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INFS5978 Accounting Information Systems Wk 2 S1 2014
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INFS 5978INFS 5978INFS 5978INFS 5978
INFS5978
Accounting Information Sys tems
School of Information Systems Technolog y and Management
Account ing InformationAccount ing Information
SystemsSystems
AISAIS
Account ing InformationAccount ing Information
SystemsSystems
AISAIS
Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
SECTION 1.1 INFORMATION SYSTEMS INBUSINESS
Business and the information age
The role of IT in business
Data, information, BI and knowledge
ITs impact on business operations
Systems thinking
Roles and responsibilities in IT
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esources
Global IT
SECTION 1.2 BUSINESS STRATEGY Identifying competitive advantages
The Five Forces Model: evaluating industry attractiveness
The three generic strategies: choosing a business focus
Value chain analysis: executing business strategies
Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1.1 Describe the information age and the differences
among data, information, business intelligence and
knowledge.
1.2 Identify the different departments in a company and
INFS 5978 AIS S1 2014 Wk 2 Slide 3Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd
w y ey mus wor oge er o ac eve success.
1.3 Explain systems thinking and how management
information systems enable business communications.
1.4 Describe and compare the different roles and
responsibilities in information technology.
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
BUSINESS AND THE INFORMATION AGE
Fact a confirmed or validated piece of data or
information
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Information age the present time, when
infinite numbers of facts are widely available to
anyone who can use a computer
Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
BUSINESS AND THE INFORMATION AGE
Examples of the power of business and
technology
Amazon not a technology company; primary
business focus was selling books, nowsells
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everything!
Netflix not a technology company; primary
business focus is renting videos
Zappos not a technology company; primary
business focus is selling shoes
Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
THE ROLE OF INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY (IT) IN BUSINESS
Management Information Systems (MIS)
a general name for the business function and
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people, technologies and procedures
(collectively called information systems [IS]) to
solve business problems
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
DATA, INFORMATION, BUSINESS
INTELLIGENCE AND KNOWLEDGE
The core drivers of the information age
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Information
Business intelligence
Knowledge
Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
Data raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
Information data converted into a meaningfuland useful context
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
Business intelligence information
collected from multiple sources, such assuppliers, customers, competitors, partners
and industries, that analyses patterns, trends
and relationships for strategic decision
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
Knowledge includes the skills,experience and expertise, coupled with
information and intelligence, that creates a
persons intellectual resources
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their ability to interpret and analyse
information
Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
ITs IMPACT ON BUSINESS OPERATIONSChallenge: departmental companies
Common departments working independently
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
Solution: management information systemsCommon departments working interdependently
SYSTEMS THINKING
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
Systems thinking a way of monitoring theentire system by viewing multiple inputs being
processed or transformed to produce outputs,
while continuously gathering feedback on each
part
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN IT
Chief information of ficer (CIO) oversees all uses of IT
and ensures the strategic alignment of IT with business
goals and objectives
Chief technology off icer (CKO) responsible for ensuring
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the speed, accuracy, availability and reliability of the
organisations IT
Chief security of ficer (CSO) responsible for ensuring the
security of IT systems, and for developing strategies and
IT safeguards against attacks from hackers and viruses
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN IT
continued
Chief privacy o fficer (CPO) responsible for
ensuring the ethical and legal use of information
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Chief knowledge officer (CKO) responsible for
collecting, maintaining and distributing the
organisations knowledge
Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
IT RESOURCES
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
GLOBAL IT
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
GLOBAL IT continued
Global IT and business strategies
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Cultural business challenges
Political business challenges
Geo-economic business challenges
Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
SECTION 1.2
BUSINESS STRATEGY
INFS 5978 AIS S1 2014 Wk 2 Slide 20Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd
Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
SECTION 1.1 INFORMATION SYSTEMS INBUSINESS Business and the information age
The role of IT in business
Data, information, BI and knowledge
ITs impact on business operations
Systems thinking
Roles and responsibilities in IT
INFS 5978 AIS S1 2014 Wk 2 Slide 21Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd
esources
Global IT
SECTION 1.2 BUSINESS STRATEGY Identifying competitive advantages
The Five Forces Model: evaluating industry attractiveness
The three generic strategies: choosing a business focus
Value chain analysis: executing business strategies
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1.5 Explain why competitive advantages aretemporary.
