women and underrepresented minorities in s&e fields

Women and Underrepresented Minorities in S&E Fields

National Science Foundation

Division of Science Resources Statistics

Mary J. FraseDiversity in the Science and Engineering Workforce

NBER January 14, 2005

National Science FoundationDivision of Science Resources Statistics

www.nsf.gov/statistics/

Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded to Underrepresented Minorities and Women


NOTE: U.S. citizens and permanent residents.SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, Science and Engineering Degrees, by Race/Ethnicity: 1990-1998 and 1992-2001.

Year Total American Indian Black Hispanic Women

1990 1,035,598 4,212 59,301 43,864 556,6391992 1,121,525 5,130 71,311 53,007 613,2361994 1,148,914 6,064 82,316 62,683 631,5961996 1,142,028 6,813 89,554 71,015 635,4591998 1,160,692 7,706 95,878 78,125 656,4302000 1,214,326 8,431 104,212 88,324 698,7822001 1,218,169 8,664 106,648 89,972 702,996

Increase1990-2001 17.6% 105.7% 79.8% 105.1% 26.3%

S&E Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded to Underrepresented Minorities and Women




1990 333,475 1,271 18,230 13,918 142,4951992 364,695 1,561 22,431 17,391 163,7661994 381,451 2,004 26,289 20,529 174,4211996 391,074 2,268 29,055 23,791 184,2461998 396,558 2,533 31,398 26,725 192,8642000 403,489 2,782 33,462 28,939 203,0192001 403,983 2,940 33,869 29,262 204,425

Increase1990-2001 21.1% 131.3% 85.8% 110.2% 43.5%

S&E Master’s Degrees Awarded to Underrepresented Minorities and Women




1990 55,890 181 1,847 1,587 20,1681992 58,177 198 2,356 1,806 22,1141994 65,201 273 2,849 2,514 25,5011996 68,151 304 3,518 2,730 28,1831998 65,748 349 3,756 3,071 28,5842000 64,577 340 4,115 3,319 29,7132001 65,086 413 4,622 3,535 30,745

Increase1990-2001 16.5% 128.2% 150.2% 122.7% 52.4%

S&E Doctoral Degrees Awarded to Underrepresented Minorities and Women


NOTE: U.S. citizens and permanent residents.SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, Science and Engineering Doctorate Awards: 1999 and 2003.


1990 15,364 43 374 468 5,1821992 15,942 69 408 513 5,5771994 18,188 64 498 548 6,4951996 18,647 95 572 626 6,9651998 18,256 96 644 754 7,1712000 17,114 88 710 729 7,1322001 16,338 74 703 673 6,9112002 15,508 70 685 724 6,7002003 15,669 72 661 738 6,801

Increase1990-2003 2.0% 67.4% 76.7% 57.7% 31.2%

Percent of Degrees Awarded to Underrepresented Minorities and Women: 2001



0.7

8.8 7.4

57.7

0.7

8.4 7.2

50.6

0.6

7.1 5.4

47.2

0.54.3 4.1

42.3

0

20

40

60

80

100

American Indian Black Hispanic Women

Percent

All Bachelor's S&E Bachelor's S&E Master's S&E Doctorates

Percent of Degrees Awarded, by Race/ethnicity and Citizenship: 2001


SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, Science and Engineering Degrees, by Race/Ethnicity: 1992-2001.

5.7

9.4

15.7

6.5

7.3

8.8

6.0

49.9

49.6

67.7

70.6

5.0

4.0

3.9

4.9 31.2

28.8

3.8

3.116.3

1.9

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

S&E Doctorates

S&E Master's

S&E Bachelor's

Total Bachelor's

Underrepresented Minorities Asian White Unknown race/ethnicity Unknown citizenship Temporary residents

Percent of Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded to Women, by Field: 2001


NOTE: U.S. citizens and permanent residents.SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, Science and Engineering Degrees, by Race/Ethnicity: 1992-2001.

