1 program manager.

Fire Engineering Magazine Article March 1979

Step 3: Cumulative Regional Integrated Operability Score (Partial Application)Column1Column2Column3Column4Column5Column6Column7Column8Column9Column10CRITERIASUB-CRITERIAGRADUATED SCALE SCORECOMMENTS012345Nothing InsufficientUnsatisfactorySufficientSatisfactory ResilientMutual AidCommunity / Volunteer32Need to meet a certain threshold before the state or feds assist. This is insufficient as First Nations are usually federal recognized and shouldn't have to wait for mutual aid. Once a declaration has been made, mutual assistance should arrive. In theory, we have no border in emergency situtions. However, it can become a political issue with local councils.Local Government2County / Municipal3State / Provincial1Federal1Mapping TechnologyField44Both the US & Canadian Tribal Governments own and operate their own IT Programs (Computers services, programming, training, mapping, etc.Friendly4Independent4Interactive4Internet4Volunteer TrainingCollaborative12.2Requested training - when volunteers requests specific training, it should always be delivered. If they can't depend on you, you can not depend on them It's mutual respect If they want it or need it, give it to them.Exercises1Frequency 3Jurisdiction Levels3Requested3EM ResourcesCommunity / Volunteer21.8Akwesasne residents donate and support our emergency responders. MOU's are an asset. Funding is very limited on Canadian portion. Council Personnel Policies allow for our volunteers to leave their place of work for emergency response.Local Government2County / Municipal3State / Provincial1Federal1Emotional SupportCommunity / Volunteer11Emotional support is available on so many levels. However, our Community is not big on using professional services due to confidentiality issues. Confidentiality vs. Work EthicsLocal Government1County / Municipal1State / Provincial1Federal1Heritage RecognitionCommunity / Volunteer31.8State, provincial and federal agencies recognize it, but often do not respect it. CBSA is a great example. Training is provided by MCA in this area.Local Government3County / Municipal1State / Provincial1Federal1Infrastructure SecurityConstruction / Maintenance43.6We can build, maintain, operate and manage it, but we don't have the means to ensure the health & safety of our employees. A large gap here. Some areas are very territorial.Policy & Procedures4Health & Safety2Operations / Certification4Management4Infrastructure Resources (Not Included Below)Construction / Maintenance32.6We don't have policy and procedures for every piece of infrastructure we own. Health & safety remains and issue due to territorial issues.Policy & Procedures2Health & Safety2Operations / Certification3Management3

Akwesasne St. Regis Mohawk Fire and Emergency Measures

Mission and Vision

by Regina Jacobs, DirectorIf, we, as a small community, do not find and pull together resources from our surrounding areas to cover our backs, no one else will.

Our community has high standards for its Fire Department and EMS and expects the delivery of service based on those standards.

CRIOS Applications FY 2011-2013Eastern Band of Cherokee, North Carolina

Joint Center for Disaster Research, Massey University, NZEastern Band of Cherokee Emergency ManagementRegional Hazard Mitigation Plan

1. Liquor Sales on ReservationTribal Referendum 4.15.2012

2. Gaming Compact with Exclusivity Zone in Western NC. -Governor Agreement 11.2012-Legislature TBD-Spring Session

CRIOS Applications Joint Center for Disaster Research at Massey UniversityWellington, NZ

Maori Preparedness Study and Program

Ministry of Social Development and Ministry Civil Defense and Emergency Management

Round table Discussions

To assist risk management for your regional community, the CRIOS project team would appreciate your input, suggestions, and sharing of information. The CRIOS model and tool is for self awareness and decision-making about integration to improve risk and emergency management among TIGA communities (i.e., local, tribal, and regional integration).

Your voluntary participation in this discussion, and answers, will assist to improve this model and tool for risk and emergency managers in TIGA communities across the nation.

Please discuss the following topics as it applies to your tribally inclusive geographic area (TIGA). For each query, please provide a short answer or bulleted list as it applies to your community.

If you are willing, please include the acronym of your State and County after each short answer or bullets.

If necessary, label the answer and continue on the back of this page

Regional Risks of Emergency Management among diverse communities

How does cooperative management make TIGA communities safer for risks and emergencies? Give Examples in your community of cooperative management among tribal, local, and regional jurisdictions.How would your communities benefit from improved cooperative management for risks and emergencies? Give suggestions that would make your community safer with more tribal, local and regional cooperation.

What are examples of cooperative resources that are needed to make your communities safer for risks and emergencies? Give examples of cooperative resources among tribal, local and regional jurisdictions in your communities. Please provide examples or suggestions about improvements for your community.

Cooperative Issues and Efforts For the following risks and emergencies, please put an X besides those that occur regularly or have occurred in your TIGA communities for which there was cooperative management among tribal and local jurisdictions. If you are willing, please provide a list of State and County acronyms after each X.If necessary, label the answer and continue on the back of this page

Flooding: Storm Damages (wind, ice, or rain):

Blizzards: Earthquakes:

Mudslides:Other Natural Disasters such as:

Hazardous Materials: Train Wreck:

Plane Crash: Terrorist Events: Taxation Protests: Other Manmade Disasters such as:

Cooperative Issues and Efforts For the following risks and emergencies, please put an X besides those that occur regularly or have occurred in your TIGA communities for which there were cooperative or shared resources among tribal and local jurisdictions. If you are willing, please provide a list of State and County acronyms after each X.If necessary, label the answer and continue on the back of this page

Flooding: Storm Damages (wind, ice, or rain):

Blizzards: Earthquakes:

Mudslides:Other Natural Disasters such as:

Hazardous Materials: Train Wreck:

Plane Crash: Terrorist Events: Taxation Protests: Other Manmade Disasters such as: