working safely with solvents

8/12/2019 Working Safely With Solvents

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Working safelywith solvents


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What is a solvent?

Chemical substance which is used todissolve or dilute other substances andmaterials (solutes) without chemicalchanges.


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Main Dangers of solvents Toxic effects Corrosive effects

Flammable nature Reactive nature incompatiblechemicals


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How can solvents affect health?

Some of the short-term effects are:irritation of eyes, lungs and skin;headache;nausea;dizziness;light-headedness.

Increased chance of having an accident.

Long-term effects e.g. dermatitis.

Unconsciousness and even death can resultfrom exposure to very high concentrations of

solvent vapours.


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How can solvents get into the body?

Breathing in vapours and fumes. Contact with skin

Ingestion (e.g. hand to mouth contact,eating with contaminated hands)


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Classification of Solvents Inorganic solvents

water and aqueous solutions containing special additives (surfacants,detergents, PH buffers, inhibitors). acids and bases e.g. liquid anhydrous ammonia (NH3),concentrated sulfuric

acid (H2SO4) Organic solvents

Oxygenated solvents contain oxygen. e.g. alcohols, glycol ethers, methyl acetate, ethyl

acetate, ketones, esters, and glycol ether/esters. Hydrocarbon solvents

consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms.-Aliphatic solvents: have straight-chain structure; e.g.hexane, gasoline,

kerosene.-Aromatic solvents: have benzene ring structure; e.g. benzene, toluene and

xylene.

Halogenated solvents contain halo enic atoms : Cl F Br or I .


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Hazards Classification Risk to health resulting from acute, repeated or prolonged exposure:

very toxic or toxic harmful corrosive irritant cancer causing hazards to reproduction can cause non-heritable birth defects sensitizing

Fire and explosion hazards may be classified as follows explosive oxidizing extremely flammable highly flammable flammable

The following properties present a hazard to the environment and are : toxic to living organisms persistent in the environment bioaccumulative


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Danger of cumulative effects, may cause

cancer.Use in fume hood and wear protectiveclothing.Contact with the skin must be avoided.Avoid exposure to vapour or liquid

Keep container tightly closed.Wash hands after use.If you feel unwell seek medical advice.

Toxic (T) and Very Toxic (T+)

ExamplesToxic Acids (e.g. hydrochloric,

nitric, oxalic)BenzeneCarbon disulphideChlorinated hydrocarbons

Highly toxic chemicalsArsenic compoundsInorganic cyanidesMercury compoundsSelenium and its compoundsThallium salts


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Harmful (Xn) substances

Health risk if swallowed, inhaled orif it penetrates the skin.

Do not breath in, use fume hood orface mask.

Use protective clothing. Do not eat, drink or smoke after use

and wash with plenty of water aftercontact with skin.

Examples of Harmful ChemicalsAlkyl bromides and chlorides e. g. bromomethane, iodomethaneAromatic and alaphatic amines.g. aniline, nitroanilinePhenols and aromatic nitro compounds


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Corrosive (C) substances Causes severe burns, destroysliving tissue!

Wash immediately with plenty ofwater in case of contact witheyes or skin.

Wear gloves and goggles,

remove all contaminated clothing.

Examples of Corrosive ChemicalsAcids and Bases ("caustics" or "alkalis").

Dehydrating agents e.g. phosphorous pentoxide and calcium oxide.Halogens and halogen salts e.g. bromine, zinc chloride, sodium

hypochlorite.Organic halides and organic acid halides such as acetyl chloride.Acid anhydrides.Some organic materials such as phenol ("carbolic acid").


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Storage of Acids and BasesCorrosive storage cabinets separated from all

other chemicals.They should not be stored in unapproved metalcabinets or on high shelves.Organic acids and organic bases may be storedwith the flammables, but acid resistant plastictrays must carefully segregate them.

Perchloric,Hydrofluoric and

Nitric acid mustbe storedseparately (e.g. innalgene buckets).


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Irritating (X i) substances

A chemical, which is not corrosive , butwhich causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemicalaction at the site of contact.

