wonders of world1

8/14/2019 Wonders of World1

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Total weight of the metal structure is 7300 tons and total weight of the tower is10,100 tons.

The number of steps in tower are 1665. Its height is 324m (with flagpole).


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Eiffel Tower in History


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Eiffel Tower at Night


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THE STATUE OF LIBERTY

Location The Statue of Liberty stands on Ellis

Island, New York, USA.

History The Statue given to the United States

by the Paris based Union (Franco-American Union) in 1876.

It stands in the mouth of the HudsonRiver in New York Harbor as awelcome to all visitors, immigrants,and returning Americans.

On February 18, 1879, Bartholdi wasgranted a design patent.

The sculptor was Frederic AugusteBartholdi.

Alexandre Gustave Eiffel engineeredthe internal structure


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Interesting Facts The statue is 151 feet and one inch tall. And with the foundation it is 305 feet

tall. The Statue was completed in France in

July, 1884 and arrived in New YorkHarbor on June 17, 1885.

Transported in a Ship French frigate"Isere.

Number of individual pieces shipped toUS were 350.

The Statue was re-assembled on hernew pedestal in four months' time.


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THE HOOVER DAM

Location Located in the Black Canyon on the

Colorado River, Hoover Dam lies aboutthirty miles southeast of Las Vegas,Nevada.

History Over flow of Colorado river before the

dam was built. Colorado River Compact November 24

1922. The contract to make the Boulder dam

was awarded to Six Companies, Inc.on March 11, 1931.

Construction began in 1931 and wascompleted in 1936.


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Interesting Facts The dam crosses the border between

two time zones, the Pacific Time Zoneand the Mountain Time Zone.

Power distribution: nearly 45 % toCalifornia, 24 % Nevada and 19 % to

Arizona. Made during great depression, givingmore than 16000 people jobs.

It was the first human-made structureto exceed the masonry mass of theGreat Pyramid of Giza.

Lake Mead is the reservoir created

behind the dam, one of the largestman made lake on earth. Dam length: 1244ft (379.2m ).


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THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU, GIZA

Location The Great Pyramid of Giza stands on

the northern edge of the Giza Plateau,located about 10 miles west of Cairo.

History Believed by mainstream Egyptologists

to have been constructed inapproximately 20 years.

The generally accepted estimate for itsdate of completion is 2560 BC.

Description The Great Pyramid of Khufu is the

oldest and largest of the threepyramids in the Giza pyramidcomplex.

The pyramid was constructed of cutand dressed blocks of limestone,basalt or granite.


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The core was made mainly of roughblocks of low quality limestone takenfrom a quarry at the south of KhufusGreat Pyramid.

An estimated 2.4 million blocks wereused in the construction.

High quality limestone was used forthe outer casing, with some of theblocks weighing up to 15 tones.

This limestone came from Tura, about8 miles away on the other side of theNile.

Granite quarried nearly 500 milesaway in Aswan with blocks weighingas much as 60-80 tons, was used forthe portcullis doors and relievingchambers.


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Interesting Facts The total mass of the pyramid is

estimated at 5.9 million tons with avolume believed to be 2,600,000cubic meters.

The pyramid is the largest in Egypt

and the tallest in the world. The Great Pyramid is composed of about 2 million blocks of limestonewhich weigh from 2 to 70 tons each.

Its base covers over 13 acres. Today, the pyramid is entered through

an opening that tradition tells us was

cut through the masonry in 820AD byCaliph Al-Mamun.


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A construction management study(testing) carried out by the firmDaniel, Mann, Johnson, & Mendenhallin association with Mark Lehner andother Egyptologists, estimates that thetotal project required an averageworkforce of 13,200 people and a

peak workforce of 40,000. Polish architect Wieslaw Kozinski

believed that it took as many as 25men to transport a 1.5-ton stoneblock. Based on this, he estimated theworkforce to be 300,000 men on theconstruction site, with an enormous

additional 60,000 off-site.


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THE PYRAMID FROM INSIDE

Kings Chamber Queens Chamber

Subterranean Chamber Grand Gallery


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The Entrance The original entrance leads into the

descending passage which slopesdown at an angle of about 26 degrees.It is a narrow passage which measuresabout 3 1/2 feet wide by almost 4 feethigh. The distance of this descendingpassage to the beginning of thehorizontal Subterranean chamberpassage is about 344 feet.

The ascending passage slopes up at asame 26-degree angle and has thesame dimensions as the descendingpassage. Following the ascendingpassage for 124 feet, we finally arriveat a large open space known as theGrand Gallery.


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The Map


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The Junction

At this point of intersection, you cantake one of two routes. You cancontinue going up the grand galleryand eventually end up in the Kingschamber or continue in a horizontaldirection through another passage(127 feet long) and wind up in theQueens chamber.


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The Grand Gallery

The ascending passage opens up into a large open space known as the GrandGallery. It is a hall 153 feet long and 7 feet wide at the floor level and about 28 feethigh It continues upward at the same slope as the ascending passage.


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The Relief Chambers This chamber, which measures 10.45

meters long, 5.20 meters wide and5.80 meters high, is truly amasterpiece of ancient Egyptianarchitecture, made entirely of pinkgranite. It had to be built to resist anenormous amount of pressure. Its flatceiling is composed of nine hugeblocks with a combined weight of overfour hundred tons. Above it are noless than five, carefully designed relief chambers


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Queens Chamber

The horizontal passage which runs for 127 feet wind up in the Queens Chamber.This passage is 3 feet 9 inches high and 3 feet 5 inches wide. A sudden drop of 2feet occurs towards the end of the passage before the entrance to the Queen'sChamber.


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In the center of this chamber onthe east side is a square pit whichis known as the "bottomless pit.


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