woodworks – senior technical director / architect …...twp architecture structural engineer:...
TRANSCRIPT
9/25/2012
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Materials Matter: Design Trends for a Sustainable Future
Cheryl A. Ciecko AIA, CSI, ALA, LEED AP, GGP
Senior Technical Director WoodWorks The Wood Products Council
Cheryl A. Ciecko ALA, AIA, LEED AP, CSI, GGP WoodWorks – Senior Technical Director / Architect
The Wood Products Council
“The Wood Products Council” is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Copyright Materials
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction,
distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is
prohibited.
© The Wood Products Council 2012
Learning Objectives At the end of this program, participants will be able to:
1. Utilize the Carbon Sequestered in wood to respond to the Architecture 2030 Challenge for Products.
2. Evaluate materials through scientific measurement of ‘green’ through Life Cycle Assessment &
Environmental Product Declarations.
3. Evaluate various forestry certifications and
building health and safety issues with regard to
materials.
4. Recognize the benefits of using wood materials as evidenced in a variety of innovative wood project
examples.
Why wood?
Why choose
any material?
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Life Cycle Assessment – 1960’s
http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/std/lca/pdfs/600r06060.pdf
Consider system boundaries…
Product Use or
consumption
Life Cycle Assessment
Raw Materials
Acquisition
Materials Manufacture
Product Manufacture
Final deposition; incineration;
landfill; recycle or
reuse
Waste out
Emis
sion
s ou
t Energy In
Emis
sion
s ou
t Energy In
Emis
sion
s ou
t Energy In
Emis
sion
s ou
t Energy In
Emis
sion
s ou
t Energy In W
aste out
Waste out
Waste out
Waste out
Reuse & Recycle
From cradle to grave… or cradle to cradle.
Life Cycle Assessment Tools
http://www.athenasmi.org/ http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/
oae/software/bees/
*Products
*Assemblies
Environmental Product Declarations
Requirements for LCA: ISO 14040
Requirements for EPDs: ISO 14025
Report LCA data…
GreenHs Gas Emsns Water Pollution Acid Rain Resource Depletion Energy Use Solid Waste
The next wave of ‘eco-labeling’….
Environmental Product Declarations
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LCA: Materials Comparasins
www.corrim.org (Consortium for Research on Renewable Industrial Mtls)
Material
Net Carbon Emissions
(kg C/metric ton)
Net Carbon Emissions Including Carbon Storage
Within Material
(kg C/metric ton) 3/
Framing lumber 50 -457
Medium density fiberboard (virgin fiber)
100 -382
Brick 80 80
Glass 150 150
Recycled steel (100% from scrap)
210 210
Concrete 240 240
Concrete block 264 264
Recycled aluminum (100% recycled content)
300 300
Steel (virgin) 660 660
Plastic 580 237
Aluminum (virgin) 4,260 4,260
1/ Values are based on life cycle assessment and include gathering and processing of raw materials, primary and secondary processing, and transportation. 2/ Source: USEPA (2006). 3/ A carbon content of 49% is assumed for wood.
Net Carbon Emissions
Material
Net Carbon Emissions
(kg C/metric ton)
Net Carbon Emissions Including Carbon Storage
Within Material
(kg C/metric ton) 3/
Framing lumber 50 -457
Medium density fiberboard (virgin fiber)
100 -382
Brick 80 80
Glass 150 150
Recycled steel (100% from scrap)
210 210
Concrete 240 240
Concrete block 264 264
Recycled aluminum (100% recycled content)
300 300
Steel (virgin) 660 660
Plastic 580 237
Aluminum (virgin) 4,260 4,260
Life Cycle Assessment - Steel
http://www.steel.org
Life Cycle Assessment - Concrete
http://www.cement.org/basics/howmade.asps
Life Cycle Assessment-Wood
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Carbon Absorbed & Sequestered Carbon Stored
Forestry Forestry Practices
Clearcutting
Deforestation Scientific practice to help
accelerate forest regeneration.