May cause problems with eyes ,

respiratory system and skin.Be sure to wear personal protectiveequipment (PPE) (such as gloves,goggles, aprons or dust masks) that iseffective for the kind of irritant you

are working with.Provide good ventilation or use in afume hood.

Wash with water after contact.

ExamplesSolvents e.g acetone, ethanolWeak acids, e.g. acetic, citricBases e.g. NaHCO3Sulphates e.g. ZnSO 4,

(NH4)2SO4,Oxides e.g. Ag2O, Fe2O3,Al2O3
http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/chemical.htmlhttp://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/corrosive.htmlhttp://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/inflammation.htmlhttp://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/ppe.htmlhttp://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/ppe.htmlhttp://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/ppe.htmlhttp://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/ppe.htmlhttp://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/inflammation.htmlhttp://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/corrosive.htmlhttp://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/chemical.html


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Flammable (F) A liquid is considered to beflammable if it has a flash point lessthan 37.8 C, e.g. chlorobenzene.

Liquid substances and preparationshaving Flash points below 21 C aresaid to be highly flammable, e.g.

ethanol, methanol, propanol, toluene.Solids and preparations are highlyflammable if they readily catch fireafter brief contact with a source ofignition and continue to bum afterremoval of the source of ignition.

Some substances and preparations,evolve highly flammable gases indangerous quantities when they come

into contact with water or damp air.

Note:A liquid is considered to becombustible if it has aflash point of 37.8C ormore, but less than 93.3C,as determined by theappropriate test method .


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Extremely Flammable (F+) Liquids with flash points below0 C and boiling points below or

equal to 35 C (e.g. acetone,THF, ethyl acetate) and gaseoussubstances and preparationswhich are flammable in contactwith air at ambient temperatureand pressure

Keep away from open fires, sources of heat and sparks.

Flammable liquids should be stored in awell ventilated metal cabinet (withdrip trays). Use a flammable storagecabinet or the shelf below a chemicalfume hood.


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Name Flash Point C

acetaldehyde -38acetone -18acetonitrile 6acetyl chloride 4acrylonitrile 0

benzene -11butyl alcohols 24-29carbon disulfide -30chlorobenzene 28chloromethane


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Name Flash Point C

DMSO -30

ethanol 12ethyl acetate -4.4ethyl acrylate 16ethyl chloroformate 16ethyl formate -20heptane -4hexane -23methanol 10isobutyl methyl ketone 17pentane -49piperidine 16propan-2-ol 12pyridine 20tetrahyrdrofuran -17

toluene 4.4


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Oxidizing Agent (O)

May cause fires when reacted withother materials such as alcohols,carbohydrates and cellulose.Keep away from combustiblematerial.

Keep container tightly closed.

Should be stored separately fromorganic solvents and incompatiblecompounds.

Examples Perchloric acid, chlorates and perchloratesChromates, dichromates, permanganates, persulphates and

periodatesNitric acid, nitrates, sodium nitriteLiquid oxygen and liquid air, peroxides


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Explosive (E)

Unstable compounds.May explode if subject toheat, shocks or friction.Store away from other

materials.Avoid using if a saferalternative can be used. Ifthis is not possible use the

smallest possible quantity anddo on a bench surrounded bysafety screens (on all sides).

Examples: Chlorates, perchlorates and

peroxides.Acetylene gasAmmonium nitrate.Trinitrtoluene


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Environmentally dangerous (N)

substancesCan cause environmental

damage, harmful to fish,aquatic organisms, otheranimals, plants or the ozonelayer

Do not empty into drainsExamples

Pesticides, varnishes, lead and mercury compounds,

many copper salts, CFCs


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What precautions should you take? Check the hazards of

the particularsolvents you use, theprecautions to takewhen you use themand the proceduresto follow in anemergency (MSDSsheets and containerlabels ).

Always use a fume hood if harmfulor toxic. Keep doors and windowsopen in confined spaces.

Use breathing apparatus orchemical filters when dealing withpoisonous or irritant substancesoutside the fume hood

Keep protective equipment clean.


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Use minimum amounts, usedispensers where possible tokeep evaporation to a minimumand reduce spillage and keep

lids on containers unlesscontents are being poured ordipped etc.

