Women empowerment

Amala JohnIst year MSc nursing

Vedic period: Scholars believe that in ancient India(1500-1000 BC), the women enjoyed equal status with men in all fields of life, had freedom to choose partners for marriage. Daughters were not considered as liability or unwelcomed guest in the family

Age of Manusmriti (500 – 200 BC): Women were not given freedom at any point of time in her life. Not marring a girl before the age of 14 years was a sin.

CONCEPTS

DEFINITION

The creation of an environment where

women can make independent

decisions on their personal

development as well as shine as equal

as in the society.

1. Domestic violence

CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN

Acid Throwing

Dowry

Female infanticide and sex-selective

abortion

Rape

Sexual harassment

Trafficking

PRE-REQUISITES OF

EMPOWERMENT

• Active participation in social economic and political

spheres.

• Process of decision making empowerment.

• Desired self-respect.

• Social dignity.

• Involvement of women in decision making process.

FACILITATING FACTORS FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

Acknowledging women’s rights

Freedom to take decisions and makechoices.

A Access to education and employment

Opportunities for political participation

Existence of women’s organisations.

Favourable media coverage

RIGHTS OF WOMEN

the right to work as a human being.

The right to the same employment opportunities, including application of the same criteria for selection.

The right to free choice of profession and employment, the right to promotion, job security and all benefits and conditions of service and right to receive vocational training and retraining.

The right to equal remuneration.

The right of social security as well as the right to paid leave.

CONSTRAINING FACTORS FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

• Heavy work load of women.

• Illiteracy.

• Traditional views limit participation.

• No funds.

• Disagreements/conflicts among women's groups.

• Negative and sensational coverage of media

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

INDIA

Women status in three phases:

In ancient India

In medieval India

In modern India

Medieval Period Sati system, child marriage, purdah, devdasi, ban on widow remarriage

Women Status In Medieval India

Women Status In Modern India

Annie Besant 1st female president of INC -1917

Sarojini Naidu

1st Indian female president of INC - 1925

next generation will be empowered

because of her.

financial burden of man can be

shared with her support.

family can be more strong because

of both working hands.

when financial problems will be

shared than results of conflict.

LEVELS OF EMPOWERMENT

ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT

SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT

POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT

LEGAL EMPOWERMENT

EDUCATIONAL EMPOWERMENT

EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN

Economic Empowerment of women

Poverty Eradication

by offering them a range of economic and social options, along with necessary support measures to enhance their capabilities

Micro Credit

strengthening of existing micro-credit mechanisms and micro-finance institution will be undertaken so that the outreach of credit is enhanced

Women and Economy

Their contribution to socio-economic development as producers and workers will be recognized in the formal and informal sectors (including home based workers) and appropriate policies relating to employment and to her working conditions should be drawn up.

Globalization

Benefits of the growing global economy have been unevenly distributed leading to wider economic disparities, the feminization of poverty, increased gender inequality through often deteriorating working conditions and unsafe working environment.

Women and Agriculture

Concentrated efforts should be made to ensure that benefits of training, extension and various programmes will reach them in proportion to their numbers.

Women and Industry

comprehensive support in terms of labour legislation, social security and other support services to participate in various industrial sectors

Support Services

child care facilities, including creches at work places and educational institutions, homes for the aged and the disabled

POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT

The global average of women holding parliamentary seats (18.6 percent) is far from the target of 30 percent set in the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action.

Many factors hinder women’s political participation, such as

political parties being slow to respond to Women’s interest,

under-investment in women’s campaigns,

cultural barriers, and

their domestic and social responsibilities.

Indian Penal Code, 1860 :

Section 304(b) -murder of women in connection with demand of dowry.

Sections 312 to 318 -miscarriage.

. Section 366-A deals -procuration of minor girls for sexual purpose.

Section 376 -punishment for rape

Section 498-A -women to cruelty by her husband or relatives

S. 509- punishment for uttering words and gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman

FOCUS AREAS OF MISSION

Access to health

Drinking water

Sanitation and hygiene facilities for women

coverage of all girls

Higher and professional education for

girls/women

Skill development

Integrated child

protection scheme

Vocationalization of

secondary education

Higher and technical

education.

to address the specific vulnerability of each of group of women in difficult circumstances

through a Home-based holistic and integrated approach.

Millennium development goals

Ministry for women and child development

National policy for empowerment of women

• National Policy For The Empowerment Of

Women ,2001

Goals and objectives:

(i) Creating an environment through positive economic and social

policies for full development of women to enable them to realize their

full potential.

(ii) The de-jure and de-facto enjoyment of all human rights and

fundamental freedom by women on equal basis with men in all spheres

– political, economic, social, cultural and civil

(iii) Equal access to participation and decision making of women in

social, political and economic life of the nation

Goals and objectives

iv) Equal access to women to health care, quality education at all levels,

career and vocational guidance, employment, equal remuneration,

occupational health and safety, social security and public office etc.

(v) Strengthening legal systems aimed at elimination of all forms of

discrimination against women

(vi) Changing societal attitudes and community practices by active

participation and involvement of both men and women.

(vii) Mainstreaming a gender perspective in the development process.

(viii) Elimination of discrimination and all forms of violence against

women and the girl child;

(ix) Building and strengthening partnerships with civil society.

RAJIV GANDHI SCHEME FOR ADOLSCENT

GIRLS(SABLA)

NATIONAL MISSION FOR

EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN

FOCUS AREAS OF MISSION

Access to health, drinking water, sanitation and hygiene facilities for

women.

Coverage of all girls especially those belonging to vulnerable groups in

schools from primary class .

Higher and professional education for girls/ women.

Skill development, micro credit, vocational training, entrepreneurship

development.

Gender sensitization and discrimination.

Taking steps to prevent crimes against women and taking steps for a safe

environment for women.

MISSION POORNA SHAKTI

SWAYAMSIDHA SCHEME:2001

.RASHTRIYA MAHILA KOSH SCHEME

.STEP SCHEME

.INDIRA MAHILA YOJANA

.BALIKA SAMRIDHI YOJANA

.SWA-SHAKTHI PROJECT

MAHILA SAMRIDHI YOJANA

THANKS