Deforestation
CONVERSION to another use Agriculture & Cattle Ranching
Cattle Ranching 65-70%
Agriculture 25-35%
Logging 2-3%
Sustainable Forestry
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Global Sustainable Forestry
Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes
Global Umbrella organization supported by 149 governments, covering 85% of the world’s forest area
Forest Stewardship Council Addresses social issues w/ international reach into countries where no legal and institutional framework for social rights and values
Global Sustainable Forestry
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada,
Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Italy,
Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United
States
Global Sustainable Forestry
www.pefc.org
PEFC Certified Forestry
Canadian Standards Association • Public land
• Rigorous public participation process
Sustainable Forestry Initiative • Private land • Public land •www.sfiprogram.org
American Tree Farm System
• Affordable certification for family & small forest landowners
Inclusive vs. Exclusive LEED
FSC only LCA NOT considered Wood NOT renewable LEED Accredited professional
required for entire process Expensive
GREEN GLOBES FSC, CSA, SFI, ATFS LCA Wood is renewable Web Based, accessible format Inexpensive ANSI Standard (2009)
Commercial Green Building Rating Systems
GREEN GLOBES
FSC PEFC
ATF
CSA
SFI
LEED U.S.
FSC FSC
BREEAM
FSC PEFC
SFI
ATF
CSA
USGBC is the ONLY certifier in the WORLD that does NOT accept PEFC
Note: Standards endorsed by PEFC include those in Australia, Austria, Belgium,
Brazil, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States (SFI and ATFS).
103 global ha certified to FSC
210 global ha certified to PEFC
PEFC North America (66%)
FSC North America (35%)
World-Wide Sustainable Forestry
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Acres of Sustainably Managed Forest
0
50
100
150
200
250
CSA SFI FSC ATFS
Hec
tare
s
Forests in North America Source: Sustainable Forestry Initiative, October 2007
Coal Mining = Deforestation
7% Hydro
3% Renewables
2009 Electric Sector Generation
M Please consider the environment before printing this e-mail.
“Dryers help protect the environment. They save trees from being used…”
Think About the Messages…
Glacier National Park 2011
Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic
Glacier National Park 2011
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Glacier National Park 2011
Richmond Oval – Vancouver Olympics
Architects: Cannon Design Engineer: Fast & Epp Builder: StructureCraft
Exceeding Expectations…
Sustainability
Moisture
Durability
Fire
Materials & Moisture
No building material is exempt…
Condensation (moisture) + Dirt / Dust = MOLD
Moisture + = Mold Food Dust/Dirt
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Managing Moisture is key…
No Kick-out Flashing!
Courtesy www.dryflekt.com
Kick out diverter under siding
Old Growth Wood - 1,000 years old
www.aquatimber.com
Fulton County Stadium, Atlanta,
Georgia,
1965-1997
Durability – based on materials?
Horyuji Temple, Ikaruga,
Nara, Japan 607-711
12th Century, 1374, 1603
Prentice Women’s Hospital, Chicago
Architect: Bertrand Goldberg – Built 1975 Useful life: 37 years???
Many Glacier Hotel, Montana
Built - 1915
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Five Story Wood Structure
1915 - ?
Many Glacier Hotel, Glacier Nat’l Park, MT
Butler Brothers Building – 9 Stories
Built 1906 500,000 s.f.
Butler Square today…
Architect: Harry W. Jones Renovated 1974
Structural System = Long Useful Life?
No Relationship! Reasons for demolition
•Changing Land values •Lack of suitability •Lack of maintenance
http://www.cwc.ca/NR/rdonlyres/67D42613-BF5D-4573-BD43-C430B0B72C08/0/Service_Life_E.pdf
Fire
Heavy Timber resists fires through charring and maintains strength
http://www.awc.org/pdf/tr10.pdf
Heavy Timber Fire Design
CHAR !
Char protects the inner core.
Cold wood Cold wood
Cold wood Heated wood Char Layer
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Fire Resistive Construction Resources
http://www.aitc-glulam.org/shopcart/Pdf/superior%20fire%20resistance.pdf
http://www.awc.org/pdf/tr10.pdf Public Library, Beaverton, OR.
Wood and the Environment: Building Occupant Environment
“the connections that human beings subconsciously seek with
the rest of life”
Biophilia = “love of living systems”
Social psychologist Erich Fromm/Edward Wilson 1980s
Emotional connection…
when people see and touch wood…
Recent Study – Univ. of B.C. / FPI
“…the presence of visual wood surfaces in a room lowered sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation. The SNS is responsible for physiological stress responses in humans.”
“Stress, as measured by sympathetic nervous system activation,
lower in the wood room in all periods of the study.”
Wood = Health Benefits Using wood materials in new ways…
Sentinal Structures
Credit Valley Hospital Beaverton Library, OR
Prairie Island, MN Brentwood Station, BC Bellevue Transit Station Bridges - Norway
Credit Valley Hospital Convention Ctr, Vancouver Sentinel Structures
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and more new ways…
Credit Valley Hospital Vancouver Convention
Center
Richmond Oval Richmond Oval Lincoln Park Pavilion Gilroy High School, CA
Aquatics Facilities
Recreational Facilities
Prairie Island, MN
Aquatic Facilities
Percy Norman Aquatic Center Hughes Condon Marler, B.C. LEED Gold
Photo: naturallywood.com
Solemar Salt-water Baths Bad Durreim, Germany
World’s Largest Wood Dome ?
