wireless operating & basics

8/6/2019 WIRELESS Operating & Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/wireless-operating-basics 1/50

Wireless - Theory of Operations & Basics

Jagadeesh.D



[File Name or Event]Emerson Confidential27-Jun-01, Slide 2

Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic Waves have different wavelengths

When you listen to the radio , watch TV , or cook dinner in a microwave

oven , you are using electromagnetic waves.

Radio waves have the longest

wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum.

These waves can be longer than a football field or as short as a

football. Radio waves do more than just bring music to your radio. They also carry signals for your television and cellular

phones.




Wireless architecture

A wireless solution uses radio waves instead of physical wires as the communication medium. A

radio and antenna convert electronic signals from the measurement transmitter into radio waves,

and another antenna and radio at the host convert the waves back into usable information.

2.4 GHz is accepted around the globe as part of the Wi-Fi standard,

and can be used for wireless Ethernet communications. Other non-

Ethernet devices can also communicate in this frequency band.

Because it is a band rather than a single fixed frequency, it also allows

the use of spread-spectrum techniques to increase network

reliability.




Different types of wireless

GSM/GPRS

widely used in cellular networks

900-MHz and 2.4-GHz radiosuseful for monitoring and SCADA applications in oil and gas fields

Self-organizing networksoffer high network reliability for in-plant applications

Wi-Fiexcellent backbone for data concentration and networking.

Satellite

very remote operations




Smart Wireless Self-organising Field Network

Self-organising Networks have demonstrated high reliability in thefield

Use IEEE 802.15.4 radio with added channel hopping andTime Synchronised Mesh Protocol (TSMP)

Robust/tolerant to almost all interference and coexists with other wirelessnetworks

Demonstrated > 99% field reliability

Robust security is designed in.




Smart Wireless Solutions Utilize Robust Self-Organizing Technology

Self-Organizing NetworksRedundant data pathways eliminatesingle points of failure

Automatic reconfiguration, No userintervention is required

Robust and tolerant to all types ofinterference

Coexists with other wireless networks

Additional Technical Details

Time Synchronized Mesh Protocol(TSMP)

IEEE 802.15.4 radio withadded channel hopping

System is scalable to 100,000+nodes

Real world installations

consistently demonstrate >99% data reliability

IEC 62591




DCS DCS

Industrial Applications

Enter- prise

Hard To Reach,Unmanned Sites

In Plant Near-Plant Global

Remote Assets

Incremental Measurements

Distributed Inventory

‘Stranded’

Diagnostics

http://www.rosemount.com/products/level/m5400.html

http://www.rosemount.com/products/level/m5400.html




Suitable Applications: Monitoring

Non-critical monitoring

Control

New Existing

Basic monitoring

I m p o r t a n

c e o f d a

t a

Plant infrastructure

Wireless

HART Fieldbus

Fieldbus or HART




Topology: Star

A star topology is a point-to-point architecture whereindividual wireless devices,

or nodes, communicatedirectly with a central "hub”or gateway.

Devices in a star topology

communicate only with thegateway – not with eachother.

The gateway then transmitsthe data to a centralcollection point, such as acontrol room – eitherdirectly, or by connecting toanother network.




Topology: Star

In a star topology,communication can beinterrupted if something

disrupts the line-of-sighttransmission pathbetween device andgateway.

Obstruction such asphysical structures suchas vessels, piping, and

equipmentEnvironmental factor suchas rain, fog, and humidity.




Topology: Mesh

The devices in a meshtopology can alsocommunicate with other

nodes in the network.A message can "hop"from node to node to

node until it reaches theassigned gateway




What is TDMA?

Time Division Multiple Access is a preferred method forsynchronizing messages to avoid collisions. It is a digitaltransmission technology that allows a number of users to access asingle RF channel without interference by allocating unique time slots

(superframes) to each user within each channel

• A critical component of any TDMA system is time synchronization.•All nodes must share a common sense of time so that they know precisely when to talk, listen, or sleep.

TSMP does not begin each frame with a synchronization beacon.• TSMP nodes maintain a precise sense of time and exchange offset

information with neighbors to ensure alignment.




What is DSSS ?

It stands for Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum

- a redundant bit pattern called the chipping code is generated foreach data bit that is to be tranmitted.

DSSS functions by dividing the data into several pieces &SIMULTANEOUSLY sending the pieces on as many differentfrequencies as possible.

