Zanzibar Forestry Development Project

Technical Paper No. 40

WOODY BIOMASS INVENTORY OF ZANZIBAR ISLANDS

J armo Les kin en Veli M. Pohjonen Mbarouk S. Ali

May1997

Zanzibar Forestry Development Project

Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Natural Recources, 7.anzibar

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of International Development Co-operation, FinL'lnd

© Metsii.halfitus - Forest and Park Service

For more information:

Commission far Natural Resources, Sub-Commission far Forestry PO.Box 3526, 7.anzibar, Tanzania

Fax + 255-54-31252

PO.Box 94, 01301 Vantaa, Finland

Tel.int. +358-9-85784231

Fax +358-9-85784401

E-mail knowhow@metsa.fi

Cover photo: jarmo Leskinen, Field work of the woody biomass inventory of 7.anzibar islands.

Lay-out: Arja Halme

Printed at Metsii.hallitus - Forest and Park Service, 1997

ISSN 1236-6196 ISBN 951 -53-1356-2

CONTENTS

SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 5

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................... 6

1. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................................. ?

2. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................... 7

3. DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................................................................. 10

4. APPLIED INVENTORY METHODOLOGIES ...............................................................................................•........... 10 4.1. Woody biomass inventory ........................................................................................................................................ 10 4.2. Photo-interpretation ................................................................................................................................................ 10 4.3. Field work ............................................................................................................................................................... 11 4.4. Data analysis ............................................................................................................................................................ 12 4.5. Height curves, volume and biomass models .............................................................................................................. 12

5. RESULTS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 13 5.1. Results of photo-interpretation ............................................................................................................................... 13

5.1.1. General results ................................................................................................................................................. 13 5.1.2. Comparison of photo-interpretation and field work ....................................................................................... 16 5.1.3. Differences between land-use from aerial photographs and satellite images ....................................................... 18

5.2. Total results ............................................................................................................................................................. 19 5.3. Unguja island .......................................................................................................................................................... 22 5.4. Pemba island ........................................................................................................................................................... 26 5.5. Comparison to the previous inventory results ............................... ............................................................................ 28

6. RELIABILITY OF THE RESULTS ............................................................................................................................... 28

7. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................................................ 29

8. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................... 33

LIST OF ANNEXES:

Annex I. Annex 2. Annex 3. Annex 4. Annex 5. Annex 6. Annex 7. Annex 8. Annex 9. Annex 10. Annex 11.

An example of satellite image - Unguja island An example of satellite image - Pemba island Tree species Height and volume models Volume distributions against sampling categories Woody biomass inventory results by tree species - Unguja island Woody biomass inventory results by tree species - Pemba island Species occurence - Zanzibar islands Field cluster results - Unguja island Field cluster results - Pemba island Results of wood coverage - Unguja and Pemba islands

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Annex 12. Annex 13. Annex 14. Annex 15.

Volume modelling of Eugenia caryophyllus (clove tree) Volume modelling of Adansonia digitata (baobab) Explanation of the codes used in photo-interpretation Field work instructions

LIST OF FIGURES:

Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12.

Distribution ofland-use classes according to photo-interpretation - Unguja island. Distribution of land-use classes according to photo-interpretation - Pemba island. Main tree species in Unguja island according to photo-interpretation. Main tree species in Pemba island according to photo-interpretation. Comparison of the land-use classes between aerial photo-interpretation and field observations - U nguja island. Comparison of the land-use classes between aerial photo-interpretation and field observations - Pemba island. Volume distribution for the main tree species - Unguja island. Volume distribution by diameter classes - Unguja island. Number of stems per hectare by diameter class - Unguja island Number of stems per hectare by diameter classes for the main tree species - Unguja island. Volume distribution for the main tree species - Pemba island. Volume distribution by diameter class - Pemba island.

LIST OF TABLES:

Table 1. Table 2. Table 3.

Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10.

Area of land-use classes according to photo-interpretation. Land-use differences between aerial photographs (1989-90) and satellite images (1995) - Unguja island. Land-use class differences between aerial photographs (1989-90) and satellite images (1995) - Pemba island. Total areas and volumes - Zanzibar islands. Total volume and oven-dry biomass results - Zanzibar islands. Total woody volume in the Zanzibar islands, grouped by the main tree species and forest types. Number of stems of the most common and important tree species - Zanzibar islands. Total areas, volumes and biomass in different sampling categories - Unguja island. Total areas, volumes and biomass in different sampling categories - Pemba island. Standard error for volume and number of stems - Unguja and Pemba islands.

4

SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

CNR NCDP SCF ZFDP B-area Bio Car cm D(g) H(g) ha m

3 m

Sp. Vol Tot Tot Bio Tot Vol

Commission of Natural Resources National Coconut Development Program Sub-Commission for Forestry Zanzibar Forestry Development Project Basal area Biomass (oven-dry biomass) Sampling category Centimetre Breast height diameter of the median basal area tree Mean height (corresponding to the mean diameter D(g)) Hectare Metre Cubic metre Species Volume Total Total biomass {oven-dry biomass) T oral volume

5

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This is the complete report of the woody biomass resources of Zanzibar. It includes the results of the woody biomass inventory of Zanzibar, together with some results from previous inventories. The principal aims of this work were: to study, analyse and report on the volume (and area) of all woody vegetation in Zanzibar. It has been undertaken during the final phase of the Zanzibar Forestry Development Project {ZFDP), to serve as an end line study for the project and as a baseline study for continuing forestry activity in Zanzibar.

The results from previous inventory projects were used for the areas of high forests Oozani and Ngezi forests) and mangroves forests. The inventory method used was a classical type of national forest inventory based on a two phase sampling of the area using satellite image analysis, aerial photographic interpretation and field observations. In the photo-interpretation phase, 2101 points were placed over the Zanzibar islands. In the field work phase, 429 field dusters were sampled and measured.

The total land surface area of Zanzibar (excluding mangrove forests) was calculated as 249,346 ha, Unguja accounting for 153,264 ha {61.5 %) and Pemba for 96,082 ha {38.5 %). The area of mangrove forests was calculated as 15,946 ha, of which 5,003 ha (31,4 %) is in Unguja and 10,943 ha (68,6 %) is in Pemba.

The key findings of the study are as follows:

• Total stem volume was estimated at 10.3 mill. m3, of which 5.8 mill. m3 (56.3 %) is in Unguja

and 4.5 mill. m3 (43.7 %) is in Pemba.

• The mean volume is 38.7 m3/ha; 36.5 m3/ha in Unguja and 41.9 m3/ha in Pemba.

• The mean volume per capita is 12.1 m3/cap; 11.6 m3/cap in Unguja and 12.8 m3/cap in Pemba.

• The volume in mangrove forests is 0.64 mill. m3; about 205,000 m3 in Unguja and 436,100 m3

in Pemba.

• The volume in J ozani forest {U nguja) is 121, 100 m3 and in N gezi forest (Pemba) is 272,200m3•

• The main species is coconut (Cocos nucifera), which constitutes 40.8 % (4.2 mill. m3) of the total

stem volume. Coconut is followed by clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) with 7.5 % {0.77 mill. m3)

and mango (Mangifera indica) with 6.8 % (0.70 mill. m3) of total stem volume.

• The total number of stems was estimated to be 431.5 mill., averaging 1627 stems/ha.

• The total oven-dry biomass is about 7.9 mill. tonnes, of which 4.3 mill. tonnes (53.8 %) is in Unguja and 3.7 mill. tonnes (46.2 %) is in Pemba.

During the study, volume and biomass models were constructed for clove trees (Eugenia caryophyllus) and a volume model constructed for baobab trees (Adansonia digitata).

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1. BACKGROUND The Zanzibar Forestry Development Project (ZFDP), which is supported by the Government of

Finland's Ministry for Foreign Affairs, has been running since 1980. The initial objectives of the project were: afforestation for soil and water conservation, and timber production for fuel wood purposes, in government forest reserves. Later, the overall objectives changed to encouraging village forestry and forest conservation activities.

In the course of the project life there have been changes in the forest resources of the islands and in the amount of woody biomass. The changes have been both positive - such as the establishment of plantations and enhancement of village forestry - and negative - for instance the clearance of the original coral rag forest for shifting cultivation with too short a cycle. The woody biomass inventory was seen as essential at the end of the long term project in order to assess sustainability in the forestry sector and the amount of woody biomass in the islands. The inventory serves as an end-line study for the Zanzibar Forestry Development Project and as a base-line study for continuing forestry activities in Zanzibar.

2. INTRODUCTION Forests play an important role in the lives of the people of Zanzibar. They are important sources of fuel and building timber, food and fodder, as well as shelters for water reserves and estuaries of fish breeding areas. Originally both islands: Unguja and Pemba, as well as the adjacent smaller islands, were apparently fully covered by indigenous forests. They were either high tropical rain forests in the deep soil areas, low but dense coral rag forests, or rich mangrove forests in the sheltered coastal sites.

In the course of time and human impact most of the deep soil forests have been cleared for early agroforestry activities, especially for clove tree (Eugenia caryophyllus) and for coconut (Cocos nucifera). In the mangrove and coral rag zone charcoal making, lime burning, pole cutting, fuel wood production and shifting cultivation (still a common farming practice in the coral rag) have become more and more common. These human activities have started to threaten parts of the islands by deforestation.

A comprehensive woody biomass inventory over Zanzibar islands has not been carried out. The early remarks (like Burton 1872) about the woody vegetation cover are related to promotion of clove and coconut cultivation. The exotic islands also raised early interest among botanists and zoologists. Zanzibarian trees, other vegetation and the ecosystems were described from botanical and systematic point of view for instance by Moreau and Pakenham (1940), R.O. Williams (1949) and J.C. Williams (1967).

In 1972 Oxford University Exploration Club fielded a mission to Zanzibar, to explore especially the already then only remnant of the original high forest in Unguja: the Jozani forest (Kingston et al. 1974). The forest was described as a swamp forest, having evolved from mangrove swamp as the sea level fell. A total area of 196 ha was estimated for the Jozani forest, including 16 ha of planted Calophyllum inophyllum. A rudimentary inventory on the occurrence of various species revealed that

7

Jozani forest was dominated (44.6 per cent of species recorded) by a shrub Polysphaeria parvifolia. The next important species were Calophyllum inophyllum (16.4 %), Eugenia sp. (15.5 %), Pandanus rabaiensis (7 %), Vitex doniana (5.3 %), Elaeis gu.ineensis (3.9 %), Anthogleista g;randiflora (2.4 %), Bridelia micrantha (I.3 %), Areca catechu (I.I %), Ficus spp. (0.9 %) and Psychotria spp. (0.8 %) .

The next piece of information about forest resources in Zanzibar is found in the land and vegetation type classification from late 1970s. The National Coconut Development Program (NCDP) estimated, based on aerial photography of 1977, that the area of various types of forest vegetation (on the Unguja island only), was some 30,000 ha (Forest ... 1987a). Out of this about 750 ha was dense forest, 266 ha forest plantations, some 24,000 ha coral rag forests and about 5,000 ha mangroves.

This and the other subsequent accounts face a consistent problem with the definition of forest in Zanzibar. Is the forest only composed of indigenous tree species? Are the plantation forests also to be calculated in the Zanzibar forest area? If so, which planted tree species are accepted as 'forest tree species', for instance: is a closed clove tree stand a forest? Is rubber tree plantation a forest? Or, if scattered coconut trees grow intermixed with indigenous zanzibarian high forest trees, is the area in question to be recorded in the land class of forests, coconut plantations or agriculture?

The first attempt to carry out a conventional inventory over Unguja island was done in 1983 in the Zanzibar Forestry Development project by the team of Jaakko Poyry International (Forest ... 1983), the results of which were updated after four years (Forest ... 1987a). Areawise this inventory was based on the NCDP data, and thus only sharpened its findings. However, for the first time some growing stock estimates were possible to make. Over 27,050 hectares of proper forest area, the total growing stock was estimated at 1,151,250 m3 that is, at mean wood volume of 42.5 m3/ha. The wood volumes were estimated from commercial saw log angle. For the trees included in the results the diameter at breast height had to be over 12 cm. The top part less than 10 cm was excluded. In 1985 the total area of forest plantations in Unguja was 720 ha, of which 470 ha were new plantations planted between 1981-1985 by the Zanzibar Forestry Development Project (Forest ... 1987b).

The first true forest inventories in Zanzibar islands, based on ground truth sampling, were done over Jozani and Ngezi (Pemba) forest in 1991 (Pikkarainen 1993). The total area of Jozani forest was now estimated at 556 ha. The total stem volume in Jozani was 121,100 m3 and the stem number 568,331, respectively. The corresponding mean values were 218 m3 /ha for the volume and 1022 stems/ha for the stocking. To the total J ozani volume Vitex doniana contributed most, 30,864 m3

, the two next voluminous being Calophyllum inophyllum (22,448 m3) and Elaeis guineensis

(19,145 m3). The same overall species as estimated by Kingston et al. (1974) dominated still in 1991 in the stem numbers, namely Eugenia sp. (16.7 %), Polysphaeria parvifolia (10.7 %), Vitex doniana (8.5 %), Calophyllum inophyllum (8.0 %) and Bridelia micrantha (4.5 %).

The Ngezi forest was found to be by all standards larger and richer than the Jozani forest. The total Ngezi area was estimated at 1220 ha, the total volume at 272,200 m3 and the total stem number at 793,500 stems. The corresponding mean values were 227 m3 /ha for the volume and 663 stems/ha for the stocking. To the total Ngezi volume Quassia undulata contributed most (47,872 m3

), the two next voluminous beingAntiaris toxicaria (32,401 m3

) and Bombax rhodognaphalon (16,577 m3) .

A planted species of curiosity in Ngezi, Maesopsis eminii was number four with total volume of 16,367 m3

). Compared to Jozani the distribution of dominant species in Ngezi was totally different and much more diversified. By stem number the most abundant Ngezi tree was Quassia undulata

8

(6.0 %), followed by Antiaris toxicaria (4.1 %), Bombax rhodognaphalon (2.1 %), Maesopsis eminii (2.1 %) and Uapacaguineensis (1.8 %).

In 1992-1993 another inventory was carried out in the mangrove and coral rag forests of both Unguja and Pemba islands (Leskinen and Silima 1993). The total mangrove area was estimated at 15,946 ha, out of which 5003 ha was in Unguja and 10,943 ha in Pemba. The total mangrove volume was 641,100 m3

, of which 205,000 m3 came from Unguja and 436,100 m3 from Pemba. The mean mangrove volume was slightly higher in Unguja (40.97 m3/ha) than in Pemba (39.86 m3/ha), whereas the overall mean volume was 40.2 m3/ha. The average stocking in the mangrove forests was about 2300 stems/ha. Different mangrove species were not identified.

In 1991 coral rag forests covered altogether 104,653 ha in Zanzibar (90,458 ha in Unguja and 14,195 ha in Pemba). The total volume in the coral rag was 1.8 mill. m3 for the both islands (1.6 mill. m3 for Unguja and 0.2 mill. m3 for Pemba). In Unguja the coral rag forest mean volume was somewhat higher (17.82 m3/ha) than in Pemba (14.04 m3/ha). The overall mean volume was 17.31 m3/ha. Various coral rag tree species were identified for selecting suitable volume and biomass models. Occurrence of different species on the coral rag was, however, not determined.

The principal aim of the 1996 woody biomass inventory was to study, analyze and report on the total volume (and area) of woody vegetation in the whole area of Zanzibar at the end of the Zanzibar Forestry Development Project. It includes woody vegetation on all types of land: forested, agricultural and urban.

The inventory began in April 1996. It was completed in May 1997. The work plan and inventory design were prepared in Zanzibar by the Inventory Manager, Mbarouk S. Ali and the Technical Adviser, Jarmo Leskinen. The plan was scrutinized by the Zanzibar Forest Development Project and the Finnish Forest and Park Service and supervised by its photo-interpretation and field work by the Chief Technical Adviser Veli M. Pohjonen.

Prior to photo-interpretation work, a one week trammg course was conducted for the field inventory team. The actual photo-interpretation was carried out over three months (May - July, 1996) by the Inventory Manager with two assistants from the forest inventory section. The field work lasted for four months (August - November, 1996). The ground truth measurements were made by four crews from the forest planning section supervised by the Inventory Manager. Each field crew consisted of four members (one crew leader, one assistant and two field helpers). A botanist was also used for the first two weeks of the field work to help with the identification of trees.

Data input was done simultaneously with field measurements. The Inventory Manager and Technical Adviser began the analysis of the field data in November 1996. The analysis and report writing were completed in May 1997.

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3. DEFINITIONS The following definitions were used in the inventory:

• Woody vegetation is all trees growing in forests, on agricultural land and in settled areas,

• A tree is a woody, perennial plant with a well-defined stem carrying a more-or-less definite crown; in the field measurements minimum acceptable breast height diameter for a sample tree is 2.0 cm,

• Woody biomass consists of the stem and the branches of the tree,

• Woody biomass is normally expressed in tons per hectare. In this report, the biomass is expressed by stem volume (m3 /ha) and oven-dry weight (tons/ha) .

4. APPLIED INVENTORY METHODOLOGIES

4.1. Woody biomass inventory

The woody biomass inventory covered the entire area of both Unguja and Pemba islands. However, the inventory area had already been partly covered by other recent inventories. Data already existed on the forest resources of the largest remnants of high natural forest Oozani and Ngezi forests) and of the coral rag and mangrove forests.

The inventory method used was the classical type of national forest inventory based on a two-phase sampling of the inventory area. The main phases of this inventory were:

• Photo-interpretation

• Field work

• Data analysis and report writing.

All the recently inventoried areas were also included in the photo-interpretation phase. The mangrove areas and Jozani and Ngezi forests were excluded from the field work. The intensity of the field work was lower in parts of the coral rag forests.

4.2. Photo-interpretation

The basic resource used for the photo-interpretation was black and white aerial photographs at the scale of 1: 10 000 taken in 1989-90. Additionally, SPOT-satellite images were acquired covering both islands. However, satellite imagery which was relatively free of clouds was available for only a

10

part of the inventory area. Satisfactory SPOT-panchromatic images were used for Unguja. A combination of SPOT-multispectral data was used for Pemba. Both the panchromatic and multispectral images were taken in 1995. The resolution of panchromatic images was 10 m x 10 m and of multispectral images was 20 m x 20 m.

Two panchromatic scenes were used for Unguja and three multispectral scenes used for Pemba. Each precision corrected (geometric correction) scene was enhanced for forestry interpretation and digitally sectioned into four quarters. Each quarter was photographically replicated on a scale of 1:50 000.

The satellite images were used to get a preliminary idea of land-use classification, to automate the sampling of photo points and to estimate the changes of land-use in the period between the aerial photographs being taken (1989-90) and the satellite images of 1995. The satellite images also serve a comparable reference point for future changes in land-use and woody biomass.

The inventory method was based on a two-phase sampling of the inventory area using satellite image analysis, aerial photographic interpretation and field observations. In the photo­interpretation phase, a grid of sampling points was placed over the inventory area using satellite images and aerial photographs. The photo-interpretation over the satellite images was done using the Mapinfo map-processing programme. With Mapinfo's drawing operations, systematic line-grids were placed over the islands. The grids were placed automatically so that the distance between plots was 1200 metres in Unguja and 1000 metres in Pemba. An example maps of satellite images are presented in Annexes 1 and 2.

After locating the points on satellite images, the points were transferred onto the aerial photographs for interpretation. The non-constant scale of the photos caused some difficulties in transferring the points. The interpretation was done manually with the help of a magnifying glass.

In the interpretation, land-use, woody vegetation and human impact at the photo-interpretation points were determined. Land-use was classified into seven main classes. Woody vegetation was described by: main tree species, origin, size and stocking of the trees. Human impact was described by: fields, settlements and rivers. The variables identified in photo-interpretation at each photo point are described in detail in Annex 14.

Prior to the interpretation work, many field visits were made in order to gain a dear overview of the area. Key areas for the interpretation were also checked in the field. In addition, some field verification was conducted throughout the process of interpretation in order to cross-check doubtful areas.

4.3. Field work

In the second phase of the inventory, a total of 429 photo points from the first phase (field dusters) were sampled and measured in the field; 231 dusters being in Unguja and 198 dusters in Pemba.

The sampling method used was stratified random sampling. The factors measured in the photo­interpretation were used as stratification variables. The sampling points were classified into the following five sampling categories (strata):

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1. Coral rag forests, where the distance to the nearest settlement or road is less than 500m.

2. Coral rag forests, where the distance to the nearest settlement and road is more than 500 m.

3. Agroforestry systems and mixed woody vegetation, in which typically high trees of coconut and clove dominate.

4. SCF plantations and high forests.

5. Agricultural land and settlement area.

The number of clusters and the sampling intensity varied between sampling categories. The sampling intensity was the lowest in the coral rag forests which were further away from roads and settlements.

The field work instructions and the procedures for field work measurements are described in detail in Annex 15.

4. 4. Data analysis

All the measured data was recorded with the Excel program for calculations. The results of the photo-interpretation were calculated using Foxpro for Windows database system. The results of the field work were also mostly calculated using Foxpro. Some specially designed FORTRAN routines were used for the 'treewise' and 'plotwise' data calculations. The major problem in the analysis was the lack of reliable volume and biomass models for some species.

4.5. Height curves, volume and biomass models

The volume and biomass models used for the inventory have been derived from previous inventories and the available literature. However, no reliable models for baobabs (Adansonia digitata) or clove trees (Eugenia caryophyllus) were found, thus necessitating volume modelling for these species. The construction of these volume models and the established parameters used are described in detail in Annexes 12 and 13.

Oven-dry biomass was estimated from stem volume by using an average basic density for each tree species. The biomass of branches was estimated by multiplying the stem biomass with the average branch biomass factor. Exceptionally, the biomass models for coral rag forest tree species also included the biomass of branches (up to 2.5 cm). For clove trees (Eugenia caryophyllus) a green biomass model was constructed, which includes biomass of branches.

Each tree species identified in the islands was classified in height curve and volume function groups according to the size and form of the stems. Height curves were constructed by using the Naslund

12

method derived from height sample trees measured during the field work (see Formula 1). The functions used for height curves, volume and biomass models are presented in detail in Annexes 3 and 4.

Formula 1. Naslund height model.

2 2 h - 1.3 = d I (a+b*d) where

h = height d = diameter at breast height a, b = parameters

5. RESULTS

In this chapter we combine the results from the present woody biomass inventory with results from other recent inventories and previous surveys of forest reserve areas.

5.1. Results of photo-interpretation

5 .1.1. General results

Altogether, 2101 photo points were interpreted in Unguja and Pemba islands; 1086 of these being in Unguja and 1015 in Pemba. The areas of different land-use classes and sub-classes according to the photo-interpretation are presented in Table 1.

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Table 1. Area of land-use classes according to photo-interpretation.

1. Coral ragforests - Ferns, grass, individual trees or group of trees (subclass 1-3)

- Bush vegetation, crown cover > 50 % (subclass 4-6)

- Bush and tall trees (subclass 7-9)

2. Mangrove forests - Untouched

- Thinned

3. Agricultural land - Large scale fields

- Agricultural shamba plots

4. Settlement areas - Town and village

- Military camps

- Roads and other built areas

5. SCF pLzntations (and the main high forests) - High forests

- Forest tree plantations

- Rubber tree plantations

6. Agroforestry systems - Coconut plantations

- Mixture of agricultural crops

- Other plantations

Z. !vfJx.ed ~°.°.tlY v~g~t'!:!!.'!n_ . 't9ial)' ···;' ::·~,-'. ''7"·J:,:!'!':'i".;1;,.1;;1.

34 247

44 886

6 121

5 829 3.7% 3 935

1 895

16 lli 10.2 % 7 578

8 598

5538 3.5 % 4 663

146

729

7141 4.5 % 4663

1 895

583

37891 23.9 % 4 955

30 313

2 623

43 158261

7 697

4 534

844

1391913.0 % 6 116

7 803

885 8.3 % 316

8 541

2320 2.2 % 2 109

105 105

236 2.2 % 1 456

170

738

47193 44.1 % 2 003

44 286

904

1929 18.0% 101025

41 945

49 420

6964

19748 10 051

9 697

2503 7 894

17 139

7858 6 772

251

834

9505 6 119

2 065

1 321

8508 6 958

74 599

3 527

19733 265'·292

Figure 1. Distribution of land-use classes according to photo-interpretation of Unguja island.

SCF plantations 5%

Agricultural 10%

Settlement 3%

Mangroves 4%

Agroforestry 24%

Mxedwoody vegetation

0%

54%

14

7.4%

9.4%

3.0%

3.6%

32.1 %

7.4%

The distribution of land-use according to the photo-interpretation is presented in Figure 1 (Unguja) and Figure 2 (Pemba). The share of coral rag forests is 53.9 % (85,254 ha) in Unguja and 12.2 % (13,075 ha) in Pemba. About 24 % of Unguja and 45 % of Pemba was classified as agroforestry systems, which include coconut and clove tree plantations and areas of mixed agricultural crops and woody vegetation (coconuts, fruit trees etc.).

Figure 2. Distribution of land-use classes according to photo-interpretation of Pemba island.

SCF plantations 2%

Agricultural 8%

2% Mangroves

13%

Agroforestry 44%

Coral rag 12%

Mxedwoody vegetation

19%

Figure 3. Main tree species in Unguja island according to photo-interpretation.

54%

Mangroves 4%

Others No trees 5% 4% Palrrs

15

Mangoes and other fruit trees

17%

2%

According to the photo-interpretation the main tree species group in Unguja is 'coral rag forest tree species', which constitutes about 54 % of the total area while in Pemba 'doves' are the dominating tree species constituting 24 % of the total area. In Unguja 'coral rag forest tree species' are followed by 'mangoes and other fruit trees' (17 %) and 'palms' (13 %). In Pemba other main tree species are 'mangoes and other fruit trees' (16 %} and 'mangrove species' (13 %). Figures 3 and 4 show the shares of the main tree species in Unguja and Pemba respectively.

Figure 4. Main tree species in Pemba island according to photo-interpretation.

n>ral rag species

12%

Aanted tree species

1%

l'v'angoes and other fruit trees

16%

l'v'angroves 13%

Ooves 24%

Others

No trees 3%

Palrrs 10%

5.1.2. Comparison of photo-interpretation and field work

The main land-use classes were also observed in the field. Some differences were found between aerial photo-interpretation and field observation of land-use classes. Results for Unguja showed differences in land-use in 12.6 % of observations, and for Pemba in 25.4 % of observations.

A part of these differences is explained by the different size of areas being observed. In the aerial photographs, the radius of a circular photo point area was 50 m. In the field, one field duster consisted of four circular field plots centred 35 meters from the centre of the field duster (see Annex 15, Field work instructions, pp. 3 & 4). The land-use class of each field plot (radius 15 m) was observed separately. Figures 5 and 6 present comparisons of the distribution of land-use classes between aerial photo-interpretation and field observation in Unguja and Pemba respectively.

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Figure 5. Comparison of the land-use classes between aerial photo-interpretation and field observations in Unguja island.

100,0 90,0 80,0 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 -10,0

0,0 '

F1eld observation

Mixed wood<{ vegetdion Agoforestry

SCF patdion; SEttlarat

Photo­interpretation

The major differences in Unguja were in classification of SCF plantations and settlement areas. About half of the points classified as SCF plantations in photo-interpretation were found to be coral rag in the field. This was due to the indefinite boundaries of SCF plantations. Part of settlement areas (35.7 %) from photo-interpretation were found to be agricultural land or agroforestry areas in the field. Some differences can be found also between agricultural land and agroforestry areas.

In Pemba, the major difference in classification between photo-interpretation and field observation was for 'mixed wo~dy vegetation'. The share of this land-use class by photo-interpretation was much higher in Pemba (18 %) than in Unguja (0.3 %). However, 'mixed woody vegetation' was used as a miscellaneous class where land-use could not be clearly identified in photo-interpretation. Field observations therefore served to better classify this 'miscellaneous' 18 o/o of land in Pemba. Also in Pemba, part of agricultural land (31 %) and settlement areas (28 %) were found to be areas of agroforestry or other land-uses, and 15 o/o of coral rag forests were found to be areas of mangrove forest.

17

Figure 6. Comparison of the land-use classes between aerial photo-interpretation and field observations in Pemba island.

100,0 90,0 80,0

~ 0 70,0 a) 60,0 C> 50,0 ~ c 40,0 ~ 30,0 Q) 20,0 a.. 10,0 ·

0,0

l 0

Field observation

~ ... .!! t( ~ .. ~ 0 i 0

l;. II.. 0 < ...

"' ·i 7: .,. .. ,. ... ... 0 0 ~ ... .. .. ~

Mixed v.oody vegetdlon Agoforestry

SCF plcrtdior& SEttlare1

Rloto­interpretation

Also, differences were noticed in stocking classes between aerial photo-interpretation and field observation. Crown cover < 10 % was quite often misinterpreted onto crown cover class 11 - 40 %. A part of this was due to the difficulties in identifying the crown cover percentage.

5.1.3. Differences between land-use from aerial photographs and satellite images

Some changes in land-use were observed between the aerial photographs (1989-90) and the satellite images (1995), despite the poor quality of some of the satellite imagery. Land-use changes were recorded in a total of twenty interpretation points in Unguja (1.8 %) and thirty four interpretation points in Pemba (3.3 %).

In Unguja, 1.0 % (852 ha) of the coral rag forests was seen to have changed to settlement and agroforestry areas and 3.1 % (1,137 ha) of agroforestry areas had changed to settlement areas. About 13.2 % (731 ha) of the settlement areas were classified differently in satellite images than in the aerial photographs. In Pemba, 2.4 % (341 ha) of coral rag forests was seen to have changed land-use class. The changes in land-use between the aerial photographs and the satellite images are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

18

Table 2. Land-use differences between aerial photographs (1989-90) and satellite images (1995) in Unguja island.

:<

Coral rag 99.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 Mangroves 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Agricultural 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Settlement 10.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SCP-plantations 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 Agro forestry 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.0 96.9 0.0 100 Mixed wood ve etation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100

Table 3. Land-use differences between aerial photographs (1989) and satellite images (1995) in Pemba island.

Aerial Sate!l!f~~~t :~- , ~~",pE;;,~S!it~t:f!~~! Coral rag 97.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.8 100 Mangroves Agricultural Settlement SCP-plantations Agro forestry Mixed wood ve etaton

5.2. Total results

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

100.0 0.0 0.0 98.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 100

100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 0.0 95.2 0.0 0.0 100 0.2 0.0 99.3 0.0 100 1.1 0.0 0.0 98.9 100

The total surface area of Unguja and Pemba islands were calculated by the Finnish Forest and Park Service in Finland. The coast-lines were taken from the 1 :50 000 topographic maps of the islands (1984) and the maps of the coral rag forest inventory (1992). The total surface area of Zanzibar (excluding mangrove forests) was calculated as 249,346 ha of which Unguja accounted for 153,264 ha and Pemba for 96,082 ha. The total area covered by mangrove forests was calculated as 5,003 ha in Unguja and 10,943 ha in Pemba (Leskinen and Silima 1993).

The total stem volume in Zanzibar was estimated to be 10.3 mill. m3 (38.7 m3/ha), out of which 56.3 % (5.8 mill. m3

) was in Unguja and 43.7 % (4.5 mill. m3) was in Pemba. Total areas and

volumes are presented in Table 4. The inventory covered 247,350 ha with a volume of 9.2 mill. m3

(37.3 m3/ha). The latest estimates suggest that there is 0,39 mill. m3 (196.9 m3/ha) of wood in Jozani and Ngezi forests and 0.64 mill. m3 (40.2 m3/ha) of wood in the mangrove forests. The volume of wood per capita in the islands is 12.1 m3 I cap; 11.6 m3 I cap in U nguja and 12.8 m3 I cap in Pemba.

19

Table 4. Total areas and volumes in Zanzibar islands.

9 236 400

393 300

'' 9 629700 5 003 205 000 10 943 436 100 15 946 641 100

According to the field work, the total oven-dry biomass (excluding mangrove areas and Jozani and Ngezi forests) is estimated to be about 7.2 mill. tonnes; 4.0 mill. tonnes (56.2 %) in Unguja and 3.1 mill. tonnes (43.8 %) in Pemba.

If the same average volume/biomass ratio is used for the mangrove areas and Jozani and Ngezi forests, the estimated total oven-dry biomass in Zanzibar is 7.9 mill. tonnes; 4.3 mill. tonnes (53.8 %) in Unguja and 3.7 mill. tonnes (46.2 %) in Pemba. The total results are shown in detail in Table 5 and by tree species in Annex 8.

