WLCOME TO ALL ANWARA HASINA CHIEF INSTRUCTER (CIVIL) TECHNICAL TEACHERS TRAINING CLASS:B Sc-in TCEH. Education. Subject: Water Resources Engineering. Time:50 min. TodayS Leason: Learning Out At the end session learning will be able to: 1.Define Water Cycle. 2.Describe The Terms- Precipitation, Evaporation, Eva po transpiration, Infiltration, Surface nun off, Aquifers and Ground water Flow. 3.Draw Water Cycle System. The Water Cycle Water on Earth is always changing. Its repeating changes make a cycle. As water goes through its cycle, it can be a solid (ice), a liquid (water), or a gas (water vapor). Ice can change to become water or water vapor. Water can change to become ice or water vapor. Water vapor can change to become ice or water. Water Cycle or Hydrologic Cycle. Description Of Teams: AIr, Evapotranspiration, Ttranspireration Pprecipitation. Surface groundwater Iinfiltration. Aaquifers, Water CYcle Water Cycle Ask Questions Water Cycle Or Hydraulic Cycle Evaluation: 1.Define Water Cycle. 2.Define The Terms Precipitation, Infiltration, Evapo transpiration, Surface run off. 3.Draw Water Cycle. Home Work: Draw a hydraulic cycle. Next class: we will learn sources of water. Hydraulic Cycle Water Cycle or Hydrologic Cycle. Water Cycle Showing Carbon Cycle. Water Cycle Showing The Percentage. Water Cycle Or Hydraulic Cycle. Water Cycle How do these changes happen? Adding or subtracting heat makes the cycle work. If heat is added to ice, it melts. If heat is added to water, it evaporates. Evaporation turns liquid water into a gas called water vapor. If heat is taken away from water vapor, it condenses. Condensation turns water vapor into a liquid. If heat is taken away from liquid water, it freezes to become ice. The water cycle is called the cycle hydrologic. In the hydrologic cycle, water from oceans, lakes, swamps, rivers, plants, and even you, can turn into water vapor. Water vapor condenses into millions of tiny droplets that form clouds. Clouds lose their water as rain or snow, which is called precipitation. Precipitation is either absorbed into the ground or runs off into rivers. Water that was absorbed into the ground is taken up by plants. Plants lose water from their surfaces as vapor back into the atmosphere. Water that runs off into rivers flows into ponds, lakes, or oceans where it evaporates back into the atmosphere. The cycle continues. Processes: Many different processes lead to movements and phase changes in water Precipitation Condensed water vapor that falls to the Earth's surface. Most precipitation occurs as rain, but also includes snow, hail, fog drip, graupel, and sleet. [1] Approximately 505,000 km 3 (121,000 cu mi) of water falls as precipitation each year, 398,000 km 3 (95,000 cu mi) of it over the oceans. [2] The rain on land contains 107,000 km 3 (26,000 cu mi) of water per year and a snowing only 1,000 km 3 (240 cu mi). [3] Canopy interception The precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage, eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground. Snowmelt The runoff produced by melting snow. Runoff The variety of ways by which water moves across the land. This includes both surface runoff and channel runoff. As it flows, the water may seep into the ground, evaporate into the air, become stored in lakes or reservoirs, or be extracted for agricultural or other human uses. Infiltration The flow of water from the ground surface into the ground. Once infiltrated, the water becomes soil moisture or groundwater. [4] Subsurface flow The flow of water underground, in the vadose zone and aquifers. Subsurface water may return to the surface (e.g. as a spring or by being pumped) or eventually seep into the oceans. Water returns to the land surface at lower elevation than where it infiltrated, under the force of gravity or gravity induced pressures. Groundwater tends to move slowly, and is replenished slowly, so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years. Evaporation The transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere. [5] The source of energy for evaporation is primarily solar radiation. Evaporation often implicitly includes transpiration from plants, though together they are specifically referred to as evapotranspiration. Total annual evapotranspiration amounts to approximately 505,000 km 3 (121,000 cu mi) of water, 434,000 km 3 (104,000 cu mi) of which evaporates from the oceans. [2] Sublimation The state change directly from solid water (snow or ice) to water vapor. [6] Deposition This refers to changing of water vapor directly to ice. Advection The movement of water in solid, liquid, or vapor states through the atmosphere. Without advection, water that evaporated over the oceans could not precipitate over land. [7] Condensation The transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air, creating clouds and fog. [8] Transpiration The release of water vapor from plants and soil into the air. Water vapor is a gas that cannot be seen. Percolation Water flows horizontally through the soil and rocks under the influence of gravity Precipitationrainhailfog dripgraupelsleet [1] [2] [3]Canopy interception SnowmeltRunoffchannel runoffInfiltrationsoil moisture [4] Subsurface flowvadose zonegravityEvaporation [5]solar radiation transpirationplantsevapotranspiration [2]Sublimation [6]DepositionAdvection [7]Condensation clouds [8]TranspirationPercolationgravity