Always wear goggles whenheating chemicals, doingpreparative chemistry, orstanding near a chemicalreaction.

Avoid skin contact withsolvents by wearingsuitable protectiveclothing (gloves, lab coat,goggles or face shieldetc).


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Hand ProtectionGloves must be resistant to the specificchemical with which you are working.

For concentrated acids and alkalis ororganic solvents, natural rubber ,neoprene, or nitrile gloves arerecommended.

Remove gloves when opening doors, typingon computers or using the phone!

For handling hot objects, gloves made of heat-

resistant materials should be available and kept nearthe vicinity of ovens or furnaces.

Special insulated gloves should be worn whenhandling very cold objects such as liquid Nitrogen(LN2).


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Use the correct gloves


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Do not eat or smoke in areaswhere there are solvents.

Wash hands thoroughlybefore leaving the laboratoryarea and after changing gloves.

Never use solvents for

washing the skin.They remove the natural

protective oils from the skin andcan cause irritation andinflammation.

May be toxic or facilitateabsorption of a toxic chemical.

Keep away from nakedflames as very toxic

gases may be given off(by chlorinatedsolvents) and manysolvents are flammable.


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Monitoring solvent exposureOLEV - Occupational Exposure Limit Values These are time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations for

up to a 10-hour workday during a 40-hour workweek. Ashort-term exposure limit (STEL) is a 15-minute TWAexposure that should not be exceeded at any time during aworkday. For example Acrylic Acid has an OLEV of 30mg/m3 over 8 hours and 60mg/m 3 over 15 minutes.

Use value (include units) in the Code of practice for theSafety, Health and Welfare at Work (Chemical Agents)Regulations, 2001.

If there is no value for your particular chemical in thatdocument, consult the MSDS or the EH40/2003Occupational exposure limits 2002 (Published by the BritishHSA).


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What do you do if affected bysolvents?

Anyone who appears to have been affected bysolvents should be taken into the fresh airimmediately and given appropriate first-aidtreatment.

Heavily contaminated clothing should be removed assoon as possible.

Solvent splashes should be washed off the skin with

plenty of water and any wounds covered with asuitable dressing. Splashes of solvent in the eye should be treated by

washing the eye with water for at least 10 minutes

before the injured person is transferred to hospital.

Yo r emplo er m st:


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Your employer must: assess the risks to your health from your use ofsolvents and the precautions necessary to protect it;

introduce measures to prevent you from beingexposed to solvents or, where this is not reasonablypracticable, ensure that your exposure is adequatelycontrolled;

ensure that control measures are used, equipment isproperly maintained and checked and procedures areobserved;where necessary, monitor your exposure and carryout appropriate health surveillance;inform you about the risks and the precautionsnecessary to protect your health;train you in the use of control measures and anyprotective equipment which is required.


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You must: co-operate with your employer;make full use of any control measures, use the

protective equipment provided and report any defectiveequipment; where appropriate, attend health surveillanceprocedures at your workplace.

not use any materials containing solvents unless thearea is adequately ventilated and, where necessary, youare provided with suitable respiratory protection.

not enter a confined space where there may be solventvapours, unless your employer has ensured it is safe for

you to do so by ventilating the space and testing theatmosphere, or unless special precautions are taken.


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Hazard Information and Packaging (forSupply) Regulations

All products (Substances or Preparations) that areclassified as dangerous under the CPL Regulations requirea hazard label which must include:

- The common name of the substance- Contact details of the manufacturer- An appropriate hazard warning/ danger symbol- Standard risk (R) and safety (S) phrases

Other label information may include procedures for:- Proper handling- Storage- Emergency response
http://www.hsa.ie/safety/chemical_awareness/hsau/usechem.pdfhttp://www.hsa.ie/safety/chemical_awareness/hsau/usechem.pdf


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When more than one danger symbol is used the obligation to apply symbol T or T+ will make

symbols C, Xn and Xi optional the obligation to apply symbol C will make symbolsXn and Xi optional

the obligation to apply symbol E will make symbolsF and O optional

If a preparation is classified both harmful Xn andirritant Xi, it will be labelled harmful Xn, and theirritant properties should be pointed out withappropriate R-phrases.