530 ft. diameter 152 ft. tall Built 1981-83 Seating for 23,000 Architect: McGranahan & Messenger, Tacoma, WA
Tacoma Dome
Superior Dome - Michigan
14 Stories; Diameter of 536 ft. ; 5.1 acres 781 D.F. beams 108.5 miles of fir decking. Snow loading to 60 pounds per square foot & 80 mile per hour winds.
Superior Dome - Michigan
David Clark Photography
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Healthcare
Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Center
Salter Farrow Pilon Architects Inc.
Photos: Tom Davenport
Herrington Recovery Center – Oconomowoc, WI Oconomowoc, WI Owner: Rogers Memorial Hospital Architect: TWP Architecture Structural Engineer: Pujara Wirth Torke, Inc. General Contractor: VJS Construction Services Completed: 2009 Awards: WoodWorks 2010 Green Building Award Environmental Design + Construction 2010 Excellence in Design Non-Profit Healthcare Finalist American Society of Interior Designers Wisconsin Chapter Silver Award for the Healthcare Category SE2 Award (Sustainability Energy Efficiency) Special Citation from the Wisconsin Green Building Alliance
Owner: Rogers Memorial Hospital Arch: TWP Architecture S.E.: Puiara Wirth Torke, Inc. G.C.: VJS Construction Srv.
2010 Green Building Award
Willson Hospice House – Albany, GA
Perkins & Will, Atlanta, GA Jim Roof Creative Photography
Carlo Fidani Peel Regional Cancer Center
Mississauga, Ontario
Farrow Partnership Architects
Centers for the Arts/ Institutional Myrick Hixon EcoPark Building - WI
Whole Trees Architecture, Stoddard, WI
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Branson Convention Center - MO Architect: TVSdesign S.E.: Walter P. Moore
Glulam: TimberWeld Manufacturing Frank Gehry / Gehry International Architects Inc.
Art Gallery of Ontario – Toronto
Bing Thom Architects
Fast+Epp Structural Engineers
StructureCraft Builders
Washington, D.C.
Arena Stage at the Mead Center Arena Stage at the Mead Center
Transportation
Rupert Station – Vancouver, B.C.
Jackson Hole International Airport
Jackson, Wyoming Architects: Gensler Project Type: Airport Expansion & Renovation
Photo: Cheryl Ciecko
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Jackson Hole International Airport
2010 - LEED Silver Certification Building Size: 115,578 s.f. Const. Cost: $30.6 million
Photos: Cheryl Ciecko
Raleigh Durham International Airport
Fentress Architects Denver, CO
Stewart Engineering, Inc. ARUP Engineering
Arquitectura, Inc. – Milwaukee, WI Commercial Wood Design Award 2009
Photos by Arquitectura
Layton Petro Mart --- Greenfield, WI Heavy Timber Braced Frames (HTBF)
Hedmark County, Norway
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Bridge Engineering 158 March 2005 Issue BE1
The Structural Engineer 16 September 2008
Modern Timber Bridges – 100 yr . Life! Tynset Bridge
Flisa Bridge
230 ft. 184 ft. 171 ft.
Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Glulam
Unreinforced (0%) 1% GFRP 2% GFRP 3% GFRP
6.75" x 52-1/2" DF with 6.75" x 0.525" GFRP on tension face
6.75" x 45" DF with 6.75" x 0.9" GFRP on tension face
6.75" x 43-1/2" DF with 6.75" x 1.3" GFRP on tension face
6.75" x 66" DF
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Fiber Reinforce Polymers (FRP)
Tension reinforced Glulam FRP reinforced shearwalls Blast Resistant technology
FRP use in Blast Resistant testing
Blast Testing Results
Before
After
Office / Midrise Wood Core w/ Fiberglass Epoxy
Vertical laminated panel - 22” high x 15’ wide x 39’ long
Encapsulated in fiberglass epoxy weighing 43,000 pounds.
Wood Core w/ Fiberglass Epoxy
Fiberglass wood composite bridge panels side by side being prepared for prefit/shipping
Fire Retardant Treated Wood
Fire- retardant process is throughout the material.
