Word formation 1

Lesson 7B

CLASSIFYING GRAMMAR

MORPHOLOGY SYNTAX

GRAMMAR

CLASSIFYING MORPHOLOGY

INFLECTION

DERIVATION COMPOUNDING

WORD FORMATION

MORPHOLOGY

THE OVERALL PICTURE

Inflection

Derivation Composition

Word formation

MORPHOLOGY SYNTAX

GRAMMAR

swim

• CONVERSION

• when a word changes its word class

to swim (verb) a swim (noun)

CONVERSION

• to rain rain

• to bicycle a bicycle

• to cheat a cheat

CNN, NATO

• ACRONYMS

• initials which are pronounced as single words

ping-pong, teeny-weeny

• REDUPLICATION

• a lexeme with two identical, or very similar, constituents

motel, brunch, heliport

• BLENDING

• when a word is made out of shortened forms of other words

• BR-eakfast + l-UNCH = BRUNCH

BLENDING

• motel

• heliport

• mo-tor? + ho-tel

• heli-copter + air-port

gas

• CLIPPING

• when a word of more than one syllable is reduced to a shorter form

gasoline gas

CLIPPING

burger

deli

mike

hamburger

delicatessen

microphone

edit, televise, demo

• BACK FORMATION

• When a word of one type is reduced to form a word of a different type

editor edit

BACK FORMATION

• television televise

• demonstration demo

Aussie• HYPOCORISM

• A longer word is reduced to a single syllable and then -y or -ie is added

• Australian Auss + -ie Aussie

HYPOCORISM

• moving picture

move+ ie

movie

quack, woof

• ONOMATOPEIA

• When a word is created to sound like the thing it names

Darwinian

• EPONYM

• when a word is derived from the name of a person

EPONYMY

• Buzz Lightyear is derived from Buzz Aldrin the astronaut

• Garibaldi biscuits were marketed in England after Garibaldi’s visit (and you can still buy them)

nylon, aspirin

• COINAGE

• the invention of a totally new word

This often occurs with scientific names andtrade names of new products

Quiz (1)

• vet = clipping• fantabulous = blending (fantastic + fabulous)• Google = coinage (a new invention)• to Google (vb) = conversion from Google (noun)• doc = clipping (from doctor)• zig-zag =reduplication• fahrenheit = eponym

Quiz (2)• ‘Sob!’ = onomatopeia• hankie = hypocorism• AIDS = acronymy• to biograph = back-formation from biography (noun)• infotainment = blending (information + entertainment)• to party = conversion from party (noun)