The total amount of the substance in the preparationhas an effect in choosing the danger symbols, R- and

S-phrases.


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Flammable (RIO),Harmful by inhalation and in

contact with the skin(R20/21),

Irritating to skin (R38)

Keep out of reach of children(S2)

Avoid contact with eyes(S25)

Hazard Symbol

XYLENE Xn

Name andAddress ofManufacturer

Risk Phrases

Contact Detailsof Manufacturer

Chemical Name

Safety Phrases

The label has to contain all of the following:


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N.B. If you transfer some of the chemicalto another container you must label it witha copy of the original label.

Samples

- All samples should be properly labeledi) Name of chemical and solventii) Name of owneriii) Date

iv) An appropriate hazard warning/ dangersymbol

-Old samples should be disposed of before youleave (or graduate)!.


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Disposal of Solvents There are three categories which are

disposed of by the "waste solvent"route.

Waste flammable solvent (Ethylacetate, diethyl ether, xylene,petroleum ethers etc.)

Waste chlorinated solvent (Chloroform, dichloromethanetrichlorethylene etc.)

Waste oil

These should be stored in approvedsafety cans and sent to the HMF whenthey are no more than 2/3 full.

Solvents containing toxic or carcinogenic substances should also be separated .

All chemical wastemust be disposed ofpromptly through theHazardous MaterialsFacility (HMF)

www.tcd.ie/hazardous_ materials .
http://www.tcd.ie/hazardous_materialshttp://www.tcd.ie/hazardous_materialshttp://www.tcd.ie/hazardous_materialshttp://www.tcd.ie/hazardous_materials


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It is dangerous to mix chlorinated solvents and flammablesolvents together. Examples are chloroform and acetone or methanol in the

presence of sodium hydroxide, carbon tetrachloride anddimethylformamide in the presence of iron. On no account should oxidisers be added to flammable solvent,

since there is a high risk of fire or explosion. In some cases, (for example with nitric acid) there will be a

violent blow out of material due to the immediate heatingeffect .

In other cases (for example with bromine and ethanol) therecan be a delayed reaction which may cause the drum torupture if it has been sealed before the heat is generated bythe reaction.

The addition of water or acids to the waste in the drums is alsodangerous since it corrodes the drums, eventually causing leaksof the waste solvent.


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SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ROUTE Non-contaminated paper

and packaging anduncontaminated gloves.Polymerised gels adequatelywrapped (inside used gloveetc)

Lab waste bins or black plastic sacks

Sharps, needles, finebroken glass, pipette tips, disposable pipettes contaminated paper,plastics and gloves

Yellow sharps binsto be disposed ofvia the HMF.

Broken glassware (ifcontaminated, may requiredecontaminating beforedisposal)

Rigid, puncture-proofcontainers which areclearly marked "CLEANBROKEN GLASS"before discarding inthe solid waste stream.


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Toxic WasteNever throw toxic substances or glassware into the

waste paper bin! All toxic waste should be segregated and clearly labelled

and disposed of via the HMF.Contaminated gloves and tissues should be disposed of in

the same manner.Tissues containing large amounts of solvents should be

vented in the fume hoodContainers which have been emptied but which may

contain residues of hazardous chemicals should be treated

as hazardous.In cases of doubt about the degree of hazard, the waste

should be classified as the highest hazard.


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Care of Equipment Balance

Extremely delicateAlways use a vessel to weigh substances inAvoid spillage (especially CNTs!) and clean after useNOTE: Clean spatula after use also!

Ultrasonic bath Fill up to 1 inch below surfaceNever leave on overnightNever drop things into it when switched onDo not place your hands into bath while operating!Do not use with conc. acid ( unless in sealed tube)Clean after use

Vacuum Ovens


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Vacuum OvensGet instructions on how to useAlways use a trap and surge vesselDo not switch on high heat without checking what is inside!Do not leave on with door open!Clean after use

Gas CylindersGet instructions on how to useStore in a cool, well ventilated place (properly chained to the wall)Valves and screw threads should never be greased as this can

lead to an explosion

Cryogenic liquids Cold burns, wear appropriate gloves and shoesAsphyxiation in poorly ventilated spaceFire danger: Liquid nitrogen (b.p. -196 0C) contains some liquid

oxygen (b.p. -1820C) so before complete evaporation there may be ahigh % of O2 left. Oxygen enrichment also occurs near surface.