Table 5. Total volume and oven-dry biomass results for Zanzibar islands.

·!~ .···Unguja Pemba'.· Total

Area, ha (including mangrove areas) 158 267 107 025 265 292 Estimated population 500 000 350 000 850 000

Volume, m 3 5 782 500 4 488 300 10 270 800

Mean volume, m3 /ha 36.5 41.9 38.7

Mean volume, m3/capita 11.6 12.8 12.1

Total woody oven-dry biomass, mill. tonnes 4.27 3.66 7.93 - Woody oven-dry biomass of stems (to 2 cm), 3.59 2.83 6.42

mill. tonnes

- Woody oven-dry biomass of branches, mill. 0.68 0.83 1.51

tonnes

Number of stems, mill. stems 311.9 119.7 431.5

Number of stems/ha 1 970 1 118 1 627

Most of the total woody volume in the islands is in palms. Table 6 shows woody volume by tree species and forest type. Exotic tree species account for 62 % (6.3 mill. m3

) of total woody volume and indigenous species for 39 % (4.0 mill. m3

) of volume.

20

Table 6. Total woody volume in Zanzibar islands, grouped by the main tree species and forest types (Cubic metre per hectare values are for total biomass area; surface plus mangrove areas) .

. · l]~ja · .. ··· Pemba /••··•··•·•· .. . Total ;·.? ·.· << .. ·.·:.3

.)····i ri'l3!h~Vi < ri'l' 1·. Jii3/fu( ·· .m.' •·• m'1ha ..... m .• Palms 2 868 500 18.1 1 381 300 12.9 4 249 800 16.0 Coral rag species 1 422 300 9.0 193 800 1.8 1 616 100 6.1 Fruit trees 402 700 2.5 572 900 5.4 975 500 3.7 Clove trees 89 700 0.6 685 600 6.4 775 300 2.9 Rubber trees 109 000 0.7 53 100 0.5 162 100 0.6 Major exotic forestry trees 113 400 0.7 3 600 0.0 117 100 0.4 Other tree species 450 700 2.8 881 100 8.2 1 331 800 5.0 Jozani & Ngezi 121 100 0.8 272 200 2.5 393 300 1.5 Man roves 205 000 1.3 436 100 4.1 641 100 2.4

The total number of stems for the islands was estimated to be 431.5 mill.; 72 % in Unguja and 28 % in Pemba. The most common tree species were found to be coconuts (Cocos nucifera) (5.2 mill.), cloves (Eugenia caryophyllus) (5.8 mill.) and mangoes (Mangifera indica) (1.56 mill.). The total number of stems for major exotic forestry tree species (Acacia sp., Casuarina equisetifolia, Eucalyptus spp. and Pinus caribaea) was estimated to be 1.8 mill. The number of stems of the most important tree species are presented in Table 7.

Table 7. Number of stems of the most common and important tree species in Zanzibar islands.

Main Tree Species

Ccoconut (Cocos nucifera) Clove (Eugenia caryophyllus)

Mango (Mangifera indica) Major exotic tree species (Acacia sp.,

Casuarina equisetifolia, Eucalyptus s . and Pinus caribaea)

Unguja · Pemba ··. Total><

3 317 600 1 888 800 5 206 400

790 400 5 042 700 5 833 100

643 800 920 000 1 563 800

1682600 77 700 1760300

According to the field work the total open area in Zanzibar islands was estimated as 20,715 hectares, which is 7.8 % of the total Zanzibar area. No trees were found in 14,802 ha (9,4 %) in Unguja and 5,913 ha (5,5 %) in Pemba. The amount of open area and results of coverage of wooded areas are presented in Annex 11.

21

5.3. Unguja island

The results presented in 5.3 on Unguja and 5.4 on Pemba include the areas covered in the field work for this inventory. Tables 8 and 9 also include the results of the earlier inventories of Jozani and N gezi forests and the mangrove forests.

An area of 152,708 ha in Unguja was covered for this inventory. Altogether, 231 clusters were measured in the field. The total stem volume was estimated to be 5,456,400 m3

, with a mean stem volume (over bark) of 35.73 m3/ha. In coral rag forests which were close to roads and settlements, the mean volume was rather low at 11.90 m3/ha, whereas in the coral rag forests further away from roads and settlements, the mean volume was 20.50 m3/ha. The results for coral rag forests presented here do not include baobab trees (Adansonia digitata). The accurate estimation of the number and volume of baobab trees would have required larger field plots than those used in this inventory. However, the rough estimated volume of baobabs is 157 000 m3 in Unguja.

Most of the woody volume in Unguja (3,270,200 m3) is found in agroforestry areas. The mean

volume in those areas is 89.29 m3/ha. The agroforestry areas include coconut plantations and mixtures of agricultural crops and woody vegetation. In the SCF plantations (247,700 m3

) the mean volume is 50.83 m3/ha.

The estimated total oven-dry biomass is 4.03 mill. tonnes, averaging 26.4 tonnes/ha. The total areas, volumes and biomass in different sampling categories are presented in Table 8. The results for the field clusters and volume distribution against the sampling categories are presented in Annexes 5 and 9.

Table 8. Total areas, volumes and biomass in different sampling categories in Unguja island.

1. Coral rag forests, close to roads and settlement

2. Other coral rag forests 3. Agroforestry systems 4. SCF plantations 5. Agricultural and

settlement areas

'At .. :." ...... '.·.·.• ... :.ea ..•. :.·: '! .. ·.········~ .. -:::.· .. :.·_• ... · .~.·-:_:f •. Uin:: . . ••.•.c::;''.·•:us'.• .. :<···~ ... ·. •·.•_e_·.· ... :_r·•·.· ... ~ ...•..•.. ~ .. : .•. o~fwn ... .:_·· ·- ·~ h_e .. :.r ·.: . ¥e#i ,_·;'T Total _ 0v~n,-:cJtjr , 0ve.n,-dry '' ,. .. < u Q .. ... .. ' volwne,.i·'i 'V'dlufue, biowass~ hfom.~s,

... F t~t$ i:;:/\··s:;. j~~lnstha ·· m3lha: -·< ni~ ·:·. , tonllestha tonnes · 33 864 82 2 391 11.90 402 900 7,91 268 000

56 594 36 626

4 874 20 750

42 62 10 35

3 140 747

2 024 189

20.50 1 160 300 89.29 3 270 200 50.83 247 700 18.08 375 200

1 022 217.60 121 100 2 302 40.97 205 000 t 970 · · . 36:54 5:7s2 500 ·

12,76 69.16 39,34 15.19

721 900 2 533 000

191 700 315 200

26.!39 •4 029· 900 161.15 89 600 30.32 151 700 26~99 4 271 200

The dominant tree species in terms of volume is coconut (Cocos nucifera), which constitutes 52.5 % (2.87 mill. m3

) of the total volume. Coconut is followed by mango (Mangifera indica), 4,3 % (232,000 m3}, Syzygium cuminii 3.4 % (186,000 m3}, Hevea brasiliensis 2.0 % (109,000 m3}, Artocarpus altilis 1.9 % (104,000 m3

) and clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) 1.6 % (90,000 m3). The

22

planted tree species (Acacia sp., Casuarina equisetifolia, Eucalyptus spp. and Pinus caribaea) cover 2.1 % (113,000 m3). The share of unidentified tree species was 21.3 % ( 1.16 mill. m3}, (see also Figure 7). Altogether, 60 different tree species were identified and recorded in the field. The results by tree species and sampling categories in Unguja are presented in Annex 6.

Figure 7. Volume distribution for the main tree species in Ungu,ja island.

60,0%

50,0%

40,0%

30,0%

20,0%

10,0% 4,3% 34% I 2,0%1,9% 1,6% 1,5% 1,2 %

0,0% :! .. 'i! "' ~ .. .i "' .. "' .. ;! ~

"' ~ .,, ·v. "\;;

* .,, ·;:;; .. "' "' ·e M .S! 0 1i "'c .. ·c .!' ~ 3 .... 8~ -~ -s .s: ::;, :)~ "ii 8 i 0 ~ .. 0 :f -~ "' "' Q. ~ 2i c .. "' a; ::;,

'~ 0 c"" II.I 0 .., "' -~

Q. ~ E C( !'! :! c :e. ..Q :; II.I :; "' 0 if .. ::;,

"' :::. 0 c: 0 0 ~ lll c "' 0 .. "" i ii: u ~ ~ 0

(/) E

Volume distribution by diameter classes shows that about 51 % of the volume is in trees which are over 30 cm diameter at breast height (see Figure 8). About 15 % of the volume is in trees less than 10 cm diameter at breast height (excluding trees less than 2 cm). The mean volume of them is 5.4 m3/ha.

23

Figu.re 8. Volume distribution by diameter classes in Ungu.ja island.

14

12

10 as i 8 E oi E 6 :I

~ 4

2

0 <10cm 10-20 cm 20-30 cm 30-40 cm 40-50 cm >50cm

Diameter class

The average number of stems (excluding trees less than 2 cm at breast height), is 1963 stems per hectare. On average, there are 80 stems per hectare larger than 10 cm in diameter. Figure 9 illustrates the number of stems/ha by diameter class.

Figu.re 9. Number of stems per hectare by diameter class in Ungu.ja island.

2000

1800

1600

as ii E 1200

~ -0 ... 800 1l E 600 :I z

200

< 10cm 10-20 cm 20-30 cm 30-40 cm 40-50 cm > 50 cm

Diameter class

Figure 10 shows the diameter distributions for coconuts (Cocos nucifera), mangoes (Mangifera indica), cloves (Eugenia caryophyllus) and the major exotic tree species (Acacia sp., Casuarina

24

equisetifolia, Eucalyptus spp. and Pinus caribaea). The mean diameter at breast height (weighted by basal area) is 32.9 cm for coconuts, 46.7 cm for mangoes and 18.6 cm for doves. The mean breast height diameter and mean height by tree species are presented in Annex 6.

Figure 10. Number of stems per hectare by diameter classes for the main tree species in Unguja island.

Coconut

14

ca 12 i 10 E Q)

8 .. Ill

0 6 ... ! 4 E ;:, 2 z

0 0 0 0 0 0 .....

~ ('I') "f" LO v 6 0 6 C\J ('I') v

Diameter, cm

Clove

3

ca 2 i

E Q) 2 -;; 0 ... ! E ;:, 0,0 z

0 0 0 0 0 0 ..... C\J ('I') 6 LO v 6 6 6

C\J ('I') v

Diameter, cm

/\ 0 LO

0,0

~ LO

25

Mango

2,0

Ill

i 1,5 E s Ill 1,0 0 ... ! 0,5 E ;:, z

0 0 0 0 0 /\ ..... ~

('I') v LO 0 v 6 6 6 LO C\J ('I') v

Diameter, cm

"Planted forestry tree species•

6

~ E 4 ! 3 0 j 2 E ;:, z

0 ..... v g ~

~ ('I')

Diameter, cm

0 LO 6 v

5.4. Pemba island

An area of 94,642 ha was covered in Pemba for this inventory. Altogether, 198 clusters were measured in the field. Total woody volume was estimated at 3.8 mill. m3 with a mean volume (over bark) of 39.93 m3/ha. In coral rag forests the mean volume was estimated to be 12.0 m3/ha. In addition, a rough volume estimate was made for baobabs (Adansonia digitata) of 382,000 m3

• Field cluster results for Pemba are presented in detail in Annex 10.

Most of the woody volume in Pemba is in agroforestry systems. The total volume in those areas was estimated to be 3.3 mill. m3

, giving a mean volume of 48.33 m3/ha. The agroforestry systems are mainly dove and coconut plantations and also other mixtures of agricultural crops and woody vegetation. In the SCF plantations the total volume was estimates to be 77,200 m3

, giving a mean volume of 76.13 m3/ha.

The estimated total oven-dry biomass is 3.14 mill. tonnes, giving a mean of 33.17 tonnes/ha. The total areas, number of stems, volumes and biomass in different sampling categories are presented in Table 9. The table also includes results for Ngezi forest and mangrove areas.

Table 9. The total areas, volumes and biomass in different sampling categories in Pemba island.

1. Coral rag forests dose 3 892 to roads and settlements

2. Other coral rag forests 3. Agroforestry systems 4. SCF plantations 5. Agricultural and

settlement areas sU.btohil ' , •• • > ,, • ,,,.-,,

N gezi forest Mangrove forests

t otaf ' »,' ,,

10 303 67 987

1 014 11446

94642 1440

10 943 , 107025 .

10

13 131

8 36

815

1 533 1 047

837 232

989 663

2 310 ~ 118

Me~ >> Total. . QveJ:l;.dry . .Qvell-dry volume-. >v'.olume, m3 biomass, · bitiniass, tn3 /k'' '.> ;;) .• torilles/ful tonnes

3.41 13 300 2.16 8 400

15.29 157 500 9.90 102 000 48.33 3 286 000 40.85 2 777 000 76.13 77 200 59.07 59 900 21.46 246 000 16.75 192 100

39.93 3,780 000 33.17 3139 400 227.10 272 200 165.08 201 400

39.86 436 100 29.49 322 700 4i'.~8 .. 4488 300 34.23 3 663 500

The dominant tree species in terms of volume is coconut (Cocos nucifera), which constitutes 35.0 % (1.32 mill. m3

) of the total volume (see Figure 11). The second most dominant species is clove (Eugenia caryophyllus), which constitutes 18.1 % (686,000 m3

) of total volume. Other major species are mango (Mangifera indica) 12.2 % (462,000 m3

) and Syzygium cuminii 5.1 % (193,000 ") m.

26

Figure 11. Volume distribution for the main tree species in Pemba island.

25,0%

20,0% '

15,0%

10,0% I

5,0% '

t .. "' ,., "' "' .. .!II ·a .. "' .,,

"' "':i 0 c ·:: ~ &.~ "' "' ~ "iji "'.s: ~ Q; ~ ·c ~ '6 ·~ ~~

c GI c ~~ :g ~ ·~ -s .Iii :;; .s: :: :lo .9! :::> GI .._ ":i .. :f ~ 'II GI

jfi ·i 0 c °' 0 "' 0 0 8" c ~ .. :::> ... ~ E 0.. ~ 0 ~ ·:; ::::> ·! § 0 w:;; :; - GI °' ... °' ·g. .:! .(( Q; 0 0

~ 0 ..

0

"' .s: ·o;

u N :E ... "' (/) iii

The estimated volume of the common exotic tree species (Acacia sp., Casuarina equisetifolia, Eucalyptus spp. and Pinus caribaea) is about 4,000 m3

• The share of unidentified tree species was 11.3 % (429,000 m3). Altogether 59 different tree species were identified and recorded in the field. The results by tree species and sampling categories in Pemba are presented in Annex 7.

Figure 12. Volume distribution by diameter class in Pemba island.

12

10

Cll

~ E Gi 6 E ::s ~ 4

2

<10cm 10-20 cm 20-30 cm 30-40 cm 40-50 cm

Diameter class

27

>50cm

Volume distribution by diameter class show that about 55 % of the volume is in trees over 30 cm diameter at breast height (see Figure 12). About 6.3 % of the volume is in trees less than 10 cm diameter at breast height (excluding trees less than 2 cm).

The average number of stems was estimated as 989 per hectare - for stems more than 2 cm diameter at breast height. The average number of stems more than 10 cm diameter was 110 per hectare. The number of stems and other average results by tree species are presented in Annex 7.

5.5. Comparison to the previous inventory results

The are some differences between the present inventory and earlier ones.

The coral rag forest inventory conducted in 1993 showed the total volume of coral rag forests in Zanzibar to be about 1,812,000 m3

• The present inventory gives the volume for coral rag forests as about 1, 734,000 m3

, 4.3 % less than the 1993 inventory.

The coconut inventory conducted in 1993 (Kilian and Scharpenberg 1995) estimated a total of about 5,775,000 palm stems in Zanzibar. The present inventory gives a total of 5,456,000 palm stems (including the identified palm species: Cocos nucifera, Areca catechu and Elaeis guineensis) in Zanzibar, 5.5 % lower than the 1993 inventory. The difference may be accounted for by tree felling due to settlement expansion and lime burning activities.

According to the 1994 clove census (Martin 1994), there were about 2,855,000 clove trees in Zanzibar. However, the present study estimates a total of about 5,833,000 clove trees in Unguja and Pemba; nearly double the previous estimate.

6. RELIABILITY OF THE RESULTS The overall reliability limits for both islands are presented here. The estimates presented do not include the sampling error caused by the area classification. The standard error of the stratified random sampling has been calculated using the following.

Formula 2. Variance of the stratified random sampling (Manual of forest inventory 1981).

where

v (j,) ~) N

h

= variance of Yst (mean per unit)

= total number of units in the stratum h = total number of units in the population

= sampling intensity in the stratum h

28

..

= number of units in the sample of stratum h

= estimated variance of the parameter y in the stratum h

The standard error for volume was 7.42 % in Unguja and 5.24 % in Pemba. The standard errors for volume and number of stems are presented in Table 10.

Table 10. Standard error for volume and number of stems in Ungu,ja and Pemba islands.

Unguja Volume Number of stems

Pemba Volume Number of stems

m3/ha n/ha

m 3/ha n/ha

7. DISCUSSION

35.73 2.65 1963.40 173.37

39.93 2.09 989.24 79.09

7.42% 8.83 % 5.24% 8.00%

For an outsider silviculturist, agroforester, ecologist or other nature observer Zanzibar appears as green, wooded islands. Also, the western Unguja especially, and the whole island of Pemba, give an impression of an endless continuum of agroforestry systems, in which the boundaries between conventional agriculture and forestry have disappeared. The eastern coral rag of Unguja is more uniform original coastal savanna forest or thicket, but also there shifting cultivation has created patchy and mosaic type formations of rudimentary agroforestry systems. Indeed, it remains difficult to define, what is a zanzibarian forest?

Zanzibar woody biomass inventory was the first comprehensive inventory carried out over both islands. In the design of the inventory, we did not set any limits for a concept of forest. All the wooded - and nonwooded - areas were accepted in the inventory. Any tree, with a diameter over 2 cm at breast height level, was counted. By that means a modern measure for the total woody biomass was possible to obtain.

With the applied inventory method also a new estimate both for the total area and the wooded areas of Zanzibar was possible to obtain. The total area of an equatorial, low altitude archipelago is by no means a simple and constant figure. As the height amplitude of tidal waters is about four meters, there is a considerable difference in the land area, if measured during the high tide, or if measured during the low tide. Should the low water, mean water or high water land area applied for the total surface area? From the point of view of geography the mean water land would apparently be the most logical. But from the point of view of agriculture and forestry the low water surface area is more important because it includes all the tidal mangrove forests. Besides, which is characteristic to Zanzibar, the low water area includes the important areas of sea weed cultivation.

The best method to determine the low water surface area would be to select a satellite imagery shot on a cloudless day. Regular satellite imagery would also make it possible to monitor the changes in

29

the surface area, for instance the effects of erosion on the sandy coast line. Cloudless satellite imagery over Zanzibar island, however, is rather difficult to obtain. Even during dry season it would need a combination of several consecutive shots. Therefore we selected a compromise for the land area estimation. The mean water coast line was digitized from 1 :50,000 maps (1984 situation). An additional mangrove information was taken from the maps of the previous inventory (1992 situation, Leskinen and Silima 1993). The compromise calculation gave an area of 158,267 ha for Unguja and 107,025 ha for Pemba, totalling 265,292 ha for the whole Zanzibar. Even if compromise, this area has a certain meaning from the point of view of forestry: it represents the area, including mangroves, which can have wooded cover.

The determination of forest percentage, or rather the coverage of wooded areas presents another problem. How many trees per hectare or how much woody biomass per hectare is needed for the vegetation to make a forest? Or should the absolute figures for open areas be used? If there are no trees per hectare it is of course an open area, but does even the first tree make the hectare a wooded hectare? For the concept of wooded areas we decided to select three practical measures. The first is the amount of absolute open areas. Secondly, from the angle of agroforestry, any cultivational system which has more than 50 trees per hectare is a wooded area, an 'agroforest'. In other words, trees grow on average less than about 14 meters apart from each other. And thirdly, from the angle of conventional forest, any wooded area which has volume more than 1 m3/ha, makes a forest. For instance a stand of 50 trees per hectare makes a forest if each tree on average is more than about 8 cm in diameter and 8 meters in height.

By all measures the percentage of wooded areas in Zanzibar is quite high. The absolute open areas count only 9.4 % of Unguja, 5.5 % of Pemba and 7.8 % of the total Zanzibar areas. From agroforestry point of view the coverage of wooded area is in Unguja 85.4 %, in Pemba 89.0 % and 86.9 % in Zanzibar. From the traditional forestry point of view, the wooded areas cover 82.0 % of Unguja, 90.6 % of Pemba and 85.6 % of Zanzibar.

There are clear differences between the islands of Unguja and Pemba. By all standards, Pemba is more wooded or more forested, the fact which is visibly seen by any nature observer. The difference is dearer from the forestry point of view than from the agroforestry point of view. The difference is partly explained by the eastern coral rag forest of Unguja. It is now heavily exploited for fuelwood. Even if the bush thicket is still there, and it is measured in the inventory as great numbers of stems per hectare, often the ticket is hardly forest any more. In other words: the average size of the coral rag trees is often so small that the trees will not contain the required (forest) wood volume of 1 m3/ha.

The differences between Unguja and Pemba are also seen in the mean volumes. Over the whole land area of Unguja has an average wood volume of 37 m3/ha and Pemba 42 m3/ha. Over the wooded area {agroforestry criteria) the corresponding mean volumes are 43 m3/ha for Unguja and 47 m3 /ha for Pemba, respectively. Over the conventionally calculated forest area the mean volume differences disappear: the figures are 45 m3/ha for Unguja and 46 m3/ha for Pemba, respectively. A rule of thumb mean wood volume for the Zanzibar wooded areas, is 45 m3/ha. By international standards it is not particularly high. For comparison, it is about half of the mean volume in the temperate forests of Finland.

In 1996 there are about 430 million trees in Zanzibar, out of which 310 million trees grow in Unguja and 120 million trees in Pemba. This difference between the islands become still more pronounced in the numbers of average stocking. An average U ngujan hectare has about twice

30

(1970 stems/ha) as many trees as the average Pemban hectare (1118 stems/ha). This finding is a reflection of the multitude of young age classes in the eastern Ungujan coral rag forests. But the finding is also an indication of the heavy exploitation of the coral rag forest, the exploitation of which has left too short rotation times and too small trees behind. By and large, the mature Ungujan coral rag forest has been converted into young thicket.

In the terms of volume and woody biomass the most abundant resource - a megaresource of Zanzibar - is in the palms, mainly in the coconut. The total volume in palms, 4.3 mill. m3

, is almost half of the total Zanzibar wood resource 10.3 mill. m3

• Another megaresource is the coral rag forest: it has standing volume of altogether 1.7 mill. m3

, out of which 1.5 mill. m3 is in Unguja only. The fruit trees have smaller total, but similar wood volume both in Unguja and Pemba, some 0.5 mill. m3 in each. Clove trees are clearly a Pemban resource. Cloves have considerably more volume there, about 700,000 m3 compared to 90,000 m3 in Unguja.

The long-standing coconut, clove and fruit tree projects have had a far reaching impact in the nature of Zanzibar. In short, (western) Unguja is still a huge coconut I fruit tree forest, whereas Pemba is a huge clove tree I fruit tree forest. The impact of planted SCF-tree species (Acacia, Casuarina, Pinus, Eucalyptus, Hevea and others) in the scenery of Zanzibar is still small. To the total woody biomass they contribute only about 270,000 m3

, or about 3 per cent.

The dominance of coconuts and cloves is also clear in the stem number of economically important trees in Zanzibar. As a rule of thumb: there are 5.8 million cloves, 5.2 million coconuts and 1.6 million mangos in the islands. The number of planted SCF-trees, 1.8 million, compares better in this list than in their volume in the woody biomass list.

Besides biomass and volume the inventory gave a valuable piece of new information about the occurrence of various indigenous trees in Zanzibar. The indigenous trees, at least the small and originally low trees, are still found in abundance in the coral rag forests. - Jozani and Ngezi as well as the kernel of the Masingini forest, have another important value as reserves for indigenous high forest trees.

Of the identified coral rag trees, 9 species worth of a further mention, have an occurrence of about or more than 10 million stems. Also with coral rag trees composition, there is a clear difference between Unguja and Pemba.

The most common coral rag tree is Euclea racemosa (Msiliza), with 33.2 million stems (all found in Unguja). It is a common thicket tree, 2-9 meters, sometimes up to 15 meters high.

Polysphaeria parvifolia (Mlapaa) has 25.3 million stems (out of which 22.9 mill. in Unguja). It is a shrub or tree, 1.5-6 meters high. Its wood is used for building poles. Its fruit is also edible.

Pachystela brevipes (Mchocha mke) has 22.2 mill. stems (out of which 20.5 mill. in Unguja). It is an evergreen tree, 3-25 meters high. Its wood is hard and durable. Its fruit is also edible.

Maytenus mossambicensis (Mnusi) has 18.8 million stems (out of which 18.0 mill. in Unguja). It is a shrub or slender tree, 1-6 meters high. It is a species found in evergreen coastal bushlands near the sea.

31

Rhus natalensis (Mkumba) has 16.6 million stems (out of which 15.6 mill. in Unguja). It is a shrub or tree, 1.5-6 meters high. It is a thicket tree with an edible fruit.

Macphersoniagracilis (Mjoma) has 15.4 million stems (over 99 per cent in Unguja). It is a bushland shrub or tree, 2-4 meters high, rarely climbing.

Annona senegalensis (Mtopetope I Wild custard apple, Wild soursop) has 12.1 million stems (out of which 10.8 mill. in Unguja). It is a shrub or tree, 2-8 meters high. It is locally known by its edible fruits. Also a dye is obtained from its bark.

Parinari curatellifolia (Mbura) has 11.8 million stems (out of which 11.6 mill. in Pemba). It is a tree, 3-15 meters high. It occurs in woodland grassland site, often in rocky areas. Its fruit is also edible.

Flueggea virosa (Mkwamba) has 9.8 million stems (out which 7.1 mill. in Unguja). It is a shrub, rarely tree, 1-6 meters high. It is a multipurpose species: a root dediction is used against chest pains, pounded leaves are insect repellent, fruit is edible, wood is durable and makes good charcoal.

Coral rag forest inventory was a real challenge to the inventory staff in the Commission of Natural Resources. The multitude of zanzibarian tree species was overwhelming. Even if a local botanist was employed to assist with the species identification, a great number of trees (111 million in Unguja, 33 million in Pemba) remained still as unidentified. This poses a challenge for the next follow up inventory when such an exercise becomes again actual in Zanzibar islands.

From the point of view of Zanzibar Forestry Development Project this endline survey revealed a few interesting facts. Maybe the most important of them is that after the long-lasting period (18 years, 1980-1997) the project can leave the islands as well wooded. Both the total number of trees and the biodiversity among the numerous species, is at least at satisfactory level. During the project life important forest reserves have been created to conserve the unique Zanzibar woody flora. Plantation and village forestry activities have increased the amount and volume of those trees which originally were selected as species to be introduced and promoted in Government plantations and amongst the villagers.

From the point of view of a forestry project it would have been preferable to carry out in the beginning of the project (1980), a comparable base line survey as this end line survey was. The comprehensive woody biomass inventory, however, did not belong to the forestry tradition of 1970s. All those and earlier pilot inventories focused in tropical saw log exploitation. The concept of woody biomass inventory is an outcome of some new forestry ideas of 1990s, like determination of the biodiversity of woody species in an entire country, or determination of the organic carbon sequestred in the (perennial) woody biomass of a national forest resource. From that point of view the Zanzibar Woody Biomass Inventory 1996 gives a good reference data for the next follow-up inventory, which could take place after 10 years, say in the year 2006.

32

8. REFERENCES

Beentje, H. 1994. Kenya trees, shrubs and lianas. Majestic Printing Works, Nairobi. 722 p. ISBN 9966-9861-0-3.

Bryce, J.M. 1967. The commercial timbers of Tanzania. United Republic of Tanzania, Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Forest Division. Moshi. 139 p.

Burton, R.F. 1872. Notes on the flora of Zanzibar. Section 4 of Chapter V (Geographical and Physiological). In: Zanzibar; city, island and coast. London. Tinsley Bros. (British Library, London, Classmark 2358.e.6). Cited by Smith 1992.

Cobley, L.S. & Steele, W.M. 1976. An introduction to the botany of tropical crops. Longman London and New York. 371 p. ISBN 0-582-44153-6.

Coconut Palm Inventory. 1982. Tanzania mainland, islands of Mafia, Zanzibar and Pemba. National Coconut Development Programme, airphoto interpretation section. 19 p. + 8 maps.

De Gier, A. 1989. Woody biomass for fuel. Estimating the supply in natural woodlands and scrublands. ITC publication No. 9. Enschede, The Netherlands.

Forest Inventories on Zanzibar island 1983. Jaakko Poyry International Oy and FINNIDA. Helsinki. 47 p.

Forest management plan for Zanzibar island 1987a. Main Report. Jaakko Poyry International Oy and FINNIDA. Helsinki. 103 p.

Forest management plan for Zanzibar island 1987b. Executive Summary. Jaakko Poyry International Oy and FINNIDA. Helsinki. 23 p. + 3 appendices.

lkaheimo, E. 1995. Manual for PRIS. Computer program and data base for forest inventory calculations and data management. PRIS Project Paper No. 3. Kathmandu 1995.

Kingston, T.J., Harper, D.M. & Taylor, C.D. 1974. Repon of the expedition to Zanzibar 1972. Bulletin Oxford University Exploration Club 21:157-188.

Kilian, T. & Scharpenberg, R. 1995. Possibilities for the utilisation of coconut palm wood in Tanzania. Study for National Coconut Development Programme of Tanzania. Translated from German by Cathy Molohan, 1995. Dar es Salaam and Hamburg. 274 p. + 24 appendices.

Laamanen, R. & Paudyal, S.S. 1995. Inventory manual for the national forest inventory of Nepal. Inventory of the CDR and EDR. PRIS project paper no. 6. HMGN/FINNIDA, Finnish Forest and Park Service. 21 p.

33

Leskinen, J. & Pereira A. Silima 1993. Unguja and Pemba coral rag forest inventory. Zanzibar Forestry Development Project Technical paper 10: 1-21 p. + 8 appendices. Commission of Natural Resources (Zanzibar), Finnida (Helsinki) and Finnish Forest and Park Service (Vantaa). ISBN 951-47-7898-7.

Luukkanen, M.O. & Odera, J. 1993. Forestry Research at Bura, Tana river district, Kenya 1984-1993. E. Afr. Agric. For J. 58. Special Issue: 7-11.

Manual of forest inventory 1981. FAQ Forestry Paper 27. Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations, Rome. 187 p + 2 appendices. ISBN 92-5-101132-X.

Martin, P. J. 1994. Zanzibar clove cultivation manual. Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Natural Resources. Zanzibar

Mbuya, L.P., Msanga, H.P., Ruffo, C.K., Birnie, A. & Tangnas, B. 1994. Useful trees and shrubs for Tanzania. English Press. Nairobi. 542 p. ISBN 9966-896-16-3.

Moreau, R.E. & Pakenham, R.H.W. 1940. The land vertebrates of Zanzibar and Pemba. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. Sr. A. Vol. 110. Cited by Kingston et al. 1974.

Noad, T. & Birnie, A. 1992. Trees of Kenya. General Printers Limited, Nairobi. 308 p. ISBN 9966-848-95-9.

Pikkarainen, T. 1993. Inventory of Jozani and Ngezi forests: Results. Zanzibar Forestry Development Project Technical Papers 5:1-20 + 7 appendices + 4 maps. Commission for Natural Resource (Zanzibar), FINNIDA (Helsinki) and Finnish Forest and Park Service (Vantaa). ISBN 951-47-7893-6.

Pinus caribaea Volume l, 1973. Tropical Forestry Paper No: 6. Fast growing timber trees of the lowland tropics. University of Oxford, Commonwealth Forestry Institute, 1973, reprinted 1978.

Pinus caribaea Volume 2, 1984. Tropical Forestry Paper No: 17. Wood properties. University of Oxford 1973, Commonwealth Forestry Institute, 1984.

Pukkala, T. 1989. Inventory and management plan for the indigenous forests and fuelwood plantations of Bura irrigation and settlement scheme, Kenya. Technical Report No. 1. Bura Fuelwood Project. 1989.

