women nobel prize winners in science by: beth hooper karlota owen joanie schmidt brenda...
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Women Nobel Prize Winners in Science
By: Beth Hooper Karlota Owen
Joanie Schmidt Brenda Shephard-Ross
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Table of ContentsMarie Curie 1867-1934By: Karlota OwenSlides 3 – 5
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin 1910-1994
By: Joanie SchmidtSlides 6 - 8
Barbara McClintock 1902-1992
By: Brenda Shephard-RossSlides 9 - 11
Gertrude Elion 1918-1999By: Beth HooperSlides 12 - 14
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Reference Slides 15 - 19
Marie CurieBorn Maria Sklodowska in Warsaw,
Poland on November 6, 1867Both of her parents were teachersIn 1891, Curie attended the
Sorbonne in Paris1893, received a Bachelor’s Degree
in Physics and MathematicsIn July 1895, She married Pierre
Curie, Professor in the school of Physics
In 1896, She received a Teacher’s Diploma 3
(Portrait of Marie Curie)
The Works of Marie CurieIn 1897, after publishing a paper
on the magnetism of steel, she began to study uranium
According to Pais (2006), she discovered that “Thorium oxide is even more active than metallic uranium”
In July 1898, with the help of her husband, Curie discovered and named Polonium
In December of 1898, they discovered and named radium
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(Portrait of Marie and Pierre Curie)
The Works of Marie Curie Cont.In 1903, Marie and Pierre Currie were
awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work with uranium, making her the first woman to win a Nobel Prize
Awarded the Davy Medal of the Royal Society
Became the Head of the Physics Laboratory at Sorbonne
In 1906, She became the first woman Professor of General Physics in the Faculty of Sciences
In 1911, She became the first woman to win a second Nobel Prize, this one in Chemistry
In 1934, She died of radiation poisoning
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(Portrait of Marie Curie in her
Chemistry lab)
Dorothy Crowfoot HodgkinBorn in Cairo on May 12, 1910Found an interest in chemistry
and crystals at the early age of 10
Took a special course in crystallography and did research in x-ray crystallography
Received her education in chemistry at Somerville College, Oxford
Obtained PH.D. at Cambridge University in 1937
Teacher in chemistry for women’s colleges and university lecturer 6
(Portrait of Dorothy Hodgkin)
The works of Dorothy Hodgkin“Hodgkin studied the
structures of cholecalciferol (vitamin D2) and lumisterol and, with C.H. Carlisle, she correctly analyzed cholesterol iodide, the first complex organic molecule to be determined completely by X-ray crystallography.” (Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot, (2008))
Working with x-ray analysis some of her discoveries were:Cholesterol in 1937Penicillin in 1945Vitamin B12 in 1954Insulin in 1969
Vitamin B12 Structure(Mills, 2008)
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The works of Dorothy Hodgkin Cont.
In 1964 won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for the discovery of the Vitamin B12 structure
In 1965 she was the second woman ever to receive the honor of being admitted to the Order of Merit
Lenin Peace Prize in 1987
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(Hodgkin with vitamin structure)
Barbara McClintockBorn in Connecticut on June
16, 1902Found a love for science while
in high schoolParents not fond of post high
school education for womenReceived her BS degree in
Botany in 1923/ from Cornell College of Agriculture
Barbara was awarded her Nobel Prize in 1983 in the category of Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of genetic transposition 9
(Portrait of Barbara McClintock)
The works of Barbara McClintock“She indentified two new
dominant and interacting genetic loci that she named Dissociator (Ds) and Activator (Ac)”. (http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Barbara_McClintock)
While studying the chromosomes of corn kernels she discovered that both loci could change positions or transpose on the chromosome
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(Barbara McClintock with Corn)
The works of Barbara McClintock Cont.During Barbara’s
research she showed how genes were responsible for turning physical characteristics on and off during transposition
Since women were not allowed to major in genetics Barbara earned her MA and PhD in botany
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(Barbara McClintock Postage Stamp)
Gertrude Elion (1918) Born in New York City to
immigrant parents.