Risk of explosion: over-pressurisation from large volume

expansion ratio

Li id Ni DEWAR S f


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Liquid Nitrogen DEWAR Safety

LOCATION

PL/Raman lab (75L)

MI (50L)

Fitzgerald (25L)

Very cold liquid - 195 C

Pressure can build upinside the DEWARs

1 Vent Valve releases pressure

2 Pressure Gauge

3 Tap for filling/ attaching to machine

4 Transfer Valve attaching to machine


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Collecting full DEWAR outside CHECK

1 Vent Valve open2 Pressure zero

If Vent Valve closed?

Open slowly standing out of the way of the vent

*ALWAYS RECHECK THE PRESSURE*

When pressure zero

Wheel DEWAR indoors.Place in lift.

Put up warning chain.Take stairs to lab.

*** NEVER ENTER A LIFT THATCONTAINS A DEWAR(full or otherwise)***


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Principles of Good Chemical Practice

Do not run in the lab Take care when opening and closing doors

Read and obey signs before entering

Never carry bottles by the neck.Suitable bottle carriers should be used for transportingWinchesters.Liquid chemicals should not be accompanied in the lift. A chain isprovided to block access to the lift carriage, the lift with cargo is

sent to your desired floor while the accompanying person shouldwalk up.Large glass flasks should also be supported at the base as well asclamped at the neck.Glass tubing should always be carried in an upright position.


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Avoid carrying glassware with wet hands.Never remove chemicals or equipment without asking

Could be a hazardous substanceCould be needed to neutralize a hazardous spill

Always use a pipette filler when using pipettes.Never look into the mouth of a test-tube (or beaker,

flask etc)And dont point it at anyone else!

Do not inhale vapours when testing odours.Waft gently with hand .

Never try to force a frozen ground glass joint.Ask an expert (e.g glass blower) for help.

Glass ampoules

Ampoules of volatile chemicals must be thoroughly cooled andwrapped in strong cloth before opening


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Never work aloneUnless there is someone within calling distance, who isaware of your presence.

Report all accidents and breakageLab Technician (breakage)Chief Technician (accidents)Safety Officer (accidents and hazards)

Study experimental details, theory and hazardsbefore starting

Make sure you understand what you are going to do.Read safety sheets supplied with hazardous chemicals.

If in doubt ASK. Keep a lab notebook

Observe carefullyRecord accurately

Cross reference all spectra


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Keep work bench cleanDo not clutter.

Area should be free from scraps of paper and paper towels. Glassware should be clean and dry before use.Reagents and chemicals should be returned to their storagearea immediately after use.Clamp all equipment and glassware andkeep well back from theedge of the laboratory bench.Position apparatus thoughtfully in case you need to moveapparatus before the entire reaction is completed.Make sure all rubber tubing is connected to tap and experiment

with clips and that it cannot be pulled out of the sink.Grease ground glass joints or stopcocks unless a lubricant willcontaminate the system (in which case Teflon sleeves can beused).

Do not mix oil baths and change when dirty.


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If your experiment has to be left on overnight it mustdisplay an unattended apparatus form

with details of special procedural hazards,how to terminate in an emergency and

a contact address and phone no (24hr).

Chemical reactions also need a usage risk assessment form.

Machinery should not be left running unless it is safe.

Make sure all machines have necessary guards etc .Never leave water funnels on overnight!


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Clean all glassware after use Its easier, safer (as the nature of the contaminant will be known)and more considerate for your colleaguesMethods:i) Soap (e.g. Tepol, Vim)ii) Decon (5% aqueous solution); Particularly suitable for silicone oils,greases, polymeric residues and tars.iii) Acid (for metals); e.g. 6M HCl or aqua regia, acidic peroxidesolution or chromic acid for stubborn residues (BUT USE WITHEXTREAM CAUTION!)

iv) Base bath (for organics)v) Organic solventsvi) Ultrasonic bathRinse with IPA and distilled water

(or acetone for quick drying)


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NoteContaminated items. Returnglassware that containschemicals or contamination tothe researcher for properdisposal.