Pukkala, T. 1992. Inventory and management of the fuelwood plantations and wild Prosopis juliflora in Bura, Kenya. Technical Report No. 4. Bura Fuelwood Project, phase II. FINNIDA in cooperation with Ministry of Regional Development, Bura Irrigation and Settlement Scheme, Kenya.

Pukkala, T. & Pohjonen, V. 1988. Measurement and calculation system for stem analysis, forest stand plot and compartment inventory with special reference to Eucalyptus globulus plantations in Ethiopia. United Nations Sudano- Sahelian Office. Addis Ababa and New York. 44 p.

34

Ruffo, C.K. 1991. A report on species identification for Jozani and Ngezi forest inventory. Zanzibar Forestry Development Project Technical Paper 5: 1-15. + 1 appendix. ISBN 951-47-7893-6.

Smith, P.D. 1992. (Ed.). A bibliography of agricultural research and development in Zanzibar. Vol 1. (95-1959). Centre for Arid Zones, University Collee of North Wales, Bangor. 349 p.

Vertanen, A., Johansson, S. G., Kaarakka, V., Sarajarvi I. & Sarkeala J. 1993. Biomass equations for Acacia reficiens, Acacia zanzibarica and Prosopis juliflora, and volume equations for Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Terminalia brownii. E. Afr. Agric. For. J. 58. Special issue: 13-21.

Williams, J.C. 1967. A field guide to the national plants of Zanzibar and Pemba. Government Printer, Zanzibar. Cited by Kingston et al. 1974.

Williams, R.O. 1949. The useful and ornamental plants of Zanzibar and Pemba. St. Ann's Press. Timberley, Altringham, Great Britain. 407 p.

Zanzibar Forestry Development Project 1991. Report of a Review Mission, Finnish International Development Agency. 60 p. + 3 Appendices.

Zanzibar Forestry Development Project 1993. Project document for ZFDP Phase III: 1993-97. Volume I: Main document. Commission for Natural Resource (Zanzibar) and FINNIDA (Helsinki). 77 p.

35

ANNEX 1. AN EXAMPLE OF SATELLITE IMAGE OF UNGUJA ISLAND

This is a part of SPOT-panchromatic image of northern Unguja. A systematic line-grid of sampling points is placed over the area.

Draft of SPOT-panchromatic image Scale 1:220 000 /

/ /

\ /

\ / /

36

ANNEX 2. AN EXAMPLE OF SATELLITE IMAGE OF PEMBA ISLAND

This is a part of SPOT-multispectral image of north-east Pemba. A systematic line-grid of sampling points is placed over the area.

/

/ /

/

37

Draft of SPOT-multispectral image Scale I : 180 000

ANNEX 3. TREE SPECIES

Numerical codes for species identified in this inventory, JZ for other Jozani forest species, NG for other Ngezi forest species, identified by Ruffo (1993).

Code Botanical name Swahili name I Height-model Volume model Basic En_g_lish name grOU.J!. grou...E_ dens!!!_

2 Acacia sp. Mkeshia 1 1 640 3 Adansonia digitata L. Mbuyu I Baobab 10 10 400

67 Aft.elia quanzensis Welw. Mbambakofi I Mahogany 2 1 550 bean, Lucky bean tree

NG Alangium salviifolium (L.f.) Mavimavi Wangerin

JZ,NG Albizia adiantifolia (Schumach.) Mgelenge, Mchani-W.F.Wright Mbawe

JZ Albizia glaberrima (Shumach. & Mgelenge, Mchani, Thonn.) Benth Mkumba-Mbega

4 Albizia gummifera (JF Gmel.) Mgelenge, Mchapia 2 1 609 C.A.Sm. tumbili I Peacock flower

JZ Allophylus sp. Mchembele 68 Anacardium occidentale L. Mkorosho, Mkanju I 4 1 550

Cashewnut 65 Annona muricata L. Mstafeli I Sour soap 7 11 550 5 Annona senegalensis Pers., Syn. Mtopetope I Wild custard 5 11 606

A. chrysophylla Boj. apple JZ,NG Anthogleista grandiflora Gilg Mkungu maji, Mtambuu

mwitu NG Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch. Mgulele, Mkunde

JZ,NG Antidesma venosum Tul. Mtimagoa, Msisimizi, Msazizi, Mziwaziwa

JZ,NG Apodytes dimidiata Am. Muwongoti, Mlambuzi, Mlambusi Mbage

6 Areca catechu L. Mpopoo I Betel nut palm 6 12 763 7 Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Mshelisheli I Breadfruit 4 1 550

For. 8 Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Mfenesi mfuu I Jackfruit 4 1 550

JZ,NG Averrhoa sp. Mbirimbi NG Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Mchu I Mangrove

Vierh. 9 Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Mtunda, Mnanbaini, 1 1 550

Muarobaini I Neem NG Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Mtomondo mke

Spreng. JZ Bequaertiodendron natalense Mduyuyu

(Sond.) Heine & J.H. Hemsl. JZ Bersama abyssinica Fres. Mwangwakwao JZ Blighia unijuga Bak. · Mkukilemba, Mkivule,

Mwakamwatu NG Bombax rhodognaphalon Msufi mvitu

K.Schum. Syn.: Rhodognaphalon schumannianum A. Ro~s

38

Code Botanical name Swahili name I Height-model Volume model Basic English name ~OU.J!. ..G!_01!1!. dens!!!_

JZ Bourreria petiolaris (Lam). Mpandajongoo Thulin, Syn.: Ehretia petiolaris Lam.

NG Breonadia microcephala (Del.) Mgwina Ridsdale, Syn.: Adina microcephala (Del.) Hiem, Breonadia salicina Hepper & Wood

JZ,NG Brexia madagascariensis (Thou) Mfurugudu Ker-Gawl

10 Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Mkarati, Mkarakala I 2 1 550 Baill. Bridelia

NG Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. Mui, Mkandea, Msinzi, Msindi I Mangrove

JZ Buttdavya nyasica Mvule maji 11 Calophyllum inophyllum L. Mtondoo I Alexandrian 2 5 550

laurel JZ,NG Casaeria gladiiformis Mast. Mdegepa

NG Cassipourea gummijlua Tul. Msikundazi 12 Casuarina equisetifolia L. Mvinje I Horse-tail 1 2 606

casuarina, Whistling pine NG Cedrela odorata L. Mwerezi 13 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Msufi I Kapok, Silk- 2 2 550

cotton tree JZ Ce/tis africana Burm.f. Kimungwe NG Ce/tis gomphophylla Bak., Syn.: Mlamberga, Mmawimawi,

C. durandii Engl. Msasajike JZ Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Mkandaa

Robinson NG Chrysalidocarpus pembanus Mpapindi

Moore NG Chrysophyllum lanceolatum Mkuti

(Bl.) DC. 14 Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Mdimu/ Lime 7 1 550

Swingle 69 Citrus grandis (L.) Osb., Syn.: Mbalungi I Pomelo, 7 1 550

C. maxima (Burm.) Merr. Shaddock 15 Citrus Limon (L.) Burm. f. Mlimau I Lemon 7 1 550 16 Citrus reticulata Blanco, Syn.: Mchenza I Tangerine, 7 1 550

C. nobilis Andr. non Lour. Mandarin orange 17 Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. Mchungwa I Sweet orange 7 1 550

NG Clerodendrum sp. Mnamia maji 18 Cocos nucifera (L.) Mnazi I Coconut 6 12 763 19 Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Mkodia, Mkamasi I 5 7 440

Pavon) 0. Cordia JZ,NG Cremaspora trijlora (Thonn.) Mkan ja, Mchesi

K.Schum. JZ,NG Croton sylvaticus Hochst. Mdawadawa, Msinduzi JZ,NG Cussonia zimmermannii Harms Mpapeidume,Mbomba

Maji, Mpapayi-Mwitu 20 Deinbollia borbonica Scheff. Mkunguma, 9 11 606

Mwakamwaka, Kilimu NG Dichrostachys cinera (L.) Wight Mvunja choka, Msingino

&Arn.

39

Code Botanical name Swahili name I Height-model Volume model Basic En_g_lish name grou...I!_ R:_OU...I!_ densi~

JZ,NG Diospyros consolatae Chiov. Mjengo, Mkururu, Mwaa, Malala sungura

61 Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Mbebeta, Mkapwani I 8 11 606 Sand olive, Hopbush

JZ,NG Dovyalis macrocalyx (Oliv.) Mtumbua Warb.

JZ Dracaena steudneri Engl. Msanaka JZ,NG Drypetes natalensis (Harv.) Mjafari, Mgandama,

Hutch. Msunduri NG Drypetes reticulata Pax Mjafari 21 Durio zebethinus Murr. Mdoriani I Durian 2 1 550 22 Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Mchilichi I Wild oil palm 6 12 763 JZ Encephalartos hildebrandtii Mgwede, Mkwanga,

A.Br. & Bouche Msapo 23 Erythrophloeum suaveolens Mwavi , Mbaraka I Ordeal 2 4 961

(Guill. & Perr.) Brenan, Syn.: E. tree guineense

NG Erythroxylum emarginatum Thonn.

24 Eucalyptus spp. Mkaratusi, Mbulgam I 1 1 750 Gum

54 Euclea racemosa Murr., Syn.: Msiliza 5 11 606 E. schimperi A.DC.

25 Eugenia caryophyllus (Spreng.) Mkarafuu 9 9 Biomass Bull. & Harr., Syn: E. aromatica model

66 Eugenia malaccensis Mtufaa I Pomerac 9 1 550 JZ,NG Eugenia sp. novum Mkaaga

JZ Euphorbia nyikae Pax Kweche JZ,NG Ficus exasperata V ahl Msasadume JZ,NG Ficus lutea V ahl Mtago, Mlangawa

27 Ficus natalensis Hochst. Mtonga mwitu I Barkcloth 3 5 550 Fig

28 Ficus spp. Mkuyu, Mwangao I Fig 2 5 550 NG Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Mchongoma, Mugovigovi

Merrill 48 Flueggea virosa (Willd.) Voigt., Mkwamba 5 11 606

Syn.: Securineca virosa (Willd.) Baill.

NG Funtumia africana (Benth.) Mtonga mweusi, Staph. Mlangamakelele I Bastard

wild rubber NG Garcinia livingstonei T. Anders Mutumbi,Mpekechu JZ Grewia sp. Mkole NG Haplocoelum inoploeum Radlk. Mtumbi, Muchumbi,

Mfunga-Tanzu NG H arungana madagascariensis Mdamudamu,Mbura

Poir. NG Heritiera littoralis Ait. Msikundazi, Mkokoshi 29 Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Mpira I Para rubber 1 2 606

Adr. Juss.) Muell. Arg. JZ,NG Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Mkungu kienyeji,

Mtakawa NG Inhambanella henriquesii (Engl. Msikundazi, Mkungu-

& Warb.) Dubard Wazimu

40

Code Botanical name Swahili name I Height-model Volume model Basic English name grou...I!_ _S!..01!1!. dens~

NG Keetia zanzibarica (Klotzsch) Ndapo, Mporopojo, Mti-Bridson, Syn.: Canthium ndapo zanzibaricum Klotzsch

NG Khaya nyasica Bald. Mkangazi JZ, NG Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Muumbu, Mfupapu,

Engl. Muyumbu-Maji 51 Lantana camara L. Mlakunguru I Lantana, 8 11 606

Curse of india, Wild sage JZ,NG Leptactina platyphylla (Hiem) Mbuni mwitu, Y ongo

Wernh. NG Ludia mauritiana Gmelin Mfuwabe, Mfuwate NG Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. Mkandaa dume, Kikandaa

I Mangrove JZ,NG Macaranga capensis (Baill.) Mkaranga,

Sim. Mlangamakelele, Mbawa 49 Macphersonia gracilis 0. Mjoma 5 11 606

Hoffin. NG Maerua sp. Mtundutundu NG Maesopsis eminii Engl. Msisi, Musizi NG Majidea zanguebarica Oliv. Mchenya, Mlanyuni,

Kmonga JZ Malacantha alnifolia (Baker) Mguoguo

Pierre 58 Ma/lotus oppositifolius (Geisel.) Mtumbika, Mtundutundu, 8 11 606

Mull. Arg. Mchacha 30 Mangifera indica L. Muembe, Mwembe I 3 1 550

Mango NG Manilkara sansibarensis (Engl.) Mguvi, Mngambo

Dubard NG Manilkara sulcata (Bak.) Mchedi, Mkunguni

Dubard 31 Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) Mhina msitu I 8 11 606

Webster, Syn.: Phyllanthus Margaritaria discoides (Baill.) Mull. Arg.

JZ,NG Markhamia zanzibarica (DC.) Mtalawanda, Mtawanda Engl.

NG Mascarenhasia arborescens Mnyamaji, Mgoa A.DC., Syn.: M. elastica K.Schum.

52 Maytenus mossambicensis Mnusi, Mnyao-nyao 5 11 606 (Klotzsch) Blakelock

JZ Mildbraedia carpinifolia (Pax) Mtapatapa Hutch.

32 Milicia exelsa (Welw.) C.C. Mvule I Iroko 2 1 550 Berg, Syn.: Chlorophora excelsa Welw.

JZ Mimusops obtusifolia Lam. Mgamobo kapu, Mnguvi JZ,NG Mkilua fragnans Verde. Mkilua, Mlua

JZ Monodora grandidieri Baill. Mchofu, Mubungo, Mganda-Simba

JZ,NG Mystroxylon aethiopicum Mlimbolimbo, Kifugu (Thunb.) Loes., Syn.: Cassine aethiopica Thunb.

33 Nephelium lappaceum L. Mshoki shoki I Rambutan 9 1 550 JZ Ochna ~

41

Code Botanical name Swahili name I Height-model Volume model Basic English name ~01!1!_ ~OU_l)_ density_

NG Olea capensis L., Syn.: 0. Mjafari I East African hochstetteri Bak., 0. schliebenii olive Knobl, 0. welwitschii (Knobl.) Gilg & Schellenb.

JZ,NG Olea woodiana Knobl. Mlimbo, Mchungwa mwitu

99 Other tree species (Coral rags) 11 11 Biomass model

99 Other tree species (Deep soil) 12 11 Biomass model

JZ Ozoroa obovata (Oliv.) R. & A. Mng'ombe, Mwaalika Fernandes, Syn.: Heeria mucronata sensu KTS

63 Pachystela brevipes (Baker) Mchocha mke, Msamvia 5 1 550 Engl. (same as 34)

34 Pachystela brevipes (Baker) Mchocha mke, Msamvia 5 1 550 Engl. (same as 63)

35 Pachystela msolo (Engl.) Engl. Mchocha dume 5 1 550 NG Pandanus kirkii Rendle Mkadi, Msanaka JZ Pandanus rabaiensis Rendle Mkadi, Msanaka I Screw

pine 36 Parinari curatellifolia Benth. Mbura I Fever tree 3 1 720

ssp. curatellifolia NG Philippia mafiensis Engl. Mdamba

JZ,NG Phoenix reclinata Jacq. Mkindu I Wild date palm 37 Pinus caribaea Mbani I Caribbean pine 1 3 546 JZ Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims Mpande NG Polyscias falva (Hiem) Harms, Mbirimbi mwitu

Syn.: Polyscias ferruginea (Hiem) Harms

38 Polysphaeria parvifolia Hiem Mlapaa, Mkanja, 8 11 606 Msarnisami, Mchesi

JZ Psiadia punctulata (DC). Vatke, Mbebeta Syn.: P. arabica Jaub & Spach

55 Psidium guajava L. Mpera I Guava 7 5 550 JZ,NG Psychotria goetzei (K.Schum.) Mtimafuta, Mwango

Petit JZ Psychotria holtzii (K.Schum.) Mangwe

Petit, Syn.: Anthospermum holtzii K.Schum.

JZ Pterigota sp. Mshunduzi 39 Pterocarpus indicus Willd. Mkekundu, Mdamdamu, 5 1 625

Mti ulaya I Bloodwood 64 Pyrostia bibracteata (Bak.) Mkonge,Mfupapo 5 11 606

Cavaco, syn.: Canthium bibracteatum (Bak.) Hiem

NG Quassia undulata (Guill. & Mjoho Perr.) D. Dietr., Syn.: Odyndeia zimmermannii Engl.

JZ,NG Rapanea mealnophloeos (L.) Mkangalashamba Mez., Syn.: R. pulchra Gilg & Schellenb., R. rhododendroides (L.) Mez.

42

Code Botanical name Swahili name I Height-model Volume model Basic English name grou_p_ _&!._OU....P_ dens!!!_

NG Raphiafarinifera (Gaertn.) Muale, Mwaale I Raffia Hyland, Syn.: R. ruffia (Jacq.) palm Mart., R. monbuttorum sensu KTS

NG Rauvolfia caffra Sond. Msesewe 40 Rauvolfia mombasiana Stapf Muwango, Mwengechaa, 5 11 606

Msesewe, Mti-sumu NG Rawsonia lucida Harv. & Sond. Mpera mwitu NG Rhizophora mucronata Lam. Makondi, Mkoko I

Mangrove 53 Rhus longipes Engl. Mchengele 5 11 606 59 Rhus natalensis Krauss. Mkumba, Mlishangwe 8 11 606 NG Schizozygia coffaeoides Baill. Mtonga mwitu, Mwango,

Mpelele 47 Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Mngongo 5 11 512

Hochst. JZ, NG Sideroxylon inerme L., Syn.: S. Mkoko bara

diospyroides Baker JZ,NG Sonneratia alba Sm. Mpira, Mlilana I

Mangrove 50 Sorindeia madagascariensis Mpilipili doria, 5 11 606

DC., Syn.: S. obtusifoliolata Mtunguma, Mkunguma Engl.

46 Spondias cythera Muembe wa kizungu, 1 1 550 sakuwa I Golden apple

JZ Strychnos angolensis Gilg Mvuje msitu 56 Suregada zanzibariensis Baill. Mdimu msitu, Mdimu- 5 11 606

Mwitu JZ, NG Syzygium cordatum Krauss Mlati, Mzambarau ziwa,

Mkarafun mwitu 26 Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeels, Msambarau I Java plum, 3 8 770

Syn.: Eugenia jambolana, E. Jambolan cuminii

NG Tabebuia pentaphylla (Bertol.) Majani matano DC.

JZ,NG Tabernaemontana sp. Mtonga mweupe 41 Tamarindus indica L. Mkwaju I Tamarind 3 1 865 NG Tapura fischeri Engl. Mtamamwitu NG Tarenna nigrescens (Hook.f.)

Hiern 57 Tarenna pavettoides (Harv.) Mlashore 8 11 606

Sim. NG Teclea simplicifolia (Engl.) Mchunguamwitu

Verdoorn 42 Tectona grandis L. f. Msaji I Teak 2 6 680 62 Terminalia boivinii Tul. Mkunguni,Mchonga- 5 I 784

Mahana 43 Terminalia catappa L. Mkungu I Indian almond 2 I 784 NG Terminalia ivorensisl superba Mkungu india NG Terminalia sambesiaca Engl. & Mkulungu, Mbombaro

Die ls 44 Trema orientalis (L.) Bl., Syn.: Mpesi, Mzunguzungu I 8 11 606

T. guineensis (Schum. & Thonn) Pigeon wood Ficalho

43

Code Botanical name Swahili name I Height-model Volume model Basic En2Jish name ~OU_l)_ gl"OUj>_ density_

JZ Trichilia emetica Vahl., Syn.: T. Mkungwina, Mnwamaji roka Chiov.

JZ,NG Turraea floribunda Hochst., Mtamagoa, Ilang-Ilang-Syn.: T. kaessneri Bak. f. Ya-Mwitu

70 Uapaca guineensis Mull. Arg. Mchenza msitu 2 5 550 JZ Vernonia zanzibarensis Loes. Mtumbaku mwitu,

Mtukutu, Mrusa pungu 45 Vitex doniana Sweet, Syn.: V. Mfuu, Mfundu I Black 1 1 480

cuneata plum NG Xylocarpus granatum Koen., Mtonga pwani, Mkomafi

Syn.: X. benaridensis Mattei NG Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) Mlawia

A.Rich. NG Zanha golungensis Hiem Mkwanga NG Zanthoxylum holtzianum (Engl.) Mvuje mwitu, Mjafari wa

Waterm. ki~emba

The following biomass models were used:

* Coral rag forest tree species:

Bio= exp(-2.60611) * d 2'50797

*Clove tree (Eugenia caryophyllus):

Biomass (green)= exp(-1.714336+2.007888*/n(d)+ 0.579043*/n(h))

44

ANNEX 4. HEIGHT AND VOLUME MODELS

The height models were constructed using the following Naslund formula:

2 2 h -1.3 = d I (a+b*d)

where

h = height d = diameter at breast height a, b = parameters

Tree species were divided into 12 different groups for the construction of height models. Separate models were established for Unguja and Pemba islands. The following parameters were used for each tree species group. The explanations in which height model group each tree species belongs is found in Annex 3.

Height model Height model parameters group Unguja Pemba

a b a b 1 1.749 0.222 1.909 0.296 2 1.662 0.224 1.335 0.220 3 2.747 0.207 2.024 0.221 4 2.004 0.204 2.008 0.227 5 0.999 0.347 1.450 0.260 6 5.655 0.127 2.990 0.231 7 0.884 0.347 0.723 0.394 8 0.862 0.351 0.917 0.355 9 1.179 0.244 1.766 0.219 10 8.895 0.210 18.915 0.175 11 0.908 0.310 1.063 0.351 12 1.411 0.208 1.582 0.282

Each identified tree species found in the islands was classified in volume function groups according to the size and form of the stem of the trees. The used volume models were combined from several sources. The following 12 volume models were used. The explanations in which volume model group each tree species belongs is found in Annex 3.

45

Volume model group Volume models

1. Acacia sp. & others V=exp(-2.2062+ l .674126*ln(d)+0.83562*ln(h)) 2. Casuarina equsetifolia & others V =exp(-2.18094+ 2.0167*ln( d)+0.52521 *ln(h)) 3. Pinus caribaea v =0.0083368+0.00022436*d*h+0.0000272*d 2*h

4. Erythrophloeum suaveolensis & V=exp(-1.19235+2.090215*ln(d)+0.00316421 *h) others)

5. Ficus spp. & others V=exp(-4.19778+2.056739*ln(d)+0.7367702*ln(h)) 6. T ectona grandis & others V=exp(-1.05918+ 1.921698*ln(d)+0.004337129*h) 7. Cordia alliodora V =exp(-1.68396+ 2.24063*ln( d)) 8. Syzugium cuminii V =exp(-2.5693+ l .8816*ln( d)+0.8498*ln(h) 9. Eugenia caryophyllus V=exp(-2.7243+ 1.3165*ln(d)+ l .4647*ln(h)) 10. Adansonia digitata V=exp(-10.258+2.09674*ln(d)+0.63828*ln(h)) 11. Coral rags tree species V =exp(-2.2225) *d 2·

56285

12. Cocos nucifera & other .£.alms V=~h, f=l.3784-0.01423*h-0.0141 *d

46

ANNEX 5. VOLUME DISTRIBUTIONS AGAINST SAMPLING CATEGORIES

The following Figures show the volume distribution of individual plots against the sampling categories. The high variation of the volume in agroforestry areas (sampling category 3) indicates the nature of this category; the palm and clove plantations and also the areas of mixture of agricultural crops and woody vegetation are sometimes full-stocked and sometimes rather open areas.

Sampling categories:

1. Coral rag forests, where the distance to the nearest settlement or road is less than 500 m. 2. Coral rag forests, where the distance to the nearest settlement and road is more than 500 m. 3. Agroforestry systems and mixed woody vegetation, in which typically high trees of

coconut and clove dominate. 4. SCF plantations and high forests. 5. Agricultural land and settlement area.

cu .c C? E Cl)

E :I 0 >

Volume distribution in sampling categories in Unguja

250,00

+ • i ~

200,00

• • 150,00

i~

• ~ l~ • J ~

• It ~

4~ .- • • t I ~

I J

100,00

50,00

0,00

2 3 4

Sampling category

~

-*

5

ca .c "> E Cl)

E :I 0 >

47

Volume distribution in sampling categories in Pemba

250,00

200,00

~

150,00 __.._

• ~

•• 100,00 JL

• • •

50,00

• • ~

*- ~ 0,00

2 3 4

Sampling category

• ~

5

..i::... 00

ANNEX 6. WOODY BIOMASS INVENTORY RESULTS BY TREE SPECIES IN UNGUJA ISLAND

This Annex presents the tree species results of woody biomass inventory by sampling categories and combination of the five sampling categories.

Sampling categories 1-5:

Code Species Number of Volume, Oven-dry B-area, D(g), H(g), Number of stems/ha by diameter classes (cm) stems m3 biom,tons m2/ha cm m < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50

54 Euclea racemosa 33 176 564 64 328 40 642 0,15 3,3 3,6 217,20 0,04 0,00 O,Ql 0,00 0,00 38 Polysphaeria parvifolia 22 874 781 30 333 19 149 O,Q7 2,9 3,5 149,67 0,11 0,00 0,00 O,Ql 0,00 34 Pachystela brevipes 20 468 571 47 155 36 310 0,11 3,8 3,9 134,02 O,Q2 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 52 Maytenus mossambicensis 18 036 967 80 302 49 363 0,14 5,1 4,3 116,63 1,42 O,Q7 0,00 0,00 0,00

59 Rhus natalensis 15 560 093 26 319 16 783 0,06 3,0 3,8 101 ,89 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

49 Macphersonia gracilis 15 392 604 37 831 23 687 0,08 4,0 3,9 100,47 0,31 0,Q2 0,00 0,00 0,00

5 Annona senega/ensis 10 776 939 66 708 40 604 0,11 5,8 4,1 69,53 0,95 0,09 0,00 0,00 0,00

48 Flueggea virosa 7 104 559 8 538 5 521 O,Q2 2,7 3,3 46,52 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

56 Suregada zanzibariensis 3 571 317 4754 3 030 O,Ql 2,8 3,4 23,39 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

28 Ficus spp. 3 558 117 4 681 3 601 0,04 6,9 5,1 22,86 0,37 0,05 0,Ql 0,00 0,00

50 Sorindeia madagascariensis 3 442 095 12 521 7 763 0,02 5,2 4,3 22,29 0,25 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

53 Rhus longipes 3 342 958 7 031 4438 0,01 3,1 3,3 21,89 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

18 Cocos nucifera 3 317 446 2 866 793 2 187 357 1,80 32,9 14,3 0,00 0,42 7,93 12,12 1,20 0,05

44 Trema orientalis 2 702 834 13 954 8 654 0,03 4,7 4,5 17,70 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

10 Bridelia micrantha 2 453 280 20 744 15 996 0,04 7,0 5,2 15,16 0,81 0,09 O,Ql 0,00 0,00

55 Psidium guajava 2 261 979 667 523 O,Ql 3,0 3,4 14,81 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

62 Terminalia boivinii 2 110 797 20939 22 968 0,04 9,0 5,4 12,86 0,71 0,21 0,04 0,00 0,00

61 Dodonaea viscosa 1 997 218 2 730 1 750 0,Ql 2,7 3,4 13,08 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

17 Citrus sinensis 1 658 333 16 990 13 076 0,04 11,1 5,3 9,99 0,72 0,12 0,03 0,00 0,00

39 Pterocarpus indicus 1559075 4 717 4 111 O,Ql 6,0 5,0 10,09 0,09 0,03 0,00 0,00 0,00

45 Vitex doniana 1439062 5 705 3 838 0,03 9,4 5,8 8,56 0,71 0,11 0,04 O,Ql 0,00

57 Tarenna pavettoides 1 239 841 2 572 1 564 0,00 3,6 3,6 8,11 0,00 0,00 O,Ql 0,00 0,00

26 Syzygium cuminii 1 104 511 186 050 200 556 0,17 34,9 10,4 6,10 0,51 0,31 0,11 0,Ql 0,20

47 Sclerocarya birrea 1 003 485 8 039 5 765 0,02 11,0 5,7 6,40 0,09 0,04 0,04 0,00 0,00

25 Eugenia caryophyllus 790 422 89 702 91 251 0,13 18,6 10,8 1,39 2,42 1,13 0,23 0,00 0,00

15 Citrus limon 774121 7 286 5 614 0,02 10,6 5,8 4,67 0,37 0,03 0,00 0,00 0,00

51 Lantana camara 735 070 789 495 0,00 2,2 3,1 4,81 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

2 Acaciasp. 683 125 11 350 10 176 O,Q2 13,6 9,0 3,90 0,54 O,Ql 0,01 0,00 0,00

~

'°

Code

30

7

37

4

24

31

16

58

29

36

40

14

43

8

33

46

66

19

65

9

32

11

6

67

35

12

27

13

21

3

99

Species

Mangifera indica

Artocarpus altilis

Pinus caribaea

Albizia gummifera

Eucalyptus spp.

