Women In SportFatima Sultani, Sasen Efrem, Dimple Patel, Fahmeda Ahmed

The role of Women in sport is heavily affected by the .sexist views of men

sex·ism [sek-siz-uhm]   noun

Prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex1

1- "sexism". Oxford Dictionaries Pro. April 2010. Oxford Dictionaries Pro. April 2010. Oxford University Press. 4 December 2011 <http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sexism>.

What is sexism?

During the 1800’s the role of women was purely reproductive. They were heavily discouraged to participate in physical activity.

1800’s (1849)

Bloomers allowed them to participate in bike

riding, without showing much skin, but they

were ridiculed immensely.

During the 1920’s women, such as Nellie McClung fought to be considered “persons” and for the right to vote.

1920’s (1928)

Fanny Rosenfeld is one of Canada’s best athletes, placing second in the Amsterdam Olympics for the 800 yard race

1952 Beauty Parade magazine stereotyping woman drivers.

1950’s (1954)

Marilyn Bell is the first person to swim across

Lake Ontario after 20hrs and

57 minutes. She is one of the

few women to receive national

attention.

Equal Pay Act of 1963 allowed American women to get the same amount of pay for the same job as a man.

1960’s (1963)“Title IX:"No person in the United States

shall, on the basis of gender, be excluded from participation in… education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance”

Abby Hoffman became a world-class middle-distance runner and

brought home 2 gold metals for Olympic 880-yard event.

Roberta Gibb battled tremendous sexism while running the Boston Marathon in 1966. She was untrained but still finished in 3:20.

1980’s (1984)

It was not until the Summer Games of 1980 that women were allowed to participate in marathons.

Women's best times have improved by an annual average of more than 2 minutes and 47 seconds compared with just 66 seconds for men.

1990’s (1999)

To be the world's best racquet sport in terms of administration, TV and spectator appeal and as a sport for people of all ages, skill level and cultural backgrounds.

http://www.bwfbadminton.org/page.aspx?id=14873

The website (above) is used to show how many female members are part of this organisation

Man make up most of this sport governing body( there are only two females in this corporation)

Badminton receives low TV ratings

Badminton World Federation’s Vision:

Women are still “allowed to wear shorts of long pants for religious reasons [but] must be worn under a skirt” (article)

BWF(Badminton World Foundation) is accused of using skin and leg to sell the sport badminton to gain more TV ratings

This picture is used to show what they council wants the uniform to be

and what they are banning.

A study was conducted by Margaret Carlisle Duncan, Michael Messner, Linda Williams and Kerry Jensen

Commentators referred to men’s sports events as “the final four” and “the NCAA National Championship Game”.

women’s sports events were referred to as “women’s final four” and “NCAA women’s national Championship game”

How Females are portrayed compared to men

Women were called “girls” “ young ladies”

Men however were never called “boys” they were called “men”

commentators referred to women by their first names in tennis, however most men, with the exception of men with color, were called out by their first and last name.

For women words like “frustrated, panicked and vulnerable” were used. However for men words such as “big, strong, brilliant” were used

males “crash through" the defense, while woman would be "moving against" the defense

When a female missed a shot it would be because of lack of stamina or confidence. However when a male missed a shot it was because the opponent was talented

Coed teams in basketball women get 2 points per

basket when men get only one. hardly anyone complaints about the

differences between how men and women are treated in sports.

For example Massachusetts youth soccer league put up a warning on the online registration that read “Note: If you are attempting to register a daughter, please be aware that Newton Youth Soccer is co-ed, but primarily boys”

Michaela Hutchison was the first girl in us to win state high school wrestling title over boys.

Germaine de Randamie was a kick boxer who knocked out tom Wales

Pamela Reed was a female who ran 300 miles without sleep. Dean Karnazes was a male who attempted to do it twice but failed.

Billie Jean King wanted to become a baseball player but instead became a tennis player. Who won against Bobby Rigs, former world champion.

Katie Brownell played baseball. She struck out 18 batters, all of them boys.

The sexist views of men affect the quality and success of females in sport

Support and interest of others is needed in order for them to succeed and as a result not many talents are produced because of the lack of interest in women sport

Women are discouraged by the views of men

How does this affect women?

A Female Athlete Image

A syndrome which includes disordered eating habits, osteoporosis and amenorrhea

Women have a drive to excel(weight goals)

To reach the weight goals, women look upon eating disorders which eventually lead to other parts of the triad

Also related to the social and cultural pressures on females in society

The Female Triad

Eating disorders occur when the individual is afraid of gaining weight that any way of avoiding weight gain becomes acceptable

There are different kinds of eating disorders Examples: Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and restrictions of different foods, particularly carbohydrates and fats

Psychological factors also lead to eating disorders

Disordered Eating

Absence of regular menstrual periods Occurs when woman is underweight,

body fat is too low, not enough nutrients being consumed or over exercise

Female body should never be below 12 percent body fat

Often serious effects on bone density and calcium absorption

Easily risk fractures and osteoporosis

Amenorrhea

- It is a bone disease which often occurring in poor menopausal women

- Women with this disease can break bones easily but healing process is slow

- Lack of calcium- Symptoms include: Fatigue, anemia,

abdominal pain, etc.- Athletes have a higher chance of

breaking bones

Osteoporosis