Removing labels. Whenscraping labels, always bracethe bottle against the sink so

you have good control and thebottle doesn't slip.


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Use a laboratory chemical hood when handling stockquantities of volatile hazardous chemicals or doing experimentswhich may expose you to chemical or toxic fumes.

Protection is provided by room air that is drawn into the hoodand vented to the atmosphere. The hood ventilation providesfurther protection by diluting the concentration of flammablegases below explosion limits.


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NT are classified as Irritants (Xi) and therefore require the following hazard symbol, risk and safety

phrases and should be used with protective equipment.

Be sure to wear gloves, goggles, aprons and dust masks. Provide good ventilation or use in a fume hood. Wash with water after contact.

R 36/37 Irritating to eyes andrespiratory system.

S26 In case of contact with eyes,

rinse immediately with plenty of waterand seek medical advice.S36 Wear suitable protectiveclothing.


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Issues in Nanotechnology Industry National Irish Safety Organisation/TUC Aug 2004

Nanotechnology - the new asbestos?

Well known that 'ultra fine' particles can damage human lungs e.g.Asbestos is still killing people 100 years on.

NP are likely to cause damage to human lungs because of their size andextreme aspect ratio (as they can get deep into the lungs).

They carry other chemicals including metals and hydrocarbons in withthem, causing asthma and breathing problems.

They can get into the body through the skin, lungs and digestive

system. This may cell damage by the creation of free radicals. There is also a danger that once NP are in the bloodstream they will be

able to cross the blood-brain barrier.

The human body has developed a tolerance to most naturally occurringelements but it has no natural immunity to new substances and is morelikely to find them toxic.

d


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Recommendations Follow MSDS for Activated carbon

Classified as harmful (Xn) Risk Phrases R20: Harmful by inhalation, R36/37/38: Irritating to

eyes, respiratory system and skin Safety Phrases S22: do not breath dust, S26: In case of contact

with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medicaladvice S36/37: Wear suitable protective clothes and gloves

Use Zero-Stat gun when handling NT Use PPA and respirators with HEPA (high efficiency particulate

air) filters

Reduce Exposure Production should be done within a contained process For large amounts weigh out in a glove box Isolate individuals

Monitor exposure concentrations


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Dimethylformamide (DMF)

MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells.Mutagenic for bacteria

The substance is toxic to blood, kidneys, liver, central nervous system

Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans:- Chronic exposure may affect genetic material.

- May cause adverse reproductive effects(paternal and maternal) and birthdefects.

- May cause cancer although evidence for cancer shows inadequate data.

May cause alcohol intolerance

Repeated or prolonged exposure can produce target organs damage


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Dimethylacetamide (DMA)

Toxicity data

Toxicity experienced on rats, mouses and rabbits(oral, intraperitoneal, intravenous)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation andthrough the skin: Headache. Nausea. Vomiting.

The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic fumes (nitrogen oxides)

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly onevaporation of this substance at 20C.

. Effects of long-term or repeated exposure

The liquid defats the skin. The substance may have effects on thecentral nervous system and liver.

Effects of short-term exposureThe substance is irritating to the eyes and the skin

Gamma butyrrolactone (Liquid X)


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Toxicological properties have not been thoroughly investigated

Gamma butyrrolactone (Liquid X)

Capable of corneal injury. May develop, with possible permanent impairmentof vision. The vapour is discomforting to the eyes causing pain and severe

conjunctivitis.