61.2

50.6

20.3

27.3

48.0

41.6

61.557.257.7

0

20

40

60

80

100

Total Non S&E Science &engineering

Engineering Biological/ agricultural

sciences

Computer sciences

Mathematicalsciences

Physicalsciences

Social/behavioralsciences

Percent

Percent of Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded to Underrepresented Minorities, by Field: 2001



17.1 16.413.1

17.013.8 12.5

18.514.1

16.7

0

20

40

60

80

100



sciences

Computer sciences


Physicalsciences


Percent

Percent of Master’s Degrees Awarded to Women, by Field: 2001



61.364.0

47.2

21.7

54.3

32.5

42.9

37.6

65.5

0

20

40

60

80

100



sciences

Computer sciences


Physicalsciences


Percent

Percent of Master’s Degrees Awarded to Underrepresented Minorities, by Field: 2001



15.013.2

10.312.4

9.5 8.6

17.0

10.0

14.7

0

20

40

60

80

100



sciences

Computer sciences


Physicalsciences


Percent

Percent of Doctoral Degrees Awarded to Women, by Field: 2003


NOTE: U.S. citizens and permanent residents.SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, Science and Engineering Doctorate Awards: 2003.

43.4

20.222.0

29.5 30.3

59.359.7

45.8

50.6

0

20

40

60

80

100



sciences

Computer sciences


Physicalsciences


Percent

Percent of Doctoral Degrees Awarded to Underrepresented Minorities, by Field: 2003


NOTE: U.S. citizens and permanent residents.SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, Science and Engineering Doctorate Awards: 2003.

9.4 8.76.6 6.6 6.8

12.915.2

7.4

11.9

0

20

40

60

80

100



sciences

Computer sciences


Physicalsciences


Percent

Women as a Percent of S&E Graduate Students, by Field: 2002


NOTE: U.S. citizens and permanent residents.SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering: 2002.

46.6

22.5

53.9

29.0

39.337.1

62.7

0

20

40

60

80

100

Science &engineering

Engineering Biological/ agriculturalsciences

Computer sciences


Physical sciences


Percent

Underrepresented Minorities as a Percent of S&E Graduate Students, by Field: 2002


NOTE: U.S. citizens and permanent residents.SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering: 2002.

14.211.0 10.7 10.6 10.7 8.8

20.0

0

20

40

60

80

100

Science &engineering

Engineering Biological/ agriculturalsciences

Computer sciences


Physical sciences


Percent

Proportion of Women in the Workforce, by Occupation: 2000


*Ages 25-64.NOTE: S&E occupations include all ages and only persons with at least a bachelor’s degree.SOURCE: Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2002; Women, Minorities and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2004, data from 2000 Census.

10.9

42.7

65.6

33.4

28.7

25.4

46.1

46.9

50.5

0 20 40 60 80 100

Engineering occupations

Social science occupations

Psychology occupations

Life and physical scienceoccupations

Computer and mathematicaloccupations

All S&E occupations

U.S. employed with at least abachelor's degree

U.S. civilian labor force*

U.S. population*

Percent of total

Proportion of Underrepresented Minorities in the Workforce, by Occupation: 2000


*Ages 25-64 and includes only Blacks and Hispanics in underrepresented minorities.NOTE: Includes non-citizens on temporary visas. S&E occupations include all ages and only persons with at least a bachelor’s degree.SOURCE: Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2002; Women, Minorities and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2004, data from 2000 Census.

6.9

8.7

8.2

7.0

9.3

8.1

11.0

22.1

0 20 40 60 80 100

Engineering occupations

Social science occupations

Psychology occupations

Life and physical scienceoccupations

Computer and mathematicaloccupations

All S&E occupations

U.S. employed with at least abachelor's degree

U.S. civilian labor force*

Percent of total

women and underrepresented minorities in s&e fields

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