Photo: Hoover Treated Wood Products FRTW cannot provide additional fuel to the fire…
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Podium Structure Marselle Condos Seattle, WA PB Architects
Photo: Matt Todd
Trussed Shear Walls Trussed shear walls
NEESWood Project
Midply Walls
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLhg8YxlzlU
Mid-Ply Shearwalls
Nail in single shear
Nail in double shear
Sheathing Stud or
Plate
Grain direction
89 mm
Stud or Plate
38 mm 38 mm
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Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)
Photos provided by FPInnovations
How does CLT work?
Nine Story Wood Building in UK
Architect: WaughThistleton Architects – London, England
Carbon storage = 210 years of 10% reduction in CO2
Saved 23 weeks…
Melbourne Victoria Harbour at Docklands
Lead Lease – Australia 10 Stories
Post Tensioning Moment connections for Heavy Timber Rapid erection Lightweight Low carbon footprint Earthquake resistant
OFFICE: 3555 Hayden, Culver City, CA
Eric Owen Moss Architects
San Diego, CA
2009 CA Commercial Design Award Winner Tom Bonner Photography
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OneOne
One Realtor Center Tyler, TX Ken Killian Architects Garland, TX
Glulam Shapes = Infinite Possibilities
Art Gallery of Ontario -Gehry
Credit Valley Hospital, Ontario Richmond Oval
Boston Pizza, Vancouver, WA
Norway Bridge
Ås, near Oslo, Norway 2001
Glulam with LVL Tension Lamination
LVL Tension Lam
•Full length- no finger joints
•Greater tensile strength = 3000 psi
Glulam Floor Beams - EWS C415 & Y117
Glulam Design Properties and Layup
Combinations - EWS Y117
University & School Facilities
Bethel University, MN
Roosevelt University, CA
Michael Smith Building
Univ. of British Columbia
CADM Architects Photos by W.I. Bell & Dennis Ivy
EL Dorado High School – WOW!
$2.7 million savings due to use of wood framing!
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Main Street Corridor – 24 ft wide Richmond Christian School
Beaverton Library, Oregon Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs)
Inspirational Projects
Oakland, CA
Skidmore, Ownings & Merrill Architects & Engineers/ Kendall Heaton Architects Glulam Supplier: Western Wood Structures, Inc.
Cathedral of Christ the Light
Cathedral of Christ the Light, CA •110 feet tall •Designed for a 1000 yr. earthquake event •Designed for building life of 300 years
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
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Belmont Abbey College Chapel
WGM Design, Inc. Lancaster County Timber Frame
Belmont, NC
Bartzen + Ball, PLLC - Architects
The Bishop's Chapel at Roslyn Retreat Center Richmond, VA
Industrial Panelized Roofs
Construction Savings:
• Batt insulation Savings
• Construction Detail Savings
• Construction Time Savings
• Safer Construction
Panelized Roofs
What is Next?! .. Wood Sky Scraper
A design concept of a 36- storey building out of CLT & concrete (Infill CLT
walls and
floors) 20-Stories- CLT Building in Norway…
Sky is the Limit!
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CREE designed structure to be built in Dornburn, Austria
Passivhuis standard … All components - local and prefabricated.
30 stories - tallest timber structure ???
Life Cycle Tower
HBV floor panels Composite action – reinforced concrete and wood
Alternatives for: Reinforced-
concrete floors Conventional steel
composite systems Flexural and two-
way load bearing planks Pre-stressed
steel concrete hollow box floor
The Case for Tall Wood Buildings
How Mass Timber Offers a Safe, Economical, and Environmentally Friendly Alternative for Tall Building Structures www.woodworks.org
Michael Green: The beauty and impact of a wooden skyscraper
Wood Cube vs. Concrete Cube
45450 kg Sequesters
1 ton of GHGs
45450 kg -22% size Generated
2 tons of GHGs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHbD_X456BA
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The benefits of using wood… Cost
Faster construction time
Easy to work with
Aesthetics
Sustainability Carbon Renewable
Source: USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis National Woodland Owner Survey. Forests: University of Maryland, MODIS Vegetation Continous Fields; Public Ownership: University of California Santa Barbara Managed Area Database; States: ESRI Data and Maps
Forest ownership in the United States, 2003
A forest that stays… Is a forest that pays.
Private = 57% Public = 43%
WOOD is the ONLY material:
Renewable & provides assurance of Environmental Responsibility regarding production.
Wood is Good! The Future???
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fpl_gtr190.pdf
Resources - FPL Questions?
This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
Cheryl A. Ciecko WoodWorks
Wood Products Council
THANK YOU!