Margaritaria discoidea

Citrus reticulata

Mallotus oppositifolius

Hevea brasiliensis

Parinari curatellifolia

Rauvolfia mombasiana

Citrus aurantiifolia

Terminalia catappa

Artocarpus heterophyllus

Nephelium lappaceum

Spondias cythera

Eugenia malaccensis

Cordia alliodora

Annona muricata

Azadirachta indica

Milicia exelsa

Calophyllum inophyllum

Areca catechu

Afzelia quanzensis

Pachystela msolo

Casuarina equisetifolia

Ficus natalensis

Ceiba pentandra

Durio zebethinus

Adansonia digitata

Other tree species

Total

Number of Volume, Oven-dry stems m3 biom, tons

643 799 232 256 178 834

626 969 103 519 79 700

548 286 68 192 52 127

458 329 2 995 2 555

422 797 31 937 33 533

397 806 469 294

349 944 6 758 5 204

306 466 684 435

276 444 109 005 92 484

224 950 9 163 9 236

188 033 295 189

140 089 1 693 1 298

123 814 6 688 7 332

109 724 27 565 21 223

94022 3 468 2 664

88 002 15 623 12 028

86 715 6 445 4968

70 662 2 324 I 431

65 809 2 009 I 187

64 981 235 182

56 410 136 JOO

51 397 2 739 2 113

42 309 I 695 I 294

41 345 1 300 1 008

31 028 107 78

20 718 1 966 1 665

15 514 54 44

4 702 573 443

2 091 6 622 5 098

26 809 156 957 87 897

110 959 JOI 1160 025 686 108

299 826 402 5 456 359 4 029 854

B-area, D(g), H(g), Number of stems/ha by diameter classes (cm) m2/ha cm m < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50

0,39 46,7 14,1 J,82 0,74 0,56 0,46 0,19 0,44

0,15 39,4 17,6 2,13 0,68 0,69 0,34 0,16 0,11

0,o7 17,4 11,9 0,54 2,66 0,38 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,00 4,7 4,3 2,91 0,09 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,04 13,9 10,0 1,28 1,08 0,41 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,00 2,4 3,1 2,61 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,01 12,9 6,2 1,88 0,40 0,00 o.oi 0,00 0,00

0,00 2,8 3,8 2,01 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,11 25,3 14,5 0,01 0,1 6 1,09 0,52 0,02 0,00

0,02 18,9 10,1 0,81 0,56 0,10 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,00 2,6 3,1 1,23 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,00 10,2 5,7 0,86 0,03 0,03 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,01 20,0 11,3 0,62 0,12 0,05 0,00 0,03 0,00

0,04 35,7 15,7 0,12 0,37 0,06 0,10 0,04 0,03

0,00 18,1 10,1 0,49 0,03 0,09 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,02 30,7 12,6 0,28 0,08 0,06 0,11 0,03 O,Dl

O,Dl 19,2 11,6 0,25 0,22 0,09 O,Dl 0,00 0,00

0,00 14,7 6,5 0,25 0,22 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,00 10,1 6,3 0,37 0,06 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,00 5,3 4,4 0,43 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,00 4,3 3,9 0,37 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

O,Dl 23,8 11 ,7 0,23 0,00 0,06 O,Q3 0,00 O,Dl

0,00 10,0 5,8 0,25 0,03 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,00 10,2 9,7 0,19 0,08 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,00 3,5 3,8 0,20 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,00 15,5 JI,! 0,o7 0,06 0,00 O,Dl 0,00 0,00

0,00 8,0 5,1 0,10 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,00 21,0 5,0 0,00 0,00 O,Q3 0,00 0,00 0,00

O,Dl 106,0 19,0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 O,Dl

0,21 129,6 11,3 0,00 0,04 0,04 O,OZ 0,01 0,06

1,42 7,8 5,3 696,46 25,94 3,58 0,47 0,08 0,o7

5,55 20,1 8,8 1883,92 44,48 17,54 14,73 1,79 0,95

VI 0

Sampling category 1: Coral rag forests, close to roads and settlement

Code Species Number of Volume, Oven-dry B-area, D(g), stems m3 biom,_tons m2/ha cm

54 Euclea racemosa 11 263 455 23 180 14557 0,23 3,5 34 Pachystela brevipes 5 438 753 10552 8 144 0,11 3,6 38 Polysphaeria parvifolia 5 243 035 9977 6087 0,09 3,2

59 Rhus natalensis 4 719 060 7 657 4886 0,08 3,0 52 Maytenus mossambicensis 4 525 172 15 169 9 416 0,13 4,4 5 Annona senegalensis 3 309 264 19 530 11 993 0,15 5,5

49 Macphersonia gracilis 2 895 190 9 387 5 815 0,08 3,8 48 Flueggea virosa 2 760 453 3 386 2189 0,04 2,7 28 Ficusspp. l 457 271 l 974 l 520 0,08 4,6

56 Suregada zanzibariensis I 196 196 I 739 I 103 0,02 2,8

61 Dodonaea vis:osa l 091 036 l 466 933 0,02 2,6 50 Sorindeia madagascariensis 870 858 I 573 I 004 0,02 4,0 53 Rhus longipes 775 556 I 198 776 0,01 3,0

62 Terminalia boivinii 671 862 3 283 3 614 O,o3 6,9

44 Trema orientalis 644 106 2 986 I 863 0,03 4,3

47 Sclerocarya birrea 612 703 3 956 2 841 0,04 9,1

57 Tarenna pavettoides 448 392 I 619 954 O,Ql 4,3

15 Citrus Limon 377 918 1949 I 503 0,02 6,5

31 Margaritaria discoidea 354 915 442 281 0,01 2,4

17 Citrus sinensis 318 768 I 991 I 528 0,02 4,6

2 Acacia sp. 315 555 4468 4006 0,04 9,7

IO Bridelia micrantha 261 071 l 958 l 516 0,02 6,7

55 Psidium guajava 249 755 58 50 0,00 2,4

51 Lantana camara 105 160 74 45 0,00 2,1

58 Mallotus oppositifolius 92015 91 58 0,00 2,5

26 Syzygium cuminii 77 049 21 727 23 420 0,10 33,0

30 Mangifera indica 66 828 5 901 4543 0,05 33,0

18 Cocos nucifera 62 446 38 522 29 391 0,13 29,4

4 Albizia gummifera 52 580 112 95 0,00 3,4

12 Casuarina equisetifolia 18 993 937 793 0,01 10,3

67 Afzelia quanzensis 16 432 335 260 0,00 8,8

45 Vitex doniana 16 432 25 17 0,00 7,0

14 Citrus aurantiifolia 13 145 12 8 0,00 2,0

24 Eucalyptus spp. 4382 516 541 0,00 19,9

46 Spondias cythera 3 287 136 103 0,00 13,5

9 Azadirachta indica 3 287 83 62 0,00 10,0

3 Adansonia digitata 10 593 4262 2 387 0,05 56,8

71 Other tree species 30 535 528 204 766 121 927 1,25 7,2

Total 80 959 937 402 944 267 972 2,82 10,0

H(g), Number ofstems/ha by diameter classes (cm) m < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50

3,5 332,37 0,19 0,00 0,04 0,00 0,00 3,8 160,51 0,10 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,4 154,59 0,19 0,00 0,00 0,04 o,oq 3,8 139,35 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 o,oq 4,0 132,95 0,68 0,00 0,00 0,00 o,oq 4,0 96,07 1,55 0,10 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,7 85,11 0,29 0,10 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,2 81,52 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 4,0 42,50 0,39 0,10 0,04 0,00 0,00 3,4 35,32 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,4 32,22 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,8 25,62 0,10 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,2 22,90 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 5,0 19,12 0,68 0,00 0,04 0,00 0,00 4,3 19,02 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 5,1 17,47 0,39 0,19 0,04 0,00 0,00 3,6 13,20 0,00 0,00 0,04 0,00 0,00 5,0 11,06 0,10 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,1 10,48 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,5 9,22 0,19 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 7,5 8,41 0,91 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 4,6 7,38 0,29 0,00 0,04 0,00 0,00 2,9 7,38 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,0 3,11 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,4 2,72 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

10,8 1,46 0,19 0,19 0,17 0,04 0,22 10,l l ,55 0,29 0,00 0,04 0,04 0,041 6,3 0,00 0,10 1,01 0,69 0,04 0,00

3,3 1,55 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

7,2 0,30 0,26 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 7,1 0,39 0,10 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,6 0,39 0,10 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

2,8 0,39 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 12,7 0,00 O,o9 0,04 0,00 0,00 0,00

6,5 0,00 0,10 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

6,5 0,10 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 7,3 0,00 0,19 0,04 0,00 0,04 0,04

4,9 884,35 14,65 2,28 0,26 0,04 0,13

5,4 2362,78 21,92 4,01 1,42 0,22 0,39

\J\ ......

Sampling category 2: Other coral rag forests

Code Species Number of Volume, stems m3

54 Euclea racemosa 20 758 854 40074 38 Polysphaeria parvifolia 16 995 232 19 660 34 Pachystela brevipes 14 293 152 35 196 52 Maytenus mossambicensis 13 049 323 62 752 49 Macphersonia gracilis 11934192 27 300

59 Rhus natalensis 10 550 981 18 285

48 Flueggea virosa 3 602 774 3 396 5 Annona senegalensis 3 302 543 22 287

44 Trema orientalis 2 058 728 10 968 56 Suregada zanzibariensis 1 887 167 2 277

53 Rhus longipes 1 715 607 3 180 50 Sorindeia madagascariensis 1 608 388 7 007 28 Ficus spp. 1522608 1 455

62 Terminalia boivinii 1 420 132 17 638

61 Dodonaea viscosa 471 792 552 57 Tarenna pavettoides 471 792 404

10 Bridelia micrantha 461 079 4 918

47 Sclerocarya birrea 390 782 4083

2 Acacia sp. 319 365 4864

58 Ma/lotus oppositifolius 214 451 593

51 Lantana camara 171 561 135 39 Pterocarpus indicus 128 671 108 26 Syzygium cuminii 69 099 16 641

9 Azadirachta indica 42 890 135

46 Spondias cythera 42 890 67

31 Margaritaria discoidea 42 890 27

45 Vitex doniana 42 890 13

15 Citrus Limon 10726 256

30 Mangifera indica 9 540 8 907

71 Other tree species 70 034 927 847 037

Total 177 710 941 1 160 298

Oven-dry biom, tons

25 386 12 612 27 084 38 484 17 153 11 656 2 223

13 367 6 791 1 455 1 994 4 339 1 118

19 336 364 256

3800 2 924 4 366

377 81 81

17 948 108 54 13 13

189 6 859

501 261 721 910

B-area, D(g), H(g), Number of stems/ha by diameter classes (cm) m2/ha cm m < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 ' 40-50 >50

0,25 3,3 3,8 366,80 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,14 2,7 3,5 300,1 1 0,19 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,21 4,1 4,1 252,56 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,29 6,0 4,7 227,17 3,22 0,19 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,16 3,7 4,0 210,31 0,57 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,12 3,3 3,9 186,43 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,03 2,5 3,2 63,66 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,09 6,8 3,8 57,79 0,38 0,19 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,05 5,3 4,7 36,38 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 O,D2 2,5 3,2 33,35 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 O,D2 2,9 3,3 30,31 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

O,o3 6,2 4,6 28,04 0,38 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,04 6,8 5,9 26,71 0,19 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,10 11,9 6,2 22,93 1,52 0,57 0,08 0,00 0,00

0,00 2,5 3,4 8,34 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,2 3,2 8,34 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,03 8,3 5,9 7,58 0,57 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

O,D2 20,3 8,8 6,82 0,00 0,00 0,08 0,00 0,00

O,D2 5,2 4,2 4,80 0,84 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,8 4,9 3,79 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,2 3,2 3,03 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,0 2,7 2,27 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,06 43,3 11,0 0,00 0,76 0,38 0,00 0,00 0,08 0,00 4,0 3,6 0,76 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,00 3,0 2,8 0,76 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,00 2,0 3,0 0,76 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,00 3,0 2,8 0,76 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,00 10,5 5,5 0,00 0,19 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,05 57,0 14,8 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,08 0,00 0,08

2,77 8,0 5,2 1171,84 56,84 7,56 1,01 0,1 7 0,08

4,51 9,8 5,2 3063,89 65,64 8,88 1,26 0,17 0,25

VI N

Sampling category 3: Agroforestry systems

Code Species Number of Volume, stems m3

18 Cocos nucifera 2 971 899 2 616 532 5 Annona senegalensis 2 613 667 18 862

55 Psidium guajava 1936742 467 10 Bridelia micrantha 1 438 457 11 892 17 Citrus sinensis 1240499 13 286 39 Pterocarpus indicus 1052992 4129 50 Sorindeia madagascariensis 958 969 3 745 26 Syzygium cuminii 867 575 87 625 45 Vitex doniana 821 592 4637 53 Rhus longipes 789 739 2 576

25 Eugenia car)'ophyllus 686 324 79 366 7 Artocarpus altilis 579 790 89 409 30 Mangifera indica 516 054 185 641

56 Suregada zanzibariensis 394 870 656 15 Citrus limon 385 477 5 080 4 Albizia gummifera 371 364 2 818

38 Polysphaeria parvifolia 357 263 354

16 Citrus reticulata 349 944 6758

57 Tarenna pavettoides 319 656 549 54 Euclea racemosa 263 246 219

51 Lantana camara 225 640 165 40 Rauvolfia mombasiana 188 033 295 59 Rhus natalensis 150 427 289 34 Pachystela brevipes 131 623 219 14 Citrus aurantiifolia 122 225 904 43 Terminalia catappa 116 996 4 838

28 Ficus spp. 112 820 998

8 Artocarpus heterophyllus 98 193 24037 33 Nephelium lappaceum 94022 3 468

52 Maytenus mossambicensis 94 017 910

66 Eugenia malaccensis 86 715 6 445

65 Annona muricata 65 809 2 009

32 Milicia exelsa 56 410 136

6 Areca catechu 42 309 1 695

46 Spondias cythera 33 436 10 249

19 Cordia alliodora 28 202 1 601

29 Hevea brasiliensis 22 986 5 116

Oven-dry biom,tons

1996418 11 508

360 9 157

10 232 3 609 2 304

94448 3 119 1 619

81 617 68 839

142 942 414

3 923 2 404

230 5 204

354 142 100 189 183 165 691

5 305 768

18 508 2 664

561 4 968 1 187

100 1 294 7 886

987 4 348

B-area, D(g), H(g), Number of stems/ha by diameter classes (cm) m2Jha cm m < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50

6,74 33,0 15,7 0,00 1,41 29,41 45,59 4,56 0,17 0,13 5,4 4,3 69,82 1,54 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 O,D3 3,0 3,5 52,88 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,09 6,6 5,2 37,09 1,93 0,26 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,12 12,2 5,6 31,06 2,31 0,39 0,11 0,00 0,00 0,04 7,6 5,9 28,24 0,39 0,13 0,00 0,00 0,00

O,D3 5,2 4,3 25,93 0,26 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,32 30,1 9,7 22,20 0,64 0,39 0,17 0,00 0,29 0,11 10,8 6,6 19,38 2,44 0,44 0,11 0,06 0,00 0,02 3,7 3,7 21,56 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,47 18,0 10,5 5,39 7,83 4,61 0,91 0,00 0,00

0,54 40,0 17,8 8,86 2,70 2,17 1,08 0,57 0,46 1,27 45,3 14,3 5,65 2,70 2,15 1,60 0,57 1,43 0,01 3,1 3,6 10,78 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,05 11,0 5,9 9,24 1,16 0,13 0,00 0,00 0,00 O,Q2 5,9 5,1 9,75 0,39 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,7 3,5 9,75 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,06 12,9 6,2 7,83 1,67 0,00 0,06 0,00 0,00

0,01 3,1 4,3 8,73 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,1 2,8 7,19 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,1 3,1 6,16 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,6 3,1 5,13 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,1 4,0 4,11 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,1 3,6 3,59 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,01 8,5 5,4 3,21 0,13 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,03 17,2 10,3 2,57 0,39 0,19 0,00 0,06 0,00 0,03 12,5 7,0 2,05 0,90 0,13 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,16 36,1 15,4 0,51 1,41 0,13 0,40 0,11 0,11

0,02 18,1 10,1 2,05 0,13 0,39 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 5,9 4,7 2,57 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,04 19,2 11,6 1,03 0,90 0,39 0,06 0,00 0,00 O,Ql 10,1 6,3 1,54 0,26 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,00 4,3 3,9 1,54 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 10,0 5,8 1,03 0,13 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

om 35,6 13,7 0,00 0,26 0,26 0,29 0,06 0,06 0,01 13,1 4,0 0,00 0,77 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,02 20,6 13,2 0,00 0,17 0,46 0,00 0,00 0,00

VI (.,>)

Code Species Number of stems

11 Calophyllum inophyllum 20369 48 Flueggea virosa 18 803

9 Azadirachta indica 18 803 62 Terminalia boivinii 18 803 67 Afzelia quanzensis 9 399 2 Acacia sp 8 359 13 Ceiba pentandra 4702 21 Durio zebethinus 2 091 3 Adansonia digitata 16 216

71 Other tree species 6 685 627 Total 27 372 967

Sampling category 4: SCF plantations

Code Species Number of stems

5 Annona senegalensis 1 027 800 54 Euclea racemosa 853 267

34 Pachystela brevipes 605 044

49 Macphersonia gracilis 558 502

37 Pinus caribaea 548 286

28 Ficusspp. 465 418 61 Dodonaea viscosa 434 390

52 Maytenus mossambicensis 368 455

38 Polysphaeria parvifolia 279 251

29 Hevea brasiliensis 253 458 51 Lantana camara 232 709

36 Parinari curatellifolia 224 950

10 Bridelia micrantha 217 190

59 Rhus natalensis 139 625 56 Suregada zanzibariensis 93 084

25 Eugenia caryophyllus 73 690

48 Flueggea virosa 62056

53 Rhus longipes 62056

45 Vitex doniana 46 542

35 Pachystela msolo 31 028

26 Syzygium cuminii 31 028

Volume, Oven-dry mJ biomitons

2 729 2103 35 24 18 12 18 18

479 372 1 176 1 052

573 443 6 622 5 098

152 695 85 510 60610 35 066

3 270 241 2 533 007

Volume, Oven-dry mJ biom,_tons

3 266 2047 814 526

1 189 916 848 541

68 192 52 127 253 195 712 453

1 472 902 341 219

103 889 88 137 414 268

9 163 9 236 1 881 1 452

88 58 83 58

6292 5 615 132 83 78 49

395 268 107 78 24 29

B-area, D(g), H(g), Number of stems/ha by diameter classes (cm) m2/ha cm m < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50

0,04 34,2 16,1 0,13 0,00 0,26 0,11 0,00 0,06 0,00 3,0 4,0 0,51 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,0 3,0 0,51 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,0 2,7 0,51 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 13,8 8,4 0,00 0,26 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 33,5 18,1 0,11 0,06 0,00 0,06 0,00 0,00 0,00 21,0 5,0 0,00 0,00 0,13 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,05 106,0 19,0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,06 0,81 184,2 14,3 0,00 0,00 0,13 0,10 0,00 0,21 0,28 9,6 6,2 179,17 2,95 0,19 0,17 0,00 0,06

10,86 35,1 14,4 609,38 36,04 42,56 50,72 5,99 2,68

B-area, D(g), H(g), Number of stems/ha by diameter classes (cm) m2/ha cm m < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50

0,21 5,7 4,4 210,87 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 O,Q7 2,4 3,0 175,07 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,09 4,0 3,5 124,14 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

O,Q7 3,4 3,4 114,59 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,12 17,4 11,9 16,98 83,49 12,03 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,09 4,8 4,0 95,49 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,05 3,9 4,0 89,12 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,08 6,0 4,6 73,21 2,39 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

O,Q3 2,9 3,7 57,29 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,31 30,0 15,8 0,35 3,89 30,78 16,27 0,71 0,00

O,Q3 3,3 4,0 47,75 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,51 18,9 10,1 25,46 17,51 3,18 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,11 9,4 6,4 41,38 2,39 0,80 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 2,0 3,0 28,65 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,01 2,3 3,0 19,10 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,25 16,3 11,4 3,18 11,14 0,80 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,01 4,0 4,1 12,73 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,01 2,7 3,3 12,73 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,08 8,3 5,0 6,37 3,18 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,01 3,5 3,8 6,37 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,00 2,7 2,1 6,37 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

VI ...!:>-.

Code Species Number of Volume, Oven-dry stems m3 biom..Ltons

11 Calophyllum inophyllum 31 028 10 10 24 Eucalyptus spp. 24136 29 29 67 Afzelia quanzensis 15 514 487 375 4 Albizia gummifera 15 514 54 44

27 Ficus natalensis 15 514 54 44 50 Sorindeia madagascariensis 3 880 195 117 12 Casuarina equisetifolia l 725 l 028 872 71 Other tree species 3 151 051 46 225 26 982

Total 9 866 209 247 721 191 719

Sampling category 5: Agricultural and settlement areas

Code Species Number of Volume, Oven-dry stems m3 biom..Ltons

48 Flueggea virosa 660 473 l 589 1 002 5 Annona senegalensis 523 665 2 763 l 690

45 Vitex doniana 511606 634 421 24 Eucalyptus spp. 394 280 31 392 32 963 39 Pterocarpus indicus 377 413 480 421 18 Cocos nucifera 283 101 211 739 161 548 17 Citrus sinensis 99 066 l 713 l 316 55 Psidium guajava 75 483 142 113 10 Bridelia micrantha 75 483 95 71 26 Syzygium cuminii 59 760 60 033 64 710 30 Mangifera indica 51 377 31 807 24 491 7 Artocarpus altilis 47 180 14 110 10 861 19 Cordia alliodora 42 460 723 445 2 Acacia sp. 39 846 842 753

54 Euclea racemosa 37 741 42 30 25 Eugenia caryophyllus 30 408 4043 4 020 4 Albizia gummifera 18 871 12 12 8 Artocarpus heterophyllus 11 531 3 528 2 715

46 Spondias cythera 8 389 5 170 3 984 43 Terminalia catappa 6 818 1 850 2 028 14 Citrus aurantiifolia 4 719 777 599 49 Macphersonia gracilis 4 719 296 178 71 Other tree species 551 968 1 387 872

Total 3 916 349 375 154 315 246

B-area, D(g), H(g), Number of stems/ha by diameter classes (cm) m2/ha cm m < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50

0,00 3,0 3,0 6,37 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,7 3,1 4,95 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,02 8,0 13,5 3,18 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 4,0 3,8 3,18 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,02 8,0 5,1 3,18 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 O,Ql 11,0 6,5 0,00 0,80 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,03 31,0 23,0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,35 0,00 0,00 1,52 6,7 6,3 610,34 28,65 7,16 0,00 0,35 0,00 8,74 13,6 8,7 1798,40 153,42 54,74 16,63 1,06 0,00

B-area, D(g), H(g), Number of stems/ha by diameter classes (cm) m2/ha cm m < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50

0,03 3,2 3,5 31,83 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,03 6,4 4,0 24,55 0,68 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,03 7,9 5,1 24,55 0,00 0,00 0,10 0,00 0,00 0,31 19,0 14,3 8,29 7,78 2,93 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 2,4 2,8 18,19 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,13 33,9 11,7 0,00 0,45 4,80 7,58 0,71 0,10 0,03 13,8 5,6 3,64 0,91 0,23 0,00 0,00 0,00 O,Ql 7,3 5,3 3,64 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,4 2,9 3,64 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,38 59,9 14,6 1,82 0,23 0,23 0,20 0,00 0,40 0,39 68,0 17,3 0,91 0,23 0,33 0,30 0,30 0,40 0,15 32,3 15,2 0,00 0,23 1,24 0,61 0,20 0,00 0,01 16,3 8,9 1,82 0,23 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 O,Ql 13,2 9,9 1,72 0,10 0,10 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,5 3,1 1,82 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,04 23,0 12,8 0,00 1,36 0,00 0,10 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,0 2,2 0,91 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,03 32,7 18,6 0,00 0,23 0,23 0,00 0,10 0,00 0,06 41,1 17,9 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,30 0,10 0,00 0,02 29,8 14,9 0,00 0,23 0,00 0,00 0,10 0,00 0,01 25,0 10,0 0,00 0,00 0,23 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 12,0 5,5 0,00 0,23 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,02 3,3 3,9 26,60 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,71 37,4 11,6 153,92 12,89 10,31 9,20 1,52 0,91

V1 V1

ANNEX 7. WOODY BIOMASS INVENTORY RESULTS BY TREE SPECIES IN PEMBA ISLAND

This Annex presents the tree species results of woody biomass inventory by sampling categories and combination of the five sampling categories.

Sampling categories 1-5:

Code Species Number of Volume, Oven-dry B-area, D(g), H(g), Number of stems/ha by diameter classes (cm) stems m3 biom_,_ tons m2/ha cm m < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50

36 Parinari curatellifolia 11607261 112 215 113 099 0,35 12,9 6,4 115,62 5,32 1,24 0,36 0,04 0,04

45 Vitex doniana 7 127 425 22 070 14 826 0,23 14,1 6,7 69,91 4,16 0,92 0,21 0,o7 0,02

70 Uapaca guineensis 5 844 640 47 814 36 801 0,33 11,2 7,9 54,93 3,84 2,14 0,74 0,04 0,06

25 Eugenia caryophyllus 5 042 668 685 619 740 218 1,55 26,6 13,0 20,43 14,87 12,78 4,34 0,65 0,19

31 Margaritaria discoidea 4573 232 9265 5 87 1 0,04 3,2 3,6 48,31 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

48 Flueggea virosa 2 668 214 7 576 4574 0,02 4,8 3,8 28,06 O,o9 0,00 0,04 0,00 0,00

38 Polysphaeria parvifolia 2 411170 7709 4673 O,OZ 4,3 3,9 25,08 0,38 O,OZ 0,00 0,00 0,00

28 Ficusspp. 2 163 227 20 683 15 959 0,13 19,1 8,9 21,44 0,92 0,23 0,08 0,09 0,09

18 Cocos nucifera 1 888 750 1322017 1 008 716 1,40 30,2 12,9 0,17 0,88 10,49 7,97 0,41 O,OZ

34 Pachyste/a brevipes 1 727 97 1 13 914 10 717 0,04 11,1 5,9 17,37 0,61 0,22 O,OZ O,Q3 O,Ql

26 Syzygium cuminii 1 525 797 193 197 208 268 0,34 32,8 10,1 13,76 0,92 0,23 0,45 0,29 0,48

10 Bridelia micrantha 1 425 233 46 806 36 033 0,12 15,9 9,7 12,61 1,39 0,87 0,10 0,06 0,02

5 Annona senegalensis 1 353 922 12 827 7 732 O,Q3 8,3 5,2 13,51 0,77 O,Q3 0,00 0,00 0,00

17 Citrus sinensis 1340519 11 433 8 798 0,04 10,2 5,6 13,25 0,82 0,09 0,00 0,00 0,00

35 Pachyste/a msolo 1 224 125 19 226 14 790 0,06 21,0 8,2 12,54 0,22 O,OZ 0,08 0,00 0,08

23 Erythrophloeum suaveolens 1 125 099 39 202 52 730 0,08 17,8 10,4 10,83 0,61 0,09 0,26 0,06 0,04

59 Rhus natalensis 1 08 1 927 2 334 1 475 0,01 3,1 3,5 11,43 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

30 Mangifera indica 917 672 462 409 356 062 1,28 61,9 15,1 5,43 0,75 0,67 0,70 0,54 1,61

52 Maytenus mossambicensis 773 887 2 726 1 647 0,00 9,9 5,2 8,15 0,00 0,00 O,OZ 0,00 0,00

39 Pterocarpus indicus 552 817 3 211 2 811 O,Ql 6,4 5,0 5,45 0,39 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

15 Citrus Limon 503 007 3 587 2 758 O,Ql 7,3 4,7 4,94 0,34 0,04 0,00 0,00 0,00

68 Anacardium occidentale 416 292 9 609 7 401 O,Q3 17,0 9,0 3,70 0,52 0,13 0,00 0,00 0,04

8 Artocarpus heterophyllus 320 039 57 718 44 447 0,15 30,4 12,8 1,10 0,78 0,96 0,30 0,11 0,14

43 Terminalia catappa 288 65 1 15 538 17 052 O,Q3 23,8 14,4 2,48 0,36 0,09 0,06 0,02 0,04

19 Cordia alliodora 260 177 5 371 3 311 O,Ql 11,6 6,8 2,44 0,26 0,04 0,00 0,00 0,00

40 Rauvolfia mombasiana 236 760 2674 1 522 0,01 8,1 5,7 2,48 0,00 0,00 o,oz 0,00 0,00

56 Suregada zanzibariensis 224 610 626 397 0,00 3,5 3,9 2,37 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

29 Hevea brasiliensis 222 787 53 087 45 041 0,11 26,0 10,9 0,19 0,79 0,98 0,37 O,Ql 0,00

VI 0\

Code

7 44 55 11 22 16 4

51 32 65 50 2

47 66 6

33 9

69 12 42 14 13 61 49 41 21 46 62 3

99

Species

Artocarpus altilis Trema orientalis

Psidium guajava

Calophyllum inophyllum

Elaeis guineensis

Citrus reticulata Albizia gummifera

Lantana camara Milicia exelsa

Annona muricata

Sorindeia madagascariensis

Acaciasp.

Sclerocarya birrea

Eugenia malaccensis

Areca catechu Nephelium lappaceum

Azadirachta indica Citrus grandis

Casuarina equisetifolia

Tectona grandis

Citrus aurantiifolia

Ceiba pentandra Dodonaea viscosa

Macphersonia gracilis

Tamarindus indica

Durio zebethinus Spondias cythera

Terminalia boivinii

Adansonia digitata

Other tree species Total

Number of Volume, Oven-dry stems m3 biomJ.. tons

195 654 28 755 22154 161 706 435 281 148 299 671 517 148 217 I 095 846 130 832 54658 41 705 101 651 516 394 IOI 037 I 477 I 261 99 116 104 67 91 529 6209 4786 72 744 I 690 1 010 62 478 3 951 2 277 55 633 2 111 1 890 41 294 1 899 1362 39 798 1 207 929 34682 4635 3 538 33 039 119 93 28 811 558 427 24776 431 332 21 991 I 488 1 267 20276 25 25 16 519 62 47 14 439 28 696 22 101 12 388 47 31 8 069 34 22 6905 2 804 3 390 6 634 7 952 6 123 6 210 1 648 I 266 4 131 638 701

29 753 382 140 214009 32 667 483 428 635 247 386 93 627 950 3 780 072 3 139 402

B-area, D(g), H(g), Number of stems/ha by diameter classes (cm) m2/ha cm m < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50

0,08 30,2 12,I 1,05 0,34 0,26 0,23 0, 15 0,04 0,00 5,9 4,8 1,71 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 O,Ql 8,5 4,8 1,31 0,17 0,09 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 14,2 8,5 1,39 0,09 0,04 0,04 0,00 0,00 0,09 31,3 8,7 0,17 0,20 0,32 0,54 0,14 0,00 0,00 7,5 5,1 1,08 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 9,5 7,8 0,96 0,06 0,04 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,5 3,2 1,05 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,02 34,0 14,9 0,87 0,04 0,00 0,02 0,00 O,Q3 0,00 9,2 5,4 0,72 0,04 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 15,7 7,5 0,51 0,11 0,04 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 22,3 16,3 0,50 0,06 0,00 0,03 0,00 0,00 0,01 36,0 10,7 0,39 0,00 0,01 0,00 0,03 0,00 0,00 18,2 10,0 0,36 0,04 0,00 0,01 0,00 0,00 0,01 20,7 11,7 0,13 0,22 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,02 0,00 4,0 3,6 0,35 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 7,3 3,6 0,22 0,09 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 9,5 5,8 0,17 0,09 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 13,3 6,4 0,17 0,02 0,05 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,0 2,5 0,21 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 4,0 4,3 0,17 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,04 56,3 19,6 0,00 0,00 0,04 0,01 0,04 0,06 0,00 4,0 4,2 0,13 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 4,5 4,2 0,09 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 49,1 10,6 0,00 0,03 0,03 0,00 0,00 O,Q2

0,02 52,3 18,1 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,02 0,04

0,00 28,3 14,0 0,00 0,00 O,Q3 0,04 0,00 0,00

0,00 23,0 10,9 0,00 0,00 0,04 0,00 0,00 0,00

0,90 204,1 14,4 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,03 0,29

0,70 13,7 6,0 332,71 9,90 1,80 0,39 0,05 0,24

7,49 35,3 11,9 878,58 51,65 35,17 17,47 2,84 3,36

r-.