Causes skin irritationMay be harmful if absorbed through the skin

Causes eye irritation

Very Harmful if inhaledMaterial may be irritating to mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract

TARGET: Central nervous systemCentral nervous system depression may include general discomfort, symptoms

of giddiness, headache, dizziness, nausea, anaesthetic effects, slowed reactiontime, slurred speech and may progress to unconsciousness. Serious poisoningsmay result in respiratory depression and may be fatal.GBL is aprodrug of GHB (gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid) . Metabolism takes placein stomach and blood plasma. GBL is longer acting and has a shorter onset thanGHB. Weight for weight it is significantly more powerful. It is also used illegally under the street names Juice , Liquid Ecstasy or simply G .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodrughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_drugshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_drugshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodrug


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N-Methyl Pyrrolidone (NMP)

CHRONIC EFFECTS: Overexposure may cause reproductive disordersbased on test with lab animals. Target organs: bone marrow, thymus, spleen,

and lymphatic system. caused reduced fertility in male rats and increased the

time for female rats to become pregnant. Not studied in humans. In onereport, a worker's exposure to NMP during the first trimester of

pregnancy was linked to abnormal growth of the fetus

Breathing excessive amounts for a short period of time causesheadache, nausea, dizziness, clumsiness, drowsiness and other

effects like those of being drunk.

Repeated, frequent overexposure to NMP and other solvents over months or years can have long-lasting and possibly permanent effects on the nervous

system. The symptoms of these long-term effects include fatigue, sleeplessness,poor coordination, difficulty in concentrating, loss of short-term memory, and

personality changes such as depression, anxiety, and irritability.

ACUTE EFFECTS: vapor or mist irritates eyes, mucous membranes and

upper respiratory tract; causes skin irritation; prolonged exposure can causestomach pains, vomiting, diarrhea.


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Methanol

Narcotic

Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis.

Toxic by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption

Exposure (Ingestion or Inhalation)may cause eye, kidney, heart and liver damage

Chronic or substantial acute exposure may cause serious eyedamage, including blindness

Irritant

l ( )


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Isopropanol (IPA)

May cause skin irritation (Prolonged and/or repeated contact may causedefatting of the skin and dermatitis)

Target Organs : Kidneys, central nervous system.

Causes digestive and respiratory tract irritation (inhalation of vapormay cause respiratory tract irritation. May cause narcotic effects)

May cause severe eye irritation and possible injury (burning sensation,redness, tearing, inflammation, and possible corneal injury )

May cause reproductive effects based upon animal studies

May form explosive peroxides

May cause kidney damage

May cause central nervous system depression(headache, dizziness, etc.)


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Ethanol

May cause skin irritation

Causes digestive and respiratory tract irritation (inhalation of vapor maycause respiratory tract irritation. May cause narcotic effects)

Chronic use can cause serious liver damage

May cause severe eye irritation and possible injury

May cause reproductive effects based upon animal studies


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Acetone

Extremely flammable liquid and vapour

Use of alcoholic beverages enhances toxic effects. Exposure mayincrease the toxic potential of chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as

chloroform, trichloroethane.

Effects central nervous system:high concentrations can produce central nervous system

depression, narcosis, and unconsciousness.

Causes irritation to the skin due to defatting action(redness, pain, drying and cracking of the skin, dermatitis)

Causes irreversible irritation to respiratory tract:coughing, dizziness, dullness, and headache


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Toluene

Toxic by inhalation, ingestion or by absorption through skin

Serious irritant

May affect liver, kidneys, blood system and central nervous system

Symptoms of overexposure may includefatigue, confusion, headache, dizziness, drowsiness

Very high concentrations may cause unconsciusness and death

Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis

Exposure to alcohol may increase toxic effects

Th fi l


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The final message......

You are not going to die using chemicals

... BUT you MUST be carefull and

take preacutions!!!!!!!

Its just common sense.......

... FOR YOU AND THE PEOPLEAROUND YOU!!!!!

IF YOU DONT care of consequences

Youll end up with pneumonia....


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If its cold you cover up and you still can havesome good fun...

IF YOU DON T care of consequences.............. p p

Just like mummy!!!

Drivers know that there are some rules and driving can


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Drivers know that there are some rules and driving canbe chaotic but still ordinate...Just like in Italy!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


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+ Fume Hood


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Next InstalmentDepartmental Safety Talk Safety Legislation

Chemical Regulations Departmental Rules

Risk Assessment and Control Database/Chemical Inventory RA and MSDS sheets Hazard Labels, Risk and Safety Codes Storage of Chemicals Protection/Minimization of Risks

Disposal Procedures Spill Procedures

working safely with solvents

Documents