(1941) Graduated with Masters from New York University in Chemistry.
(1944) Became assistant to George Hitchings at Burroughs Wellcome Co.
(1950) Synthesizes Purinethol a drug that cures childhood leukemia when used with drugs later developed.
(1959) Imuran an immunosupressant helps organ transplantation become a viable option for patients.
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Portrait of Gertrude Elion
Gertrude Elion’s Later Career (1969) Receives Honorary Doctorate from George
Washington University.
(1970’s) Helps create Zovirax, the first drug to treat viral infections.
(1984) Elion’s lab creates AZT the only AIDS drug treatment until the 1990’s.
(1988) Shares Nobel Prize with George Hitchings for their work on drug design and discoveries about chemotherapy.
(1999) Dies at the age of 81 in North Carolina.
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Other Notable Works:Zyloprim which is used in
the treatment of Gout.
Daraprim which was designed for the treatment of Malaria.
Septra which is used to combat meningitis, septicemia, and bacterial infections of the urinary and respiratory tracts.
Zovirax which is used for the treatment of viral herpes.
14 Gertrude Elion at her lab.
References[Barbara McClintock Postage Stamp]. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Barbara_McClintock
[Barbara McClintock with Corn]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.fembio.org/images/uploads/WF-barbara-mcclintock.jpg
Burkhardt, C. (n.d.). Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin. Retrieved January 12, 2010 from http://www.sjsu.edu/depts/Museum/hodgki.html
Citizendium.http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Barbara_McClintock [Web] Retrieved February 9, 2010
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin. (2010). Retrieved January 21, 2010 from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1964/hodgkin-bio.html
Dorothy Hodgkin. (n.d.). Retrieved January 21, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin
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References (Cont.)Froman, N. (1996, December 1). Marie and Pierre Curie and the
Discover of Polonium and Radium. Retrieved from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/articles/curie/index.html
[Gertrude Elion.](n.d.). Digital image. Academy of Achievement. Web. 14 Feb. 2010. <www.achievement.org>.
[Gertrude Elion.](n.d.). Digital image. Web. 14 Feb. 2010. <www.nobelprize.org>.
Glusker, J. P. (2006) Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (1910-1994). In N. Byers & G. Williams (Eds.). Out of the Shadows: Contributions of twentieth-century women to physics (pp 240-261). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot (1910-1994). (2008). In Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Retrieved from McGraw-Hill Access Science Encyclopedia of Science & Technology Online. Retrieved February 5, 2010 from http://www.accessscience.com
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References (Cont.)[Hodgkin with Vitamin Structure]. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/0/A/V/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin.jpg
Jewish Women's Archive. "JWA - Gertrude Elion - Timeline." <http://jwa.org/exhibits/wov/elion/tmline.html> (February 14, 2010).
Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Prizes 1988, Editor Tore Frängsmyr, [Nobel Foundation], Stockholm, 1989
Marie Curie. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-faq.html
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References (Cont.)Mills, B. (2008). [Stick model of cyanocobalamin]. Cyanocobalamin-
3D-sticks. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:cyanocobalamin-3D-stick.png
Nobel Lectures, Physics 1901-1921, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1967. Retrieved from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-bio.html
Pais, A. Marie Curie (1867-1934). In N. Byers & G. Williams (Eds.). Out of the Shadows: Contributions of twentieth-century women to physics (pp 43-54). New York: Cambridge University Press.
[Portrait of Barbara McClintock]. (n.d.). Retrieved fromhttp://biology.kenyon.edu/slonc/bio3/people/mcclintock.gif
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References (Cont.)[Portrait of Dorothy Hodgkin]. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/Portraits/images/hodgkins2c.jpg
[Portrait of Marie Curie]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/marie-curie-faq.html
[Portrait of Marie and Pierre Curie] (n.d.). Retrieved from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/marie-curie-photo.html
[Portrait of Marie Curie in her Chemistry lab] (n.d.). Retrieved from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/marie-curie-photo.html
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