V1 -......i

Sampling category 1: Coral rag forests, close to roads and settlement

Code Species Number of Volume, Oven-dry B-area, D(g), stems mJ biom..i_tons m2/ha cm

59 Rhus natalensis 867 177 1 607 1 024 0,15 3,1 31 Margaritaria discoidea 458 365 806 514 0,08 2,7 48 Flueggea virosa 272 541 187 121 0,02 2,1 52 Maytenus mossambicensis 235 376 405 261 0,04 3,2 28 Ficusspp. 105 298 276 214 0,08 6,3 30 Mangifera indica 49 553 82 62 O,Ql 3,3 38 Polysphaeria parvifolia 49 553 51 35 0,01 2,5 47 Sclerocarya birrea 41 294 I 899 I 362 0,17 36,0 61 Dodonaea viscosa 12 388 47 31 0,00 4,0 18 Cocos nucifera 1 378 323 249 0,03 31,0 3 Adansonia digitata 6 033 78 871 44170 4,32 224,4

99 Other tree species 1 077 777 7 593 4 558 0,42 7,8 Total 3 170 703 13 280 8 422 1,00 7,7

Sampling category 2: Other coral rag forests

Code Species Number of Volume, Oven-dry B-area, D(g), stems mJ biom..i_tons m2Jha cm

31 Margaritaria discoidea 2 371 291 4 597 2 917 0,16 3,5

48 Flueggea virosa I 210 872 I 395 903 0,06 2,5

52 Maytenus mossambicensis 454 077 951 602 0,03 3,6

38 Polysphaeria parvifolia 157 660 2 647 I 569 0,05 11,8

5 Annona senegalensis 126 133 468 293 O,Ql 4,2

44 Trema orientalis 126 133 214 143 0,01 3,0

56 Suregada zanzibariensis 100 906 166 111 0,01 3,2

50 Sorindeia madagascariensis 37 836 I 236 729 0,02 8,6

28 Ficus spp. 8 409 6 935 5 342 0,32 83,4

26 Syzygium cuminii 5 603 15 328 16 517 0,20 69,1

3 Adansonia digitata 22 112 280 543 157 113 6,13 180,4

99 Other tree species II 196 365 123 612 72 858 2,19 14,2 Total 15795315 157 549 102 008 3,06 17,1

H(g), Number of stems/ha by diameter classes (cm) m < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50

3,4 222,81 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,4 117,77 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,6 70,03 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,2 60,48 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 5,8 27,06 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,8 12,73 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,3 12,73 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

10,7 9,55 0,00 0,35 0,00 0,71 0,00 4,2 3,18 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,5 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,35 0,00 0,00

15,9 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,55 4,3 273,74 1,59 1,59 0,00 0,00 0,00 4,1 810,07 1,59 1,95 0,35 0,71 0,00

H(g), Number of stems/ha by diameter classes (cm) m < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 > 50

3,7 230,16 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,1 117,53 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,2 44,07 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 6,7 12,24 3,06 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

3,5 12,24 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,7 12,24 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,2 9,79 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 5,8 3,06 0,61 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

18,6 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,54 0,27 19,3 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,54

13,0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,24 1,91

5,1 1039,98 39,79 6,12 0,54 0,00 0,27 5,8 1481,32 43,46 6,12 0,54 0,54 1,09

V1 00

Sampling category 3: Agroforestry systems

Code Species Number of Volume, stems m3

36 Parinari curatellifolia 11 403 376 111177 45 Vitex doniana 6 954 639 20256 70 Uapaca guineensis 5 844 640 47 814 25 Eugenia caryophyllus 4 878 789 665 806 38 Polysphaeria parvifolia 2 153 475 4925 28 Ficus spp. 1 991 038 7 998 18 Cocos nucifera l 722 329 1220647 34 Pachystela brevipes 1 721 685 12 077 26 Sy:zygium cuminii 1 462 463 170 372 10 Bridelia micrantha 1424784 46 631 31 Margaritaria discoidea 1 338 062 2917 5 Annona senegalensis 1 210 049 11 407

35 Pachystela msolo 1 205 918 19 197 17 Citrus sinensis 1 193 525 9 710 48 Flueggea virosa 1 184 801 5 994 23 Erythrophloeum suaveolens 1 086 168 38 716 30 Mangifera indica 800 773 402 961 39 Pterocarpus indicus 549 273 2995 15 Citrus Limon 429 507 2 730 68 Anacardium occidentale 396 016 9 513 8 Artocarpus heterophyllus 286 807 50 035

43 Terminalia catappa 283 584 15 331 19 Cordia alliodora 260 177 5 371 40 Rauvolfia mombasiana 216 588 2 621 59 Rhus natalensis 214 751 727 7 Artocarpus altilis 183 544 26 525 11 Calophyllum inophyllum 148 217 1 095 55 Psidium guajava 128 023 649 22 Elaeis guineensis 117 031 49 174 56 Suregada zanzibariensis 115 635 426 16 Citrus reticulata 99 116 462 51 Lantana camara 99 116 104 4 Albizia gummifera 94985 1 277

32 Milicia exelsa 90 402 5 133 52 Maytenus mossambicensis 84434 1 370 65 Annona muricata 70208 1 588 2 Acacia sp. 49 573 1 588

Oven-dry bioll!I_ tons

112 054 13 608 36 801

719 266 3 015 6 186

931 365 9 300

183 674 35 898

1 842 6 882

14 770 7 473 3 550

52 080 310 291

2 621 2102 7 328

38 529 16 825 331 1 1 489

452 20 438

846 498

37 523 265 353

67 1 090 3 955

784 950

1 422

B-area, D(g), H(g), Number of stems/ha by diameter classes (cm) m2/ha cm m < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50

0,48 13,4 6,6 158,00 7,41 1,73 0,49 0,05 0,05 0,30 13,3 6,6 95,07 5,71 1,17 0,27 0,08 0,00 0,46 11,2 7,9 76,48 5,35 2,98 1,03 0,05 0,08 2,09 26,5 12,9 27,58 19,80 17,36 5,89 0,86 0,27 O,Q2 3,9 3,7 31,59 0,06 O,Q3 0,00 0,00 0,00 O,Q9 12,8 7,9 27,70 1,15 0,24 0,11 O,Q3 0,05 1,78 29,9 13,1 0,24 1,15 13,27 10,10 0,54 O,Q3 0,05 9,7 5,8 24,12 0,85 0,30 0,Q3 O,Q3 0,00 0,42 32,3 10,1 18,41 1,28 0,29 0,62 0,38 0,54 0,16 15,4 9,5 17,56 1,94 1,21 0,13 0,08 0,Q3 0,02 3,1 3,5 19,68 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,04 8,0 5,4 16,77 1,03 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,08 22,7 8,6 17,19 0,30 O,Q3 0,11 0,00 0,11 0,05 9,7 5,5 16,58 0,85 0,12 0,00 0,00 0,00 O,Q2 6,2 4,4 17,25 0,12 0,00 0,05 0,00 0,00 0,11 17,8 10,4 14,52 0,85 0,12 0,35 0,08 0,05 1,55 60,5 14,9 6,62 0,97 0,84 0,73 0,65 1,97 O,Ql 5,7 4,7 7,59 0,49 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 7,6 4,8 5,83 0,43 0,06 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,04 17,9 9,3 4,86 0,73 0,18 0,00 0,00 0,05 0,19 30,2 12,8 1,34 0,97 1,26 0,35 0,14 0,16 0,04 25,3 15,1 3,46 0,43 0,12 0,08 0,Q3 0,05 0,02 11,6 6,8 3,40 0,36 0,06 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,Ql 8,7 5,9 3,16 0,00 0,00 O,Q3 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,2 3,7 3,16 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,10 30,6 12,2 1,46 0,36 0,36 0,27 0,19 0,05 0,01 14,2 8,5 1,94 0,12 0,06 0,05 0,00 0,00 O,Ql 9,0 5,0 1,52 0,24 0,12 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,11 30,8 8,9 0,24 0,24 0,45 0,59 0,19 0,00 0,00 3,3 4,0 1,70 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 4,9 4,7 1,46 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,5 3,2 1,46 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 7,5 6,5 1,28 0,06 0,06 0,00 0,00 0,00 O,Q2 29,0 14,3 1,21 0,06 0,00 O,Q3 0,00 O,Q3 0,00 16,5 7,2 1,21 0,00 0,00 O,Q3 0,00 0,00 0,00 8,9 5,0 0,97 0,06 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 28,9 23,9 0,64 0,05 0,00 om 0,00 0,00

Code Species Number of Volume, Oven-dry B-area, D(g), H(g), Number of stems/ha by diameter classes (cm) stems m3 biom_!_ tons m2/ha cm m < 10 10 -20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50

33 Nephelium lappaceum 33 039 119 93 0,00 4,0 3,6 0,49 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 44 Trema orientalis 33 039 119 78 0,00 4,6 4,5 0,49 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 6 Areca catechu 26 614 4 557 3 477 0,01 23,6 13,4 0,06 0,30 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,03 9 Azadirachta indica 24 776 555 426 0,00 9,9 4,5 0,24 0,12 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

69 Citrus grandis 24776 431 332 0,00 9,5 5,8 0,24 0,12 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 50 Sorindeia madagascariensis 20 650 353 213 0,00 8,0 5,1 0,24 0,06 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 14 Citrus aurantiifolia 16 519 62 47 0,00 4,0 4,3 0,24 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 13 Ceiba pentandra 13 312 27 932 21 512 0,06 61,7 19,9 0,00 0,00 0,06 0,00 0,05 0,08 66 Eugenia malaccensis 8 257 296 228 0,00 11,2 8,3 0,06 0,06 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 12 Casuarina equisetifolia 7 344 644 550 0,00 10,5 5,5 0,05 0,03 0,03 0,00 0,00 0,00 21 Durio zebethinus 5 506 7 318 5 636 0,03 64,7 19,2 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,03 0,05 62 Terminalia boivinii 4 131 638 701 0,00 23,0 10,9 0,00 0,00 0,06 0,00 0,00 0,00 46 Spondias cythera 3 674 1 282 986 0,00 31,5 15,5 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,05 0,00 0,00 41 Tamarindus indica I 837 2 195 2 657 0,01 73 ,0 12,5 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,03 3 Adansonia digitata I 609 22 726 12 726 0,08 211,0 14,0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,02

99 Other tree species 19 010 037 256 093 146 468 0,54 13,4 6,1 271,16 6,62 1,18 0,32 0,05 0,27 Total 71149 584 3 286 019 2 776 984 9,01 36,7 12,8 912,35 60,95 43,89 21,79 3,51 4,02

VI Sampling category 4: SCF plantations \D

Code Species Number of Volume, Oven-dry B-area, D(g), H(g), Number of stems/ha by diameter classes (cm) stems m3 biom,_tons m2/ha cm m < 10 10 -20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50

29 Hevea brasiliensis 190 112 49 236 41 773 9,05 27,2 11,2 14,15 50,85 86,23 34,93 0,89 0,44 25 Eugenia caryophyllus 47 853 3 529 3 456 0,70 22,5 12,8 25,86 12,93 7,96 0,44 0,00 0,00 38 Polysphaeria parvifolia 40 345 74 47 0,03 3,4 3,8 39,79 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 40 Rauvolfia mombasiana 20 172 53 33 0,02 4,8 4,4 19,89 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 23 Erythrophloeum suaveolens 8 518 218 293 0,04 30,6 15,1 7,96 0,00 0,00 0,44 0,00 0,00 6 Areca catechu 8 069 79 61 0,02 5,8 3,0 7,96 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

49 Macphersonia gracilis 8 069 34 22 0,01 4,5 4,2 7,96 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 56 Suregada zanzibariensis 8 069 34 22 0,01 4,5 4,2 7,96 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 35 Pachystela msolo 8 069 6 4 0,00 2,0 2,3 7,96 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 28 Ficusspp. 6 948 678 522 0,38 36,8 15,6 0,00 3,98 2,43 0,00 0,00 0,44 4 Albizia gummifera 6 052 200 171 0,04 15,7 11,7 3,98 1,99 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

30 Mangijera indica 5 379 1 486 1145 0,38 60,8 16,7 3,98 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,33 2 Acacia sp. 4 932 494 442 0,10 28,0 18,0 2,21 2,21 0,00 0,44 0,00 0,00 9 Azadirachta indica 4034 3 1 0,00 2,0 1,9 3,98 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 34 Pachystela brevipes 4034 3 3 0,00 2,0 2,3 3,98 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

0\ 0

Code Species Number of Volume, Oven-dry stems mJ biom,.tons

50 Sorindeia madagascariensis l 456 957 539 39 Pterocarpus indicus l 009 61 53 45 Vitex doniana l 009 11 8 10 Bridelia micrantha 449 175 134 99 Other tree species 474 273 19 863 11 167

Total 848 852 77 196 59 894

Sampling category 5: Agricultural and settlement areas

Code Species Number of Volume, Oven-dry stems mJ biom.l..tons

31 Margaritaria discoidea 405 514 946 599 36 Parinari curatellifolia 203 885 l 038 I 045 45 Vitex doniana 171 777 I 803 I 210 18 Cocos nucifera 165 044 101 047 77 102 17 Citrus sinensis 146 994 l 723 l 325 25 Eugenia caryophyllus 116 026 16 285 17 495 15 Citrus Limon 73 500 857 656 30 Mangifera indica 61 967 57 881 44565 26 Syzygium cuminii 57 731 7 497 8 077 28 Ficusspp. 51 533 4 797 3 695 8 Artocarpus heterophyllus 33 232 7 682 5 918

29 Hevea brasiliensis 32675 3 851 3 268 66 Eugenia malaccensis 31 541 911 701 23 Erythrophloeum suaveolens 30 414 268 357 68 Anacardium occidentale 20276 96 73 42 Tectona grandis 20 276 25 25 55 Psidium guajava 20 276 22 19 5 Annona senegalensis 17 740 952 557 12 Casuarina equisetifolia 14 648 844 717 22 Elaeis guineensis 13 801 5 485 4182 7 Artocarpus altilis 12 109 2 230 1 717 35 Pachystela msolo JO 138 22 16 38 Polysphaeria parvifolia 10 138 13 6 41 Tamarindus indica 5 067 608 733 43 Terminalia catappa 5 067 207 226 50 Sorindeia madagascariensis 2 535 l 405 796

B-area, m2/ha

0,10 0,02 0,01 0,04 2,20

13,15

B-area, m2/ha

0,03

O,D3 0,12 l,02 0,05 0,31 0,02 1,38 0,12 0,21

0,15 O,D7

0,02 O,Dl

0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,02 0,09 0,05 0,00 0,00 0,02

0,00 0,01

D(g), H(g), Number of stems/ha by diameter classes (cm) cm m < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50

32,8 11,9 0,00 0,00 l,00 0,44 0,00 0,00 14,5 9,0 0,00 l ,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 13,0 6,4 0,00 1,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 33,0 16,0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,44 0,00 0,00 31,7 10,8 426,72 27,85 7,85 3,54 0,44 1,32 28,7 11,6 584,33 101,80 105,46 40,68 1,33 3,54

D(g), H(g), Number of stems/ha by diameter classes (cm) cm m < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50

3,4 3,7 35,37 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 8,1 4,8 17,68 0,00 0,00 0,10 0,00 0,00

19,9 7,3 13,48 0,44 0,66 0,10 0,10 0,20 31,5 12,6 0,00 0,44 7,96 5,80 0,20 0,00 11,6 5,8 11,05 1,77 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 27,8 13,4 2,87 4,20 1,87 0,88 0,29 0,00

5,5 4,3 6,19 0,22 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 72,l 16,7 0,88 0,44 0,54 1,47 0,59 1,47 31 ,2 8,3 4,42 0,00 0,22 0,00 0,10 0,30 52,7 13,3 3,54 0,44 0,22 0,00 0,10 0,20 31,0 12,5 1,11 0,66 0,44 0,39 0,10 0,20 19,l 9,1 0,29 2,06 0,49 0,00 0,00 0,00 21 ,7 10,8 2,65 0,00 0,00 0,10 0,00 0,00

5,2 5,5 2,65 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 4,6 4,3 1,77 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,0 2,5 1,77 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 5,4 3,8 1,77 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

12,l 4,1 l,11 0,22 0,22 0,00 0,00 0,00 17,3 7,7 1,08 0,00 0,20 0,00 0,00 0,00 35,5 6,5 0,00 0,22 0,00 0,98 0,00 0,00 28,2 11 ,5 0,00 0,66 0,00 0,29 0,10 0,00

3,0 4,0 0,88 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,5 3,5 0,88 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

25,l 8,6 0,00 0,22 0,22 0,00 0,00 0,00 11,5 8,9 0,00 0,44 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 28,0 11,6 0,00 0,00 0,22 0,00 0,00 0,00

Code Species Number of Volume, Oven-dry B-area, D(g), H(g), Number of stems/ha by diameter classes (cm) stems m3 biom,tons m2/ha cm m < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50

46 Spondias cythera 2 535 366 280 O,QJ 22,0 11,0 0,00 0,00 0,22 0,00 0,00 0,00

39 Pterocarpus indicus 2 535 156 137 0,00 15,0 8,5 0,00 0,22 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

44 Trema orientalis 2 535 102 61 0,00 10,0 6,3 0,22 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

65 Annona muricata 2 535 102 61 0,00 10,0 6,5 0,22 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

16 Citrus reticulata 2 535 54 41 0,00 10,0 5,5 0,22 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

34 Pachystela brevipes 2 252 I 835 I 414 0,05 60,0 13,7 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,10 0,10

32 Milicia exelsa 1 127 I 077 831 0,02 54,0 17,5 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,10

13 Ceiba pentandra I 127 764 589 O,QJ 35,0 18,5 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,10 0,00 0,00

21 Durio zebethinus I 127 634 487 O,QJ 40,0 16,9 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,10 0,00 0,00

2 Acacia sp. 1 127 29 25 0,00 10,0 7,0 0,10 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

99 Other tree species 909 031 21 473 12 336 0,26 14,5 5,8 73,83 3,76 1,11 0,49 0,10 0,00

Total 2 663 494 246 029 192 094 4,14 44,8 12,5 186,04 16,43 14,59 10,81 1,77 2,65

°' .......

ANNEX 8. SPECIES OCCURENCE IN ZANZIBAR ISLANDS

This Annex presents the tree species results of the total woody biomass in both islands and separately for Unguja and Pemba island ordered by number of stems. These results include also Jozani and Ngezi forests and mangrove forests.

Species occurence in Zanzibar islands:

Code Botanical name Swahili name Number of Vol, m3 Bi om, stems tons

54 Euclea racemosa Msiliza 33 190 056 64 705 40921 38 Polysphaeria parvifolia Mlapaa 25 346 891 39 153 24644 34 Pachystela brevipes Mchochamke 22 273 582 72344 55 370 52 Maytenus mossambicensis Mnusi 18 819 226 83 464 51 332 59 Rhus natalensis Mkumba 16 642 405 28 658 18 262 49 Macphersonia gracilis Mjoma 15 400 673 37 866 23 708 5 Annona senegalensis Mtopetope 12 132 462 79 628 48 405 36 Parinari curatellifolia Mbura 11 832 331 121 397 122 349 48 Flueggea virosa Mkwamba 9 773 432 16 165 10 132 45 Vitex doniana Mfuu 8 619 205 60759 43 072 70 Uapaca guineensis Mchenza msitu 5 860 720 61 854 47 191 25 Eugenia caryophyllus Mkarafuu 5 833 090 775 321 831 469 28 Ficus spp. Mkuyu 5 739 741 29 300 22 473 18 Cocos nucifera Mnazi 5 206 366 4188 920 3 196 155 31 Margaritaria discoidea Mhina msitu 4972 057 9 776 6197 10 Bridelia micrantha Mkarati 3 910 591 72 215 55 481 56 Suregada zanzibariensis Mdimu msitu 3 803 769 5 638 3 617 50 Sorindeia madagascariensis Mpilipili doria 3 543 971 19 097 11 983 53 Rhus longipes Mchengele 3 343 403 7 038 4443 17 Citrus sinensis Mchungwa 2 998 852 28 423 21 874 44 Trema orientalis Mpesi 2 866 875 14534 9041 26 Syzygium cuminii Msambarau 2 636 440 385 028 413 101 55 Psidium guajava Mpera 2 410 278 1 338 1040 62 Terminalia boivinii Mkunguni 2 116 063 21 691 23 752 39 Pterocarpus indicus Mkekundu 2 112 132 8 186 7112 61 Dodonaea viscosa Mbebeta 2 010 653 2 979 1 931 30 Mangifera indica Muembe 1 563 752 705 800 543 137 15 Citrus Limon Mlimau 1277728 10 894 8 389 35 Pachystela msolo Mchocha dume 1 261 273 21 403 16 400 57 Tarenna pavettoides Ml ashore 1240256 2 648 1 621 23 Erythrophloeum suaveolens Mwavi 1 147 479 50 712 61 247 47 Sclerocarya birrea Mngongo 1044779 9 938 7 127 51 Lantana camara Mlakunguru 834 185 893 562 7 Artocarpus altilis Mshelisheli 822 683 132 275 101 855 2 Acacia sp. Mkeshia 738 758 13 461 12 066 4 Albizia gummifera Mgelenge 559 366 4472 3 816

37 Pinus caribaea Mbani 548 286 68 192 52127 29 Hevea brasiliensis Mpira 499 231 162 092 137 525 16 Citrus reticulata Mchenza 451 595 7 274 5 599 43 Terminalia catappa Mkungu 436 723 26 815 27 780

62

Code Botanical name Swahili name Number of Vol, m3 Bi om, stems tons

8 Artocarpus heterophyllus Mfenesi mfuu 430 958 86 199 66 349 40 Rauvolfia mombasiana Muwango 427 105 3 838 2 355 24 Eucalyptus spp. Mkaratusi 423 077 32037 33 607 68 Anacardium occidentale Mkorosho 418 622 9 923 7 634 19 Cordia alliodora Mkodia 334 680 8 507 5 342 58 Mallotus oppositifolius Mtumbika 322 515 1 511 1 047 11 Calophyllum inophyllum Mtondoo 246 410 27 445 20 431 22 Elaeis guineensis Mchilichi 172 088 87 622 66098 32 Milicia exelsa Mvule 161 319 12 210 9 226 14 Citrus aurantiifolia Mdimu 156 718 1 758 1 347 65 Annona muricata Mstafeli 138 552 3 699 2 198 33 Nephelium lappaceum Mshoki shoki 127 061 3 587 2 758 66 Eugenia malaccensis Mtufaa 126 513 7 652 5 897

JZ,NG Eugenia sp. Mkaaga 96 870 3 564 2 637 46 Spondias cythera Muembe wa kizungu 94212 17 271 13 294 9 Azadirachta indica Mtunda 93 792 793 608 6 Areca catechu Mpopoo 77 431 6 360 4853

NG Chrysalidocarpus pembanus Mpapindi 61920 4193 3 103 3 Adansonia digitata Mbuyu 56 622 539 149 301 944

NG Antiaris toxicaria Mgulele 56 400 32 401 23 977 12 Casuarina equisetifolia Mvinje 50 197 4193 3 480

JZ,NG Cremaspora triflora Mkanja 47 368 1 586 1 174 67 Afzelia quanzensis Mbambakofi 41 825 1 635 1 256 42 Tectona grandis Msaji 40039 767 575

JZ,NG Tabernaemontana sp. Mtonga mweupe 35 630 4464 3 303 NG Quassia undulata Mjoho 34920 47 872 35 425

JZ,NG Macaranga capensis Mkaranga 34413 3 938 2 914 JZ,NG Psychotria goetzei Mtimafuta 31 354 1 791 1 325

NG Funtumia africana Mtonga mweusi 26 040 2 357 1 744 69 Citrus grandis Mbalungi 24776 431 332 JZ Pandanus rabaiensis Mkadi 24112 6 787 5 022 NG Maesopsis eminii Msisi 23 580 16 367 12 112 NG Barringtonia racemosa Mtomondo mke 22 500 2 969 2 197

JZ, NG Diospyros consolatae Mjengo 21 891 1 569 1 161 JZ,NG Syzygium cordatum Ml a ti 21 660 9 506 7 034

NG Rawsonia lucida Mpera mwitu 19 500 843 624 13 Ceiba pentandra Msufi 19 197 29 309 22 574 JZ Blighia unijuga Mkukilemba 19 145 4490 3 323

JZ,NG Phoenix reclinata Mkindu 18 230 1 995 1 476 27 Ficus natalensis Mtonga mwitu 17 355 487 364

JZ Bersama abyssinica Mwangwakwao 12 937 915 677 NG Raphia farinifera Muale 12 480 10954 8 106

JZ,NG Croton sylvaticus Mdawadawa 11 806 3 697 2 736 64 Pyrostia bibracteata Mkonge 10 404 191 141

JZ,NG Antidesma venosum Mtimagoa 10 400 1 912 1 415

NG Xylocarpus granatum Mtonga pwani 10 140 942 697

NG Rauvolfia caffra Msesewe 9 480 734 543 JZ,NG Leptactina platyphylla Mbuni mwitu 8 830 399 295

21 Durio zebethinus Mdoriani 8 725 14574 11 222 NG Bombax rhodognaphalon Msufi mvitu 8 520 16 577 12267

63

Code Botanical name Swahili name Number of Vol, m3 Bi om, stems tons

JZ,NG Rapanea mealnophloeos Mkangalashamba 7 882 458 339 NG Ce/tis gomphophylla Mlamberga 7 560 4069 3 011 41 Tamarindus indica Mkwaju 7 260 3 280 3 742 NG Haplocoelum inoploeum Mtumbi 6 840 388 287

JZ,NG Ficus lutea Mtago 6 383 3 032 2244 JZ,NG Mystroxylon aethiopicum Mlimbolimbo 5 900 675 500 JZ,NG Anthogleista grandiflora Mkungu maji 5 564 1 453 1 075

NG Inhambanella henriquesii Msikundazi 5 340 1 471 1 089 JZ,NG Ficus exasperata Msasadume 5 116 1 725 1 277 JZ,NG Hibiscus tiliaceus Mkungu kienyeji 4885 449 332 JZ,NG Albizia adiantifolia Mgelenge 4557 I 548 1 146 JZ,NG Lannea schweinfurthii Muumbu 4420 1 609 1 191

NG Pandanus kirkii Mkadi 3 960 276 204 JZ,NG Apodytes dimidiata Muwongoti 3 923 503 372

20 Deinbollia borbonica Mkunguma 3 917 478 354 NG Polyscias fulva Mbirimbi mwitu 3 900 629 465

JZ,NG Drypetes natalensis Mjafari 3 447 170 126 NG H arungana madagascariensis Mdamudamu 3 240 346 256 JZ Ce/tis africana Kimungwe 2 587 797 590 JZ Mimusops obtusifolia Mgamobo kapu 2 532 193 143 JZ Monodora grandidieri Mchofu 2 422 176 130 NG Chrysophyllum lanceolatum Mkuti 2400 889 658 NG Rhizaphora mucronata Makondi 2400 272 201 NG Lumnitzera racemosa Mkandaa dume 2040 166 123 JZ Grewia sp. Mkole 2029 746 552 NG Cassipourea gummiflua Msikundazi I 980 960 710 JZ Allophylus sp. Mchembele 1 890 98 73 NG Terminalia ivorensis Mkungu india 1 800 1 615 1 195 NG Garcinia livingstonei Mutumbi 1620 103 76 NG Philippia mafiensis Mdamba 1 620 32 24 NG Bruguiera gymnorhiza Mui 1 560 388 287 NG Tapura fischeri Mtamamwitu 1 495 112 83 JZ Bourreria petiolaris Mpandajongoo 1 321 242 179 JZ Ozarea obovata Mng'ombe 1 321 123 91

JZ,NG Mkilua fragnans Mkilua 1 300 143 106 JZ,NG Casaeria gladiiformis Mdegepa 1 226 264 195 JZ,NG Dovyalis macrocalyx Mtumbua 1 221 60 44

JZ Euphorbia nyikae Kweche 1 211 78 58 NG Majidea zanguebarica Mchenya 1140 1 473 1 090 NG Manilkara sulcata Mchedi 1 080 238 176

JZ,NG Sideroxylon inerme Mkoko hara 1 050 341 252 NG Maeruasp. Mtundutundu 1 020 47 35 NG Olea capensis Mjafari 840 333 246 NG Breonadia microcephala Mgwina 840 35 26 JZ Encephalartos hildebrandtii Mgwede 771 481 356 JZ Albizia glaberrima Mgelenge 716 1 053 779

JZ,NG Turraea floribunda Mtamagoa 666 18 13 NG Xylopia aethiopica Mlawia 600 718 531 NG Mascarenhasia arborescens Mnyamaji 540 78 58

JZ,NG Cussonia zimmermannii Mpapei dume 520 124 92

64

Code Botanical name Swahili name Number of Vol, m3 Biom, stems tons

NG Zanha golungensis Mkwanga 480 337 249 NG Tarenna nigrescens 480 31 23 NG Ludia mauritiana Mfuwabe 480 18 13

JZ,NG Averrhoa sp. Mbirimbi 450 41 30 JZ Ochna sp. 450 18 13 NG Manilkara sansibarensis Mguvi 360 106 78 NG Alangium salviifolium Mavimavi 360 25 19 NG Keetia zanzibarica Ndapo 360 10 7 JZ Bequaertiodendron natalense Mduyuyu 345 104 77

JZ,NG M arkhamia zanzibarica Mtalawanda 345 70 52 JZ,NG Brexia madagascariensis Mfurugudu 280 8 6

JZ Pittosporum viridiflorum Mp an de 275 32 24 NG Khaya nyasica Mkangazi 240 13 10 NG A vicennia marina Mchu 240 9 7 NG Tabebuia pentaphylla Majani matano 240 7 5 NG Clerodendrum sp. Mnamia maji 240 5 4

JZ,NG Olea woodiana Mlimbo 235 97 72 JZ Pterigota sp. Mshunduzi 220 43 32 NG Schizozygia cojfaeoides Mtonga mwitu 120 39 29 NG Teclea simplicifolia Mchunguamwitu 120 25 19 NG Drypetes reticulata Mjafari 120 6 4

JZ,NG Sonneratia alba Mpira 115 153 113 JZ Trichilia emetica Mkungwina 110 76 56 JZ Strychnos angolensis Mvuje msitu 110 25 19 JZ Buttdavya nyasica Mvule maji 110 2 1 JZ Mildbraedia carpinifolia Mtapatapa 110 2 1 NG Dichrostachys cinera Mvunja choka 60 11 8 NG Flacourtia indica Mchongoma 60 2 1 NG H eritiera li ttoralis Msikundazi 60 1 1 JZ Vernonia zanzibarensis Mtumbaku mwitu 55 84 62 JZ Malacantha alnifolia Mguoguo 55 44 33 JZ Psiadia punctulata Mbebeta 55 3 2 JZ Dracaena steudneri Msanaka 55 1 1 JZ Psychotria holtzii Mangwe 55 1 1

Mangrove areas 36 795 469 641 100 474 414 Other tree species 143 626 584 1588660 933 494

65

Species occurence in Unguja island:

Code Botanical name Swahili name Number of Vol, m3 Bi om, stems tons

54 Euclea racemosa Msiliza 33 189 996 64 702 40 918 38 Polysphaeria parvifolia Mlapaa 22 935 721 31 444 19 972 34 Pachystela brevipes Mchochamke 20 468 571 47 155 36 310 52 Maytenus mossambicensis Mnusi 18 045 279 80 737 49 685 59 Rhus natalensis Mkumba 15 560 478 26324 16 786 49 Macphersonia gracilis Mjoma 15 392 604 37 831 23 687 5 Annona senegalensis Mtopetope 10 778 480 66 790 40 665 48 Flueggea virosa Mkwamba 7 104 559 8 538 5 521 56 Suregada zanzibariensis Mdimu msitu 3 573 519 4 822 3 080 28 Ficus spp. Mkuyu 3 571 714 6 697 5 093 50 Sorindeia madagascariensis Mpilipili doria 3 445 013 12 628 7 8 2 53 Rhus longipes Mchengele 3 343 343 7 036 44-t2

18 Cocos nucifera Mnazi 3317556 2 866 902 2 187 438 44 Trema orientalis Mpesi 2 702 889 13 955 8 655 10 Bridelia micrantha Mkarati 2 478 878 23 639 18 138 55 Psidium guajava Mpera 2 261 979 667 523 62 Terminalia boivinii Mkunguni 2 110 852 20 940 22968

61 Dodonaea viscosa Mbebeta 1998264 2 932 1900

17 Citrus sinensis Mchungwa 1 658 333 16 990 13 076 39 Pterocarpus indicus Mkekundu 1559075 4 717 4 111 45 Vitex doniana Mfuu 1487340 36 569 26 677 57 Tarenna pavettoides Mlashore 1239896 2 573 1 565 26 Syzygium cuminii Msambarau 1 107 043 189 382 203 021 47 Sclerocarya birrea Mngongo 1 003 485 8 039 5 765

25 Eugenia caryophyllus Mkarafuu 790 422 89 702 91 251 15 Citrus Limon Mlimau 774121 7 286 5 614j 51 Lantana camara Mlakunguru 735 070 789 495

2 Acacia sp. Mkeshia 683 125 11 350 10 176

30 Mangifera indica Muembe 643 799 232 256 178 834j 7 Artocarpus altilis Mshelisheli 626 969 103 519 79 700

37 Pinus caribaea Mbani 548 286 68 192 52 127

4 Albizia gummifera Mgelenge 458 329 2 995 2 555 24 Eucalyptus spp. Mkaratusi 423 017 32 033 33 604

31 Margaritaria discoidea Mhina msitu 397 806 469 294

16 Citrus reticulata Mchenza 349 944 6 758 5204

58 Mallotus oppositifolius Mtumbika 321 495 1 487 1 029

29 Hevea brasiliensis Mpira 276 444 109 005 92 484

36 Parinari curatellifolia Mbura 224950 9 163 9 236

40 Rauvolfia mombasiana Muwango 190 345 1 164 832

43 Terminalia catappa Mkungu 143 632 7 431 7 882

14 Citrus aurantiifolia Mdimu 140 199 1 696 1 300

8 Artocarpus heterophyllus Mfenesi mfuu 109 779 28 080 21604

11 Calophyllum inophyllum Mtondoo 96 813 25 187 18 724

JZ,NG Eugenia sp. Mkaaga 95 070 3 483 2 577

33 Nephelium lappaceum Mshoki shoki 94022 3 468 2664

46 Spondias cythera Muembe wa kizungu 88 002 15 623 12 028

66 Eugenia malaccensis Mtufaa 86 715 6445 4968

19 Cordia alliodora Mkodia 70662 2 324 1 431

66

Code Botanical name Swahili name Number of Vol, m3 Biom, stems tons

65 Annona muricata Mstafeli 65 809 2 009 1 187 9 Azadirachta indica Mtunda 64 981 235 182

32 Milicia exelsa Mvule 56 410 136 100 6 Areca catechu Mpopoo 42 749 1 724 1 315

67 Afzelia quanzensis Mbambakofi 41 345 1 300 1 008 35 Pachystela msolo Mchocha dume 31 028 107 78 12 Casuarina equisetifolia Mvinje 28 205 2 706 2 213 3 Adansonia digitata Mbuyu 26 809 156 957 87 897

JZ Pandanus rabaiensis Mkadi 24112 6787 5 022 42 Tectona grandis Msaji 19 763 742 549 22 Elaeis guineensis Mchilichi 17 616 19 145 14167

JZ,NG Phoenix reclinata Mkindu 16 790 1 861 1 377 JZ,NG Diospyros consolatae Mjengo 16 551 564 417

27 Ficus natalensis Mtonga mwitu 16 395 285 215 JZ,NG Psychotria goetzei Mtimafuta 15 634 624 462 JZ,NG Macaranga capensis Mkaranga 14313 779 576

JZ Bersama abyssinica Mwangwakwao 12 937 915 677 JZ,NG Syzygium cordatum Mlati 11 340 4500 3 330

