WolverineGulo gulo

AppearanceThe wolverine is one of the larger species in the weasel family.It has a wide broad head, short rounded ears, small black beadyeyes and a black muzzle. It has a solid muscular body, a shortbushy tail and strong legs. The wolverine has long, coarse fur,including a dense layer of under-fur. Generally, it is a rich,glossy, dark brown and may have some speckled gray on theforehead and tips of ears. The soles of the feet are furred.Females usually weigh about 10.5kg while males generallyweigh15kg.

Food And FeedingThe wolverine is popularly thought to be able to stand up togrizzly bears and outsmart humans by evading their traps andraiding their caches of food. Perhaps some of the stories areexaggerated, but it is truly a remarkable mammal. A wolverinewill defend its food from animals much larger than itself. It haswell developed scent glands and marks its territory as well as itsfood to discourage others from taking it. The wolverine is asolitary animal and does not generally allow a wolverine of thesame sex to enter its territory. It has a keen sense of smell butappears to have poor eyesight. The wolverine is active both dayand night and can travel great distances in search of food with-out tiring. It follows migrating caribou herds and cleans up thecarcasses left by wolves and bears. If cornered, a wolverine willgrowl, bark and hiss.

Behaviour The wolverine is omnivorous and primarily a scavenger.Although it has the strength to kill large game animals such asdeer, caribou and moose, it only does this occasionally.In addition to feeding on carrion and big game animals in thewinter, it eats eggs from ground-nesting birds, edible roots andberries during the summer months.

Range In Nunavut, thewolverine can befound in all regionsexcept on parts of thehighestarctic islands.

Habitat Formerly, wolverineinhabited the boreal

forests of North America. Today, they are more likely found on thetundra between the tree line and the arctic coasts. They can also befound among rocky outcrops and on steep canyon sides or openplains.

Reproduction The breeding season is between late April and early September.After a gestation period of 6 to 8 months between 2 and 5 youngare born. Newborn wolverines stay in the den in the early summerand the mother brings them food. As they get older, they follow herand she teaches them to hunt. The cubs stay with the mother dur-ing their first winter and leave in the spring. Females have one lit-ter every two or three years.

Status Survival and ManagementAccording to the Nunavut Wild Species 2000 report, the currentstatus of wolverine is sensitive. Wolverine can live several years inthe wild and up to 17 years in captivity. In Nunavut, their preda-tors include humans, and occasionally wolf packs or bears. A longterm monitoring program of the harvested wolverine populationhas been going on in the west Kitikmeot region since 1985-86 andis now extended to the east of the Kitikmeot and the Kivalliqregion.

Did You Know?Wolverine do not have many predators, however, porcupines haveindirectly killed some! This may happen when a wolverine eats aporcupine and some quills are not digested properly. The quillsmay pierce its stomach and lead to internal bleeding and death.

Wildlife Fact Sheets

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