WOMEN

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Introduction

• Entrepreneurship is an important factor for

the economic growth of a nation.

• Preference to men than women earlier.

• Women empowerment

Global Scenario of Women

Entrepreneurship

• Women entrepreneurship rate has grown

faster than men.

• Reason is that women started emerging

whereas men have already reached

saturation.

• Women who came from different

background running the business

successfully.

Relevance of Male Models of

Entrepreneurship to Female Entrepreneurs

• The challenges, risks and sacrifices women

are facing are same as the men but women

face additional hurdles.

• Once they proved themselves they are able

to win the support of all.

• Push and pull factors.

• Several studies underlined that it is more

difficult for women to start and be in

business due to:

• Lack of previous opportunity to develop

business skills

• Expectations of financiers or managers of

entrepreneurship and women that influence

the granting of business credit and

• Domestic responsibilities that make them

face a conflict of roles.

Definitions of Concepts

• Women Entrepreneur

An adult woman who undertakes to organize,

own and run an enterprise.

• Women Enterprise

Those enterprises which are primarily owned

and controlled by women, either supported

by other members or individually managed.

• Micro Enterprises

It is an enterprise where the size of

investment is within 1 lakh including the

cost of the plant and the machinery. In

these enterprises, the entrepreneur would

be owner and labourer, mostly employing

family members along with hired labourers.

In some cases, the entrepreneur is self-

employed.

Objectives

• Studies conducted from different countries

revealed that many of the women choose

entrepreneurship due to distress factors.

• Only few could start to use their leisure and

the technology learnt.

Methodology

• The database of women in

microenterprises is weak, the given the

characteristics that they are mostly found in

the informal sector and their contributions

to the household and economy go largely

unaccounted in the national income

accounting.

• Census survey

• Random sampling.

• Most of them are working in the areas like

tailoring and beauty clinics rather than in

production and manufacturing sector.

• Table 12.1

• Table 12.2

• Table 12.3

Factors

• Closed-ended options could be find after a

pilot survey.

• Table 12.4

• Table 12.5

Performance Analysis

• Sample units are compared according to

the base year.

• Mean size of men enterprise is slightly

higher than the women

• Working capital is only one fourth of the

male.

• 12.6

• 12.7

• 12.8

• 12.9

Multiple Regression

• To find out the determinants of

entrepreneurial performance in terms of

growth in investment.

• 12.10

Problems

• A majority of women entrepreneurs felt that

a lack of mobility as restricted by family

which causes problems of marketing the

products or services outside their locality,

and expanding the scales of operations.

• 12.11

Hypotheses Testing

• Economic dependency ratio proved that the

women entrepreneurs’ families depend on

their income; without that they would have

face survival difficulties.

• Dependency of women is defined as the

difference between the income contribution

of the women towards the income bowl of

the family and contribution made by the

other earning members of the family.

• 12.12

• 12.13

• 12.14

Hypothesis 2

• The formal credit access and search are

very poor for microenterprises irrespective

of whether they are owned by men or

women.

• 12.15

SWOT Analysis

Strengths

• Determination to stay in business

• To be successful and expand the enterprise

• To avail government assistance for

expansion

• Support of the family members

• Friendly customers

• No role conflict with family and business

• The courage to withstand ups and downs

Weaknesses

• Unaware of various assistance available from the

government

• Unable to be patient enough to fulfill the formalities

of formal credit

• Complete dependency on informal credit

• Unable to face competition

• Not expanding the sale of operation

• Lack of financial support from family and banks

• Absence of networking etc.

Opportunities

• Microscale units are meeting their demands

right from the lower income to the upper

income group.

• Several schemes of assistance are getting

from the government and non-government

agencies

• Financial institutions with special subsidies

and incentives

• Male member’s support etc.

Threats

• Competition from similar male and female

enterprises

• Lack of experience and education on the

innovation way of doing things

• Technological backwardness

• Service or trade and business rather than

manufacturing etc.

Conclusion

• There is no difference in the performance of

men-owned and women-owned enterpises

except the fact that women have lack of

time to spend with family.

• The access to formal credit is very poor for

microenterprises

• So entrepreneurial activities must be

encouraged among women as instrument

for empowerment.

THANK YOU