Work on the Weekly Notebook Questions and Consider the Following Questions for

Discussion Later:

Mon, 9/29/14

• (1) What were the different plans for Reconstruction?

• (2) Why did President Johnson clash with the Radical Republicans over the Reconstruction of the American South?

• (3) Given President Lincoln’s assassination, did this event save the president from a more tarnished presidential legacy?

Essential Learning Questions

• Was Reconstruction an “unfinished revolution?”

• What were the freedoms African-Americans gained during Reconstruction?

• What were the different plans for Reconstruction?

• How did life in the South change during Reconstruction?

Freedmen’s Bureau and Education• Education:• No state-supported, mandatory school system existed in the American

South.

• By 1865, 90,000 former slaves enrolled in schools

• Attendance rates were between 79% - 82%

• By 1870, 1,000 schools established in American South

• By 1876, 40% of all African American children attended school.

• An inspector for the Bureau reported the freedmen “have a natural thirst for knowledge” and are excited by “the special study of books.”

• Established 11 colleges in Southern states

• The Bureau spent $5 million to establish schools.

President Lincoln’s “Ten Percent Plan”• Pardoned all Southerners, except high-ranking military

officers, who took an oath pledging loyalty to the Union and support for emancipation.

• As soon as 10% of a state’s voters took the oath, the state could …– Could call a state convention– Establish a new state government– Apply for congressional recognition

Wade-Davis Bill (1864)

• Moderate Republicans’ plan to do the following:– Majority of Southerners in each state needed to take

an oath of loyalty to the Union in order for the state to reorganize and hold a state convention.

– All delegates to state conventions needed to take an “iron-clad” affirming they did not fight against the Union, nor support the Confederacy

– Each state would have to abolish slavery and reject all Confederate government debts

President Johnson’s Plans• 10% loyalty oath by a Southern state’s population,

then they could hold a state convention, establish new government, and apply for Congress’s recognition.

• Pardoned all Southerners taking an oath of loyalty to the Union, except high-ranking Confederate government leaders, officers in Confederate Army, and Southern property owners over $20,000 in property value.

• Anyone could apply for a pardon individually.