To an unintended receiver, DSSS appears as low-power wideband

noise and is rejected(ignored) by most narrowband receivers.

Amplitude (amount of

Power)

amplitude

f f

Narrow Band signal at a fixed frequency Spread Spectrum Signal




Security

5 layers of securityEncryption

• alter or “scramble”data in a message,making itunreadable toanyone other thanthe receiving deviceor system

Authentication

• it proves that adevicecommunicating onthe network is theauthorized nodethat its messagessay it is.

Verification

• verify that amessage hasn'tbeen changedduring transmissionis by time stamp toensure the“freshness” of the

message.

Anti-jamming

• 16 differentchannels from2.4000 GHz to2.4835 GHz

• Direct SequenceSpread Spectrum

Key

Management• Password to access

the gateway.




Integrated, Best-In-Class Security Protects Your Networks from Outside Threats The ability to Encrypt the data

– Protects your valuable information

The ability to Authenticate sender and receiver

– Verifies “good” communication within the network

The ability to Verify that the data has not been changed

– Ensures data integrity as it is communicated back to the gateway

Effective Anti-Jamming technology

– Channel hopping is employed to avoid interference and increase reliability Reliable Key Management

– Automatic key rotation further protects your network from unauthorized access

Emerson’s security approach is validated and tested by customers and wireless experts




Self Organizing Network

Based on industrial standard, WirelessHART

Time Synchronized Mesh Protocol network.

Dynamically manage their own configurationand communications to ensure messagesreach their destinations.

Each device in the network also acts as arouter for other neighboring devices.

No requirement for direct line-of-site pathsbetween source and destination.

Automatic path configuration




Advantages of Self Organizing Network

• Over 99% data reliability• Transmitters in network serves as repeater to provide

additional paths.High Reliability

• No physical check to identify clear, line-of-sight paths for

communicationNo site survey

• LCD is turned off when transmitter is idle• When not transmitting messages, they go into a “sleep”

modeEnergy efficiency

• Mesh network• No programming, routes planning requiredSelf-reorganizing

• Same process connection

• No special training requiredEasy installation

• Health of a device or a process.• Counter measure suggestions.Diagnostics




How does a Wireless Device join a network?

Typical Join Time Less than 5minutes

Up to 32 NeighborsBandwidth Allocation includesneighbors

Uses all 16 channels in 2.4 GHz

spectrum

ListensNeighbor Advertisements

Network ID + Time

HearsCorrect Network ID +Schedule

SynchronizesCommunicates with

Advertising Neighbor atadvertised schedule

ValidatesJoin Key approved bygateway

Bandwidth Allocated

Repeat

Listen for Unique Network ID 123456

Send Unique Join Keys for Network Access A3DC9E2D-7F3A1ED4-B4FWA2A1-CDA82FDB




RF in the surrounding

Absorption example - rain, glass, wood, foliage

Reflection example - Concrete (moderately)

-Metal (completely)

Diffraction

- Bending of waves around corners




Signal attenuation for different materials

MaterialAttenuation

(db)Glass window 2.3

Brick wall 2Metal frame glass gall into building 6

Office wall 6

Metal door in office wall 6

Cinder block wall 4

Metal door in brick wall 12

Brick wall next to metal door 3

Drywall 5-8Six inch thick solid-core wall 15-20Human body 3Plasterboard wall 3




Standard Gateway Antenna

Vertical Beam Width

60 Degrees for legacyP-t-P wirelessengineering

Self-Organizing

leverages much morein practice




Remote Gateway Antenna

Vertical Beam Width


Self-Organizing


Remote Antenna

Cable negatesRemote Antenna Gain




Long Range Antenna

Vertical Beam Width


Self-Organizing





Extended Range Antenna

Vertical Beam Width


Self-Organizing





Specified Effective Range = 250 m

LOS = Line of Sight = No Obstructions

Control 6 ft

750 ft




Installation Practices

Transmitter

Should be1m away from any structure.

Gateway

Should be 1 m away from the side of the building, or

Should be 2 m above the roof of the building, or

If the transmitters are near the ground, the gateway must be 4 to

8 m from the ground.

Remote Antenna

Should be 1m from side of building and 4 to 8 m above ground.

Should be 2m above the roof

Should be 4 to 8 m above ground.




Wireless Basics

How Wireless Works? – In Summary

Uses Self Organising Mesh Network Technology - which manages their ownconfiguration & communications automatically to look for the most efficientpath.