64 Pyrostia bibracteata Mkonge 10 404 191 141 JZ,NG Rapanea mealnophloeos Mkangalashamba 7 762 452 334

JZ Blighia unijuga Mkukilemba 5 945 896 663 JZ,NG Mystroxylon aethiopicum Mlimbolimbo 5 120 567 420 JZ,NG Anthogleista grandiflora Mkungu maji 4844 1 304 965

13 Ceiba pentandra Msufi 4757 613 473 JZ,NG Ficus lutea Mtago 3 743 1 881 1 392 JZ,NG Apodytes dimidiata Muwongoti 3 083 441 326 JZ,NG Cremaspora triflora Mkanja 3 028 487 360 JZ,NG Albizia adiantifolia Mgelenge 2697 1 091 807

JZ Celtis africana Kimungwe 2587 797 590 JZ Mimusops obtusifolia Mgamobo kapu 2 532 193 143 JZ Monodora grandidieri Mchofu 2 422 176 130

JZ,NG Drypetes natalensis Mjafari 2 367 81 60 21 Durio zebethinus Mdoriani 2 091 6 622 5 098 JZ Grewiasp. Mkole 2029 746 552 20 Deinbollia borbonica Mkunguma 1 817 430 318 JZ Bourreria petiolaris Mpandajongoo 1 321 242 179 JZ Ozorea obovata Mng'ombe 1 321 123 91 JZ Euphorbia nyikae Kweche 1 211 78 58

JZ,NG Ficus exasperata Msasa dume 1 156 338 250 JZ,NG Dovyalis macrocalyx Mtumbua 1101 57 42 JZ,NG Casaeria gladiiformis Mdegepa 1046 246 182 JZ,NG Croton sylvaticus Mdawadawa 826 322 238

JZ Encephalartos hildebrandtii Mgwede 771 481 356 JZ Albizia glaberrima Mgelenge 716 1 053 779

JZ,NG Turraea floribunda Mtamagoa 606 12 9 JZ,NG Leptactina platyphylla Mbuni mwitu 550 32 24 JZ,NG Antidesma venosum Mtimagoa 440 46 34 JZ,NG Hibiscus tiliaceus Mkungu kienyeji 385 11 8 JZ,NG Sideroxylon inerme Mkoko bara 330 286 212 JZ,NG Averrhoa sp. Mbirimbi 330 34 25

67

Code Botanical name Swahili name Number of Vol, m3 Bi om, stems tons

JZ Ochna sp. 330 16 12 JZ Allophylus sp. Mchembele 330 4 3 JZ Pittosporum viridiflorum Mp an de 275 32 24

JZ,NG Lannea schweinfurthii Muumbu 220 345 255 JZ,NG Mkilua fragnans Mkilua 220 67 50

JZ Pterigota sp. Mshunduzi 220 43 32 JZ,NG Cussonia zimmermannii Mpapei dume 220 14 10 JZ,NG Brexia madagascariensis Mfurugudu 220 4 3 JZ,NG Markhamia zanzibarica Mtalawanda 165 9 7

JZ B equaertiodendron natalense Mduyuyu 165 4 3 JZ Trichilia emetica Mkungwina 110 76 56 JZ Strychnos angolensis Mvuje msitu 110 25 19 68 Anacardium occidentale Mkorosho 110 2 1 JZ Buttdavya nyasica Mvule maji 110 2 1 JZ Mildbraedia carpinifolia Mtapatapa 110 2 1

JZ,NG Tabernaemontana sp. Mtonga mweupe 110 1 1 JZ Vernonia zanzibarensis Mtumbaku mwitu 55 84 62 JZ Malacantha alnifolia Mguoguo 55 44 33 41 Tamarindus indica Mkwaju 55 13 10 JZ Psiadia punctulata Mbebeta 55 3 2 JZ Dracaena steudneri Msanaka 55 1 1

JZ,NG Olea woodiana Mlimbo 55 1 1 JZ Psychotria holtzii Mang we 55 1 1

JZ,NG Sonneratia alba Mpira 55 1 1 NG Tapura fischeri Mtamamwitu 55 1 1

Mangrove areas 11 516 446 205 000 151 700 Other tree species 110 959 101 1 160 025 686 108

Species occurence in Pemba island:

Code Botanical name Swahili name Number of Vol, m3 Bi om, stems tons

36 Parinari curatellifolia Mbura 11 607 381 112 234 113 113 45 Vitex doniana Mfuu 7 131 865 24190 16 394 70 Uapaca guineensis Mchenza msitu 5 860 720 61 854 47 191

25 Eugenia caryophyllus Mkarafuu 5 042 668 685 619 740 218 31 Margaritaria discoidea Mhina msitu 4574252 9 307 5 903 48 Flueggea virosa Mkwamba 2 668 874 7 627 4612 38 Polysphaeria parvifolia Mlapaa 2411170 7 709 4673

28 Ficus spp. Mkuyu 2 168 027 22 603 17 380 18 Cocos nucifera Mnazi 1 888 810 1 322 018 1008717 34 Pachystela brevipes Mchochamke 1 805 011 25 189 19 060

26 Syzygium cuminii Msambarau 1529397 195 646 210 080 10 Bridelia micrantha Mkarati 1 431 713 48 577 37 343

5 Annona senegalensis ~.1topetope 1 353 982 12 838 7741

17 Citrus sinensis Mchungwa 1340519 11 433 8 798 35 Pachystela msolo Mchocha dume 1230245 21 296 16 322

68

Code Botanical name Swahili name Number of Vol, m3 Biom, stems tons

23 Erythrophloeum suaveolens Mwavi 1 147 479 50 712 61247 59 Rhus natalensis Mkumba 1 081 927 2 334 1 475 30 Mangifera indica Muembe 919 952 473 545 364 303 52 Maytenus mossambicensis Mnusi 773 947 2 727 1 648 39 Pterocarpus indicus Mkekundu 553 057 3 468 3 001 15 Citrus Limon Mlimau 503 607 3 609 2 774 68 Anacardium occidentale Mkorosho 418 512 9 921 7 632 8 Artocarpus heterophyllus Mfenesi mfuu 321 179 58 120 44745

43 Terminalia catappa Mkungu 293 091 19 384 19 898 19 Cordia alliodora Mkodia 264 017 6182 3 911 40 Rauvolfia mombasiana Muwango 236 760 2674 1 522 56 Suregada zanzibariensis Mdimu msitu 230 250 815 537 29 Hevea brasiliensis Mpira 222 787 53 087 45 041 7 Artocarpus altilis Mshelisheli 195 714 28 756 22 155

44 Trema orientalis Mpesi 163 986 578 387 22 Elaeis guineensis Mchilichi 154 472 68 477 51 931 11 Calophyllum inophyllum Mtondoo 149 597 2 258 1 707 55 Psidium guajava Mpera 148 299 671 517 32 Milicia exelsa Mvule 104909 12074 9126 16 Citrus reticulata Mchenza 101 651 516 394 4 Albizia gummifera Mgelenge 101 037 1477 1 261

51 Lantana camara Mlakunguru 99116 104 67 50 Sorindeia madagascariensis Mpilipili doria 98 958 6 470 4141 65 Annona muricata Mstafeli 72 744 1 690 1 010 NG Chrysalidocarpus pembanus Mpapindi 61 920 4193 3 103 NG Antiaris toxicaria Mgulele 56 400 32 401 23 977

2 Acacia sp. Mkeshia 55 633 2 111 1 890 JZ,NG Cremaspora triflora Mkanja 44340 1 099 813

47 Sclerocarya birrea Mngongo 41 294 1 899 1 362 66 Eugenia malaccensis Mtufaa 39 798 1 207 929

JZ,NG Tabernaemontana sp. Mtonga mweupe 35 520 4463 3 303 NG Quassia undulata Mjoho 34920 47 872 35 425

6 Areca catechu Mpopoo 34682 4635 3 538 33 Nephelium lappaceum Mshoki shoki 33 039 119 93 3 Adansonia digitata Mbuyu 29 813 382 192 214047 9 Azadirachta indica Mtunda 28 811 558 427

NG Funtumia africana Mtonga mweusi 26040 2 357 1 744 69 Citrus grandis Mbalungi 24776 431 332 NG Maesopsis eminii Msisi 23 580 16 367 12 112 NG Barringtonia racemosa Mtomondo mke 22 500 2 969 2 197 12 Casuarina equisetifolia Mvinje 21 991 1 488 1 267 42 Tectona grandis Msaji 20276 25 25

JZ,NG Macaranga capensis Mkaranga 20100 3 159 2 338 NG Rawsonia lucida Mperamwitu 19 500 843 624 14 Citrus aurantiifolia Mdimu 16 519 62 47

JZ,NG Psychotria goetzei Mtimafuta 15 720 1 167 864 13 Ceiba pentandra Msufi 14439 28 696 22101 JZ Blighia unijuga Mkukilemba 13 200 3 594 2 660 NG Raphia farinifera Muale 12 480 10 954 8 106

69

Code Botanical name Swahili name Number of Vol, m3 Bi om, stems tons

61 Dodonaea viscosa Mbebeta 12 388 47 31 JZ,NG Croton sylvaticus Mdawadawa 10 980 3 375 2 498 JZ,NG Syzygium cordatum Mlati 10 320 5 006 3 704

NG Xylocarpus granatum Mtonga pwani 10 140 942 697 JZ,NG Antidesma venosum Mtimagoa 9 960 1 866 1 381

NG Rauvolfia caffra Msesewe 9 480 734 543 NG Bombax rhodognaphalon Msufi mvitu 8 520 16 577 12 267

JZ,NG Leptactina platyphylla Mbuni mwitu 8 280 367 272 49 Macphersonia gracilis Mjoma 8 069 34 22 NG Celtis gomphophylla Mlamberga 7 560 4069 3 011 41 Tamarindus indica Mkwaju 7 205 3 267 3 732 NG Haplocoelum inoploeum Mtumbi 6 840 388 287 21 Durio zebethinus Mdoriani 6 634 7 952 6 123 46 Spondias cythera Muembe wa kizungu 6 210 1 648 1 266 NG Inhambanella henriquesii Msikundazi 5 340 1 471 1 089

JZ,NG Diospyros consolatae Mjengo 5 340 1 005 744 62 Terminalia boivinii Mkunguni 5 211 750 784

JZ,NG Hibiscus tiliaceus Mkungu kienyeji 4500 438 324 JZ,NG Lannea schweinfarthii Muumbu 4200 1264 935 JZ,NG Ficus exasperata Msasa dume 3 960 1 387 1 026

NG Pandanus kirkii Mk a di 3 960 276 204 NG Polyscias falva Mbirimbi mwitu 3 900 629 465 NG Harungana madagascariensis Mdamudamu 3 240 346 256

JZ,NG Ficus lutea Mtago 2640 1 151 852 NG Chrysophyllum lanceolatum Mkuti 2 400 889 658 .· NG Rhizophora mucronata Makondi 2 400 272 201 20 Deinbollia borbonica Mkunguma 2100 48 36 NG Lumnitzera racemosa Mkandaa dume 2040 166 123 NG Cassipourea gummiflua Msikundazi 1 980 960 710

JZ,NG Albizia adiantifolia Mgelenge 1 860 457 338 NG Terminalia ivorensis Mkungu india 1 800 1 615 1 195

JZ,NG Eugenia sp. Mkaaga 1 800 81 60 NG Garcinia livingstonei Mutumbi 1 620 103 76 NG Philippia mafiensis Mdamba 1 620 32 24 NG Bruguiera gymnorhiza Mui 1560 388 287 JZ Allophylus sp. Mchembele 1 560 94 70

JZ,NG Phoenix reclinata Mkindu 1440 134 99 NG Tapura fischeri Mtamamwitu 1440 111 82 NG Majidea zanguebarica Mchenya 1 140 1 473 1 090

NG Manilkara sulcata Mchedi 1 080 238 176

JZ,NG Drypetes natalensis Mjafari 1 080 89 66 JZ,NG Mkilua fragnans Mkilua 1 080 76 56

NG Maeruasp. Mtundutundu 1020 47 35 58 Mallotus oppositifolius Mtumbika 1020 24 18

27 Ficus natalensis Mtonga mwitu 960 202 149

NG Olea capensis Mjafari 840 333 246

JZ,NG Apodytes dimidiata ivfuwongoti 840 62 46

NG Breonadia microcephala Mgwina 840 35 26

JZ,NG Mystroxylon aethiopicum Mlimbolimbo 780 108 80

70

Code Botanical name Swahili name Number of Vol, m3 Biom, stems tons

JZ,NG Anthogleista grandiflora Mkungu maji 720 149 110 JZ,NG Sideroxylon inerme Mkoko bara 720 55 41

NG Xylopia aethiopica Mlawia 600 718 531 NG Mascarenhasia arborescens Mnyamaji 540 78 58 NG Zanha golungensis Mkwanga 480 337 249 67 Afzelia quanzensis Mbambakofi 480 335 248 NG Tarenna nigrescens 480 31 23 NG Ludia mauritiana Mfuwabe 480 18 13 NG Manilkara sansibarensis Mguvi 360 106 78 57 Tarenna pavettoides Ml ashore 360 75 56 NG Alangium salviifolium Mavimavi 360 25 19 NG Keetia zanzibarica Ndapo 360 10 7

JZ,NG Cussonia zimmermannii Mpapei dume 300 110 81 NG Khaya nyasica Mkangazi 240 13 10 NG A vicennia marina Mchu 240 9 7 NG Tabebuia pentaphylla Majani matano 240 7 5 NG Clerodendrum sp. Mnamia maji 240 5 4 JZ Bequaertiodendron natalense Mduyuyu 180 100 74

JZ,NG Olea woodiana Mlimbo 180 96 71 JZ,NG Markhamia zanzibarica Mtalawanda 180 61 45 JZ,NG Casaeria gladiiformis Mdegepa 180 18 13

NG Schizazygia coffaeoides Mtonga mwitu 120 39 29 NG Teclea simplicifolia Mchunguamwitu 120 25 19

JZ,NG Averrhoa sp. Mbirimbi 120 7 5 NG Drypetes reticulata Mjafari 120 6 4

JZ,NG Rapanea mealnophloeos Mkangalashamba 120 6 4 JZ,NG Dovyalis macrocalyx Mtumbua 120 3 2

JZ Ochna sp. 120 2 1 JZ,NG Sonneratia alba Mpira 60 152 112

NG Dichrostachys cinera Mvunja choka 60 11 8 JZ,NG Turraea floribunda Mtamagoa 60 6 4

24 Eucalyptus spp. Mkaratusi 60 4 3 JZ,NG Brexia madagascariensis Mfurugudu 60 ~ 3

54 Euclea racemosa Msiliza 60 3 2 53 Rhus longipes Mchengele 60 2 1 NG Flacourtia indica Mchongoma 60 2 1 NG Heritiera littoralis Msikundazi 60 1 1

Mangrove areas 25 279 023 436100 322 714 Other tree species 32 667 483 428 635 247 386

71

ANNEX 9. FIELD CLUSTER RESULTS IN UNGUJA ISLAND

Cate- Cius- D(g), H(g), Stems Vol, Bio, Bas- Number of stems/ha by diameter classes gory ter cm m /ha m3/ha tons area, (cm)

/ha m2/ha <10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 > 50 l 4 S.4 4.1 637 3.1 2.0 0.9 636.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

l 22 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

l 50 27.0 9.7 19 2.S 1.8 0.8 0.0 8.0 8.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

l 63 2.4 2.9 127 0.1 0.1 0.1 127.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

l 76 19.9 12.7 11 l.3 l.3 0.3 0.0 7.1 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 llS 11.5 S.3 SOI 8.8 5.2 1.7 429.7 63.7 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 127 6.9 3.7 294 1.6 1.0 0.4 286.S 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

l 131 2.0 2.9 223 0.1 0.1 0.1 222.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 177 S.2 4.3 2212 8.1 S.1 2.4 2196.3 15.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 338 73.9 14.0 306 12.7 9.0 3.4 262.6 39.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5

l 361 10.5 6.2 5768 31.4 19.2 9.0 5697.6 31.8 31.8 7.1 0.0 0.0

1 398 8.1 S.9 17S9 8.3 5.3 2.4 1726.8 23.9 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 453 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 460 6.7 4.S 4014 7.6 4.7 2.2 4010.6 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

l 473 20.3 8.7 210 3.3 2.4 1.0 191.0 15.9 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

1 479 4.0 4.4 2196 S.7 3.6 1.9 2196.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 S13 9.7 7.S 743 10.8 9.7 3.0 668.6 74.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 541 3.7 3.8 3820 6.5 4.3 2.6 3819.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 SSS 4.1 4.3 S41 l.3 0.8 0.4 S41.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 SS7 13.S 9.5 S7 2.2 1.8 0.4 3S.4 21.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 565 2.8 3.3 2133 2.3 1.5 1.0 2132.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

l S84 lS.7 4.3 ll21 12.3 8.7 4.3 1034.5 63.7 19.5 0.0 3.5 0.0

l S89 6.8 S.S 4S4 2.3 1.7 0.7 44S.6 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

l 590 2.3 3.0 1560 l.3 0.8 0.6 1559.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

l 615 4.2 4.5 11069 24.7 16.1 8.3 11053.0 15.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 616 3.0 3.7 2387 3.4 2.2 l.3 2387.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

l 634 5.8 4.5 1576 6.1 3.8 1.7 1559.7 15.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

l 651 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 6S5 S.3 4.3 1472 5.6 3.5 1.6 1472.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

l 668 28.2 10.2 2600 20.7 20.8 4.5 2546.4 23.9 15.9 10.6 0.0 3.5

1 683 4.3 4.0 637 1.8 I.I 0.6 636.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 686 3.8 4.1 1401 2.9 l.8 l.0 1400.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

l 690 4.7 4.7 4186 10.S 6.7 3.3 4177.7 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

l 691 36.3 9.2 1534 69.0 39.l 7.5 1432.4 63.7 23.9 7.1 0.0 7.1

l 703 2.9 3.5 3597 4.8 3.4 l.9 3596.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

l 714 20.3 3.6 492 2.2 1.6 0.8 488.9 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

l 721 31.8 11.8 722 25.8 24.l 4.6 700.3 8.0 0.0 3.5 3.5 7.1

l 733 2.6 3.2 1719 1.9 1.2 0.8 1718.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

l 739 32.3 17.1 133 86.2 65.8 7.7 31.8 0.0 47.7 49.S 3.5 0.0

l 740 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

l 747 4.1 3.5 700 1.8 I.I 0.6 700.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

l 765 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 771 1 J.S 4.7 1309 4.6 2.7 1.0 130S.O 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

1 774 4.1 3.1 2SS 0.6 0.4 0.2 2S4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 784 lS.7 8.3 332S 8S.8 S0.8 14.2 2872.7 382.0 67.2 3.S 0.0 0.0

1 786 6.3 5.4 2936 12.5 7.9 3.4 2928.4 0.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

l 791 13.9 6.6 3887 11.7 9.9 3.5 3883.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5

l 792 27.0 10.1 290 2.0 J.S 0.6 286.S 0.0 0.0 3.S 0.0 0.0

1 806 8.3 S.6 4472 22.2 14.2 S.4 4432.3 23.9 lS.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

72

Cate- Cius- D(g), H(g), Stems Vol, Bio, Bas- Number of stems/ha by diameter classes gory ter cm m Iha m3/ha tons area, (cm)

Iha m2/ha < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 > 50 I 807 8.7 5.7 3263 21.3 13.2 5.0 3175.0 71.6 15.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 808 20.9 8.1 6007 47.1 34.7 10.5 5880.6 119.4 0.0 0.0 3.5 3.5

I 814 3.5 4.0 4838 9.2 6.1 3.3 4838.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 828 4.2 4.4 5196 13.I 8.5 4.3 5188.3 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 833 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 837 2.4 3.1 2292 2.1 1.4 0.9 2291.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 851 9.9 5.2 2072 7.3 4.4 1.7 2069.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

I 852 5.4 4.2 7643 15.7 9.9 4.9 7639.2 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

i 855 4.2 4.6 .6147 15.7 10.0 5.3 6146.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 868 5.2 4.7 1631 5.3 3.3 1.6 1623.3 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 869 3.1 3.5 3342 4.7 3.1 1.8 3342.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 876 8.7 6.1 5510 45.0 28.4 11.0 5355.4 151.2 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

1 881 5.7 4.7 5900 11.9 7.4 3.6 5892.1 0.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 898 9.0 6.4 7934 46.8 28.4 10.5 7742.7 175.1 15.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 902 3.3 3.7 3788 6.4 4.4 2.3 3787.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 913 5.6 5.2 7480 28.4 18.8 8.2 7384.6 95.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 934 3.9 4.2 2578 6.0 3.8 2.1 2578 .2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 939 13.6 6.5 5733 37.3 22.2 7.8 5657.8 71.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5

I 944 2.9 3.5 2451 3.5 2.3 1.4 2450.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 945 3.8 4.0 2355 4.2 2.7 1.5 2355.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 948 3.8 4.0 3286 5.3 3.5 2.1 3286.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 949 6.0 4.8 3804 13.7 8.7 3.9 3771.9 23.9 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 966 7.6 6.2 5332 35.4 22.0 8.6 5212.2 JI 1.4 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 992 3.6 3.8 1146 2.2 1.5 0.8 1145.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 993 4.4 4.4 4321 10.4 6.7 3.5 4305.0 15.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 1001 3.6 3.8 2674 5.5 3.5 2.0 2673.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 1006 7.9 3.8 875 2.4 1.7 0.8 859.4 15.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 1044 4.5 4.5 4114 9.8 6.3 3.1 4106.I 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 1051 2.4 2.4 159 0.1 0.1 0.1 159.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 1052 2.4 3.0 1432 1.3 0.8 0.6 1432.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 1060 36.0 4.1 150 13.5 8.5 2.0 127.3 0.0 15.9 3.5 3.5 0.0

1 1062 3.1 3.7 3183 4.9 3.2 1.9 3183.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

I 1070 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 6 2.0 2.0 32 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 19 2.3 3.1 350 0.3 0.2 0.1 350.l 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 29 5.6 3.3 159 0.7 0.4 0.2 159.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 33 2.2 3.2 2228 1.8 1.2 0.8 2228.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 39 9.1 4.6 2136 8.1 4.9 1.9 2132.6 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

2 54 12.6 6.3 990 3.9 2.6 1.2 986.7 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

2 74 25.6 6.4 107 4.3 2.4 0.5 95.5 8.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

2 88 53.3 10.6 425 7.3 7.4 1.6 413.8 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5

2 128 4.1 3.5 732 1.9 1.2 0.6 732.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 163 2.0 3.0 127 0.1 0.1 0.0 127.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 228 30.l 8.8 27 8.9 5.4 1.3 8.0 8.0 8.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

2 247 13.2 5.5 1317 11.2 6.8 2.3 1305.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0

2 340 14.0 7.5 6102 77.4 46.2 14.0 5832.9 238.7 15.9 10.6 0.0 3.5

2 359 18.0 7.3 3819 96.6 57.1 14.8 3453.6 222.8 138.8 3.5 0.0 0.0

2 403 4.3 4.3 8912 19.6 14.0 6.9 8888.5 23.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 456 10.6 6.4 2033 15.9 9.6 3.5 2005.3 23.9 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

2 478 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 535 7.1 5.7 2239 7.1 5.4 2.2 2203.4 35.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

73

Cate- Cius- D(g), H(g), Stems Vol, Bio, Bas- Number of stems/ha by diameter classes gory ter cm m Iha m3Jha tons area, (cm)

Iha m2Jha <10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 > 50 2 563 3.2 3.9 1050 1.5 0.9 0.6 1050.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 579 5.4 5.1 5180 18.0 11.6 5.9 5172.4 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 682 2.3 2.8 446 0.4 0.3 0.2 445.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 729 10.1 6.8 3859 30.8 21.8 7.3 3692.3 151.2 15.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 782 6.8 5.3 3334 13.9 8.8 3.7 3286.5 47.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 834 2.6 3.4 2515 2.7 1.7 I. I 2514.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 860 4.5 4.4 4385 11.2 7.0 3.6 4360.7 23.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 878 3.4 3.5 509 0.7 0.5 0.3 509.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 908 41.5 9.3 1754 8.3 6.0 2.8 1750.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5

2 918 2.0 2.8 255 0.2 0.1 0.1 254.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 927 14.1 8.1 4742 108.4 65.0 18.7 4106.1 580.9 51.3 3.5 0.0 0.0

2 953 6.8 5.9 6135 35.7 22.0 9.1 6000.0 135.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 954 7.0 5.7 8156 36.3 22.6 9.6 8053.0 103.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 958 3.3 3.9 1401 2.2 1.4 0.8 1400.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 969 5.0 3.9 5865 15.7 10.2 4.9 5856.7 0.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 973 3.0 3.6 8721 10.8 7.1 4.3 8721.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 995 10.4 6.3 6775 43.3 27.6 9.9 6652.5 71.6 47.7 3.5 0.0 0.0

2 1008 12.7 7.6 2980 54.0 32.9 10.0 2665.8 278.5 31.8 3.5 0.0 0.0

2 1015 4.1 4.2 5912 10.7 6.8 3.7 5896.5 15.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 1017 13.4 7.4 7255 83.I 50.6 15.7 6946.9 254.6 39.8 10.6 3.5 0.0

2 1020 10.8 7.7 5164 79.3 47.5 15.6 4694.9 453.6 15.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 1055 4.6 4.4 4576 10.8 6.8 3.5 4559.7 15.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 1069 4.5 3.8 99 0.3 0.3 0.1 99.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 1081 4.1 4.2 9080 18.0 11.4 6.2 9039.7 39.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 83 2.4 2.9 127 0.1 0.1 0.1 127.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 94 39.5 17.8 78 22.9 18.4 3.2 31.8 23.9 8.0 10.6 0.0 3.5

3 98 23.I 8.0 225 27.9 22.0 5.7 79.6 63.7 75.2 7.1 0.0 0.0

3 99 33.0 17.6 264 121.1 94.4 12.4 95.5 23.9 69.9 60.l 14.2 0.0

3 142 85.0 14.7 257 93.8 71.9 16.6 159.2 8.0 33.6 46.0 3.5 7.1

3 148 11.9 7.8 831 6.4 4.5 1.2 827.6 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

3 158 28.8 12.4 264 81.2 67.5 10.8 70.7 35.4 114.9 38.9 3.5 0.0

3 171 32.7 16.4 674 96.0 78.6 13.7 477.5 55.7 62.8 63.7 10.6 3.5

3 172 26.9 11.3 333 8.0 6.7 2.1 302.4 15.9 8.0 3.5 3.5 0.0

3 180 29.1 13.7 378 61.6 46.6 6.2 254.6 47.7 54.8 21.2 0.0 0.0

3 200 18.2 9.3 3469 52.2 37.5 9.2 3350.I 55.7 34.5 28.3 0.0 0.0

3 203 19.6 8.9 1035 32.3 21.7 6.3 939.0 55.7 23.0 17.7 0.0 0.0

3 204 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 217 33.0 14.2 97 73.4 56.0 7.5 0.0 0.0 51.3 42.5 3.5 0.0

3 224 28.2 17.1 1880 140.9 107.4 13.0 1702.9 39.8 62.8 67.2 7.1 0.0

3 233 33.1 13.7 187 70.7 53.7 8.0 71.6 23.9 35.4 53.1 0.0 3.5

3 245 49.6 11.7 1309 19.7 19.5 4.0 1305.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5

3 250 26.4 16.9 2615 138.5 104.6 12.9 2466.8 15.9 58.4 74.3 0.0 0.0

3 261 32.5 11.6 113 72.9 57.1 9.0 0.0 0.0 38.9 74.3 0.0 0.0

3 269 38.0 12.9 78 10.6 8.4 2.9 31.8 23.9 8.0 10.6 0.0 3.5

3 290 23.8 12.1 3051 53.1 40.2 6.3 2992.0 0.0 31.0 24.8 3.5 0.0

3 295 103.3 20.6 2235 89.3 89.4 12.9 2124.7 87.5 19.5 0.0 0.0 3.5

3 306 23.7 10.4 1395 17.3 12.8 2.9 1368.7 15.9 0.0 3.5 7.1 0.0

3 307 32.4 16.0 1182 69.9 53.I 7.6 1090.2 15.9 19.5 49.5 7.1 0.0

3 312 32.3 17.7 621 224.0 170.9 21.9 358.I 8.0 120.3 127.4 7.1 0.0

3 315 13.5 8.9 1814 29.8 22.8 8.0 1567.6 206.0 40.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

74

Cate- Cius- D(g), H(g), Stems Vol, Bio, Bas- Number of stems/ha by diameter classes gory ter cm m /ha m3/ha tons area, (cm)

/ha m2/ha < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >so 3 316 11.4 7.2 723 11.9 9.3 2.8 620.7 91.1 11.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 325 30.8 14.7 1332 135.7 103.5 14.2 1145.9 47.7 38.9 92.0 7.1 0.0

3 334 36.4 17.7 429 175.3 138.0 23.1 95.5 95.5 85.8 134.4 10.6 7.1

3 344 27.6 10.9 39 14.8 12.0 1.8 0.0 15.9 15.9 7.1 0.0 0.0

3 353 45.7 16.2 241 175.0 133.7 21.2 8.0 47.7 61.9 84.9 31.8 7.1

3 367 32.1 15.0 362 128.7 97.8 13.0 175.1 47.7 43.3 88.4 7.1 0.0

3 391 24.8 13.3 449 60.5 60.7 12.3 175.1 103.5 142.4 28.3 0.0 0.0

3 412 35.8 16.0 485 205 .8 157.3 22.8 191.0 79.6 61.9 116.7 28.3 7.1

3 414 51.1 18.7 772 222.4 170.6 32.9 405.8 111.4 106.1 106.1 17.7 24.8

3 415 37.9 16.4 21 7 185.5 142.7 20.3 8.0 15.9 30.J 116.7 38.9 7.1

3 425 56.2 19.0 1358 136.5 113.6 18.5 1233.4 15.9 27.4 60.1 7.1 14.2

3 426 52.7 20.4 43 73.7 48.5 5.2 0.0 0.0 8.0 31.8 0.0 3.5

3 429 35.3 14.7 506 88.6 69.4 11.5 382.0 15.9 30.1 63.7 10.6 3.5

3 446 32.4 19.5 443 186.5 144.3 18.0 167.1 71.6 87.5 102.6 14.2 0.0

3 454 43.4 14.1 700 212.8 164.6 28.8 358.1 55.7 109.6 155.7 17.7 3.5

3 474 35.2 18.0 477 137.2 104.9 15.9 254.6 71.6 54.8 84.9 7.1 3.5

3 503 28 .7 13.9 47 25.J 19.2 2.5 0.0 8.0 31.8 7.1 0.0 0.0

3 525 34.7 16.6 142 112.5 85.9 11.3 8.0 15.9 30.1 77.8 10.6 0.0

3 552 31.5 16.2 222 129.2 99.5 12.7 15.9 63.7 85.8 46.0 10.6 0.0

3 553 34.0 20.6 214 193.0 147.3 16.5 0.0 31.8 54.8 116.7 10.6 0.0

3 598 29.8 14.0 15 11.1 8.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 11.5 3.5 0.0 0.0

3 607 33.5 16.0 292 195.5 149.0 19.2 31.8 39.8 107.0 92.0 17.7 3.5

3 608 31.9 14.l 1441 67.4 51.4 9.3 1305.0 55.7 34.5 35.4 7.1 3.5

3 624 31.2 13.4 11 57 72.1 55.J 8.3 1050.4 15.9 19.5 70.8 0.0 0.0

3 627 33.2 13.8 485 115.8 88.4 12.6 318.3 39.8 27.4 95.5 3.5 0.0

3 676 42.8 20.3 161 159.9 122.l 15.0 0.0 8.0 53.9 92.0 3.5 3.5

3 711 32.6 13.8 2485 65.0 48.3 9.7 2395.2 39.8 8.0 21.2 17.7 3.5

3 738 63.9 21.0 335 103.5 79.3 18.9 159.2 79.6 15.0 63.7 3.5 14.2

3 767 29.2 19.5 798 130.l 99.2 10.7 636.6 31.8 73.4 56.6 0.0 0.0

3 793 31.5 14.6 646 102.0 77.8 10.8 509.3 8.0 51.3 77.8 0.0 0.0

3 866 54.2 17.l 1227 101.5 77.9 16.6 1090.2 23.9 31.8 63.7 3.5 14.2

3 870 30.4 13.7 1580 61.9 47.2 7.2 1496.0 8.0 26.5 42.5 7.1 0.0

3 1035 15.7 5.6 772 11.8 9.0 2.8 724.l 23.9 23.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 1037 45.0 14.8 74 42.6 32.6 7.1 0.0 8.0 23.9 31.8 7.1 3.5