1.6 Describe Porters Five Forces Model andex lain each of the five forces.
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.
1.7 Compare Porters three generic strategies.
1.8 Demonstrate how a company can addvalue by using Porters value chainanalysis.
Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
IDENTIFYING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Business str ategy a leadership plan that
achieves a specific set of goals or objectives,
such as:
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eve opng a new pro uc or servce
entering a new market
increasing customer loyalty
attracting new customers
increasing sales
Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
IDENTIFYING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGEScontinued
Competitive advantage a product or service that
an organisations customers place a greater value
on than similar offerings from a competitor
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First-mover advantage occurs when an
organisation can significantly affect its market
share by being first to market with a competitive
advantage
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
Competitive i ntelligence the process of
gathering information about the competitive
environment to improve the companys ability to
IDENTIFYING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGEScontinued
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Competitive intelligence tools
Five Forces Model
three generic strategies
value chain analysis
Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
THE FIVE FORCES MODEL
EVALUATING INDUSTRY ATTRACTIVENESS
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
BUYER POWER
Buyer power high when buyers have manychoices of whom to buy from and low whentheir choices are few
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reluctant to switch to another product
Loyalty program rewards customers basedon the amount of business they do with aparticular organisation
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
SUPPLIER POWER
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Supplier power suppliers ability to influence the prices
they charge for supplies
Supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly orindirectly, in the procurement of a product or raw material
Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
THREAT OF SUBSTITUTE
PRODUCTS OR SERVICES
Threat of substitu te products or services
high when there are many alternatives to a
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product or service, and low when there are
few alternatives
Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
Threat of new entrants high when it is easy
for new competitors to enter a market, and low
when there are significant entry barriers
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Entry barrier a feature of a product or
service that customers have come to expect
and that entering competitors must also offer
for survival
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
RIVALRY AMONG EXISTING COMPETITORS
Rivalry among existing competitors high
when competition is fierce in a market, and
low when competitors are more complacent
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Product differentiation occurs when a
company develops unique differences in its
products or services with the intent to
influence demand
Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
USING THE FIVE FORCES MODEL TO ANALYSE
THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY
Perform a Porters Five Forces analysis of each
of the following for a company entering the
commercial airline industry:
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Buyer power
Supplier power
Threat of substitute products/services
Threat of new entrants
Rivalry among competitors
Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
THE 3 GENERIC STRATEGIES CHOOSING A BUSINESS FOCUS
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
EXECUTING BUSINESS STRATEGIESBusiness process a standardised set of
activities that accomplish a specific task,
such as a specific process
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Value chain analysis views a firm as a
series of business processes that each add
value to the product or service
Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
Primary value activities
Inbound logistics acquires raw materials & resources, &
distributes
Operations transforms raw materials or inputs into goods
VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS EXECUTING
BUSINESS STRATEGIES continued
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& services
Outbound logistics distributes goods & services to
customers
Marketing and sales promotes, prices & sells products
to customers
Service provides customer support
Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
Support value activities
Firm infrastructure includes the company format or
departmental structures, environment and systems
VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS EXECUTINGBUSINESS STRATEGIES continued
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Human resource management provides employee
training, hiring and compensation
Technology development applies MIS to processes
to add value
Procurement purchases inputs such as raw materials,
resources, equipment and supplies
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS EXECUTING
BUSINESS STRATEGIES continued
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS EXECUTING
BUSINESS STRATEGIES continued
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Ch 1: COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
Preparation for Week 3
Access Moodle
Readin for Wk 3 e-Business and Mobile
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Business Baltzan Text Chapter 3
Prepare for Lab 2 Week 3 MYOB