Self Organising Mesh Network Technology delivers high data reliability inDynamic plant environments.

Self Organising Networks offer flexibility to expand into additionalapplications.

Integrated Best-in-class security is simple to use - IEEE 802.15.4 radios with2.4 GHz frequency ISM band & total of 16 channels to hob around.

No Wireless expertise required, devices automatically finds the bestcommunication paths.

Network continuously monitors paths for degradation and repairs itself.

Adaptive behaviour provides reliable, hands-off operation and simplifiesnetwork deployments, expansion and reconfiguration.

Self healing Network - automatically finds an alternate path if there is anobstruction.

Seamless integration to existing host with same control system applications.




Wireless - Benefits

Physical Cablings or Wirings are not required.

Installation & Configuration is simple and easy.

Multiplexers & Marshalling cabinets space are not required to install &communicate with the devices.

Installation/planning for cables/wiring labor cost is very much eliminated - Up to90% Installation cost reduction.

Minimal ongoing Maintenance.

Faster commissioning and startup.

On the Platform/SKID applications, where the Platform/SKID is moving around the

plant.Current devices installed in the field are less utilized for their diagnostic featuresbuilt-in. With WirelessHART THUM, they can extract/utilize all the features.

Measurement of Process Variables can be done only when need therebymaximizing operational efficiency.

In essence they are the same as monitoring applications. Wireless opens the doorto providing new monitoring and control points in areas previously inaccessible.Systems previously controlled open loop or through a purely manual process canbe automated without the need for wiring new I/O (input/output) points.

Wireless delivers benefits beyond installation savings.




Easy to InstallFamiliar instrument practicesfor field networks

Self-organizing networks

minimize configurationNo site surveys for fieldnetworks

Seamless integration

between wired & wireless

Easy Installation

Easy to MaintainEasily add field devices,gateways, access points

Asset and Network

Management Software:Monitors health of devices

Monitors health ofcommunications betweendevices.

Quickly identifies faults.




Wireless Basics

Where WIRELESS Products are currently used

Currently used for Monitoring and Non-critical controlapplication.

Can be used for closed loop application, if theprocess is not so critical.

WirelessHART is designed for control applications. Itis up to the user to decide whether or not wirelessshould be used for control.

WirelessHART Communication has the advantage ofproviding a simple, reliable and secure solution,whether wired or wireless.




You Can’t Improve What You Can’t See

Most HART instrumentation points in the plants areunder-utilized.

HART devices are equipped with rich diagnostics andprocess information, yet this valuable information goesunused….Why?

Older legacy systems are not equipped to receive HARTcommunications.

Too expensive and too complicated to enable thiscapability through traditional wired means.

Now, there’s an easy and cost-effective wayto “see/get” the valuable diagnostic and process

information in your devices

See More with the Smart Wireless




See More with the Smart Wireless THUM Adapter

Enable enhanced valve capabilities

Gain access to advanced instrument diagnostics

Remotely manage devices and monitor device health

Efficiently gather data from multivariable devices

Make any HART device wireless to enable new measurement points

Extend predictive intelligence to areas

not possible before due to technical or economic reasons




Smart Wireless THUM Adapter?

A device you can retrofit on any existing twoor four-wire device.

Consists of a radio transmitter, receiver,

microprocessor and an antenna.

Allows you to wirelessly transmit HART measurementand diagnostic information that was previously not

available.




Smart Wireless THUM

Provides a simple cost-effective way to wirelessly access

HART device information

Enable enhanced valve capabilities

Gain access to advanced instrument diagnosticsRemotely manage devices and monitor health

Efficiently gather data from multivariable devices

Make any HART device wireless to enable new

measurement points2 or 4 Wire HART Devices

HART 5.0 or newer

Does not impact connected device approvals

Intrinsically Safe & Explosion ProofTHUM is available with same approvals

SmartPower™Scavenges power from existing source

No batteries




Attaches to any 2-wire or 4-wire HART device and uses WirelessHART to

transmit measurement and/or diagnostic information

Does not impact wiring to existing control system

HART data passes through self-organizing

network to Smart Wireless

Gateway

WIRELESS NETWORK UNLEASHES MEASUREMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC

INFORMATION

How Does the THUM Work?