3 1066 72.7 14.6 556 43.4 33.l 8.9 51 7.2 0.0 3.5 24.8 0.0 10.6

3 1082 25.4 10.5 598 28.4 20.7 5.5 509.3 23.9 39.8 24.8 0.0 0.0

4 276 29.3 15.4 272 101.4 86.0 16.0 3.5 38.9 145.0 84.9 0.0 0.0

4 296 30.6 16.2 248 111 .8 94.8 17. 1 0.0 0.0 162.7 77.8 7.1 0.0

4 443 17.0 9.6 1438 25.0 23.4 7.2 1195.4 206.9 31.8 3.5 0.0 0.0

4 482 18.5 12.7 1916 232.3 164.4 34.2 504.0 1208.9 199.9 0.0 3.5 0.0

4 749 3.1 3.5 5156 6.6 4.3 2.7 5156.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

4 775 8.7 5.8 2769 9.9 6.5 3.0 2705.6 55.7 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

4 801 6.2 5.0 2021 5.7 3.8 2.2 2005.3 15.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

4 803 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

4 822 4.7 4.0 995 2.7 1.7 0.9 994.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

4 846 4.5 5.8 5427 12.9 8.5 4.3 5419.1 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 67 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 111 25.7 9.8 158 11.6 8.8 1.5 127.3 8.0 15.9 7.1 0.0 0.0

5 121 31.8 12.9 82 14.4 11.0 1.6 63.7 0.0 8.0 10.6 0.0 0.0

5 137 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 157 37.l 15.7 319 99.5 76.4 16.I 95.5 63.7 78.7 60.I 14.2 7.1

75

Cate- Cius- D(g), H(g), Stems Vol, Bio, Bas- Number of stems/ha by diameter classes gory ter cm m /ha m3/ha tons area, (cm)

/ha m2/ha < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 > 50 5 183 25.3 7.9 27 9.3 7.1 1.3 0.0 8.0 19.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 185 31.1 13.8 435 63.2 49.7 7.5 318.3 39.8 34.5 42.5 0.0 0.0

5 194 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 209 36.4 16.9 101 92.4 70.6 9.5 0.0 8.0 8.0 74.3 10.6 0.0

5 219 18.9 14.2 732 54.4 56.9 I 1.2 350.2 275.9 106.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 227 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 235 38.0 7.5 584 9.2 6.8 2.2 572.9 0.0 0.0 3.5 3.5 3.5

5 240 34.3 12.3 186 32.3 25.9 5.2 127.3 8.0 I 1.5 28.3 10.6 0.0

5 246 4.6 4.5 1313 4.0 2.5 1.3 1313.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 278 69.2 19.3 141 33.3 35.9 4.8 127.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 10.6

5 279 145.7 25.5 19 84.0 84.I 12.1 0.0 8.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 7.1

5 310 25.2 13.1 1336 50.5 39.2 5.8 1273.2 0.0 31.0 31.8 0.0 0.0

5 331 39.3 I 1.9 19 12.8 9.8 2.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 3.5 7.1 0.0

5 336 76.7 14.6 44 28.8 22.1 6.3 0.0 8.0 8.0 24.8 0.0 3.5

5 356 5.7 3.9 517 1.7 I.I 0.7 509.3 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 370 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 377 2.0 2.4 318 0.2 0.1 0.1 318.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 383 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 388 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 445 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 485 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 528 33.5 12.1 112 24.3 18.5 3.2 63.7 15.9 8.0 21.2 3.5 0.0

5 544 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 568 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 597 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 632 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 659 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 675 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 687 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 772 29.7 3.1 162 7.1 5.4 2.7 127.3 0.0 23.9 10.6 0.0 0.0

Cate- Cius- D(g), H(g), Stems Vol, Bio, Bas- Number of stems/ha by diameter classes gory ter cm m /ha m3/ha tons area, (cm)

/ha m2/ha < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 > 50 I 82 10.0 5.4 2391 I 1.9 7.9 2.8 2362.8 21.9 4.0 1.4 0.2 0.4

2 42 9.8 5.2 3140 20.5 12.8 4.5 3063.9 65.6 8.9 1.3 0.2 0.3

3 62 35.1 14.4 747 89.3 69.2 10.9 609.4 36.0 42.6 50.7 6.0 2.7

4 10 13.6 8.7 2024 50.8 39.3 8.7 1798.4 153.4 54.7 16.6 I.I 0.0

5 35 37.4 11.6 189 18.1 15.2 2.7 153.9 12.9 10.3 9.2 1.5 0.9

76

ANNEX 10. FIELD CLUSTER RESULTS IN PEMBA ISLAND

Cate- Cius- D(g), H(g), Stems Vol, Bio, Bas- Number of stems/ha by diameter classes gory ter cm m Iha m3/ha tons area, (cm)

Iha m2/ha <10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >so 1 1154 2.0 2.0 32 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1191 3.7 3.7 573 1.4 0.9 0.5 572.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1231 3.4 3.7 350 0.6 0.4 0.2 350.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1276 10.9 3.3 1086 2.6 1.8 1.0 1082.2 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 1 1441 8.8 5.2 1436 3.8 2.5 1.3 1432.4 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1493 28 .7 7.9 954 13.3 8.3 2.9 923.1 8.0 15.9 0.0 7.1 0.0 I 1604 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 I 1629 2.2 2.9 859 0.7 0.4 0.3 859.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 1706 6.2 5.0 2570 11.4 7.2 3.6 2562.3 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 I 2098 3.6 3.0 286 0.3 0.2 0.2 286.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 1213 7.0 4.8 1886 7.2 4.4 1.9 1854.1 31.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 1254 54.3 8.2 163 16.3 8.9 1.3 159.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 2 1299 13.6 6.5 3286 80.8 47.7 14.0 2864.7 366.0 47.7 7.1 0.0 0.0 2 1442 2.3 2.6 350 0.3 0.2 0.1 350.I 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 1459 5.9 3.8 4934 10.2 6.3 3.0 4901.8 31.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 1545 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 1562 8.1 5.1 3438 20.0 12.1 4.8 3366.0 63.7 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 1618 8.2 4.9 3931 19.3 11.7 4.6 3883.3 39.8 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 1676 60.1 15.3 1641 42.0 35.8 9.4 1591.5 15.9 15.9 0.0 7.1 10.6 2 1913 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 2043 9.4 4.6 271 2.8 1.7 0.6 254.6 15.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 2083 2.0 2.0 32 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 2099 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 1092 19.2 10.7 838 12.7 10.0 2.7 771.9 43.3 19.5 0.0 3.5 0.0 3 1103 13.0 5.9 103 3.6 2.1 0.6 63.7 39.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 1112 67.9 18.9 259 99.2 86.7 13.8 159.2 15.9 38.0 28.3 3.5 14.2 3 1113 32.4 13.3 149 89.1 69.7 10.2 0.0 15.9 90.2 31.8 10.6 0.0 3 1114 55.7 18.2 151 136.1 104.0 14.3 0.0 15.9 50.4 77.8 3.5 3.5 3 1119 29.7 28.3 83 30.2 23.I 5.0 0.0 23.9 27.4 31.8 0.0 0.0 3 II24 31.9 17.1 273 128.7 100.6 13.2 71.6 39.8 76.9 74.3 10.6 0.0 3 1166 112.3 30.3 102 57.1 48.9 9.0 63.7 15.9 8.0 0.0 7.1 7.1 3 1169 22.0 8.4 206 16.8 12.3 3.1 71.6 127.3 0.0 3.5 3.5 0.0 3 1194 59.1 15.3 15 12.9 9.9 2.3 0.0 0.0 8.0 3.5 0.0 3.5 3 1201 38.9 16.3 130 78.7 59.6 11.4 0.0 8.0 58.4 42.5 14.2 7.1 3 1223 96. I 17.6 87 60.5 46.4 16.3 0.0 31.8 19.5 14.2 7.1 14.2 3 1234 32.9 13.3 1679 68.3 47.0 18.2 1328.9 191.0 106.1 38.9 3.5 10.6 3 1236 73.7 18.5 342 104.5 80.4 20.8 222.8 31.8 23.9 21.2 10.6 31.8 3 1237 28.5 14.3 415 77.1 68.3 11.8 214.9 31.8 125.6 35.4 7.1 0.0 3 1241 23.l 11.7 882 28.5 26.4 5.7 771.9 31.8 67.2 10.6 0.0 0.0 3 1246 42.2 16.5 233 58.9 60.7 13.0 31.8 71.6 79.6 35.4 3.5 10.6

3 1260 23.1 11.2 479 31.7 30.6 6.5 318.3 87.5 59.2 14.2 0.0 0.0 3 1274 34.3 13.8 316 153.3 116.9 16.2 127.3 8.0 60.1 106.1 14.2 0.0 3 1275 29.6 9.7 199 80.0 61.0 10.3 31.8 15.9 112.3 35.4 3.5 0.0

3 1281 34.7 16.0 280 68.0 72.6 13.7 95.5 39.8 67.2 60.l 14.2 3.5

3 1284 21.8 11.6 2133 61.0 57.9 13.7 1830.2 151.2 122.9 28.3 0.0 0.0

3 1291 35.3 9.3 177 27.6 21.8 4.9 95.5 31.8 35.4 10.6 0.0 3.5

3 1300 12.5 6.8 1332 29.2 18.3 5.6 1161.8 167.1 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 1305 29.5 11.5 1259 51.9 48.9 11.8 1018.6 143.2 54.8 31.8 7.1 3.5

3 1309 35.3 11.2 2679 35.8 33.7 9.6 2526.1 111.4 23.9 14.2 0.0 3.5

3 1319 18.2 6.2 1057 21.0 14.0 4.3 994.7 31.8 19.5 10.6 0.0 0.0

3 1323 40.9 13.9 2292 102.9 77.8 13.6 2116.7 119.4 27.4 10.6 3.5 14.2

3 1325 17.2 9.7 2370 32.3 32.5 8.8 2132.6 175.1 55.7 7.1 0.0 0.0

3 1330 73.3 18.7 688 122.1 96.4 19.1 566.8 15.0 46.0 35.4 7.1 17.7 3 1345 31.3 12.9 246 22.5 20.7 5.4 135.3 39.8 63.7 3.5 0.0 3.5

77

Cate- Cius- D(g), H(g), Stems Vol, Bio, Bas- Number of stems/ha by diameter classes gory ter cm m /ha m3/ha tons area, (cm)

/ha m2/ha < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 > 50 3 1346 72.3 18.0 151 55.4 42.8 12.8 95.5 8.0 15.9 7.1 3.5 21.2

3 1347 36.3 13.l 882 32.8 29.9 8.6 779.8 47.7 19.5 28.3 0.0 7.1

3 1353 26.6 10.4 441 39.6 30.3 5.0 382.0 0.0 27.4 31.8 0.0 0.0

3 1357 28.7 9.8 3291 32.3 29.6 9.0 3135.3 127.3 3.5 17.7 3.5 3.5

3 1367 29.6 15.3 729 90.8 69.l 9.4 580.9 39.8 61.9 42.5 0.0 3.5

3 1370 24.2 9.1 463 18.7 14.4 3.8 382.0 55.7 15.0 7.1 3.5 0.0

3 1371 47.4 13.2 194 I 15.7 87.5 16.2 8.0 8.0 107.0 63.7 0.0 7.1

3 1378 39.6 16.4 537 73.1 67.7 I 1.7 397.9 31.8 46.9 49.5 3.5 7.1

3 1384 20.0 10.9 441 14.6 13.6 4.0 350.1 55.7 31.8 3.5 0.0 0.0

3 1388 30.3 15.9 192 47.0 35.9 4.3 127.3 8.0 31.8 21.2 3.5 0.0

3 1396 33.4 10.2 66 10.7 12.3 3.6 0.0 15.9 43.3 0.0 3.5 3.5

3 1413 94.3 15.1 252 29.4 22.6 7.3 222.8 8.0 0.0 14.2 0.0 7.1

3 1413 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 1448 29.4 6.4 1582 25.3 21.0 8.4 1472.1 63.7 0.0 31.8 14.2 0.0

3 1451 9.3 6.6 5200 11.1 10.5 6.7 5132.6 39.8 23.9 3.5 0.0 0.0

3 1453 45.7 11.7 92 23.4 17.9 5.3 31.8 15.9 23.0 14.2 3.5 3.5

3 1471 47.5 10.6 308 19.1 15.4 6.3 222.8 39.8 23.9 14.2 3.5 3.5

3 1498 34.9 10.9 1925 33.1 29.1 8.7 1742.7 143.2 31.8 0.0 0.0 7.1

3 1503 20.4 10.9 1851 31.0 32.8 8.1 1663.l 95 .5 75.2 17.7 0.0 0.0

3 1519 19.4 10.8 5477 84.9 74.0 18.0 5068.9 230.8 142.4 35.4 0.0 0.0

3 1520 20.5 10.5 2301 26.0 27.3 6.2 2220.1 31.8 31.0 14.2 3.5 0.0

3 1532 49.1 16.7 646 31.3 34.4 6.9 580.9 15.9 35.4 3.5 3.5 7.1

3 1534 27.6 14.9 47 17.7 14.l 2.3 0.0 15.9 27.4 3.5 0.0 0.0

3 1542 48.4 21.3 58 48.3 39.7 6.4 0.0 8.0 8.0 35.4 0.0 7.1

3 1547 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 1549 19.9 10.5 2105 33.9 29.7 6.9 1985.0 71.6 27.4 21.2 0.0 0.0

3 1553 22.3 I l.7 544 25.5 22.0 5.0 413.8 71.6 51.3 7.1 0.0 0.0

3 1564 19.2 11.3 3091 47.8 42.8 19.1 2554.4 405.8 102.6 28.3 0.0 0.0

3 1567 40.0 19.9 648 123.9 99.3 14.6 477.5 31.8 57.5 74.3 0.0 7.1

3 1569 21.2 10.6 437 19.2 18.5 4.2 302.4 111.4 15.9 7.1 0.0 0.0

3 1570 44.8 15.1 2095 76.4 60.0 I 1.5 1941.6 79.6 35.4 31.8 0.0 7.1

3 1571 40.1 10.8 424 41.2 31.1 6.5 350.1 15.9 23.0 28.3 3.5 3.5

3 1578 13.5 6.9 2844 l l.6 11.2 4.7 2769.2 47.7 23.9 3.5 0.0 0.0

3 1579 13.9 13.9 2088 19.6 17.2 7.5 1989.4 63.7 31.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

3 1595 I 1.5 6.6 4388 22.4 18.6 8.1 4193.6 159.2 35.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 1598 22.5 11.2 989 41.9 38.3 7.8 795.8 127.3 55.7 7. 1 0.0 3.5

3 1600 82.2 15.3 237 35.3 27.2 7.5 191.0 23 .9 8.0 7.1 3.5 3.5

3 1611 20.9 10.7 Il37 30.6 32.0 7.8 875.3 183.0 75.2 0.0 3.5 0.0

3 1615 37.9 15.I 1298 58.2 44.0 10.l 1209.5 8.0 31.0 24.8 17.7 7.1

3 1619 81.9 17.6 322 I 10.3 85.7 17.5 191.0 15.9 54.8 49.5 3.5 7.1

3 1621 36.9 15.8 148 32.3 25.3 5.8 63.7 23.9 31.8 17.7 7.1 3.5

3 1624 97.9 19.9 133 64.9 49.7 9.3 67.2 8.0 46.9 7.1 0.0 3.5

3 1625 37.1 15.0 278 II 1.9 85.3 13.5 95.5 31.8 83.I 53.I 10.6 3.5

3 1633 20.9 10.6 397 14.3 15.7 3.6 286.5 55.7 47.7 7.1 0.0 0.0

3 1643 38.6 7.1 7 4.1 3.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 3.5 0.0

3 1648 31.1 12.6 377 8.5 6.9 1.7 350.I 15.9 0.0 7.l 3.5 0.0

3 1652 26.1 12.2 1789 81.9 77.7 15.8 1504.0 127.3 97.3 49.5 10.6 0.0

3 1661 6.2 3.6 676 0.5 0.4 1.0 668.4 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 1667 21.7 9.6 492 12.1 10.3 2.7 445.6 23 .9 11.5 10.6 0.0 0.0

3 1673 67.5 18.1 349 59.9 48.8 13.0 286.5 0.0 23.9 7.1 7.1 24.8

3 1681 50.7 13.6 681 39.3 35.9 9.1 541.1 87.5 23.9 21.2 0.0 7.1

3 1698 12.4 6.8 16II 10.7 9.3 3.4 1527.8 79.6 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

3 1700 59.4 13.0 278 18.6 16.6 5.7 198.9 55.7 15.9 0.0 0.0 7.1

3 1703 22.3 8.6 1134 I 1.2 9.5 3.1 1082.2 31.8 15.9 0.0 3.5 0.0

3 1727 5.9 4.5 6080 20.6 14.5 6.6 6023.8 47.7 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 1734 29.5 16.9 300 126.0 102.2 12.1 103.5 23.9 126.4 42.5 3.5 0.0

78

Cate- Cius- D(g), H(g), Stems Vol, Bio, Bas- Number of stems/ha by diameter classes gory ter cm m /ha m3/ha tons area, (cm)

/ha m2/ha < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >so 3 1744 21.2 4.2 529 5.8 4.7 2.2 493.4 23.9 8.0 0.0 3.5 0.0

3 1757 125.5 16.2 1324 64.2 49.8 13.1 1305.0 0.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 10.6

3 1790 12.0 6.4 3048 25.l 16.4 6.2 2872.7 159.2 15.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 1792 20.6 8.8 1805 18.3 18.0 5.2 1718.8 39.8 31.8 14.2 0.0 0.0

3 1809 30.4 12.4 905 58.8 57.2 13.0 636.6 151.2 75.2 21.2 17.7 3.5

3 1822 20.6 11.2 1145 20.5 16.6 4.9 1026.5 55.7 59.2 3.5 0.0 0.0

3 1828 64.1 12.6 1821 75.8 68.9 15.6 1695.0 87.5 0.0 3.5 10.6 24.8

3 1829 40.3 15.9 65 54.1 41.3 7.2 0.0 8.0 8.0 31.8 17.7 0.0 3 1833 20.3 9.4 6230 66.3 67.2 17.0 5976.1 167.1 79.6 3.5 0.0 3.5

3 1843 28.6 14.8 340 14.2 13.2 4.4 254.6 47.7 23.9 7.1 7.1 0.0

3 1845 39.4 13.5 1188 49.0 46.l 8.4 1114.l 23.9 11.5 17.7 10.6 10.6

3 1853 24.9 13.9 1634 85.0 76.8 23.7 1066.3 246.7 253.8 63.7 3.5 0.0

3 1859 84.8 13.9 528 24.5 19.6 6.2 477.5 23.9 15.9 3.5 3.5 3.5

3 1860 17.4 7.9 2608 22.2 17.7 6.0 2522.5 39.8 35.4 10.6 0.0 0.0

3 1863 16.6 8.0 3821 32.9 22.6 8.5 3668.4 95.5 39.8 17.7 0.0 0.0

3 1872 34.3 16.4 143 73.4 62.9 10.8 0.0 23.9 55.7 49.5 14.2 0.0

3 1905 35.8 13.9 1089 30.5 26.6 7.4 1002.7 31.8 15.9 28.3 3.5 7.1

3 1907 44.1 15.4 1680 137.9 119.3 27.4 1313.0 119.4 162.7 60.1 7.1 17.7

3 1914 55.3 14.8 897 50.7 65.6 12.3 732.l 79.6 43.3 35.4 3.5 3.5

3 1919 50.8 17.2 330 122.0 102.1 15.9 191.0 39.8 35.4 38.9 7.1 17.7

3 1924 23.9 10.3 612 31.3 29.9 6.7 445.6 111.4 19.5 35.4 0.0 0.0

3 1936 33.9 13.3 598 41.1 40.1 9.7 382.0 151.2 39.8 10.6 7.1 7.1

3 1950 40.2 19.0 533 108.3 83.8 13.2 326.3 95.5 58.4 38.9 7.1 7.1

3 1958 28.I 13.3 1185 28.4 27.6 6.1 1114.1 8.0 38.0 21.2 3.5 0.0

3 1967 54.2 14.6 866 80.2 62.7 14.9 756.0 8.0 41.6 35.4 14.2 10.6

3 1973 28.I 13.8 898 50.3 50.7 10.6 668.4 111.4 79.6 24.8 14.2 0.0

3 1976 28.5 14.2 1653 64.9 48.9 20.9 1241.4 191.0 138.8 74.3 0.0 7.1

3 1977 25.2 10.4 2959 34.1 33.9 8.3 2872.7 23.9 34.5 24.8 0.0 3.5

3 1980 28.1 14.8 355 36.4 34.7 7.0 222.8 23.9 79.6 24.8 3.5 0.0

3 1981 30.I 13.7 105 19.6 21.8 4.5 8.0 55.7 23.9 17.7 0.0 0.0

3 1997 32.0 16.J 355 112.9 111.9 20.4 63.7 31.8 160.9 77.8 17.7 3.5

3 1998 33.1 13.I 134 27.I 32.7 6.6 39.8 23.9 31.8 35.4 0.0 3.5

3 2000 29.7 12.8 590 59.0 52.3 11.6 318.3 127.3 119.4 17.7 0.0 7.1

3 2001 64.9 17.7 270 77.1 59.3 13.4 135.3 55.7 43.3 24.8 0.0 10.6

3 2009 61.3 17.2 914 123.7 101.6 17.7 763.9 31.8 54.8 46.0 7.1 10.6

3 2014 28.5 11.0 907 34.2 23.5 7.8 732.1 143.2 7.1 14.2 7.1 3.5

3 2024 49.3 13.2 15 11.5 6.9 1.8 0.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.1

3 2034 29.3 6.6 384 11.0 9.8 2.7 350.1 0.0 15.9 17.7 0.0 0.0

3 2050 18.9 10.3 2326 16.8 14.0 7.1 2140.6 119.4 59.2 7.1 0.0 0.0

3 2053 15.5 7.5 1484 15.5 12.5 5.2 1360.7 87.5 31.8 3.5 0.0 0.0

3 2054 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 2059 31.6 8.1 55 25.4 19.4 4.1 0.0 0.0 19.5 35.4 0.0 0.0

3 2064 37.1 12.9 747 64.8 57.2 9.7 588.9 55.7 67.2 28.3 0.0 7.1

3 2073 57.2 12.5 2064 99.5 83.9 15.0 1917.8 39.8 70.7 28.3 0.0 7.1

4 1179 27.4 10.7 209 41.1 34.8 7.9 42.5 63.7 70.8 28.3 3.5 0.0

4 1286 26.7 11.0 170 40.4 34.2 7.7 7.1 56.6 77.8 28.3 0.0 0.0

4 1294 30.7 11.0 4143 168.6 95.6 20.3 3763.9 246.7 86.7 31.8 3.5 10.6

4 1307 29.8 12.5 400 141.0 119.6 25.3 7.1 31.8 240.6 120.3 0.0 0.0

4 1308 19.9 9.9 255 30.1 25.5 6.1 49.5 145.0 60.l 0.0 0.0 0.0

4 1329 25.0 10.0 311 65.4 55.5 13.0 7.1 95.5 187.5 21.2 0.0 0.0

4 1365 33.8 13.2 195 74.5 63.4 13.2 17.7 31.8 53.1 84.9 3.5 3.5

4 1935 36.2 14.1 1015 48.l 43.9 11.7 779.8 143.2 67.2 10.6 0.0 14.2

5 1095 10.7 5.1 1260 4.0 2.9 1.2 1244.9 8.0 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 1125 24.2 9.1 622 49.0 36.3 7.3 509.3 39.8 47.7 21.2 3.5 0.0

5 II60 31.0 8.1 123 19.8 14.5 4.4 39.8 39.8 8.0 31.8 3.5 0.0

5 1203 29.1 8.0 759 9.2 6.2 2.3 740.1 0.0 8.0 7.1 0.0 3.5

5 1273 62.6 13.6 19 4.9 3.7 1.4 8.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5

5 1289 53.5 17.3 212 27.9 24.3 5.4 159.2 15.9 19.5 14.2 0.0 3.5

79

Cate- Cius- D(g), H(g), Stems Vol, Bio, Bas- Number of stems/ha by diameter classes gory ter cm m /ha m3/ha tons area, (cm)

Iha m2/ha < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 > 50 5 1301 30.8 IO.I 841 14.7 11.2 3.8 811.7 8.0 0.0 17.7 0.0 3.5 5 1302 30.0 9.7 466 27.6 21.0 3.7 421.8 0.0 19.5 24.8 0.0 0.0 5 1332 38.8 22.4 29 30.6 23.4 2.8 0.0 0.0 8.0 17.7 0.0 3.5

5 1385 35.7 14.5 311 46.6 39.1 8.6 191.0 63.7 0.0 38.9 14.2 3.5

5 1386 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 1387 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 1402 I0.3 2.2 48 0.3 0.2 0.2 31.8 15.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 1419 51.4 13.7 21 15.9 12.2 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.1 7.1 7.1

5 1455 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 1473 30.4 12.9 84 39.7 30.4 5.5 0.0 8.0 51.3 24.8 0.0 0.0 5 1474 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 1488 19.1 9.1 103 12.1 10.3 2.5 10.6 74.3 17.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 1509 40.2 11.6 66 8.9 7.7 2.7 39.8 8.0 8.0 3.5 3.5 3.5

5 1524 31.0 13.9 118 30.2 24.4 3.3 63.7 15.9 23.9 10.6 3.5 0.0

5 1585 31.9 14.6 340 54.0 41.2 6.8 254.6 0.0 35.4 46.0 3.5 0.0

5 1602 18.7 6.7 80 13.0 7.6 1.8 8.0 63.7 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 1627 76.I 20.7 134 10.7 8.3 2.4 130.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5

5 1628 73.5 17.8 1213 13.6 IO.I 3.5 1209.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 5 1649 20.4 10.6 305 13.2 12.8 3.8 183.0 87.5 23.9 10.6 0.0 0.0

5 1704 38.3 8.9 37 26.2 17.3 3.6 0.0 0.0 15.9 14.2 7.1 0.0

5 1709 57.7 21.I 28 30.l 23.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 3.5 17.7 0.0 7.1

5 17ll 114.1 19.9 62 87.1 66.8 20.3 0.0 15.9 3.5 21.2 3.5 17.7

5 1714 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 1723 91.l 15.2 121 36.9 28.2 9.5 51.3 31.8 23.9 3.5 0.0 10.6

5 1771 124.4 17.4 455 48.6 38.6 11.5 389.9 15.9 31.8 14.2 0.0 3.5

5 1911 60.0 12.0 4 3.0 2.3 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5

5 1933 26.4 12.2 185 24.8 23.7 5.5 63.7 39.8 67.2 10.6 3.5 0.0

5 1943 41.4 10.0 54 21.8 15.4 3.5 0.0 23.9 15.9 7.1 3.5 3.5

5 1956 58.I 15.2 41 28.2 25.I 6.5 0.0 0.0 15.9 7.1 7.1 10.6

5 2058 27.4 4.9 223 19.8 15.I 5.6 135.3 8.0 61.9 17.7 0.0 0.0

Cate- Cius- D(g), H(g), Stems Vol, Bio, Bas- Number of stems/ha by diameter classes gory ter cm m Iha m3/ha tons area, (cm)

/ha m2/ha < 10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 > 50 I IO 7.7 4.1 815 3.4 2.2 1.0 810.l 1.6 1.9 0.4 0.7 0.0

2 13 17.1 5.8 1533 15.3 9.9 3.1 1481.3 43.5 6.1 0.5 0.5 I.I

3 131 36.7 12.8 1047 48.3 40.8 9.0 912.4 60.9 43.9 21.8 3.5 4.0

4 8 28.7 11.5 837 76.1 59.1 13.1 584.3 101.8 105.5 40.7 1.3 3.5

5 36 44.8 12.5 232 21.5 16.8 4.1 186.0 16.4 14.6 10.8 1.8 2.7

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ANNEX 11. RESULTS OF WOOD COVERAGE IN ZANZIBAR ISLANDS

Unguja island:

Sampling category Total area (ha), where volume is, m3/ha 0 0.01-0.1 0.1-1 1-5 5-10 >10 Total

1. Coral rag forests, close 2 891 0 1 652 11 150 6 608 11 563 33 864 to roads and settlement

2. Other coral rag forests 1 347 2695 8 085 9 432 6737 28 297 56 594 3. Agroforestry systems 591 591 0 1 181 0 34263 36 626 4. SCF plantations 487 0 0 487 1 462 2 437 4874 5. Agricultural and settlement areas 9 486 0 593 1 186 1 779 7707 20750 Total 14802 3286 10330 23437 16586 84267 152 708

Sampling category Total area (ha), where stems/ha is, 0 1-49 50-99 100+ Total

1. Coral rag forests, close 2 891 826 413 29 734 33 864 to roads and settlement

2. Other coral rag forests 1 347 2 695 1 347 51204 56 594 3. Agroforestry systems 591 2 363 2 363 31 309 36 626 4. SCF plantations 487 0 0 4387 4874 5. Agricultural and settlement areas 9 486 2 371 593 8 300 20750 Total 14802 8255 4716 124 934 152 708

Pemba island:

Sampling category Total area (ha), where volume is, m3/ha 0 0.01-0.1 0.1-1 1-5 5-10 >10 Total

1. Coral rag forests, close 389 389 1 168 1168 0 778 3 892 to roads and settlement

2. Other coral rag forests 2 378 793 793 793 793 4755 10 303 3. Agroforestry systems 1 557 0 519 1 038 1 038 63 835 67 987 4. SCF plantations 0 0 0 0 0 1 014 1 014 5. Agricultural and settlement areas 1 590 0 318 954 636 7949 11 446 Total 5 913 1182 2797 3952 2466 78331 94642

Sampling category Total area (ha), where stems/ha is, 0 1-49 50-99 100+ Total

1. Coral rag forests, close 389 389 0 3 114 3 892 to roads and settlement

2. Other coral rag forests 2 378 793 0 7133 10 303 3. Agroforestry systems 1 557 2076 3 633 60721 67 987 4. SCF plantations 0 0 0 1 014 1 014 5. Agricultural and settlement areas 1 590 2544 1 590 5 723 11 446 Total 5913 5801 5223 77705 94642

81

ANNEX 12. VOLUME MODELLING OF EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLUS (CLOVE TREE)

In this inventory, the construction of volume model for clove was inevitable. Therefore 11 trees from Masingini clove plantation were sampled. The trees sampled were from different diameter classes.

The established volume model for clove tree (Eugenia caryophyllus) with the following regression statistics was:

Volume = exp(-2.7243+1.3165*ln(d)+l.4647*ln(h))

Multiple R R Square

Regression Statistics

Adjusted R Squar;e Standard Error Observations

0.973680 0.948053 0.935066

0.14823 11

Also the green biomass model was constructed for clove trees as follows:

Biomass (green)= exp(-1.714336+2.007888*ln(d)+ 0,579043*ln(h))

Multiple R R Square

Regression Statistics

Adjusted R Square Standard Error Observations

0.936356 0.876763 0.827468 0.295377

8

The following figure presents the measured and estimated volumes and green biomass of clove trees.

Volume of cloves

250 ~-~~...-----.

(') 200 -t----t-______,t---i.--i E ,, 150 -t----t---.-1----l ID E 100 +---t----:io--r----J :I 0 50 +--- +-11"'----"---------4 >

0,00 10,00 20,00 30,00

Dbh, cm

• vol,dm3

• V-est

82

Green weight of cloves

800,0 ---~

~ ..; 600, 0 +-----+ _____ ____, .c Cl Q) 400,0 +----+-- -----1 ;:: 5i 200,0 +--___,_- -----J

~ CJ 0,0 +----t----<

0,00 20,00 40,00

Dbh, cm

+ weight, (tot)

a w eight, (mod)

In order to get the oven-dry biomass the moisture was estimated to be 52.5 %.