The THUM is Easy to Install and Use

No need to install costly MultiplexersEliminates constraints of limited rack room space and costlyengineering and wiring

Attaches to standard electrical conduit portNo special power requirementsSmart Power loop scavenging

No battery required

The THUM can connect to any deviceThere are some considerations for certain hazardous areaapprovals

Self-organizing WirelessHART network offers >99% datareliabilityAMS Wireless SNAP-ON application makes it easy to planand validate the wireless network

Smart Wireless THUM Adapter




Enables Enhanced Valve Capabilities

Currently 75% of valves areunnecessarily removed fromservice for maintenance

The Smart Wireless THUMadapter with AMS ValveLinksoftware works with FIELDVUEdigital valves to deliver moreinsight

Complete maintenance on and as

needed basisLearn about impending problemsbefore they impact the plant

Avoid pulling valves from serviceunnecessarily for maintenance

• Online, in-service valve testing • Monitor alerts such as travel deviation, supply pressure and electronics health

• Trend actual valve positions

THUM Adapter BENEFITS

Smart Wireless THUM Adapter




Gain Access to Advanced Diagnostics

Smart WirelessTHUM adapterretrieves digital

information fromHART devices

Take action before

potential problemsimpact process

Online Configuration

and Diagnostics

pH Probe Monitoring

In-situ Meter Verification

Plugged Line

Detection


Remotely Manage Devices andSmart Wireless THUM Adapter




Smart Wireless THUM adapter withAMS Suite allows you to troubleshootHART devices from your desktop

Avoid unnecessary trips to the fieldOptimize maintenance and minimizedowntime

Obtain a universal window into yourHART devices

Online access to diagnostics

Automated documentation

Calibration managementDevice configuration

Remotely Manage Devices and Monitor Health


S Wi l THUM Ad




Smart Wireless THUM Adapter for Valve Diagnostics

You can’t improve what you can’t seeLegacy host system unable to read HARTdiagnostic data from FIELDVUE Instruments todetect valve assembly problems

Dirty air supply can increase maintenance

requirements on instruments or for an unplannedshutdown.

Normal wear and tear on the valve can increasethe likelihood of an unplanned shutdown

Smart Wireless THUM Adapter SolutionTHUM adapter attaches to an existing HARTdigital valve controller (e.g. DVC6000 orDVC2000) allowing valuable HART informationto be integrated with legacy systems

Valve Alerts

Valve Diagnostic Tests

ResultsImproved maintenance efficiency

Increased visibility into equipment health for

improved operations

Any images

available for plugged line detection?

Status screen showing active alerts and the result of the last One Button Sweep diagnostic test.

S t Wi l THUM Ad t




Smart Wireless THUM Adapter for Valve Position Feedback

You can’t improve what you can’t seeLegacy host system unable to read valvetravel feedback via HART communication

Valve position variable is available with

FIELDVUE instrumentsSmart Wireless THUM Adapter Solution

THUM adapter attaches to an existingHART digital valve controller (e.g.DVC6000 or DVC2000) allowing HART

variables to be integrated into legacysystems

Confirm that the valve has reached its setpoint position

Trend valve position over time

ResultsIncreased visibility into the performance ofthe valve

Improved troubleshooting tools

Any images

available for plugged line detection?

Status screen showing valve travel feedback.




Wireless Basics Summary

Why the customer need to go for Wireless

Cost saving: remove wiring cost, installation cost and shortencommissioning time.

If there is no more room to add more wirings with existinginfrastructure.

Free up space in panel for more important applications or any otherapplications.

How the WIRELESS can help them in their day today operation?

Operation manpower can be utilized in more meaningful job instead of

clipboard rounds especially where areas are not accessible & remote .Improve accuracy of data - human error is totally eliminated.

Improved Operational efficiency.




Wireless Major Applications

Difficult Process Monitoring

Where operator access is limited

Rotating Equipment

Environmental

Auxiliary Systems

Safety System Status

Operator Safety

Mobile Assets

On/Off Valve Position

Process Startup

Temporary Installations

Wired Alternative




1420 Gateway

WIRED To DCS via

OPC or Modbus

Control Valve with

4320 Position Transmitter




4-20mAHardwired Control

1420 Gateway

WIRED To DCS via OPC or Modbus




Wireless Connection to DeltaV11



Thank you. For

more Wireless Solutionsplease visitwww.emersonprocess.co

m/Smartwireless/

4-20mAHardwired Control

To DCS via OPC or Modbus

http://www.emersonprocess.com/smartwireless/




wireless operating & basics

Documents