Tree measurements of the clove trees were as follows:

Tree Diam., Height, Vol, Weight Vol, dm3 Weight, kg number cm m dm3 (green), k__g (model) (model)

I 17.15 14.3 147.6 309.5 136.1 252.8 2 14.20 11.6 87.8 126.0 78.2 153.3 3 14.00 11.9 60.2 151.6 79.6 151.2 4 26.45 12.9 227.6 207.1 5 25.95 13.5 198.6 629.6 215.9 561.6 6 12.95 11.2 78.0 140.2 65.8 124.8 7 16.25 12.2 86.0 126.2 100.5 206.9 8 18.75 10.9 102.5 102.9 9 12.20 10.1 55.7 139.5 52.3 104.3 10 14.50 12.4 92.5 88.6 II 9.50 8.9 29.8 56.6 31.2 58.7

83

ANNEX 13. VOLUME MODELLING OF ADANSONIA DIGITATA (BAOBAB)

Because of the shape of baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) it was difficult to get the model relating to it and therefore its volume was calculated separately considering that:

1. 113 of the trunk height is cylinder v =pi* (d/2)2

2. 213 of the trunk is cone v = 113 *pi* (d/2)2

The established volume model for baobab with the following regression statistics was:

Vol= exp(-10.258+2.09674*ln(d)+0.63828*ln(h))

Multiple R R Square

Regression Statistics

Adjusted R Square Standard Error Observations

0.999026 0.998052 0.997495

0.04956 10

The following figure presents the measured and estimated volumes of baobab trees.

60,00

50,00 (')

E 40,00 a; 30,00 E :::1 20,00 0 > 10,00

0,00 0,0

•• ~"' IJlll

100,0 200,0

Diameter, cm

•

*

300,0 400,0

+Vol (total)

• Vol (model)

Tree measurements of the baobab trees were as follows:

Tree Diam., Total Trunk Trunk Vol, m3 Vol, m3 number cm height, m height, m -% (qlinder) (cone)

1 154.0 7.75 4.75 61.29 2.95 1.97 2 162.0 10.30 5.80 56.31 3.98 2.66 3 325.0 13.00 7.50 57.69 20.74 13.83 4 103.0 11.50 5.75 50.00 1.60 1.06 5 125.0 10.00 5.75 57.50 2.35 1.57 6 135.0 12.50 6.10 48.80 2.91 1.94 7 131.0 13.75 7.50 54.55 3.37 2.25 8 226.0 12.00 6.50 54.17 8.69 5.79 9 212.0 11.50 6.50 56.52 7.65 5.10 10 372.0 20.50 9.50 46.34 34.42 22.94

Aver~e 194.5 12.28 54.32 8.87 5.91

84

Vol, m3 Vol ,m3 (total) (model)

4.92 6.38 6.64 7.17

34.57 35.88 2.66 2.52 3.92 3.94 4.85 4.70 5.62 4.39

14.49 15.49 12.75 13.36 57.36 49.04 14.78 14.28

ANNEX 14. EXPLANATION OF THE CODES USED IN PHOTO­INTERPRETATION

A. Variables, which describe the land-use of the photo-interpretation point

The main land-use is classified into seven main classes. Each class is divided into several subclasses as follows:

1. Coral rag forest (the same density classes, which were used in the Coral Rag Forest Inventory)

- The codes of the subclasses are (for more information see the report of the Coral Rag Forest Inventory):

1. Fems and grass - a class for open areas with grass and fems, but there are no trees used for fuel wood.

2. Grass with individual trees - rather open areas with grass and isolated trees. The crown cover is 20 % or less.

3. Grass with isolated groups of trees (bushes). The crown cover is more than 20 % but less than 50 %.

4. Bush vegetation - canopy is low and crown cover is 50-100 %. 5. Bush vegetation - canopy is low and full crown cover. The

average height of bushes is less than three metres. 6. Bush vegetation - canopy is low and there is full crown cover.

The average height of bushes is more than three metres. 7. Tall trees and bush - mixture of tall trees and bush where crown

cover for tall trees is 10 to 50 % of the total cover. 8. Trees - high canopy, total crown cover for all trees is more than

50 % but less than 100 %. 9. Trees - high canopy with full crown cover. 10. Coconut palms and fruit trees - usually around and m

settlement areas. 2. Mangrove forest

- Divided into two classes according to the previous Mangrove Forest Inventory

11. Untouched Mangrove forests - the crown cover is closed and there are no clear signs of cut spots.

12. Thinned Mangrove forests - the crown cover is less than 100 % and there are clear signs of cut spots.

3. Agricultural land (Agricultural Shamba) 1. Large scale rice fields 2. Large scale fields, other than rice (e.g. sugar cane) 3. Agricultural Shamba plot, rice cultivation 4. Agricultural Shamba plot, other than rice cultivation (e.g. sugar cane)

4. Settlement area 1. Town 2. Village 3. Military camp 4. Wide road, airport and other built land

5. SCF plantations (and the high forests)

85

1. High forests 2. Forest tree plantations (e.g. Casuarina or Acacia plantations) 3. Rubber tree plantations 4. Other plantation areas

6. Agroforestry systems 1. Coconut plantations 2. Mixture of agricultural crops and woody vegetation; coconuts, fruit

trees, cloves etc. 3. Other plantation areas

7. Mixed woody vegetation (usually natural) - Miscellaneous class, which can be used if the photo point does not follow

into any of the above mentioned classes. - Subclass is always 1.

The names of the Forest Reserve areas and high forests are recorded as follows: 1. J ozani Forest 2. Ngezi Forest 3. Chaani Forest Reserve 4. Dunga-Jendele Forest Reserve 5. Kibele Forest Reserve 6. Masingini Forest Reserve 7. Unguja Ukuu Forest Reserve 8. Ras-Kiuyu Forest Reserve 9. Maziwa N'gombe Forest Reserve 10. Others (name is in remarks)

B. Variables, which describe the woody vegetation and its nature

This classification describes the main tree species, origin, size and stocking of the trees.

* Originate of the main trees 1. No trees 2. Naturally originated 3. Planted

* Main tree species and their proportion (%) of all trees 1. Palms 2. Cloves 3. Mangoes and other fruit trees 4. Casuarinas (and other planted tree species, mainly in Forest Reserves) 5. Coral rag tree species 6. Mangroves 7. Others (e.g. miscellaneous tree species in high forests)

* Second main tree species and their proportion (%) of all trees 1. Palms 2. Cloves 3. Mangoes and other fruit trees 4. Casuarinas (and other planted tree species, mainly in Forest Reserves) 5. Coral rag tree species 6. Mangroves

86

7. Others (e.g. miscellaneous tree species in high forests) * Stand size and existence of big trees (the tree is considered to be as a big tree, if

the diameter of the crown is possible to identify) 0. No big trees exists 1-n. Estimated number of big trees 99. Impossible to specify (many big trees)

* Stocking (of big trees), classes are based on crown cover percentage 1. Low, crown cover less than 10 % 2. Medium, crown cover 11-40 % 3. High, crown cover 41-80 % 4. Almost full, crown cover more than 80 %

* Existence of bushes or shrub (and other small trees) 1. No bush exist 2. Light bushes (crown cover < 50 % ) 3. Thick bushes (crown cover> 50 %) 4. Impossible to identify

C. Variables, which describe the human impact

This classification describes the effect of human beings. These variables are also used later for clarifying the correlation of human impact and the existence of forest plantations and planted trees (e.g. Casuarina).

* Existence of fields 1. No fields 2. Less than 20 % of the total photo point area 3. 21-70 % of total photo point area 4. More than 70 % of the total photo point area

*Existence of settlement (number of houses or buildings) - If the number of buildings is less than 10 (and it is possible to count), the

right number of buildings is recorded - If the number of buildings is equal to or more than 10 (or not possible to

count), the number recorded on the form is always 10 * Existence of visible rivers in the photo point area

1. No rivers 2. Rivers exist

* Distance to settlement from the photo point centre - Distance to the nearest building

1. Inside the photo point 2. Less than 200 m 3. 200 m to 500 m 4. 500 m to 1000 m 5. More than 1000 m

* Distance to the closest visible road from the photo point centre - Distance to the nearest visible road

1. Inside the photo point 2. Less than 200 m 3. 200 m to 500 m 4. 500 m to 1000 m

87

5. More than 1000 m

D. Variables, which are used in satellite image interpretation

The main emphasis on using satellite images is to estimate the changes of the land-use between the air photos of 1989-90 and the satellite images of 1995. The satellite image interpretation also includes the land-use classification. The following classification is used for interpretation of each sample point:

Main land-use class: 1. Coral rag forest 2. Mangrove forest 3. Agricultural land (Agricultural Shamba) 4. Settlement area 5. SCF plantations (and main high forests) 6. Agroforestry systems 7. Mixed woody vegetation (usually natural)

Changes in land-use between air photos and satellite images: 1. Definitely no visible changes 2. Maybe some changes 3. Definitely visible changes

Description of the visible changes: 1. Planted area 2. Totally cleared area 3. Partly cleared area 4. Other visible changes (description in remarks)

The main land-use classes are the same, which are also defined from the aerial photographs. An explanation of the changes and differences between satellite images and air photos is described in details in the remarks especially when using description code 4.

88

ANNEX 15. FIELD WORK INSTRUCTIONS

FIELD WORK INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE WOODY BIOMASS INVENTORY OF ZANZIBAR ISLANDS

Table of contents:

1. Introduction 2. Field organisation 3. Field sampling design

3.1. General inventory design 3.2. The cluster and plot design 3.3. Laying the plot in the field

3.3.1. Starting point 3.3.2. Measuring of the field cluster 3.3.3. Plot demarcation 3.3.4. Slope correction on the plot

4. Data collection 4.1. General information 4.2. Codes for data measured in the field 4.3. Measurements of the trees

Annex 1: Personnel and equipment Annex 2: A field form

89

2 2 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 9

1. INTRODUCTION

These are the instructions for the Woody Biomass Inventory field work for the Zanzibar Forestry Development Project in Unguja and Pemba islands in Tanzania. This inventory will cover the entire area of the islands (approximately 233 200 ha). The field work is going to take place between June and October 1996.

The purpose of these instructions is to make the field work as error-free as possible. Accuracy of inventory results depends highly on precise field work. Therefore field crews have to pay a lot of attention to measurement practices so that error-free data are collected.

Some of the field clusters will be selected for remeasurements. The measurements of each field crew will be verified during the inventory. Results of these measurements will be used for analysing the quality of the field work and to find out the needs for future training.

2. FIELD ORGANISATION

The field work is led by the Inventory Manager, Mr. Mbarouk Salum Ali (B.Sc. For), from the Sub-Commission for Forestry. Field work will be done by four field crews. Each crew consists of four crew members (one crew leader, one crew member and two helpers). Local villagers will be hired as field work helpers. The field crews must consist of experienced people. Two vehicles will be used for transportation.

Field work will be started in Unguja island. After one month of field work, two crews will be transferred to Pemba island for field work. A large proportion of the field work will be concentrated in deep soil areas. Camping for all crews will be at the Sub-Commission stations. In the areas where it is difficult and time consuming to travel to the forest stations, a house can be rented. Necessary camping facilities will be provided.

A complete list of the field equipment needed for each crew is presented in Annex 1. Special care must be taken to check and service the equipment before, after and during the field work.

In the initial phase of the field work, two days training in tree species identification will be arranged. In the training phase, a botanist will be needed for the identification of the most important tree species.

The Inventory Manager will supervise and follow-up all the field work.

3. FIELD SAMPLING DESIGN

3.1. General inventory design

A systematic grid of photo-interpretation points has been laid over the satellite imagery covering the entire area to be inventoried. The same systematic grid of points is then transferred onto the aerial photos, These photo points are interpreted visually. The scale for satellite imagery is 1:50 000, while that of aerial photos is 1: 10 000.

90

A sample of the photo points is selected for the field measurements. These sampling units (clusters) represent different sampling categories, in which they have been placed during the photo- interpretation phase. Having four sample plots (as a cluster) near each other will increase the efficiency of the field work.

The time allocated for the field work is about three months. The available resources for the field work limits the number of sample plots to be measured. Therefore about 400 clusters will be measured in total. This is expected to fulfil the accuracy requirements of the inventory. The proportion of the amount of the field clusters in Unguja and Pemba islands is dependent on the photo point sampling.

The sampling has been done before the start of the field work. The result of sampling is a list (and a map) of the clusters to be measured. The crew leaders will use these lists and also the aerial photos for orienteering the clusters in the field.

3.2. The cluster and plot design

Sampling unit is a cluster. Each cluster consists of four circular plots located 35 m apart at 0°, 900, 1800 and 2700 azimuth from the plot centre (see Figure 1).

Figure 1. A cluster design. The broken line describes the area of the air photo and satellite image interpretation point. The four smaller circles are the field plots.

0

270 90

180

The purpose of the clustering is to reduce the variation between sampling units (clusters). It is also more efficient to measure four clustered plots instead of measuring one large plot. Each plot consists of three concentric subplots (see Figure 2).

91

Figure 2. A plot design. The radius of the small subplot is 5 m. The radius of the middle subplot is 10 m. The radius of the large subplot is 15 m.

Table 1. The size of the field plots.

Tree dimensions (DBH) All trees more than or equal to 2 cm More than or equal to 10 cm More than or e ual to 30 cm

Size of plots, radius 5,0m

10,0m 15,0m

Using a concentric plot design means that the smaller trees are going to be measured in the smaller plots and the bigger trees in larger plots (see Table 1). The most important planted trees - Casuarina and Acacia - are measured from the larger plot size regardless of their dimensions. This is done to get more accurate results of those tree species.

3.3. Laying the plot in the field

3.3.1 Starting point

First the center of each cluster is to be located in the field. This is done with help of aerial photos and topographic maps. The idea is to find a place which is clearly visible and also as close as possible to the cluster centre. These visible places can be any large identifiable objects; such as a river, rock, house, road, open ground or a big tree. The point for starting the measurements will be identified using visible features. The distance and direction from the visible place to the centre of the cluster will be measured from the air photos or topographic maps. Using the distance and direction defined with the map and air photo, the centre of the cluster is located in the field with a measuring tape and a compass from the starting point to the cluster centre. A short explanation of the distance and direction in relation to the plot centre will be included in the remarks. On slopes the line measurements are done by steps (see Figure 3).

92

Figure 3. Measurement by steps.

DISTANCE AB=d+e+f+g

g

A B

3.3.2. Measuring of the field cluster

The mid-point of the cluster will be marked with a wooden stick. First the northern plot will be measured then the eastern, southern and western plots will be measured next. All four plots will be measured in the same way.

3.3.3. Plot demarcation

The centre of each plot must be marked with a wooden stick. The number of the cluster and the number of the plot will be drawn with pen to the wooden stick for possible control measurements. Areas where there are dense thickets the boundaries of the plot will be marked with coloured ribbons. In each concentric plot the smallest subplot will be measured first. After measuring the smallest subplot, measuring will be continued in the mid-subplot. The largest subplot will be measured last. Tree enumeration procedures will be the same in the larger subplots as in the small subplots.

3.3.4. Slope correction on the plot

Slope corrections for the plot dimensions will not be done in the field. The true area of the plot will be calculated later in the office during the result calculation phase. Therefore the exact slope of the plot will be determined in the field. This is done by shooting uphill and downhill with the clinometer at the plot centre; then the average of the two readings is the slope gradient. The measured slope in percent is marked on the field form.

4. DATA COLLECTION

4.1. General information

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After the demarcation of the plot, tree enumeration will be started from the northernmost tree and advance clockwise. In each concentric plot, the smaller subplot should be measured first. In each plot any observable changes should be noted on the remarks of the field form (see the field form in Annex 2). Also if the situation (e.g. in land-use) has clearly changed or is clearly different compared to the aerial photograph, it should be noted on the remarks. After every days measurements crew leaders must carefully check all the completed field forms and any discrepancy has to be noted and checked in the field. Every evening of the field work, the crew leaders have to pin together all the filled field forms belonging to the same cluster.

4.2. Codes for the data measured in the field

The general information on a sample plot form is completed as follows:

Date: The date of the field work (for example 11.04.1996)

Crew: Codes for the crew leaders:

1. Mwalimu Juma 2. Juma Badru 3. Ali Kassim 4. Saleh Ahmed

Air photo: The number of the air photo is recorded. The number of each air photo is found from the north-east comer of the air photo (for example 6: 12)

Location: Codes for the regions:

1. Town-West Unguja 2. South Unguja 3. North Unguja 4. South Pemba 5. North Pemba

Cluster: Number of the cluster according to the photo point interpretation

Serial number of the plot within the particular cluster: - the northern plot is number 1, the eastern number 2, the southern number

3 and the western number 4

Land-use class and the subclasses: The same land-use categories as used in the photo-interpretation phase are also used in the field work. This is done in order to verify the situation in the field compared to the results of the photo-interpretation.

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1. Coral rag forest (the same density classes, which were used in the Coral Rag Forest Inventory)

- The codes of the subclasses are (for more information see the report of the Coral Rag Forest Inventory):

1. Fems and grass - a class for open areas with grass and fems, but there are no trees used for fuel wood.

2. Grass with individual trees - rather open areas with grass and isolated trees. The crown cover is 20 % or less.

3. Grass with isolated groups of trees (bushes). The crown cover is more than 20 % but less than 50 %.

4. Bush vegetation - canopy is low and crown cover is 50-100 %. 5. Bush vegetation - canopy is low and full crown cover. The

average height of bushes is less than three metres. 6. Bush vegetation - canopy is low and there is full crown cover.

The average height of bushes is more than three metres. 7. Tall trees and bush - mixture of tall trees and bush where crown

cover for tall trees is 10 to 50 % of the total cover. 8. Trees - high canopy, total crown cover for all trees is more than

50 % but less than 100 %. 9. Trees - high canopy with full crown cover. (10. Coconut palms and fruit trees - usually around and m

settlement areas.) 2. Mangrove forest

- Divided into two classes according to the previous Mangrove Forest Inventory

11. Untouched Mangrove forests - the crown cover is closed and there are no clear signs of cut spots.

12: Thinned Mangrove forests - the crown cover is less than 100 % and there are clear signs of cut spots.

3. Agricultural land (Agricultural Shamba) - The codes of the subclasses are:

1. Large scale rice fields 2. Large scale fields, other than rice (e.g. sugar cane) 3. Agricultural Shamba plot, rice cultivation 4. Agricultural Shamba plot, other than rice cultivation (e.g. sugar

cane) 4. Settlement area

- These areas are divided into the following subclasses: 1. Town 2. Village 3. Military camp 4. Wide road, airport and other built land

5. SCF plantations (and the high forests) 1. High forests 2. Forest tree plantations (e.g. Casuarina or Acacia plantations) 3. Rubber tree plantations 4. Other plantation areas

6. Agroforestry systems - The codes are:

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1. Coconut plantations 2. Mixture of agricultural crops and woody vegetation; coconuts,

fruit trees, cloves etc 3. Other plantation areas

7. Mixed woody vegetation (usually natural) - Miscellaneous class, which can be used if the photo point does not follow

into any of the above mentioned classes. - Subclass is always 1.

Forest Reserves (FR): The names of the Forest Reserve areas and high forests will be recorded as follows:

1. Jozani Forest 2. Ngezi Forest 3. Chaani Forest Reserve 4. Dunga-Jendele Forest Reserve 5. Kibele Forest Reserve 6. Masingini Forest Reserve 7. Unguja Ukuu Forest Reserve 8. Ras-Kiuyu Forest Reserve 9. Maziwa N'gombe Forest Reserve 10. Others (name in remarks)

Stocking: The visual classification of stocking of big trees is based on the crown cover percentage (the trees are considered to be big, if they are in the main tree storey and the height is more than about 8 metres). The codes are:

1. Low, crown cover less than 10 % 2. Medium, crown cover 11-40 % 3. High, crown cover 41-80 % 4. Almost full, crown cover more than 80%

Existence of bushes or shrubs (Bush): (and other small trees) The existence of bush and shrub vegetation is described in the following codes: -

1. No bush exists 2. Light bushes (crown cover < 50 % ) 3. Thick bushes (crown cover> 50 %)

( 4. Impossible to identify, only used during the photo-interpretation phase, not in the field)

Human Impact (Human): The following codes are used to describe the human impacts:

1. Cuttings in the plot area 2. Fields in the plot area 3. Buildings in the plot area 4. Other human impact (more explanation in remarks)

Slope:

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The slope is measured and recorded in percent (for instructions see page 5).

Radius: The radius of each of the subplots

- Small plot (normally 5 metres) - Middle plot (normally 10 metres) - Large plot (normally 15 metres)

Remarks: The remarks are used to describe unusual conditions of the plot. The remarks may also have some extra information about the human activities.

4.3. Measurements of the trees

On every plot all living trees whose diameter at breast height is more than the required minimum diameter (see Table 1, page 4) will be measured. The required minimum diameter for the smallest trees is 2 cm at breast height.

Tree number (Tree): Number of the tree, starting with one in each plot

- If the tree is branching above 10 cm from the ground level, it is considered to be one tree and the tree number of each stem is the same

- If the tree is branching below 10 cm from the ground level, it is considered as two (or more) individual trees. In that case the trees are numbered separately.

Stem number (Stem): Each stem is numbered separately, starting with one in each tree. If the tree is branching between diameter at breast height and 10 cm above ground level, it has two or more stems.

Number of radius (Rad): The subplot radius, in which the tree is measured, is recorded with the following codes:

1. Small size subplot 2. Medium size subplot 3. Large size subplot

Tree species (Species): The most common and important tree species are identified and recorded. The list of the codes is in separate Annex.

Diameter at breast height (DBH, cm)

The diameters of trees in a small subplot (radius 5 metres) with a diameter of 2 cm and above are measured. In a mid subplot the trees with a diameter from 10 cm upward are measured, while in a large plot only trees with a diameter of 30 cm and above are measured. The diameter measurement is done using girth tapes or calipers and the measurements are taken to the nearest centimetre.

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If the tree is forked above breast height, the diameter measurements are taken at a height of 1.3 metres from ground level. But if the tree is forked below 1.3 metres, the tree is considered to have more than one stem (and also different stem numbers) and separate diameter measurements of the stems (branches) are taken.

Girth tape is used for measuring the diameter for crooked and poorly shaped trees at breast height ( dbh) level. For swelled and buttressed trees the diameter is measured at 10 cm from the end of the defect. Possible climbers must be removed before measurements.

Total height (H, m): The number of height measurements can be reduced by using height curve functions in inventory calculations. Anyway, to calibrate these functions, plot and species wise height measurements are needed. In every plot some sample trees are selected for height measurements. Every fifth tree is measured as a sample tree (starting from the northernmost tree). Moreover the aim is to get at least one sample tree of each tree species in one plot. In the cases where there are less than five trees in a plot, all trees are sampled for height.

For palms only two sample trees in each plot are required for height measurements. The sample trees for palms are selected from medium-height trees.

The height measurements will be done using a Suunto-clinometer, measuring pole can be used for small trees. All measurements will be done to the nearest half a meter. For multi-stemmed trees the largest branch will be measured for height.

Base (Base, m): Due to the error in height measurement of leaning trees, also base measurement is needed. The base refers to the horizontal distance from the center of the tree stump to ground projected tip of the tree. The base distance is noted in meters.

Shape of the sample tree (Shape): The shape of the sample trees is measured to avoid incorrect calibration of height curves. The shape (without regard to species) is marked only for the trees, which are selected for height measurements. The shape is recorded with the following codes:

1. Normal shape 2. Broken top 3. Other abnormal shape (explanation in remarks)

Remarks: Remarks are used in cases of abnormal shape or condition of tree (especially sample tree for height measurements). Also other additional notes may be written here.

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FIELD INSTRUCTIONS: ANNEX 1.

PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT

Personnel:

1 Crew leader 1 Field assistant (crew member) 2 Helpers

Equipment for the crew

1 Suunto compass 1 50 m Survey tape 1 Logger's tape 1 Suunto clinometer 1 Diameter tape 1 Caliper 2 Pangas 1 Writing board 1 First aid kit

Booking forms Pencils, erasers Coloured ribbons Water bottles Shelter for recorder Field boots for all personnel Rain coats for all personnel Camp mattresses Caps for all personnel Field overall clothing Plastic bag Stapler

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FIELD INSTRUCTIONS: ANNEX 2.

A Field Form

Date Cr Air- Loca Clus Plot Land-use Stoc Bush Hu- Slo- Radius, m ew Photo ti on ter Main Sub FR ki~g_ man ~.% Small Mid Lar~

l l l l

I Remarks

Tree Stem Rad S~cies DBH,cm H,m Base,m Shai>_e Remarks

JL & MA 1.7.1996

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Zanzibar Forestry Technical Papers

The Zanzibar Forestry Technical Paper Series consists of reports on forestry issues in Zanzibar. This series was started in 1990. The reports aim to make information more widely available to staff members of the Commission for Natural Resources, as well as outside institutions and individuals.

The reports are prepared by Sub-Commission for Forestry staff members or by other researchers and consultants. The views expressed in each paper are those of the author(s).

41. Salum Ali Kham is 1997. Land husbandry activities in Pemba. 10 p. + 1 map.

40. Leskinen, J., Pohjonen, V.M. & Mbarouk S. Ali 1997. Woody biomass inventory of Zanzibar islands. 35 p. + 15 appendices. ISBN 951 -53-1356-2.

39. Yussuf Haji Kombo, Makame Kitwana Makame & Said Abdallah Fakih 1997. The utilization of indigenous tree species stick in seaweed cultivation in Unguja. A case study in Uroa, Pwani Mchangani and Kiwengwa villages. 14 p.

38. Thabit S. Masoud, Yussuf H. Kombo, Makame M. Kirwana & Abdulla J. Ibrahim 1996. Survey on the use of Wapape Kin owe forest and people's participation on local management. 19 p.

37. Blodget, M. & Thabit S. Masoud 1996. Zanzibar's neglected treasure, the botanical garden of Migombani. 33 p.

36. Harvey, S.P., Kombo, Y.H. & Kirwana, M.M. 1996. Agroforestry on farm trials in the coral rag of Unguja. A paper presented at the Sixth Annual Zanzibar Agricultural Research Review, 14-15 November 1995. 9 p.

35. Jarvis, L. 1996. Jozani forest visitor centre. Exhibition design. 24 p. + 1 appendix.

34. Thabit S. Masoud & Wild, R. 1996. Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation Area. Annual Progress Report. 28 p. + 4 annexes.

33. Thabit, S. Masoud, Yussuf, H. Kombo, Amour B. Omar & Makame Kirwana 1996. Forest genetic resources conservation. 20 p.

32. Makame Kitwana, Yussuf H. Kombo & Harvey, S. 1996. Wakulima na kilimo mseto Zanzibar (Farmers and agroforestry in Zanzibar). 31 p.

31. Hamoud S. Abdullah, Mbarouk S. Ali & Kurikka, T. 1996. Ngezi forest reserve management plan. 45 p. + 7 appendices+ 3 maps. ISBN 951-53-0954-9.

30. Mashaka H. Mwita, Iddi H. Hassan, Samira M. Juma, Mohamed N. Uki & Ali M. Hilal 1996. Community resources assessment - Makoba. 15 p. + 1 map.

29. YussufHaji Kombo & Harvey, S. 1996. Indigenous trees for agroforestry. High potential species for the coral rag of Unguja. 28 p.

28. Mashaka H. Mwita, Mkubwa A. Hamza, Saidi A. Fakih & Ali M. Hilal 1996. Community resources assessment - Muanda. 16 p. + 1 map.

27. Abdalla J. Ibrahim & Khadija M. Khamis 1996. Manual for Forest Nursery. 14 p.

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26. Williams, A.J. & Mwinyi, A.A. & Ali, S.J. 1996. A population survey of the three mini-antelopes -Ader's duiker ( Cephalophus adersi), Zanzibar blue duiker ( Cephalophus monticola sundevalli), Suni (Neotragus moschatus moschatus) - of Unguja, Zanzibar. 160 p.

25. Salim A. Khamis 1996. Land husbandry activities in Zanzibar. Volume 1. 8 p.

24. Yussuf Haji Kombo, Bakar Abdulwahab Ali & Khadija Mohamed Khamis. 1995. A case study on small scale nurseries. Marketing and transportation of seedlings. 4 p.

23. Maimuna J. Mwenda 1995. Guidelines on tree seed collection, handling and storage in Zanzibar. 10 p.

22. Kosy, Z.A. 1995. Fuelwood consumption study on Pemba island Zanzibar, Tanzania. 63 p. + 4 annexes. ISBN 951-53-0642-6.

21. Rashid Said Mashoud 1995. Human resources plan for Forestry Sub-Commission. 21 p. + 2 charts. ISBN 951 -53-0372-9.

20. Mwantanga Issa Khatibu 1995. A critical analysis of farmer part1c1pation in the Forestry Development Project, Zanzibar and the implication for future extension activities. 18 p. + 5 annexes. ISBN 951-53-0372-9.

19. Archer, A.L. & Mwinyi, A.A. 1995. Further studies on the two duikers species and the Suni antelope in Zanzibar. 11 p. + 5 appendices+ 2 maps. ISBN 951-53-0370-2.

18. Pirinen, T. 1995. Conservation consultancy report. 25 p. + 5 annexes. ISBN 951 -53-0191 -2.

17. Archers, A.L. 1994. A survey of hunting techniques and the results thereof on two species of duiker and Suni antelopes in Zanzibar. 19 p. + 2 annexes. ISBN 951-47-9881-3.

16. Kuusela, A. 1994. Analysis of wood transport costs in the Zanzibar Forest Development Project. 56 p. + 17 appendices. ISBN 951 -47-8966-0.

15. Amour Bakar Omar, Abdalla Said Shah, Kassim Madeweya, Rahika Hamad Suleiman, Bakari Ali Abdulwahab, Mwantanga Issa Khatibu, Duvall, L.D.L., Jr., Makela, M., Raunio, A-L. & Williams, P.J. 1993. Participatory Project Planning: Experience of the Design of Phase III of the Zanzibar Forestry Development Project. 32 p. + 13 appendices. ISBN 951 -47-8160-0.

14. Saleh K. Khiari (ed.) 1993. Proceedings of a seminar on conservation of the Ngezi forest. 37 p. ISBN 951-47-7991-6.

13. Owen, M. & Davey, C. 1993. Zanzibar town forest products survey. 58 p. + 3 annexes. ISBN 951-47-7901 -0.

12. Heguye, E.S. 1994. An evaluation report on the adequacy of the village meetings as sources of information needed for the Phase III design. 23 p. + 2 appendices. ISBN 951-47-7901-2.

11. Heguye, E.S. 1993. Report on findings and recommendations on causes of the problems at the Maziwa Ng'ombe forest reserve and surrounding areas. 34 p. + 4 appendices. ISBN 951-47-7899-5.

IO. Leskinen, J. & Pereira A. Silima 1993. Unguja and Pemba coral rag forest inventory. 21 p. + 8 appendices. ISBN 951-47-7898-7.

9a. Harkonen, KR. & Seitz, C.H. 1993. Conservation and tourism development m Ngezi area, northwest Pemba. 21 p. + 3 appendices. ISBN 951-47-7897-9.

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..

9b. Makela, M. 1993. Report on the village survey made in the T ondooni village, Ngezi, Pemba. 14 p. + 1 annex. ISBN 951-47-7897-9.

8. Siltanen, M., Abdallah Jae & Makela, M. 1993. International yield trials for 13 multipurpose tree species I provenances in Zanzibar grass savannah and coral rag areas. 7 p. + 5 annexes. ISBN 951-47-7896-0.

7. Hayrinen, T. 1992. Consultancy report on forest management and intermediate operations. 22 p. + 5 annexes. ISBN 951-47-7895-2.

6. Mwantanga I. Khatibu, Rahika H. Suleiman & Williams, P.J. 1992. Women's participation in forestry activities in Zanzibar. 41 p. + 2 annexes. ISBN 951 -47-7894-4.

5a. Pikkarainen, T. 1991. Inventory ofJozani and Ngezi forests. Results. 20 p. + 7 appendices+ 4 maps. ISBN 951 -47-7893-6.

5b. Ruffo, C.K. 1991. A report on species identification for Jozani and Ngezi forest inventory. 15 p. + 1 appendix. ISBN 951-47-7893-6.

4a. Roeske, K. 1993. Report on the assessment of the stove activities of the ZFDP. 27 p. + 5 annexes. ISBN 951-47-7892-8.

4b. Grutzmacher, B. 1993. Technical problem analysis of the ZFDP stove activities and recommendations for a viable programme in Zanzibar. 45 p. ISBN 951-47-7892-8.

3. Rashid Said Masoud & Williams, P.J. 1991. Fuelwood use in Zanzibar town. 35 p. + 6 appendices. ISBN 951-47-7891-X.

2. Bertram, S. & Williams, P. 1991. Rural participation in tree planting on Unguja island. 28 p. + 3 appendices. ISBN 951-47-7890-1.

1. Beentje, H.J. 1990. Botanical assessment ofNgezi forest Pemba. 49 p. ISBN 951-47-7889-8.

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